Abstract World's deadliest disease is brain tumor. Misdiagnosed cancers and inadequate treatment reduce survival. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is utilized for tumor analysis, but the enormous number of pictures produced by MRI makes it time-consuming and difficult to diagnose a patient just because of its complex nature, putting their life at risk. Thus, accurately detecting early brain cancers manually is difficult. We need an autonomous, intelligent system to detect brain cancers early and accurately. This study proposes a pre-trained EfficientNetb4 model with an adjusttable learning rate and custom callback to efficiently classify tumors. The proposed methodology improves the quality and quantity of the publicly accessible Br35h dataset by applying data augmentation techniques. The suggested model had 99.67% accuracy on Br35h data and 0.33% miss categorization. This method, however, had 99.87% accuracy on supplemented data and 0.13% miss categorization. The system achieves 99.33%, 99.97%, 99.93%, 99.33%, 0.66%, and 99.66% for Br35h in sensitivity, specificity, precision, NPV, FOR, and F1-score. The suggested model had 99.97% sensitivity, 99.74% specificity, 99.74% accuracy, 100% NPV, 0.66% FOR, and 99.66% F1-score for the Br35h-augmented dataset. Further, the proposed model also achieved FNR and FPR of 0 and 0.26%, respectively, and the augmented Br35H dataset achieved FNR and FPR of 0.66% and 0%, respectively. The 5Flod cross-validation also found that the model achieved an overall validation accuracy of 98.606% with a loss of 0.224%. Regarding results, the proposed system shows superior performance to other state-of-the art approaches. Worlds World s survival However (MRI analysis timeconsuming time consuming nature risk Thus autonomous pretrained pre trained EfficientNetb tumors Brh Br h techniques 9967 99 67 99.67 033 33 0.33 categorization method however 9987 87 99.87 013 13 0.13 9933 99.33% 9997 97 9993 93 99.93% 066 66 9966 99.66 sensitivity specificity precision NPV FOR F1score. F1score Fscore F1 score. score F 99.97 9974 74 99.74 100 0.66 Br35haugmented Brhaugmented Further 026 26 0.26% respectively BrH H 0% Flod crossvalidation cross 98606 98 606 98.606 0224 224 0.224% results stateofthe state approaches 996 9 6 99.6 03 3 0.3 998 8 99.8 01 1 0.1 993 99.33 999 99.93 06 99.9 997 7 99.7 10 0.6 haugmented 02 2 0.26 9860 60 98.60 022 22 0.224 99. 0. 99.3 0.2 986 98.6 0.22 98.

Abstract This work presents a customized and configurable solution for the online monitoring and diagnosis of power transformers that is already installed in the field and provides the main diagnostics of the asset, such as, aging acceleration factor, hotspot, apparent power, gas generation rate in the oil, temperature for the formation of free water in the oil, for blistering and hot spot formation, water content in the paper. The focus of this article is to describe the embedded system, which covers the hardware part, the information from the sensors installed for asset monitoring and communication with the server, as well as the development of the Web application of the monitoring system, based on the microservices architecture. The solution consists of the analog signal acquisition modules, RS-485 communication module, and digital inputs and outputs module, controlled by the NI central processing unit, CompactRIO through the NI LabVIEW development environment. The embedded system program is based on the MQTT protocol and the "Actor Framework" architecture, where "actors" responsible for the operations within the implemented logic are defined. The access or sending of information is done through messages between the actors, one of whom is responsible for managing the exchange of data between the others. The main focus of this structure is to receive the information from the sensors and link it to a "topic", where the algorithm allows directing this information to the registered senders. This work is part of the ANEEL R&D project to Campolarguense Energy Company - COCEL. factor hotspot oil paper server architecture modules RS485 RS 485 RS-48 module unit environment Actor Framework actors "actors defined others topic, topic , "topic" senders RD R D COCEL RS48 48 RS-4 "topic RS4 4 RS-

