The innovative work shows a new strategy to modify the physicochemical properties of medicines and improve patients' lives. The mechanochemical synthesis and characterization of the first Norfloxacin nanocrystal are described. In recent decades, nanotechnology has gained significant attention in the scientific field through the study of the design, formation and application of materials at the nanoscale level. In the pharmaceutical sector, nanotechnology has been the focus of studies on systems that allow increased bioavailability. The present work investigated the formation of pharmaceutical nanocrystals. Nanocrystals are crystalline nanoparticles ranging in size from a few nanometers to 1,000 nm, composed of 100% of the drug and stabilized by surfactants or polymeric stabilizers. They have a safe formulation and are well tolerated compared to conventional medicines. The drug used in this study was Norfloxacin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that has low bioavailability. Several nanocrystallization techniques are found in the literature, among which the mechanochemical method stands out. Mechanochemistry is an approach that allows the reduction of particle size through the mechanical energy provided in the reaction medium. Thus, it was possible to obtain nanomaterials and explore the influence of surfactants in controlling the particle size and morphology of the materials obtained. patients lives described decades design level sector bioavailability nanocrystals 1000 1 000 1,00 nm 100 stabilizers broadspectrum broad spectrum literature out medium Thus obtained 00 1,0 10 0 1,

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of rail metallurgy, focusing on segregations and chemical composition, and welding parameterization on the quality and susceptibility of welds to defects and failures induced by mobile flash butt welding (FBW). Ten welds were performed using two different welding programs, with varying heat input, on premium rails sourced from the same batch. The welds underwent full metallurgical characterization of the weld and HAZ, including hardness profile, mechanical testing, and micrographic analysis of the head, web, and foot regions. The results showed that both the HAZ dimensions and the hardness profile are influenced by weld parameterization. All welds fabricated by the lower heat input program, small islands of martensite and retained austenite (MA) were observed only in the foot region, close to the weld line. From the higher heat input program, only one weld showed islands of MA. Localized chemical analysis indicated that the formation of these islands is linked to microsegregation, especially of Mn and Cr present in the rail. metallurgy composition FBW. FBW . (FBW) programs batch testing head web regions program MA (MA region line microsegregation (FBW

Nowadays, few studies have reported on the sensitivity of thin films of Al-doped ZnO to ozone. This gas can become harmful to health depending on its environmental concentration. This work presents the sensor response to ozone gas of pure ZnO and Al-doped thin films, prepared by sputtering with varying deposition times. Ceramic targets prepared by SSR, compacted at 65MPa, sintered at 950°C, with densities ranging from 74-97% of the theoretical density, depending on the dopant content were used. The films showed an increase in thickness with deposition time and a preferential growth in the (002) plane of the ZnO structure. Slight changes in the band gap value occurred with increasing Al, whose presence in the ZnO lattice was confirmed by XPS. The sensitivity results to ozone showed that the performance of the films decreased with the Al-doping, which could be attributed to the defects formation related to oxygen in the lattice during Zn-Al substitution or to the greater densification of the films. Although the results showed a decrease in the sensor properties, all films are sensitive to ozone, including the low concentrations of 50 ppb, a limit considered for a maximum daily average for human exposure, established by the WHO. Nowadays Aldoped Al doped concentration times SSR 65MPa MPa 950C C 950 950°C 7497% 7497 74 97% 97 74-97 density used 002 (002 structure XPS Aldoping, Aldoping doping, doping Al-doping ZnAl Zn properties 5 ppb exposure WHO 95 749 7 9 74-9 00 (00 74- 0 (0 (

