ABSTRACT Pure magnesium (Mg) is a promising biodegradable biomaterial due to its excellent biocompatibility and appropriate elastic modulus. However, its high corrosion rate and insufficient mechanical properties limit its broader application. In this study, pure Mg is processed using high-pressure torsion (HPT) for 1, 2, and 5 turns. The evolution of the microstructure during the HPT process, as well as the microhardness distribution and corrosion resistance of the material after HPT, are investigated. The results reveal that HPT significantly refines the grain size of pure Mg, reducing it from about 5 mm to about 1 μm. This grain refinement increased the microhardness of pure Mg by 35%, and the microhardness values were uniformly distributed after 5 turns. The corrosion resistance of pure Mg improves with increasing number of HPT turns. This is indicated by a positive shift in the corrosion potential and a reduction in the rate of hydrogen evolution. The refined grain contributes to the formation of a denser and more uniform corrosion product layer, which enhances the protection of pure Mg substrates. (Mg modulus However application study highpressure pressure (HPT 2 turns process investigated μm 35 35% layer substrates 3

ABSTRACT The study investigates the mechanical and energy absorption characteristics of eco-friendly sandwich composites, using cork cores and natural fiber skins, to evaluate their feasibility as substitutes for conventional fiberglass composites in kayak manufacturing. The objective is to explore sustainable alternatives without compromising mechanical performance. Six composite plates with varying fiber densities and epoxy resins were manufactured and tested using ASTM standards for three-point bending and Charpy impact resistance. The bending tests revealed that plates with higher fiber densities exhibited greater mechanical strength, reaching up to 65 N in bending loads, while impact tests demonstrated varying energy absorption capabilities, with some plates absorbing up to 30 kJ/m2. Notably, laminates with bio-based epoxy resin performed similarly to those with synthetic resin in bending strength but showed slight differences in impact resistance. The study concludes that cork and natural fibers are viable substitutes for synthetic materials in kayaks, especially where environmental sustainability is prioritized. Plates with flax fiber skins and cork cores showed competitive mechanical properties, offering a potential sustainable solution for high-performance sporting goods, such as kayaks. Further optimization of these composites could accelerate their adoption in the sporting goods industry. ecofriendly eco friendly manufacturing performance threepoint three point resistance 6 loads capabilities 3 kJm2 kJm kJ m2 m kJ/m2 Notably biobased bio based kayaks prioritized properties highperformance high industry kJ/m

ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to study the behavior of corrosion in reinforced concrete slabs from the point of view of geostatistics. To this end, measurements of electrochemical potentials (reinforcement corrosion potentials) were taken in regions of a reinforced concrete slab, which was divided into smaller areas of the same dimensions in the “x” and “y” directions, respectively. In order to make the study feasible, a sub-region of this slab was separated where the corrosive activity was already more aggressive and the variograms were calculated for the “x” and “y” directions, according to the distances from the measurement points. After a detailed analysis of the results and the creation of graphs for each axis, the equations that best fitted the curves were obtained, in particular the polynomial for the “x” direction and the logarithmic for the “y” direction. From the data obtained, it is possible to understand the spatial extent of the problem, identify the corrosion bands in which each region of the structure studied is located and know the zone of influence of the sub-region used for analysis. The results can be used to choose the best technique for mitigating and combating slab corrosion, as well as for future work. geostatistics end reinforcement x “x y “y directions respectively feasible subregion sub points axis obtained problem

ABSTRACT This study introduces N-MBER, a novel soil stabilizer incorporating nano-SiO2, which significantly enhances the strength of cement-based soil mixtures. Experimental results show that N-MBER exhibits an exponential increase in strength over time, with strength improvements ranging from 15% to 50% compared to conventional stabilizers, depending on the nano-SiO2 content. The primary mechanism driving this enhancement is the increased formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel, which contributes to improved durability and load-bearing capacity. Additionally, the nano-SiO2 improves particle structure, leading to greater overall stability. These advancements suggest that N-MBER not only improves soil stabilization but also has potential for reducing waste by minimizing reliance on traditional cement-based stabilizers. This development offers valuable insights into soil treatment techniques and presents a sustainable solution for infrastructure projects where soil strength is critical. NMBER, NMBER N MBER, MBER nanoSiO2, nanoSiO2 nanoSiO nano SiO2, SiO2 SiO cementbased cement based mixtures time 15 50 stabilizers nano-SiO content CSH C S H (C-S-H gel loadbearing load bearing capacity Additionally structure stability critical 1 5

