Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effect of oral administration of strontium (Sr) on the regeneration of a critical bone defect. Twenty Wistar rats were divided into two groups, assessed at 15 and 60 days postoperatively: GSr - oral administration of Sr; and CG - without oral administration of Sr. At 15 and 60 days, blood was collected to measure Sr and calcium (Ca), and the calvaria was removed for histomorphological and histomorphometric analyses. Sr+2 plasmatic concentrations were higher in GSr than in CG. The dosage of Ca+2 showed a small increase in the CG about the GSr. In all evaluated groups, new bone formation was restricted to the edges of the defect, and the residual area was filled with fibrous connective tissue. The oral administration of Sr associated with HA microspheres substituted by the metal, in a concentration of 23 mol%, did not affect the formation of the osteoid matrix. (Sr defect groups 1 6 postoperatively Ca, Ca , (Ca) analyses Sr2 2 Sr+ Ca2 Ca+ tissue metal mol mol% matrix (Ca

Abstract Six printing mixtures with variations in cement:sand ratios (in mass) were analyzed, keeping the water/dry material ratio constant, evaluating their printability, considering visual aspects, pumpability and filament integrity. The mixtures were subjected to mini-slump tests, spread on a consistency table, squeeze-flow, and deformation under load of the printed filaments at printing intervals of 0 min, 15 min and 30 min, and then the proportions of the compatible mixtures were determined. with the print. The properties in the hardened state, resistance to bending and compression, adhesion between layers, specific mass and voids index were determined for specimens extracted from printed parts. It was possible to observe that for the printing system used there is an ideal range for these constitutive relationships, and that the mixtures, even with different viscosities, measured according to the squeeze flow, can be printable, provided they meet the ideal ranges for the determined relationships. Regarding the interface of the printed layers, these are critical points of fragility, due to factors such as the formation of regions with voids and loss of surface moisture, which favors the reduction of the mechanical performance of the parts, with the increase in the deposition time. cementsand cement sand analyzed waterdry water dry constant printability aspects integrity minislump mini slump tests table squeezeflow, squeezeflow flow squeeze-flow 1 3 print state compression layers parts relationships viscosities printable fragility moisture time

Abstract The present research proposed the use of construction and demolition waste (CDW) in adsorption of methylene blue dye in aqueous medium. CDW was studied in its natural form and calcined aiming to improve its properties, both being characterized by different techniques and subjected to adsorption studies. From the kinetic study, it was verified that both systems presented a better fit to the experimental data for the pseudo-second-order model (R2 >0.980). The concentration and temperature variation showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 112.23 mg.g-1 (natural) and 418.6 mg.g-1 (calcined) both for the temperature of 45 ºC. The experimental data fit better with the Langmuir isotherm model, with a correlation coefficient R2 ≥0.960 for both samples. It was observed that both residues presented favorable adsorption mechanisms and effective adsorption parameters, but the calcined sample presented better results, and thinking in a low-cost material, natural sample can be more economically advantageous. In this view, CDW represents a potential and promising alternative for water purification. (CDW medium properties studies study pseudosecondorder pseudo second order R (R >0.980. 0980 >0.980 . 0 980 >0.980) 11223 112 23 112.2 mg.g1 mgg1 mgg mg.g 1 mg g mg.g- (natural 4186 418 6 418. (calcined 4 ºC 0960 960 ≥0.96 samples parameters results lowcost low cost material advantageous view purification 098 >0.98 98 1122 11 2 112. g1 41 096 96 ≥0.9 09 >0.9 9 ≥0. >0. ≥0 >0 ≥ >

Resumo Este trabalho estuda o incremento da resistência mecânica à flexão e força de ruptura de porcelanatos através da têmpera química. A troca catiônica resulta em tensões residuais de compressão na superfície do material. Foram selecionados porcelanatos técnicos (60×60 cm) com 100%, 90% e 77% da espessura padrão. Os porcelanatos foram prensados, secos e sinterizados em forno industrial. O processo de têmpera química foi realizado com uma mistura de sais de composição correspondente a 27% de nitrato de potássio (KNO3 > 99%) e 73% de fertilizante (K2O ~ 43%). O tratamento químico foi realizado a 480 ºC durante 25 min. Os resultados mostraram que as propriedades mecânicas do material atenderam à norma vigente (ABNT 10545-4 2018). Mesmo o material com 77% da espessura padrão, obteve-se um aumento de 15% na tensão de ruptura e 16% na força de ruptura. A análise de Weibull comprovou que as propriedades mecânicas foram incrementadas após a têmpera química. 60×60 6060 60 (60×6 cm 100 100% 90 77 padrão prensados industrial 27 KNO3 KNO (KNO 99% 99 73 K2O KO K 43%. 43 43% . 43%) 48 2 min ABNT 105454 10545 4 10545- 2018. 2018 2018) obtevese obteve se 15 16 60×6 606 6 (60× 10 9 7 1054 201 1 60× (60 105 20 (6 (