The influence of polyacrylamide and multi-wall carbon nanotubes as binders for the granulation process for iron ore sintering was investigated in conditions of high proportions of ultrafine (< 0.150 mm). The binders were added to the sintering mixtures composed of 20 and 40 wt.% pellet feed and then subjected to granulation tests in an HPS laboratory scale route. The granules obtained were analyzed by particle size, shatter test (degradation), and cold permeability after granulation, degradation, and drying. A decrease in the granules’ size with the addition of polyacrylamide was observed due to decreased granulation efficiency, leading to low cold permeability of the granules. Adding nanotubes dispersed in burnt lime resulted in the improvement of the granulation process, presenting larger, more resistant and more permeable (before/after degradation) granules. After drying, the bed permeability of granules produced using polyacrylamide or nanotubes decreased significantly, pointing to low performance in the sintering dry zone. multiwall multi wall < ( 0150 0 150 0.15 mm. mm . mm) 2 4 wt wt. route degradation , (degradation) drying efficiency larger before/after beforeafter before significantly zone 015 15 0.1 (degradation 01 1 0.

Herein stacked layers of Nb2O5 coated onto Al substrates are fabricated as microwave resonators. Structural and morphological analyses on these stacked layers have shown the amorphous nature of growth of the stacked layers. Electrically, the resonators showed negative capacitance effect accompanied with series and parallel resonance at three well -distinguished notch frequencies. Additionally, the resonators exhibited bandstop filter characteristics with notch frequency ( f n) centered at 1.05 GHz, return loss ( R L) value of 9.0 dB and voltage standing wave ratios ( V S W R) of 2.12. To enhance the performance of the Nb2O5 microwave resonators, platinum nanosheets of thicknesses of 50 nm were inserted between layers of Nb2O5. Platinum nanosheets successfully decreased the surface roughness and increase the electrical conductivity by five orders of magnitude. Pt nanosheets additionally improved the values of f n, S 11, R L and V S W R to 1.16 GHz, 0.039, 30.3 dB and 1.12, respectively. The features of the microwave resonators comprising Pt nanosheets in its structure are promising for using them in communication technology. NbO Nb O Nb2O Electrically distinguished frequencies Additionally n 105 1 05 1.0 GHz 90 9 0 9. 212 2 12 2.12 5 magnitude 11 116 16 1.1 0039 039 0.039 303 30 3 30. 112 1.12 respectively technology 10 1. 21 2.1 003 03 0.03 2. 00 0.0 0.

Calcium hexaluminate (CA6) presents a wide application in high-temperature thermal insulation. Despite the high porosity levels achieved, the use of carbonated precursors in its synthesis inevitably produces CO2 as a by-product. CA6 was produced by combining different sources of alumina (α-Al2O3 and ρ-Al2O3) and lime (CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, and CaO) in aqueous suspensions that were cast and sintered to evaluate these routes on its physical properties. The products attained after sintering at 1550 and 1600 °C were characterized for crystal phases, real density, particle morphology, uniaxial compressive strength, apparent porosity, and pore size distribution. Part of the samples sintered at 1600 °C was subjected to a thermal shock test and was then evaluated for residual strength under diametrical compression, apparent porosity, pore size distribution, and flexural elastic modulus. The CA6 samples produced from α-Al2O3 presented lower pore fraction and higher mechanical strength and modulus of elasticity. The superior properties of the materials produced with α-alumina were maintained after thermal shock. The acicular geometry of the CA6 particles is related to their excellent thermal shock resistance and mechanical performance. The results indicated a more environmentally friendly system produced from α-Al2O3-CaO for industrial applications of high-temperature thermal insulation resistant to thermal shock damage. CA (CA6 hightemperature temperature achieved CO byproduct. byproduct product. product by-product αAl2O3 αAlO α Al2O3 Al O (α-Al2O ρAl2O3 ρAlO ρ ρ-Al2O3 CaCO3, CaCO3 CaCO (CaCO3 CaOH2, CaOH2 CaOH Ca OH 2, 2 Ca(OH)2 CaO 155 160 C phases density morphology distribution compression α-Al2O elasticity αalumina performance αAl2O3CaO αAlOCaO damage (CA αAl αAl2O AlO Al2O ρAl ρAl2O ρ-Al2O (CaCO Ca(OH) 15 16 Ca(OH 1