Abstract Composites are the recent ever-growing trend in the materials field of engineering. They have numerous applications in aerospace and automobile which make composites an inevitable research area. Currently, the research flow pattern centres around making sustainable green composites with accessible and overabundance of assets to contribute towards eco-friendly surroundings and waste management. In this paper, an attempt is made to reinforce natural fibres in polymer composite instead of synthetic fibres which are mostly non-biodegradable. Composite specimens are made with chemically treated cellulose microfibrils as reinforcements and epoxy as a matrix. Fatigue analysis of specimens prepared is carried out using ANSYS. The number of samples is decided based on the Box Behnken design (BBD), a design of experiments (DOE) method. The influences of parameters such as NaOH %, fibre diameter and Wt. % of Fibre on composite’s fatigue behaviour are investigated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Optimised values of the input parameters are found to be 18.08 NaOH %, 250 µm fibre diameter and 3.778 Wt. % of Fibre which yields 1.3 x 106 cycles. evergrowing ever growing engineering area Currently ecofriendly eco friendly management paper nonbiodegradable. nonbiodegradable non biodegradable. biodegradable non-biodegradable matrix ANSYS BBD, BBD , (BBD) DOE (DOE method Wt s ANOVA. ANOVA . (ANOVA) 1808 18 08 18.0 25 3778 3 778 3.77 13 1 1. 10 cycles (BBD (ANOVA 180 0 18. 2 377 77 3.7 37 7 3.

Abstract The importance and popularity of core training call for ongoing adjustments in exercise selection, overload, and progression to optimize workout outcomes. This study aimed to compare core muscle electromyographic activity during a 45-second isometric contraction under the front plank exercise with a Total-body Resistance Exercise (TRX®) system attached to the upper limbs at varying heights above the ground: a) 10 cm (FP-TRX10); b) 35 cm (FP-TRX35); c) 60 cm (FP-TRX60); and d) 85 cm (FP-TRX85). Twelve physically active male volunteers (mean age: 23.58 ± 2.58 years; mean weight: 75.29 ± 4.23 kg; mean height: 177.04 ± 4.96 cm; mean body fat: 11.57 ± 2.63%), without neuromuscular disorders, participated. Electromyographic signals were recorded from the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), erector spinae (ES), and multifidus muscles. Maximum values (root mean square [RMS]) were normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Statistical analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism software. Results indicated significantly higher electromyographic activity in the RA, EO, IO, and ES muscles (p < 0.05) during the FP-TRX10 exercise compared to FP-TRX85, with ES muscle activity significantly higher (p < 0.05) in FP-TRX10 than FP-TRX60. Lower TRX® system heights (e.g., FP-TRX10) elicited greater electromyographic activity in most core muscles, highlighting height as a crucial exercise progression factor. FP-TRX10 could represent an advanced step in core training, transitioning from the highest (FP-TRX85) to the lowest point (FP-TRX10) for optimal progression. selection overload outcomes 45second second 45 Totalbody Total TRX (TRX® ground 1 FPTRX10 FPTRX FP TRX10 b 3 FPTRX35 TRX35 (FP-TRX35) c 6 FPTRX60 TRX60 (FP-TRX60) d 8 FPTRX85. FPTRX85 TRX85 . age 2358 23 58 23.5 258 2 2.5 years weight 7529 75 29 75.2 423 4 4.2 kg 17704 177 04 177.0 496 96 4.9 fat 1157 11 57 11.5 2.63%, 263 2.63% , 63 2.63%) disorders participated RA (RA) EO (EO) IO (IO) ES, (ES) root RMS [RMS] software p 0.05 005 0 05 FP-TRX1 FPTRX85, TRX85, FP-TRX85 FPTRX60. TRX60. FP-TRX60 e.g., eg e g (e.g. factor (FP-TRX85 (FP-TRX10 (TRX FPTRX1 TRX1 FPTRX3 TRX3 (FP-TRX35 FPTRX6 TRX6 (FP-TRX60 FPTRX8 TRX8 235 5 23. 25 2. 752 7 75. 42 4. 1770 17 177. 49 9 115 11. 26 2.63 (RA (EO (IO (ES [RMS 0.0 00 FP-TRX FP-TRX8 FP-TRX6 e.g. (e.g (FP-TRX8 (FP-TRX1 (FP-TRX3 (FP-TRX6 2.6 0. e.g (FP-TRX