ABSTRACT This paper reports a novel coating containing activated TiO2 for improving corrosion resistance of Cu. In this study, three types of coatings were compared: one made from GPTMS (3-Glycidopropyltrimethoxysilane) (GC1), and two hybrid sol-gel coatings derived from G1 (solution organic) and activated with titanium. The Class I (GC2) coatings contained crystallized TiO2 particles integrated into the matrix, while the Class II (GC3) coatings used the liquid precursor TTIP (titanium (IV) isopropoxide). The three coatings, with thicknesses of 0.777 ± 0.5 μm (GC1), 2.054 ± 0.5 μm (GC2), and 3.774 ± 0.23 μm (GC3), were analyzed using XRD, optical profilometry, and SEM techniques. GC1 and GC3 exhibited uniform structures, while GC2 showed cracks due to TiO2 particles. After salt spray exposure per ASTM B117, the coatings were labeled GCE1, GCE2, and GCE3 for evaluation. Salt spray exposure caused SiO2 precipitates, impacting coating performance. GC3, with TTIP, showed a uniform surface and controlled roughness, leading to superior corrosion resistance (95% efficiency, 2764 Ω), outperforming GC2 (94% efficiency, 1331 Ω) and the substrate (918 Ω). TTIP improved adhesion and barrier formation, while TiO2 coatings (GC1, GC2) had increased roughness due to particle irregularities. GC3’s thicker, well-integrated structure contributed to its enhanced performance in corrosive environments. TiO Cu study compared 3Glycidopropyltrimethoxysilane Glycidopropyltrimethoxysilane 3 (3-Glycidopropyltrimethoxysilane GC1, GC , (GC1) solgel sol gel G solution organic titanium (GC2 matrix (GC3 IV (IV isopropoxide. isopropoxide . isopropoxide) 0777 0 777 0.77 05 5 0. 2054 2 054 2.05 GC2, 3774 774 3.77 023 23 0.2 XRD profilometry techniques structures B117 B GCE1 GCE GCE2 evaluation SiO precipitates 95% 95 (95 efficiency 276 Ω, Ω 94% 94 (94 133 918 (91 Ω. formation (GC1 irregularities GC3s GCs s thicker wellintegrated well environments (GC 077 77 0.7 205 2.0 377 3.7 02 B11 9 (9 27 13 91 07 7 20 2. 37 3. B1 ( 1

Abstract This study aimed to enhance the mechanical properties of sandwich composites through structural modifications using E-glass fiber and polyurethane foam. Six types of sandwich composites were fabricated via the hand layup method, categorized based on core modifications focused on reinforcing the core to improve structural capabilities. Mechanical testing—including tensile, compression, flexural, impact, and hardness tests—revealed significant enhancements in strength and stiffness, particularly in composites with reinforced cores. Tensile tests showed that PCR20 exhibited the highest strength (1.59 MPa) and modulus (60.45 MPa), while compression tests indicated PCR20 had the highest strength (3.7819 MPa). Flexural tests revealed similar trends, with PCR20 showing the highest strength (10.17 MPa). Impact tests demonstrated that PCR10 was the strongest (243 J), and hardness tests showed PCR10 had the highest Shore D hardness (61). Scanning Electron Microscopy provided insights into the microstructural behavior and failure mechanisms, highlighting the ductile nature of reinforced composite columns. These findings underscore the effectiveness of core modifications in enhancing the mechanical performance of sandwich composites, emphasizing their potential across diverse industrial applications.This research can be applied in aerospace for lightweight yet strong structural components, in the automotive industry for reducing vehicle weight while maintaining durability, and in marine applications to enhance strength and corrosion resistance in shipbuilding. Eglass E glass foam method capabilities testingincluding testing including tensile flexural impact testsrevealed stiffness cores PCR PCR2 1.59 159 1 59 (1.5 MPa 60.45 6045 60 45 (60.4 MPa, , 3.7819 37819 3 7819 (3.781 MPa. . trends 10.17 1017 10 17 (10.1 PCR1 243 (24 J, J J) 61. 61 (61) mechanisms columns applicationsThis components durability shipbuilding 1.5 15 5 (1. 60.4 604 6 4 (60. 3.781 3781 781 (3.78 10.1 101 (10. 24 (2 (61 1. (1 60. (60 3.78 378 78 (3.7 10. (10 2 ( (6 3.7 37 7 (3. 3. (3