Abstract This work studies the increase in flexural strength and breaking strength of porcelain tiles through chemical tempering. Ion exchange results in residual compressive stresses on the material surface. Technical porcelain tiles (60×60 cm) with 100%, 90%, and 77% of the standard thickness were selected. The tiles were pressed, dried, and sintered in an industrial kiln. The chemical tempering process was performed using a salt mixture consisting of 27% potassium nitrate (KNO3 > 99%) and 73% fertilizer (K2O ~ 43%). The chemical treatment was conducted at 480 °C for 25 min. The results demonstrated that the material’s mechanical properties met the current standard (ABNT 10545-4 2018). Even with the material reduced to 77% of the standard thickness, there was a 15% increase in rupture stress and a 16% increase in rupture strength. Weibull analysis confirmed the increment in mechanical properties after chemical tempering. surface 60×60 6060 60 (60×6 cm 100 100% 90 90% 77 selected pressed dried kiln 27 KNO3 KNO (KNO 99% 99 73 K2O KO K O 43%. 43 43% . 43%) 48 C 2 min materials s ABNT 105454 10545 4 10545- 2018. 2018 2018) 15 16 60×6 606 6 (60× 10 9 7 1054 201 1 60× (60 105 20 (6 (

Abstract In this study, we produced, through hot pressing (HP) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) techniques, Al2O3-NbC composites for applications in machining processes. We report an experimental investigation of sintered composites’ structural, thermal, morphological, physical, and mechanical properties. The results confirm that the Al2O3-NbC composite sintered by both techniques presents a heterogeneous microstructure with distinct grain sizes and irregular geometries. Another stimulating factor is the increase of 25.86% in Vickers hardness, 14.89% in Young’s modulus, and 16.52% in mechanical strength of the composite sintered by SPS about the composite sintered by HP. Thus, our results can be used to address material properties targeting the needs of specific technological applications. study produced HP (HP (SPS Al2O3NbC AlONbC Al2O3 NbC Al O processes structural thermal morphological physical geometries 2586 25 86 25.86 hardness 1489 14 89 14.89 Youngs Young s modulus 1652 16 52 16.52 Thus AlO Al2O 258 2 8 25.8 148 1 14.8 165 5 16.5 25. 14. 16.

Abstract The slag corrosion of Al2O3-MgO-C refractories for steelmaking ladles is addressed by a dynamic test by considering their characteristics, the experimental approach, and previous cup test data and thermodynamic simulation. To obtain reliable results, an alternative to the current practice of using the samples’ dimensions to estimate the corrosion wear was proposed. The brick with the higher periclase content and high open porosity was less resistant in the dynamic test. However, in the other two bricks, the smaller particles and the lower corrosion resistance of bauxite were considered the determining factors for the greater increase in wear during the dynamic test concerning the cup test. Al2O3MgOC AlOMgOC Al2O3 MgO C Al O characteristics approach simulation results samples proposed However bricks MgOC AlO Al2O

Abstract Phosphate materials based on Turquoise composition CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8•4H2O were prepared using aqueous solutions. The light blue or green powders were obtained by heating at 500 or 700 ºC. To obtain artificial Turquoise pellets, these were sintered by the hydrothermal hot press method at 150 ºC. The amount of water, pressure, and milling as pretreatment were studied. Molded pellets were also prepared using oil as the solvent. The resulting pellets were evaluated in terms of density and hue. In addition, the effects of post-treatment, such as heating and beeswax coating, were also examined. There were several methods to improve the density of the molded product, including increasing the amount of solvent, increasing the pressure, using castor oil, and powder refining as a pretreatment. Castor oil and beeswax coating were also methods to improve product brightness. The pellets obtained in this study showed water resistance. CuAl6PO44OH8•4H2O CuAl6PO44OH84H2O CuAlPOOHHO CuAl6 PO4 4 OH 8•4H2O 8 4H2O CuAl PO H O solutions 50 70 ºC 15 pressure studied solvent hue addition posttreatment, posttreatment post treatment, treatment post-treatment examined brightness resistance CuAl6PO44OH8 84H2O HO 5 7 1 CuAlPOOH CuAl6PO44OH