Abstract A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of dietary β-glucan in combination with citral and eugenol on the growth, whole body composition, and innate immunity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) weighing 9.16 g, under cold suboptimal temperatures (20ºC). The treatments included a control (Co); β-glucan (G) at 1.0 g/kg/diet; citral and eugenol (CE) at 0.5 g/kg each; and a combination of β-glucan, citral, and eugenol (GCE) at the same concentrations (1.0, 0.5 and 0.5 g/kg, respectively). Although no significant differences were observed in growth parameters post-trial, proximate analysis indicated an increase in body protein and a decrease in body fat content in the GCE group compared to the Co and G groups, respectively. Enhanced respiratory burst activity of blood leukocytes and myeloperoxidase activity were recorded in the GCE group, indicating improved innate immune responses. Serum complement hemolytic activity was significantly higher in the G group, with no additional benefits from the CE or GCE treatments. Furthermore, the G and GCE groups displayed increased serum lysozyme activity when compared to the control. These findings suggest that the combination (GCE) of these feed additives may offer a beneficial strategy for promoting health in tilapia reared under stressful conditions. 60day day 60 βglucan β glucan composition Oreochromis niloticus 916 9 16 9.1 g 20ºC. 20ºC ºC . (20ºC) (Co) (G 10 1 0 1. g/kg/diet gkgdiet kg diet (CE 05 5 0. gkg each βglucan, glucan, (GCE 1.0, (1.0 respectively respectively) posttrial, posttrial post trial, post-trial responses Furthermore conditions 6 91 9. (20ºC (Co (1. (1 (

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the oxidative stability of flaxseed cake and its inclusion in the diet of lactating cows, on milk production and composition and blood parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein -HDL and low density lipoprotein - LDL). Oxidative stability was evaluated by acidity index (AI) and peroxides (PI), determined from day zero to the ninth day of storage. Eighteen crossbreed Holstein x Jersey cows were used, nine animals per treatment (without and with the inclusion of cake). The experimental design was completely randomized, with two treatments and nine replications. There was an increase in PI during the first six days of storage, followed by a decrease on the ninth day. Supplying 4.5% flaxseed cake to lactating cows for 90 days did not promote changes in production, chemical composition and fatty acid profile of milk, somatic cell counts and blood parameters. Thus, flaxseed cake can be used to feed lactating cows. total cholesterol triglycerides HDL LDL. LDL . LDL) AI (AI PI, , (PI) storage without cake. cake) randomized replications 45 4 5 4.5 9 Thus (PI 4.

Abstract Genetic analyses through molecular markers always depend on efficient protocols for DNA extraction and standardized PCR conditions. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is an inexpensive protocol that can provide information about the genetic diversity among Capsicum accessions within a germplasm bank, but it is highly sensitive to reaction conditions and manipulation. This work presents an optimized protocol for DNA isolation from dry Capsicum seeds, and a standardization of five conditions for PCR using RAPD primers. The RAPD protocol was optimized for the following parameters: 50 ng of DNA template per mix, 2.5 mM MgCl2, 200 µM dNTP's, 25 ng of primer per mix, and 45 thermal cycles, resulting in reproducible and clear amplified fragments. Good quality products were presented in the extractions and amplifications carried out; therefore, the optimized protocols are sufficient to be used in future work with RAPD. (RAPD bank manipulation seeds primers parameters 5 mix 2 2. MgCl2 MgCl 20 dNTPs, dNTPs dNTP s, s dNTP's 4 cycles fragments out therefore

