Abstract Methanol, ethanol, acetone and chloroform extracts of powdered Hypericum heterophyllum prepared from leafs were investigated for their (i) phytochemical constituents, which was evaluated by LC-ESI-MS/MS and various known total bioactive methods; (ii) antioxidant capacity, which was evaluated by several in vitro assays such as DPPH, ABTS, H2O2, superoxide radical, and metal chelating; (iii) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity; (iv) active constituents of the extracts with AChE in silico docking. Phytochemical analysis revealed that none of the extracts contained hypericin, pseudohypericin and hyperforin. Among the identified compounds, ethanol and acetone extracts had the highest number of compounds. The highest value of total phenolic content (132.7 mg GAE/g) was obtained with methanol extract, whereas the highest values of total flavonoid (61.8 mg QE/g) and flavanol (0.89 mg CE/g) content were recorded in acetone extract. Methanol extract displayed the most DPPH activity (24.9 mg TE/g), but ethanol extract (59.8 mg TE/g) showed the highest ABTS activity. Acetone extract displayed the best hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activities with the values of 351.5 mg AAE/g, and 197.3 mg TE/g respectively. The chloroform extract exhibited the best AChE inhibition activity (11.07 µg/ml). In the docking study, quercetin-7-O-glucoside, diosgenin, and quercetin-3-glucoside were calculated to have a stronger MolDock Score than the reference ligand Donepezil. Our docking results have indicated that extracts contain compounds with a high affinity against the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. These data suggest that these extracts can be potentially important antioxidant supplements and drug candidates for AChE inhibition activity. i (i LCESIMS/MS LCESIMSMS LC ESI MS/MS MS methods ii (ii capacity H2O2 HO H O chelating iii (iii (AChE iv (iv hypericin hyperforin 132.7 1327 132 7 (132. GAE/g GAEg GAE g 61.8 618 61 8 (61. QE/g QEg QE 0.89 089 0 89 (0.8 CE/g CEg CE 24.9 249 24 9 (24. TE/g, TEg , TE 59.8 598 59 (59. 3515 351 5 351. AAEg AAE AAE/g 1973 197 3 197. respectively 11.07 1107 11 07 (11.0 µg/ml. µgml µg/ml . µg ml µg/ml) study quercetin7Oglucoside, quercetin7Oglucoside quercetinOglucoside quercetin glucoside, glucoside quercetin-7-O-glucoside diosgenin quercetin3glucoside quercetinglucoside Donepezil enzyme LCESIMS MSMS H2O 132. 13 (132 61. 6 (61 0.8 08 (0. 24. 2 (24 59. (59 35 19 11.0 110 1 (11. Oglucoside (13 (6 0. (0 (2 (5 11. (11 (1 (

Abstract The total cost of processes that use lipases can be reduced by using the mycelium or not purified crude extract with lipolytic activity. These catalysts can be used without complex purification and can show desirable properties to emerging applications like hydrolysis and biotransformation of vegetable oils. To explore the potential of multiple forms of lipases (produced by the same filamentous fungus species), this work investigated intracellular and extracellular lipases produced by Trichoderma koningii (intracellular lipases were never studied), Penicillium spp. F02 (isolated from industrial grease trap) and Aspergillus niger. For this, batch fermentations were conducted for 96h using olive oil as a carbon source. The submerged culture was interrupted with vacuum filtration to isolate the mycelium and crude extract. The lipolytic activities were determined by the hydrolysis method of olive oil. The best results were obtained for intracellular activity with T. koningii (81.5 U/g of dry biomass) and for extracellular activity with A. niger (10.6 U/mL of crude extract). Both were attained in 96h of fermentation. T. koningii showed an accumulation of intracellular lipases and a depreciated extracellular activity in the initial 24 hours, which can be reasonable indications that there is strong retention of lipases in the mycelium. Statistical analysis within the range of 37°C to 44°C associated with pH from 7.8 to 8.0 favored the activity of lipases from T. koningii. All these findings are promising for future studies in the enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel with lipases (intracellular and extracellular) from T. koningii. oils species, species , species) studied, studied studied) spp F F0 isolated trap h source T 81.5 815 81 5 (81. Ug U g biomass A 10.6 106 10 6 (10. UmL mL . extract) fermentation 2 hours 37C C 37 44C 44 78 7 8 7. 80 0 8. 81. (81 10. 1 (10 3 4 (8 (1 (