Abstract In the present work, an exhaustive analysis of an Argentinian commercial LECA with a multi-technique approach was successfully carried out. Five sub-types of samples were considered to study the degree of macroscopic homogeneity of the LECAs, which presented observable differences in color and morphology. The microstructural, textural, and mineralogical features of the aggregates within each category were assessed and the differences among them were described and discussed. The density values of the samples studied were between 1.01 and 1.20 g/cm3 and porosity percentages were in the range of 24 to 33 %. The samples present a similar mineralogical composition with quartz and anorthite as the main crystalline phases and almost 50 wt. % of non-crystalline phase. In addition, some variations in the Rietveld quantification were analyzed. The main challenge of LECAs industrial production is to control the raw materials and the process to obtain homogeneous LECAs with similar performance. In this regard, this type of analysis is useful for establishing and comparing some characterization strategies to control, select, design, and evaluate new LECAs. work multitechnique multi technique out subtypes sub types morphology microstructural textural discussed 101 1 01 1.0 120 20 1.2 gcm3 gcm g cm3 cm g/cm 2 3 5 wt noncrystalline non phase addition analyzed performance regard select design 10 0 1. 12

Abstract Energy storage is essential for advancing green energy solutions, with the lead-acid battery market expected to grow by 4.4 percent a year until 2029, reaching USD 58.65 billion. Lithium-ion batteries, although predominant, face challenges such as cost, stability, safety, and environmental impacts, including a lack of efficient recycling. On the other hand, lead-acid batteries, with a 99 percent recycling rate in the US, offer a more sustainable option. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) play a crucial role in fuel economy and pollutant reduction, requiring batteries with good dynamic charge acceptance. Problems such as sulphation in lead batteries are mitigated with additives such as carbon and sodium lignosulphonate, which improve performance. This study focuses on optimizing the composition of battery pastes, maximizing charge acceptance by analyzing the interaction between carbon and sodium lignosulphonate, to improve the efficiency and competitiveness of lead-acid batteries by evaluating their electrochemical and electrical properties. solutions leadacid acid 44 4 4. 2029 5865 58 65 58.6 billion Lithiumion Lithium ion predominant cost stability safety impacts hand 9 US option HEVs (HEVs reduction lignosulphonate performance pastes properties 202 586 5 6 58. 20 2

Abstract Cement mortar is typically formulated by blending fine aggregate and water, yielding a matrix characterized by heterogeneity and porosity. However, these inherent characteristics can exacerbate structural leakage, allowing water infiltration in buildings. Bentonite is a promising waterproofing additive for various mortar types, owing to its remarkable water swelling properties and recognized attributes of being non-toxic and cost-effective. Hence, this study examined calcium or sodium-activated bentonites as cost-effective waterproofing additives in polymer-modified cement mortars. A commercial mortar with varying amounts (0-2wt.%) of these bentonites was prepared. The research focused on characterizing the additives and assessing mortar performance regarding fluidity, water absorption, mechanical strength, resistance to water penetration under negative and positive pressure, and microstructural features. Results showed sodium bentonite had a smaller particle size, higher reactivity, and swelled three times more than calcium bentonite. These additives altered the fresh mortars rheological properties due to flocculation. Incorporating 2 wt.% of sodium bentonite into the mortar did not significantly change the water absorption or crushing strength of samples cured at room temperature for 28 days. However, it led to an 18.6% reduction in water penetration under positive pressure and prevented liquid percolation to the upper surface of the samples during tests under negative pressure. porosity However leakage buildings types nontoxic non toxic costeffective. costeffective cost effective. effective Hence sodiumactivated activated polymermodified polymer modified 02wt.% 02wt wt 0 2wt.% 2wt (0-2wt.% prepared fluidity features size reactivity flocculation wt. days 186 18 6 18.6 02wt. 2wt. (0-2wt. 1 18. (0-2wt