Abstract Motor imaging (MI) has been commonly employed in the domains of nervous analysis and robot control as an essential model of impulsive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Several approaches for extraction and classification based on MI signals have presented by researchers. Because of its random initialization technique, deep-learning (DL) procedures like convolutional neural networks (CNNs) employed in motor imagery categorization would suffer from the problem of extracting the features and improving the classification performance. To overcome these shortcomings, the proposed work presented a technique for reconstructing MI signals using empirical mode decomposition (EMD). In which it can manage the non-stationary problem and mix their Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) extended to multichannel analysis. The proposed works uses the transformation technique of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for extracting the signal. In classification wise, the proposed work used conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN), which provides the better classification performance and reduces the computational time. The proposed work used both binary class and multi-class classification. Scalp swarm optimization (SSO) used to enhance and optimize the learning parameters of the GAN model because in multi-class subjects, the performance of CGAN gradually degrades. In this BCI experimentation, the proposed work used two BCI competition datasets, such as BCI competition three dataset III (a) and BCI competition three dataset IV (a). Furthermore, evaluate the proposed technique performance by evaluating and comparing with DL technique as CNN (Alexnet and Resnet) model. The CNN achieved a classification accuracy performance of 81.61% in multiclass, while the CGAN showed better performance at 89.11%. (MI braincomputer brain computer BCIs. BCIs . (BCIs) researchers deeplearning deep (DL CNNs (CNNs shortcomings EMD. EMD (EMD) nonstationary non stationary IMFs (IMFs DWT (DWT signal wise CGAN, , (CGAN) time multiclass multi SSO (SSO subjects degrades experimentation datasets (a a. Furthermore Alexnet Resnet 8161 81 61 81.61 8911 89 11 89.11% (BCIs (EMD (CGAN 816 8 6 81.6 891 1 89.11 81. 89.1 89.

Abstract The production of the enzymes α-amylase, glucoamylase, and xylanase by Aspergillus niger DR02 was studied using waste from the Brazilian cassava flour industry. Cassava wastewater (manipueira) at 30% (v/v) was used, either supplemented (M30F10) or not (M30) with 10 g/L of cassava peel flour as a carbon source. Variables such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), proteins, reducing sugars, glucose, nitrate, ammonia, and enzymatic activities were monitored. The results for M30F10 and M30 at 30°C and pH 5.00 showed similar COD removals of 82.88%±12.00 and 82.41%±7.00, respectively. Despite the significant reduction in organic load, the final effluent still requires post-treatment before being discharged into the receiving water body. The addition of cassava peel flour favored the maximum production of 18.40 U/mL±0.15 α-amylase in 72 hours of cultivation, 14.80 U/mL±0.91 xylanase in 96 hours, and 4.50 U/mL±0.29 pectinase in 24 hours. Without medium supplementation, the highest glucoamylase activity (19.90 U/mL±1.01) was obtained in 96 hours. The kinetic adjustment to a first-order model (R²: 0.9998) confirmed the highest efficiency for α-amylase production when the medium was supplemented with peel flour (M30F10), with a production rate of 7.07 x 10⁻² h⁻¹, while the highest glucoamylase production rate was obtained in M30 (3.251 x 10⁻² h⁻¹; R²: 0.9975). These results confirm the effects of mitigating environmental impact and the commercial value enhancement of cassava flour industry waste through biodegradation with the studied strain. αamylase, αamylase α amylase, amylase DR DR0 manipueira (manipueira 30 v/v vv v (v/v used MF M F (M30F10 (M30 1 gL g L source COD, , (COD) proteins sugars glucose nitrate ammonia monitored M30F1 M3 30C C 500 5 00 5.0 82881200 82 88 12 82.88%±12.0 8241700 41 7 82.41%±7.00 respectively load posttreatment post treatment body 1840 18 40 18.4 UmL015 UmL U mL 0 15 U/mL±0.1 cultivation 1480 14 80 14.8 UmL091 91 U/mL±0.9 9 450 4 50 4.5 UmL029 29 U/mL±0.2 2 supplementation 19.90 1990 19 90 (19.9 U/mL±1.01 UmL101 01 firstorder first order R² R (R² 0.9998 09998 9998 M30F10, 707 07 7.0 10² ² 10⁻ h¹ h ¹ h⁻¹ 3.251 3251 3 251 (3.25 0.9975. 09975 0.9975 . 9975 0.9975) strain (M30F1 (M3 (COD M30F 5. 8288120 8 82.88%±12. 824170 82.41%±7.0 184 18. UmL01 U/mL±0. 148 14. UmL09 45 4. UmL02 19.9 199 (19. U/mL±1.0 UmL10 (R 0.999 0999 999 70 7. h⁻ 3.25 325 25 (3.2 0997 0.997 997 (M30F (M 828812 82.88%±12 82417 82.41%±7. UmL0 U/mL±0 19. (19 U/mL±1. UmL1 0.99 099 99 3.2 32 (3. 82881 82.88%±1 8241 82.41%±7 U/mL± (1 U/mL±1 0.9 09 3. (3 8288 82.88%± 824 82.41%± U/mL ( 0. 828 82.88% 82.41% 82.88 82.41 82.8 82.4 82.