Abstract Roadkill is one of the most direct impacts on fauna, leading to numerous direct and indirect impacts. Road-killed animals could serve as a resource for research and teaching purposes, but first, they need to have their tissues preserved by some technique. Plastination is one of the most modern techniques for the conservation of biological tissues, its principle is the replacement of body fluids by a curable polymer, resulting in a non-toxic, odorless, and manipulable material. So the main aim of this work was to compose a collection of plastinated roadkill victims from the Biological Reserve Sooretama region, adapting the standard protocol to the different taxa worked here (Avialae, Reptilia, Amphibia, and Mammalia). For this, 42 animals were used, previously frozen and stored in the Sooretama Biological Reserve and Vale Natural Reserve until they were sent for processing. Upon arriving at the Plastination laboratory at the Federal University of Espírito Santo, the animals underwent the 4 stages of plastination: fixation, dehydration, forced impregnation, and chemical cure; some adaptations were made to improve the final specimens. The results proved that the plastination of these animals is extremely viable in generating satisfactory results. Given the results obtained, it becomes clear how plastination can become an alternative to implement in the composition of biological collections using roadkill animals. The animals prepared in this work comprise an unprecedented collection available for different applications, such as exhibitions, practical classes, and research. fauna Roadkilled Road killed purposes first technique polymer nontoxic, nontoxic non toxic, toxic non-toxic odorless material region Avialae, Avialae (Avialae Reptilia Amphibia Mammalia. Mammalia . Mammalia) used processing Santo fixation dehydration impregnation cure specimens obtained applications exhibitions classes

Abstract Surge arresters are at the forefront of protection against voltage surges. The loss of the protective effect of surge arresters imposes accidents and unplanned shutdowns on the power system. It directly affects the interruption of power supplies and imposes fines on service providers. Monitoring and diagnostics in the lightning rod field require studies and work that present the degradation behaviour of surge arresters to help develop and improve existing techniques. This paper presents the development of a laboratory with a low-energy, mobile current waveform impulse generator. It allows for conducting aging tests by applying discharges to low-voltage zinc oxide surge arresters used in the energy distribution sector. Samples of surge arresters were subjected to the discharges produced by the developed generator, and they exhibited degradation, thus showing asymmetry between the positive and negative half-cycles of leakage current. surges system providers techniques lowenergy, lowenergy low energy, low-energy generator lowvoltage sector halfcycles half cycles

Abstract We investigated the Biogran on bone repair and metabolism at several time-intervals upon grafting into rat tibia artificial defects. The biomaterial was thoroughly characterized in vitro, and its dissolution behavior upon immersion was assessed in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days. Biogran was also assessed by in vitro hydroxyapatite formation in SBF solution, which is a marker for bioactive behavior. In vivo, distal and proximal bone defects were performed in the Wistar rat's right tibia and filled according to the experimental groups: I) negative control, no filling; II) positive control, 10 mg of autogenous bone; and III) 10 mg of Biogran. Animals were euthanized at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 10 weeks. Bone neoformation was analyzed using histomorphometry (proximal defect), and local levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) were measured using the ELISA assay (distal defect). In vitro, the Biogran sample showed a fast dissolution rate within the first 7 days, parallel to the formation of the hydroxyapatite layer. In vivo, the sample was progressively resorbed at a higher rate within the first month until it became almost absent at week 10th. The sample presented similar or higher bone neoformation concerning the autogenous bone. BMP-2 levels were sustained in the Biogran group (around 200 pg/mg) and detected until the last experimental time with a significant difference compared with the controls. Results suggest Biogran is a candidate for hard tissue engineering even in highly active bone remodeling sites. timeintervals intervals (SBF 1 3 14 days vivo rats s groups I control filling II III 4 weeks defect, defect , defect) BMP2 BMP (BMP-2 defect. . layer 10th th BMP- around 20 pg/mg pgmg pg controls sites (BMP- (BMP