The effect of ammonium bicarbonate (AB) and polyethylene wax (PW) on the physicochemical properties of macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics (BCPs) processed by space-holder technique was investigated. BCP powder was mixed with AB and PW and, then, uniaxially cold-pressed at 300 MPa. AB and PW were eliminated by heat treatment at 170°C for 2 hours or 550°C for 4 hours, respectively. Subsequently, the samples were air-sintered at 1070ºC for 2 hours. The results revealed that AB is more attractive than PW due to its lower degradation temperature, which has avoided the formation of undesirable phases. In addition, it favored an adequate consolidation of the particles with the formation of sintering necks that provided a better mechanical resistance to handling. The samples with AB also presented the formation of uniformly distributed macro and microporosity in great extension, which is shown by literature as a fundamental combination to stimulate cells/scaffold interaction. (AB (PW BCPs (BCPs spaceholder space holder investigated then coldpressed cold pressed 30 MPa 170C C 170 550C 550 respectively Subsequently airsintered air sintered ºC temperature phases addition handling extension cellsscaffold cells scaffold interaction 3 17 55 1 5

In this study, the surface of ZL104 was ultrasonically rolled (USRP) to provide better overall mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. USRP experiments were conducted on the surface by setting different parameters to improve the performance of ZL104 after strengthening. The results of the gradient residual stress test showed that the specimen with parameter 350N, 4-pass had 95.5% increase in residual stress and better fatigue resistance. The corrosion resistance of the specimen with a parameter of 500N, 3-pass was superior to that of the original specimen, with an increase of about 50%. The surface roughness test results showed that the surface roughness was reduced by about 38%-50% after USRP treatment. Meanwhile, the microstructure (OM, SEM) results showed that the surface grains were refined and the hardness increased from 105.45HV to 197.61 HV after USRP processing, and the properties were optimized. study ZL ZL10 (USRP strengthening 350N N 4pass pass 4 955 95 5 95.5 500N 3pass 3 50 50% 38%50% 3850 38% 38 38%-50 treatment Meanwhile OM, OM (OM SEM 10545HV 105 45HV 19761 197 61 197.6 processing optimized ZL1 9 95. 38%50 385 38%-5 10 1976 19 6 197. 38%5 38%- 1

Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs) reinforced with a particulate form of reinforcement have emerged as a replacement for monolithic alloys in various engineering industries due to their superior mechanical properties and customizable thermal and electrical characteristics. Silicon Carbide (SiC), is renowned for its high-temperature strength, hardness, wear resistance, excellent oxidation resistance, chemical resistance, low thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity, and compatibility with aluminium alloy find extensive utilization in Shipbuilding industries. The necessity for joining AMMCs arises in numerous engineering applications. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) emerges as one of the most fitting welding processes for joining AMMCs reinforced with particulate forms of ceramics without compromising their superior mechanical properties. This study endeavours to establish regression models predicting the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), Percent Elongation (PE), and Weld Nugget Hardness (WNH) of friction stir welded AA6092 matrix composite reinforced with Silicon Carbide particles (SiC). The models correlate significant parameters such as tool rotational speed (TRS), welding speed (WS), axial force (AF), and percentage of SiC reinforcement in the AA6092 metal matrix. Statistical software Design Expert, along with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and student’s t-test, is employed to validate the developed models. It is observed from the investigation that these factors independently influence the UTS, PE, and WNH of the friction stir welded composite joints. The developed regression models are optimized to maximize the UTS and WNH of friction stir welded AA6092/SiC composite joints. (AMMCs characteristics SiC, , (SiC) hightemperature temperature strength hardness resistance expansion conductivity applications FSW (FSW (UTS) PE (PE) (WNH AA AA609 SiC. . TRS, TRS (TRS) WS, WS (WS) AF, AF (AF) Expert ANOVA (ANOVA students student s ttest, ttest t test, test t-test joints AA6092SiC AASiC (SiC (UTS (PE AA60 (TRS (WS (AF AA6