Abstract Chromosomal polymorphisms have been reported in numerous vertebrates, including fishes. Such variation is usually related to karyoevolutionary trends and speciation but might also be a result of environmental stress. Herein, we provide the first karyotype characterization in populations of a widespread small characin (Hemigrammus marginatus) from an impacted river basin in Northeastern Brazil to infer their chromosome organization and putative genotoxic effects. Therefore, we reported intra and interindividual structural polymorphism and multiple active nucleolar organizer regions in samples from Contas River, a highly polluted environment when compared to less impacted areas. Furthermore, this report represents the first description of chromosomal mosaicism in the family Characidae so far. Besides revealing peculiar karyotypic patterns in relation to populations from other basins, our results suggest that the chromosomal instability in specimens H. marginatus might be associated with the presence of xenobiotics in polluted environments. vertebrates fishes stress Herein Hemigrammus effects Therefore River areas Furthermore far basins H environments

Abstract The widespread medicinal use of Kalanchoe daigremontiana and Kalanchoe × houghtonii, both popularly known as “mother-of-thousands”, often leads to their interchangeable use in folk medicine despite their distinct species status. This research aims to delineate the histochemical, chemical, and biological characteristics of these two Kalanchoe species to aid in their accurate identification. Through a comprehensive evaluation of histochemical markers (reaction patterns in hypodermis), alongside in vitro assessments (correlation of antioxidant activities and phenolic content), and metabolomic profiles (using HPTLC and UPLC-MS/MSE), this study has identified significant differences between K. daigremontiana and K. × houghtonii. The findings reveal distinct variations in all evaluated parameters, underscoring the importance of proper species identification to ensure the safety and efficacy of their medicinal use. These results contribute valuable insights into the phytochemical and pharmacological bases for the traditional uses of these plants and highlight the need for distinguishing between species to avoid potential therapeutic inefficacies or adverse effects in folk medicine practices. houghtonii motherofthousands, motherofthousands mother thousands , “mother-of-thousands” status chemical reaction hypodermis, hypodermis hypodermis) correlation content, content content) using UPLCMS/MSE, UPLCMSMSE UPLC MS/MSE MS MSE UPLC-MS/MSE) K parameters practices “mother-of-thousands UPLCMS UPLCMS/MSE MSMSE UPLC-MS/MSE

Abstract Gray rot and grape ripe rot stand out as important vineyard diseases, being caused by the phytopathogens Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum acutatum, respectively. Control is usually conducted with synthetic fungicides that can cause problems for human health and the environment. Thus, searching for new alternative disease management methods is necessary, including using essential oil (EO) with fungicidal activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and fungicidal effect of Rosmarinus officinalis EO, as well as its fractions on the mycelial growth and conidial germination of B. cinerea and C. acutatum, in vitro and in vivo. The EO had α-pinene and 1,8-cineole as major compounds. In the vacuum fractional distillation, there was a variation in the chemical composition and the relative quantity of each compound according to the fraction analyzed (fractions of the bottom and top of the column). The in vitro results showed that the EO and its fractions had a fungicidal action on B. cinerea and C. acutatum. In post-harvest tests with 'Isabella' grapes, rosemary EO and its fractions reduced the incidence and severity of gray rot and grape ripe rot in preventive and curative treatments. In the field trial conducted in an 'Isabella' grape vineyard, the concentrations of the bottom fraction of rosemary EO reduced the incidence and severity of the grape ripe rot. They did not change the qualitative parameters of the evaluated grapes, showing that the bottom fraction of rosemary EO can be applied in the vineyard as a biofungicide to control this disease. diseases acutatum respectively environment Thus necessary (EO activity B C vivo αpinene α pinene 1,8cineole 18cineole cineole 1,8 1 8 compounds distillation column. column . column) postharvest post harvest Isabella 'Isabella grapes treatments 8cineole 18 1,