Abstract Biomedical waste management is an integral part of health care as being the mainstay of hospital cleanliness, hygiene, and maintenance activities. Medical care is crucial for human health but mismanagement of biomedical waste harms the flora and fauna of ecosystem on earth, and badly influences the human health. Due to their stability, biomedical wastes are not eliminated by the solid or sewage treatment plants, and get bioaccumulated in environment, and eventually get to population through various means. They are harmful due to their potential carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and other toxicities. Current disposal techniques employed in disposing biomedical wastes are sewage/drains, incineration, and landfills. These practices are normally costly and might transform pollutants from one toxic form to another. Whereas bioremediation is an inexpensive method of employing naturally occurring microorganisms or plants to detoxify man-made pollutants to harmless products that make soil fertile as well in the process. Researchers have also evolved genetically engineered microbes to remediate environmental pollutants including radionuclides. Phytoremediation is also a type of sustainable methods, which is reasonable and competent in handling heavy metals and radioactive waste generated from hospitals. In this article, we have summarized rational applications of bioremediation techniques of using effective microorganisms and plants in enhanced removal of several recalcitrant pollutants including biomedical waste. Our review highlights the challenges and future perspectives to bioremediate non-biodegradable and potentially toxic hospital wastes. cleanliness hygiene activities earth stability environment means carcinogenicity genotoxicity mutagenicity toxicities sewagedrains drains sewage/drains incineration landfills another manmade man made process radionuclides methods hospitals article nonbiodegradable non biodegradable

Abstract In recent years, there has been a growing interest in integrating distributed generation (DG) technologies into the distribution network (DN) to improve system efficiency, reduce carbon emissions, and increase the power system's reliability. However, the optimal placement of DG systems within the DN is a difficult task, since it is dependent on several variables, including load demand, renewable energy sources, and energy storage systems (ESS). In this context, demand response (DR) programs can play a vital role in enhancing the efficiency of DG systems, since they allow consumers to lower their energy usage during peak hours and move their demand to off-peak hours. DR and solar photovoltaic (SPV) systems are two prominent technologies that can play a substantial role in the power DN. In this paper, a bi-level particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is employed to determine the best allocation of DG in the coordination of DR. In the suggested methodology, the first level of optimization determines the optimal size and location of DG, and the second level of optimization determines the optimal power dispatch in the coordination of DR. The proposed method is implemented on the IEEE 33 bus system, and the results demonstrate that the power quality parameters have significantly improved. years (DG (DN emissions s reliability However task variables sources ESS. ESS . (ESS) context (DR offpeak off SPV (SPV paper bilevel bi PSO (PSO methodology 3 improved (ESS

Abstract The detection and segmentation of tumor regions in brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays important aspects for last two decades. In this paper, Efficient Visual Geometry Group Convolutional Neural Networks Architecture is proposed for brain tumor detection which consists of pre-processing module, DWT module, and Classification module along with segmentation. The scaling based data augmentation methods are used as the pre-processing technique and the data augmented scaled images are decomposed using DWT Transform. The Wavelet feature maps are constructed from these decomposed coefficients and they are classified using EVGG-CNN architecture. This proposed architecture identifies the brain image into either Glioma or healthy brain image. The effectiveness of these developed methods stated in this work is verified by applying the proposed method on the brain images from BRATS 2021 and Kaggle dataset. The performance of proposed EVGG-CNN architecture is analyzed in terms of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. MRI (MRI decades paper preprocessing pre processing Transform EVGGCNN EVGG CNN 202 dataset sensitivity accuracy 20 2

Abstract Large quantities of residual cooking oil are being increasingly generated in various sectors, as it is often improperly disposed of and causes serious environmental problems. A commonly used alternative is the use of lipases in enzymatic hydrolysis, since it is rather attractive to several sectors, in addition to allowing the use of products generated thereof, such as: free fatty acids, diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols and free glycerol, moreover, it is capable of operating in mild temperature and pressure conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate alternatives for the hydrolysis of residual frying oil by evaluating the efficiency of different types of supports and heating systems using free and immobilized forms of lipase from Burkholderia cepacia (BCL) and Porcine pancreas (PPL) as biocatalyst. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), niobium oxide (Nb2O5) and chitosan (CHIT) were evaluated as support for immobilizing BCL and PPL lipases, and superior results were found regarding the hydrolytic activity of immobilization derivatives using PHB and Nb2O5. Among the heating systems under evaluation, the highest percentage of residual oil hydrolysis was found using the ultrasound system for both free and immobilized lipases, reaching 57.91% hydrolysis for lipases immobilized on Nb2O5 and 61.11% hydrolysis for the derivative immobilized on PHB. The operational stability of both biocatalysts was evaluated using similar half-life time values for both. Thus, it was observed that the ultrasound system was efficient in improving lipase performance in the hydrolysis of free fatty acids, once this unconventional heating system is quite promising for accelerating such enzymatic reactions. sectors problems thereof acids diacylglycerols glycerol moreover conditions Therefore (BCL (PPL biocatalyst PHB, , (PHB) NbO Nb O (Nb2O5 CHIT (CHIT evaluation 5791 57 91 57.91 Nb2O 6111 61 11 61.11 halflife half life Thus reactions (PHB (Nb2O 579 5 9 57.9 611 6 1 61.1 57. 61.