Abstract This paper explores the use of novel lightweight concrete as an alternative material, focusing on Cellular Lightweight Foam Concrete (CLFC), renowned for its strength, low weight, thermal insulation, and sustainability. The study encompasses a thorough review of literature focusing on the evolution of lightweight concrete, experimental investigation including mix design variations and mechanical property analysis, statistical analysis using MINITAB software, SEM and EDS interpretation, and construction of model POD. Regression analysis was performed to investigate on the factors influencing compressive strength, revealing significant predictors such as cement, fly ash, water, and density, paving the way for enhanced concrete mixes. Characterization studies such as SEM and EDS were performed to analyse the formation of elements that contribute to the strength parameter. Moreover, the study underscores the potential of utilizing steam curing cycle to achieve early compressive strength in concrete mixes. Ultimately, the research aims to revolutionize construction practices by advocating for the widespread adoption of CLFC and innovative construction techniques to meet the demands of low-cost, eco-friendly housing. material CLFC, , (CLFC) weight insulation sustainability software interpretation POD cement ash water density mixes parameter Moreover Ultimately lowcost, lowcost cost, cost low-cost ecofriendly eco friendly housing (CLFC

Abstract The coarse aggregate was replaced with iron slag by weight from 10 to 60% with 10% variations, and the self-compacting concrete samples were analyzed after 28 days of curing in water. This study assesses concrete sample flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), acid resistance, surface water absorption, compressive strength, electrical resistance, and capillary water absorption. Additionally, the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis was performed to assess the microstructure level of the cement concrete mix. The samples with iron slag substituted at 20%, 40%, and 60% show greater compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths (about 18.4%, 28.6%, and 16.9% higher) than the control samples. Moreover, adding coarse aggregate containing 10, 20, 30 and 40% of higher strength at compression was achieved with iron slag. 1 60 variations selfcompacting self compacting 2 UPV, UPV , (UPV) resistance absorption Additionally Scanning Microscopy mix 20 20% 40 about 184 18 4 18.4% 286 6 28.6% 169 16 9 16.9 Moreover 3 (UPV 18.4 28.6 16. 18. 28.

Abstract Aim: This study aims to provide information about the mechanical characteristics of the files by comparing the torsional, bending and torsion strengths of glide path files with different properties. Method: WaveOne Gold (WOG)(15/v), ROTATE (15/.04), TruNatomy (17/.02), and Scope (17/.03) glide path files were used in this study. Torsional, bending, and buckling strength tests were performed using standard test methods according to ISO 3630-1 specifications (n = 12 from each group for each test). One-way analysis of variance was used to compare normally distributed data, and multiple comparisons were examined with Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) and Tamhane’s T2 tests. The significance level was p < 0.050. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the torsional strengths. The highest angular deviation value occurred in TruNatomy, while Scope had the highest bending and buckling strengths. Conclusion: The glide path instruments tested had different behaviours on bending, buckling and torsional resistance. Production methods and design features affect the mechanical properties of glide path files. For clinical use, the glide path file should be selected on a case-by-case basis. Aim Method WOG15/v, WOG15v WOGv WOG 15/v , 15 v (WOG)(15/v) 15/.04, 1504 15/.04 04 (15/.04) 17/.02, 1702 17/.02 17 02 (17/.02) 17/.03 1703 03 (17/.03 Torsional 36301 3630 1 3630- n test. . test) Oneway One way data Tukeys Tukey s HSD (HSD Tamhanes Tamhane T 0050 0 050 0.050 Results Conclusion resistance use casebycase case basis WOG15 WOG15/v 15v (WOG)(15/v 150 15/.0 (15/.04 170 17/.0 (17/.02 (17/.0 363 005 05 0.05 WOG1 15/. (15/.0 17/. (17/. 36 00 0.0 15/ (15/. 17/ (17/ 3 0. (15/ (17 (15 (1 (

RESUMO A segurança estrutural de edifícios históricos exige uma análise estrutural avançada. A argamassa geralmente apresenta composição e comportamento estrutural complexos. Em diferentes partes do mundo, existe uma quantidade significativa de construções históricas utilizando argamassas de cal aérea. A umidade em estruturas de cal tem uma influência importante no comportamento e desempenho. Resultados experimentais de um programa de monitoramento da argamassa desenvolvido pela equipe envolvida neste trabalho foi usado como referência. Para simular este processo de secagem, é utilizado um software implementado pelo Método das Diferenças Finitas (MDF). O software foi utilizado para identificar os principais parâmetros do material. A estratégia de modelagem (MC 2010) foi primeiramente aplicada aos resultados experimentais de corpos de prova cilíndricos, em sequência, aos resultados experimentais de um molde prismático. O modelo foi capaz de replicar os dados experimentais, de forma satisfatória. Destaca-se a relativa simplicidade da modelagem. Quando comparado com materiais como o concreto, foram encontrados maiores valores para D1 e fboundary. Para os corpos de prova estudados, os resultados experimentais e numéricos indicaram gradiente de umidade reduzido. Esses resultados estão associados à alta porosidade. Em sequência, considerando o par de valores obtidos na simulação numérica, estuda-se uma estrutura simulando uma construção real. avançada complexos mundo aérea desempenho referência secagem MDF. MDF . (MDF) material MC 2010 cilíndricos sequência prismático satisfatória Destacase Destaca se concreto D fboundary estudados reduzido porosidade numérica estudase estuda real (MDF 201 20 2