Abstract The macaw palm is a palm tree with wide geographic distribution. The aim of this work was to determine the modal properties of the macaw palm fruit-rachilla system subjected to mechanical vibrations. Three-dimensional models were elaborated using a computational program for 3D CAD modeling. The three-dimensional model developed was validated as a function of the real displacements observed during laboratory vibration tests. The average values observed for the system natural frequencies in the vibration tests were 20.09 Hz for the immature stage and 19.86 Hz for the mature stage. The average values of natural frequencies obtained by the numerical simulations were 28.41 Hz and 25.56 Hz for the immature and mature maturation stages, respectively. The vibration mode corresponding to the natural frequencies evaluated was characterized as pendulum displacements of the macaw palm fruit-rachilla system. distribution fruitrachilla fruit rachilla vibrations Threedimensional Three dimensional D modeling threedimensional three 2009 20 09 20.0 1986 19 86 19.8 2841 28 41 28.4 2556 25 56 25.5 stages respectively 200 2 0 20. 198 1 8 19. 284 4 28. 255 5 25.

Abstract The aim of this study was to classify the sows for longevity based on the total number of piglets born alive in the first parities. Data comprising the period from January 2017 to March 2020 were obtained from a commercial farm with 5,500 sows. A total of 8,869 sows were used in the analyses. The animals were divided into three parity groups according to the 1st and 3rd quartiles of the total number of piglets born alive in the first and second farrowing: parity 1 - 1L (low): <12 piglets, 1M (medium): 12 to 16 piglets, and 1H (high): >16 piglets; parity 2 - 2L: <12 piglets; 2M: 12 to 16 piglets, and 2H: >16 piglets. Sows exhibiting high performance in the first parity continued to do so up to the sixth parity. Regarding parity 1 classification, 1H sows (>16 piglets) produced more piglets than the other classes up to the fifth parity. When the parity 2 classification was added, 1H2H and 1H2M sows produced more piglets up to the fourth parity. Comparison of the length of stay of sows in the herd showed a longer mean stay of the 1H2M class. The main reasons for culling were cystitis, uterine prolapse, hoof problems, and physical condition. In general, the results demonstrated that it is possible to use the number of piglets born alive in the first two parities of sows to predict the productivity of subsequent parities. The method is able may therefore help to maintenance of the sow in the herd or culling of sows. 201 202 5500 5 500 5,50 8869 8 869 8,86 analyses st rd farrowing L low (low) <1 M medium (medium) H (high) >1 2L 2M 2H (>1 added HH HM class cystitis prolapse problems condition general 20 550 50 5,5 886 86 8,8 (low < (medium (high > (> 55 5, 88 8, (

Abstract It is known that salinity stress, one of the abiotic stress factors, significantly limits the germination, growth, development, and crop yield of plants. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of salinity (control, 50, 100 ve 150 mM) on seed germination and the effect of salicylic acid (control, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 ve 1.00 mM) on seed germination to improve salt tolerance in cannabis seeds. The physiological characteristics of the plant, such as germination percentage, germination duration, germination index, radicle length, plumule length, wet radicle weight, dry radicle weight, wet plumule weight, and dry plumule weight, were analyzed. Depending on the salinity application dose, it was observed that there was a significant decrease in the germination parameters of cannabis seeds compared to the control. It was observed that salicylic acid treatments under salinity stress positively affected all the characters examined and reduced germination arrest due to increasing concentration levels. Although it is recommended to prepare seeds with 0.5 mM salicylic acid pre-application dose against salt stress of the cannabis plant,it is essential to expand the studies on its transfer to practice. As a result, salicylic acid will provide positive results that can be transferred to practice by increasing the resistance of cannabis plants against salinity, especially in agricultural soils with salt problems, as it will be more sensitive to pests and diseases. factors growth development Therefore control, control (control 50 10 15 025 0 25 0.25 050 0.50 075 75 0.7 1 00 1.0 plant percentage duration index length weight analyzed levels 05 5 0. preapplication pre plantit result problems diseases 02 2 0.2 07 7 1.