Abstract Heavy metals are among the most harmful pollutants to the environment and human health. They are present in various industrial processes, requiring increasingly efficient treatments for removing their excessive concentration at acceptable levels before disposal. Adsorption is a widely used technique due to its efficiency, selectivity, and low cost. In this work, alumina ceramic microspheres, both pure and Si-doped, were produced by internal gelation to serve as adsorbents in the treatment of aqueous effluents containing Zn²+, Ni²+, and Mn²+, originating from the tri-cationic phosphatization process in the automotive industry. These microspheres, calcined at 600 °C and 700 °C, were characterized according to size distribution, specific surface area, gas adsorption, XRD, SEM, and optical microscopy. The effluent was treated in a fixed-bed column filled with these microspheres. The concentration of the three heavy metals was reduced by more than 90%, indicating the high efficiency of alumina ceramic microspheres as adsorbents of these heavy metals. health processes disposal selectivity cost work Sidoped, Sidoped Si doped, doped Si-doped Zn² Zn Zn²+ Ni² Ni Ni²+ Mn² Mn Mn²+ tricationic tri cationic industry 60 C 70 distribution area adsorption XRD SEM microscopy fixedbed fixed bed 90 90% 6 7 9

Abstract The thermal conductivity of engobed building ceramics was studied as a function of their microstructure. The following thermal conductivity coefficients of the samples were determined: clinker bricks with 5% water absorption - 1.04 W/(m·K) and facing bricks (ordinary) with 12% water absorption - 0.48 W/(m·K) (ignoring the voids in the samples). A comparison of the thermal conductivity of brick samples of uniform thickness without engobe and with engobe showed that the latter had a slight increase in thermal conductivity of 0.3% due to forming a denser outer layer on its surface with 2.0-0.3% water absorption. However, as the engobe coating is applied as an additional layer on the top of the ceramic bricks and the product has a greater thickness, the heat flow through the engobed bricks is 0.1-0.2 % lower. The results can be applied to technologies for achieving energy-efficient decorative and protective coatings for building ceramics. microstructure determined 5 104 1 04 1.0 W/m·K WmK W/ m·K W m K W/(m·K ordinary (ordinary 12 048 0 48 0.4 ignoring samples. . samples) 03 3 0.3 2.00.3% 2003 2.0 2 2.0-0.3 However 0.10.2 0102 0.1 0.2 0.1-0. lower energyefficient energy efficient 10 1. mK 4 0. 00 2.00.3 200 20 2. 2.0-0. 0.10. 010 01 02 0.1-0 2.00. 2.0-0 0.10 0.1- 2.00 2.0-

Resumo Os autores investigaram as respostas elétricas de três diferentes espessuras de cerâmica de 0,5ZrO2-0,5TiO2 com adição de LiClO4. Os sensores foram obtidos seguindo a rota de processamento tradicional e a escolha por um estudo preliminar na variação na espessura deve-se ao fato de que a distância entre as placas paralelas influi na capacitância que é inversamente proporcional a distância entre as placas, sendo que, para criar o efeito capacitivo, as superfícies planas superior e inferior das pastilhas foram revestidas com fita adesiva de carbono, sendo esta escolha da fita uma forma inédita de montagem. A análise de difração de raios-X mostrou a presença de zircônia monoclínica, titânia rutilo e de uma terceira fase cristalina oriunda de uma reação entre o Li+ do perclorato de lítio e a titânia, formando uma nova fase, o titanato de lítio. O sensor com 2 mm de espessura apresenta potencial para uso como sensor de umidade relativa do ar. 0,5ZrO20,5TiO2 05ZrO205TiO2 ZrOTiO 0,5ZrO2 0,5TiO2 0 5ZrO2 5TiO2 ZrO TiO 0,5ZrO2-0,5TiO LiClO4 LiClO devese deve se capacitivo carbono montagem raiosX raios X monoclínica Li ar 5ZrO20 0,5ZrO20,5TiO 05ZrO205TiO 05ZrO2 0,5ZrO 05TiO2 0,5TiO 5ZrO 5TiO 05ZrO 05TiO