ABSTRACT The structural safety of historical buildings often requires advanced structural analysis. Mortar typically exhibits complex composition and structural behavior. In different parts of the world, there is a significant number of historical constructions based on lime mortar. The moisture content in lime structures has a significant influence on their behavior and performance. Experimental results from a mortar monitoring program developed by the team involved in this study were used as a reference. To simulate this drying process, a software implemented in the Finite Difference Method is utilized (FDM). The software was employed to identify the key material parameters (D1 e fboundary), that best fit the experimental data, considering the approach presented by the Model Code 2010. The modeling strategy was initially applied to the experimental results of cylindrical specimens and subsequently to the experimental results of a prismatic mold. Overall, the model was able to fit satisfactorily. When compare the results with values for concrete, higher values were found for diffusivity and boundary coefficient. For the studied specimens, both experimental and numerical results indicated a reduced moisture gradient. These findings are associated with high porosity. Subsequently, considering the obtained parameter values, a structure simulating a real historic construction is analyzed. The results show that the humidity inside the inner parts remains elevated for long periods (~100 years). analysis world performance reference process FDM. FDM . (FDM) D1 D (D fboundary, fboundary , fboundary) data 2010 mold Overall satisfactorily concrete coefficient gradient porosity Subsequently analyzed ~100 100 (~10 years. years years) (FDM 201 ~10 10 (~1 20 ~1 1 (~ 2 ~ (

ABSTRACT Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are excellent for a variety of applications due to their increased mechanical qualities. MMCs' ability to reduce structural weight and consequently fuel consumption is especially appealing for usage in the ground transportation and aviation sectors. In this study, AA2017 strengthened with Zirconium diboride (ZrB2) was produced via stir-casting [SC] route. The reinforcement particle ZrB2 was mixed in various weight percentages 0, 5, 10 and 15. According to ASTM standards, the cast samples underwent mechanical characterization such as micro hardness and tensile tests as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The SEM analysis witnessed the even dispersal of ZrB2 particles with AA2017 matrix with lesser agglomerations. The mechanical testing’s results showed improved properties and it was achieved for AA2017-15wt.% ZrB2 synthesized composites. Microhardness testing revealed an increase of around 101 VHN (40.28%) from the base as-casted alloy. Also the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) raised around 155 MPa (59.79%) from the as casted alloy. MMCs (MMCs qualities sectors study AA AA201 ZrB (ZrB2 stircasting stir casting SC [SC route 0 5 1 15 standards (SEM agglomerations testings s AA201715wt.% AA201715wt AAwt 15wt.% 15wt wt AA2017-15wt. 40.28% 4028 40 28 (40.28% ascasted alloy UTS (UTS 59.79% 5979 59 79 (59.79% AA20 (ZrB AA201715wt. 15wt. AA2017-15wt 40.28 402 4 2 (40.28 59.79 597 7 (59.79 AA2 40.2 (40.2 59.7 (59.7 40. (40. 59. (59. (40 (59 (4 (5 (

ABSTRACT The objective is to develop a composite gel made of graphene and silicone to prevent and extinguish coal seam fires. This is accomplished by integrating the dielectric properties and thermal stability of silicone polymer with graphene. Mechanical mixing and ultrasonication ensure an even distribution of graphene throughout the silicone matrix, yielding a dielectric constant of 18.14 at 1 kHz. The optimal composition includes 3 wt% graphene with a foaming expansion rate of 2. To enhance fire-extinguishing capabilities, sodium silicate gel, a well-known fire suppressant, is incorporated in a 1:1 ratio with silicone polymer. This combination boosts thermal stability and forms a barrier against oxygen infiltration, a key factor in fire prevention. The graphene is prepared through ultrasonic dispersion in ethanol, followed by vacuum drying and blending with silicone polymer and sodium silicate using a planetary mixer. The resulting composite gel exhibits excellent fire-resistant properties, demonstrating its potential in mitigating coal seam fires. Laboratory tests simulating coal seam fire conditions confirm the gel’s effectiveness in reducing temperatures and extinguishing fires. This innovation underscores the potential of graphene-silicone polymer composite gels in advancing fire protection technologies within the mining industry. fires matrix 1814 18 14 18.1 kHz wt 2 fireextinguishing capabilities wellknown well known suppressant 11 1: infiltration prevention ethanol mixer fireresistant resistant s graphenesilicone industry 181 18.