Abstract The honey bee Apis mellifera is a plant-pollinator that produces commercial products. It has female castes with workers performing tasks in the colonies and a queen, it has the longest lifespan, in charge of reproduction. This bee undergoes a population decline worldwide. Therefore, it is important to understand how aging affects the digestive tract of this insect. In the midgut, regenerative cells are organized in nests replacing the dead cells. This study verified the hypothesis that the number of regenerative cells decreases as A. mellifera queen ages. The midgut was evaluated in queens at the age of four days and eight, 11 and 25 months. The midgut of 11- and 25-month-old queens presented signs of epithelial disorganization in comparison with younger queens. The number of regenerative cell nests in the midgut decreases according to the age of the queen, but the number of cells per nest is similar. The decreased number of regenerative cell nests reveals a potential loss in the amount of these cells available for the renewal of the midgut epithelium. The absence of variations in the number of regenerative cells per nest according to the queen age indicates that these cells do not undergo proliferation before the differentiation. plantpollinator plant pollinator products lifespan reproduction worldwide Therefore insect A ages eight 1 2 months 25monthold monthold month old similar epithelium differentiation

Abstract In this paper, the steady state performance characteristics of a separately excited DC motor fed by a non-isolated positive output DC-DC converter of high voltage gain Zeta topology are presented. The suggested Zeta converter configuration energized by a DC source is operated in continuous inductor current mode. The DC motor is mechanically coupled with a DC generator. The armature voltage and hence the speed of the motor is controlled by varying the duty ratio (k) of the converter for the given converter input voltage and generator-side load resistance. The proposed DC motor speed control scheme is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform for performance validation. The various performance measures such as torque, speed, armature current, armature voltage, load current, and efficiency for the motor-generator set are explored. The comparison of voltage gain of existing Zeta topologies and the voltage stress calculation are also illustrated. paper nonisolated non isolated DCDC presented mode generator k (k generatorside side resistance MATLABSIMULINK MATLAB SIMULINK validation torque motorgenerator explored illustrated

Abstract The development potential of byproducts from wastes of grape processing can be a promising alternative due to environmental questions. Moreover, there is the possibility of using this material in the development of products with added value. In this study, the wastes of grape skin (GSk), grape seed (GSe), and defatted grape seed with skin fragments (DGS) from ‘Ives noir’ grape (Vitis labrusca L.), grown under organic farming conditions, had their chemical composition and physical-chemical properties evaluated. Parameters of chemical composition, contents of phenolic compounds, total anthocyanins, flavonoids, and minerals, the antioxidant capacity, and water sorption capacity were evaluated. The wastes of grape were also analyzed by FTIR and TG/DTG. All residues had a high fiber content (54.1 - 74.3 wt.%), the DGS waste had the highest contents of phenolic compounds as flavonoids, and the GSk waste had the highest content of total anthocyanins. Antioxidant capacity values were higher in the ABTS+ method, with no statistical difference. On the other hand, in the DPPH antioxidant assay, the DGS and GSe wastes had higher antioxidant activity; these wastes also had greater thermal stability. The GSk waste had the highest water sorption capacity. The results show that the wastes from grape processing have the potential to be reused in applications with more value added. questions Moreover study GSk, , (GSk) GSe, (GSe) (DGS Ives noir Vitis L., L L. L.) conditions physicalchemical physical evaluated anthocyanins flavonoids minerals TGDTG TG DTG TG/DTG 54.1 541 54 1 (54. 743 74 3 74. wt.%, wt wt.% wt.%) ABTS method difference hand assay activity stability (GSk (GSe 54. 5 (54 7 wt. (5 (