Abstract The authors investigated the electrical responses of three different thicknesses of ceramic 0.5ZrO2-0,5TiO2 with addition of LiClO4. The sensors were obtained following the traditional processing route and the choice for a preliminary study in variation in thickness is due to the fact that a distance between parallel plates influences the capacitance that is inversely proportional to the distance between as plates, being that, to create the capacitive effect, as flat surfaces above and below the plates were coated with carbon adhesive tape, being this choice of tape an unprecedented form of assembly. A X-ray diffraction analysis showed a presence of zirconia (monoclinic), titanium (rutile), and a third crystalline phase derived from a reaction between the Li+ of lithium perchlorate and a titanium, forming a new phase, the Lithium titanate. The 2 mm thick sensor has potential for use as a relative humidity sensor. 0.5ZrO20,5TiO2 05ZrO205TiO2 ZrOTiO 0.5ZrO2 0,5TiO2 0 5ZrO2 5TiO2 ZrO TiO 0.5ZrO2-0,5TiO LiClO4 LiClO effect assembly Xray X ray monoclinic, monoclinic , (monoclinic) rutile, rutile (rutile) Li titanate 5ZrO20 0.5ZrO20,5TiO 05ZrO205TiO 05ZrO2 0.5ZrO 05TiO2 0,5TiO 5ZrO 5TiO (monoclinic (rutile 05ZrO 05TiO

Abstract Li7-xLa3Zr2-xO12-Tax (x =0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) nanostructured powders were successfully synthesized using an innovative wet chemical route via spray pyrolysis technique at 800 °C for 10 seconds, followed by post heat treatment at 800 °C for 30 minutes in a muffle furnace. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that Ta-doping increased the cubic phase up to 99%. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed spherical particles with sizes ranging from slightly below 200 nm to 3 µm. The powders were then pressed at 50 MPa and sintered at 850 °C for 7 minutes using Spark Plasma Sintering, followed by post heat-treatment at 900 °C for 2 hours in a muffle furnace. XRD indicated the majority predominance of the garnet cubic phase, and SEM images showed coalescence and longitudinal growth of the particles, forming layers inside the samples. This study reports a fast synthesis and sintering method to obtain cubic garnet crystalline structure in contrast to conventional methods that are widely used and published in the literature, which require longer parameters in the synthesis stages (~24 hours) and sintering stages (over 12 hours). Li7xLa3Zr2xO12Tax LixLaZrxOTax Li7 xLa3Zr2 xO12 Tax Li xLa Zr xO x 0 =0 01 1 0.1 02 0.2 0.3 03 80 C seconds furnace Xray X ray (XRD Tadoping Ta doping 99 99% (SEM 20 µm 5 85 Sintering heattreatment 90 samples literature ~24 24 (~2 over hours. . xLaZr xLa3Zr xO1 = 0. 8 9 ~2 (~ ~ (

ABSTRACT The rice husk was chemically treated with acetic acid and calcined at 600 °C, in an uncontrolled atmosphere to obtain the ash (RHA), and in an oxygen-limited atmosphere to produce the biochar (BC). The influence of the thermal treatment on the adsorbent properties for removing cationic (methylene blue) and anionic (methyl orange) dyes was investigated. Both materials showed amorphous structures rich in silica, with acicular morphology and a high roughness. High surface areas (157.2 and 215.5 m²g-1) and pH at the point of zero charge close to neutrality (6.73 and 6.58) for RHA and BC were found, respectively. The anionic dye was adsorbed only by BC due to its contribution to the π- π stacking interaction between the C=C bonds of the adsorbent and the benzene rings of the dye. In contrast, the cationic dye was adsorbed by electrostatic interaction between the Si-O-Si and Si-OH groups of the adsorbents, with the positive charge of the dye. All adsorption isotherms adjusted better to the SIPS model, suggesting adsorption in homogeneous and heterogeneous sites. The observed results suggest good adsorption capacities and the interactions between surface groups on the adsorbents and functional groups of the contaminants are the most important mechanism in the adsorption of dyes of different ionic natures on surfaces derived from rice husk. 60 C °C RHA, , (RHA) oxygenlimited oxygen limited BC. . (BC) methylene blue methyl orange investigated silica roughness 157.2 1572 157 2 (157. 2155 215 5 215. m²g1 mg m²g 1 m g m²g-1 6.73 673 6 73 (6.7 6.58 658 58 found respectively CC contrast SiOSi Si O SiOH OH model sites (RHA (BC 157. 15 (157 21 m²g- 6.7 67 7 (6. 6.5 65 (15 6. (6 (1 (