Abstract In this work, tungsten oxide (WO3) and different concentrations of transition metal ions doped WO3 (V/Cu:WO3) were prepared by hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction results confirmed the monoclinic structure of both pristine and doped WO3 nanoparticles (NPs). After doping, the average crystallite size of WO3 decreases from 58 nm to 41 nm for V:WO3 and 42 nm for Cu:WO3 NPs. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the nanoflake (NF) morphology of all the synthesized NPs. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of V and Cu in the doped NFs. Raman spectral studies provided information about chemical structure and phase crystallinity. UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed that V and Cu doping in WO3 significantly modified their optical properties by extending the absorption spectrum to the visible range and enhancing visible-light absorption. V and Cu doping reduced the bandgap of WO3 from 2.84 eV to 2.57 eV and 2.55 eV respectively. Photoluminescence spectrum showed that the intensity of emission peaks reduced for V:WO3 and Cu:WO3 compared to pristine WO3 NFs. Finally, all these results confirmed that both V:WO3 and Cu:WO3 NFs are suitable candidates for various visible light driven applications including photodetecting and photocatalytic devices. work WO (WO3 V/CuWO3 VCuWO3 VCuWO V/Cu (V/Cu:WO3 method Xray X ray NPs . (NPs) 5 4 VWO3 VWO V:WO CuWO3 CuWO Cu:WO NF (NF crystallinity UVvisible UV visiblelight 284 2 84 2.8 257 57 2.5 255 55 respectively Finally devices (WO V/CuWO VCu (V/Cu:WO (NPs 28 8 2. 25

ABSTRACT Textile pilling is a persistent issue that results in an unattractive surface on garments, impacting their aesthetic and commercial value. This study employs image processing and machine learning techniques to grade fleece textiles based on pilling evaluation. Two approaches were explored: the first utilized a discrete Fourier transform combined with Gaussian filtering, while the second employed Daubechies wavelets. Binarization was used to isolate textile pilling from the surrounding fabric area. In this study, morphological and topological image processing techniques were applied to extract key features from the image data, creating a comprehensive database for fabric analysis. Machine learning techniques, specifically Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), were then used to objectively address the textile grading problem. The Fourier-Gaussian approach achieved classification accuracies of 95.67% with ANN and 92.34% with SVM, while the Daubechies wavelet approach yielded accuracies of 94.23% and 90.67%, respectively. In terms of pilling detection, the Fourier-Gaussian method identified 67 instances of pilling with a pilling area of 1674 units, whereas the Daubechies wavelets method detected 56 instances with a pilling area of 654 units. This automated system enhances textile quality assessment and production efficiency by effectively detecting and quantifying pilling. garments value evaluation explored filtering data analysis SVM (SVM ANN, , (ANN) problem FourierGaussian 9567 95 95.67 9234 92 34 92.34 9423 94 23 94.23 9067 90 90.67% respectively detection 6 167 units 5 65 (ANN 956 9 95.6 923 3 92.3 942 2 94.2 906 90.67 16 95. 92. 94. 90.6 1 90.

Abstract Phosphogypsum (PG) is an industrial by-product and it has the binding properties to produce non-fired tile. Sisal fibers were supplemented with phosphogypsum to enrich the strength of the tile. In this study, the eco-friendliness of utilizing phosphogypsum with Sisal fiber in non-fired has been assessed to find the environmental impact of PG tile and compared with conventional tile. The physiochemical properties of phosphogypsum and Sisal fiber were analyzed. The strength characteristics of the phosphogypsum and Sisal combined tile have been test verified by pressing hydration process. The ideal water content and fiber content for different pressing pressures have been determined from the experimental investigation. Phosphogypsum tiles consisting of 6 wt.% sisal fiber exhibited maximum bending stress of 16.5 MPa under 15 MPa loading. Production of non-fired tile largely reduces the energy consumption and environmental impacts over conventional tile production. (PG byproduct product nonfired non fired study ecofriendliness eco friendliness analyzed process investigation wt wt. 165 16 5 16. 1 loading production