Abstract Nano-sensor can directly monitor human motion, and transmit the data to the monitoring center through the micro-nano interface, which can be analyzed and processed based on real-time monitoring data under the premise of execution capability. Due to the defense human motion posture trajectory data containing rapidly changing angular velocity and acceleration, it is difficult to perform fine localization and analysis during rapid motion. Therefore, a trajectory method for defense human motion posture based on nano-sensor is proposed. First, nano-sensor monitoring nodes are arranged to set up the defense data mining process and initially obtain the defense human motion posture trajectory data. Second, the collected data are used to build a trajectory description model to match the trajectory states under different virtual forces. Finally, according to the trajectory state conversion of human running trajectory coordinate system, using the gravitational model to determine the attraction and repulsion of the defending human, to achieve the deep mining of defense posture data. The results show that the proposed method can classify the five defense poses more accurately than other traditional methods, and the accuracy of defensive posture recognition is high. It can truly restore the execution of tactics, arrange the offensive and defense positions of personnel, and better design the defense and offensive strategies of personnel. Nanosensor Nano sensor micronano micro nano interface realtime real time capability acceleration Therefore nanosensor First Second forces Finally system methods high tactics personnel

Abstract Chives are one of the most popular spice plants in world cuisine. It is usually produced by small producers, often in an organic farming system. However, research with chives in this production system is lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the production of chives with the use of organic fertilizers before planting and in top dressing. Seven treatments were evaluated, resulting from the factorial 2x3+1, with two organic fertilizers (castor bean cake and hoof and horn powder) x 3 application modes (100% before planting; 100% in top dressing; 50% before planting and 50% in top dressing) + 1 control (without these organic fertilizers). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with five replications and plots of 1 m2. The relative index of chlorophyll (“Spad” index), height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of the plants were evaluated. All treatments of the factorial were better than the control, showing that these organic fertilizers improve production in chives. It is recommended to use the hoof and horn powder in installments (50% before planting and 50% in top dressing) or 100% in top dressing, the latter option being more interesting for reducing the need for labor, with just one application moment. cuisine producers However lacking dressing evaluated 2x31 2x3 2x3+1 castor 100 (100 50 without fertilizers. . fertilizers) blocks m2 m Spad (“Spad index, , index) height leaves (50 labor moment 2x 2x3+ 10 (10 5 (5 (1 (

Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and changes in lipoprotein. Literature data suggest that cholesterol associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDLc) plays a protective role against albuminuria and diabetic nephropathy. These factors are related with changes in serum apolipoproteins such Apo A-I. This work aims to evaluate the correlation of apolipoprotein A-I with renal function in diabetic outpatients. Samples were collected from 281 outpatients for analyses of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine (SCr), urea (BUN), cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDLc) and estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Urinary samples were obtained to assess urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR). Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) was calculated to estimate insulin resistance. The mean age was 61,5 ± 16,4 years. Most patients were female, Afro-Mestizo and over 50 years of age. Pearson's revealed negative correlation of creatinine with HDLc and Apo A-I. There was a correlation of eGFR with HbA1c, TG and HDLc. TyG presented a negative correlation with Apo A-I and HDLc. The highest quartiles of UACR presented the highest TyG and the lowest Apo A-I. In conclusion, Apo A-I indicated an association with insulin resistance and changes in renal function parameters, especially as a factor associated with the onset of albuminuria, with a better predictive potential than the HDLc. DM (DM CKD (CKD highdensity high density (HDLc nephropathy AI. AI A I. I 28 HbA1c HbAc , HbA c (HbA1c) SCr, SCr (SCr) BUN, BUN (BUN) TC, TC (TC) TG, (TG) HDLcholesterol HDL eGFR. . (eGFR) UACR. (UACR) Triglycerideglucose Triglyceride glucose (TyG 615 61 5 61, 164 16 4 16, female AfroMestizo Afro Mestizo Pearsons Pearson s conclusion parameters 2 (HbA1c (SCr (BUN (TC (TG (eGFR (UACR 6 1