ABSTRACT Respiratory tract infections in poultry have become serious problems with negative consequences for poultry production. Among these diseases, mycoplasmosis and avian pneumoviruses stand out, which, despite being relevant in poultry health, have not been systematically investigated in Brazil, especially regarding the interaction between these agents or the occurrence of co-infection in broiler chickens. The present study investigated the occurrence of infection by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and subtypes A and B of avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) in broiler chickens from commercial poultry flocks kept on farms with high biosecurity standards and located in the Southeast and Midwest regions of Brazil. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription nested-PCR techniques were applied to detect and/or identify, respectively, MG and aMPV in samples of nasal and tracheal swabs collected between 2017 and 2018, from 87 batches of broiler chickens from 15 commercial production farms that showed respiratory clinical signs. Two out of 87 batches sampled (2.3%) were positive for MG, while none of them were positive for aMPV. The low or no incidence of these pathogens can be explained by the adoption of increasingly effective health control measures for these agents on farms with high biosecurity standards. In addition, there are clues that other bacterial and viral infectious agents may be involved in the etiology of respiratory problems of these broiler chickens, which showed clinical signs of respiratory diseases upon sample collection. Brazil coinfection co (MG (aMPV PCR (PCR nestedPCR nested andor identify respectively 201 2018 8 1 2.3% 23 2 3 (2.3% addition collection 20 2.3 (2.3 2. (2. (2 (

ABSTRACT Vesicular stomatitis virus is the causative agent of the vesicular stomatitis disease, which mainly affects cattle, swine, and horses causing significant economic losses. Many other animal species, including humans, can be also affected by the disease. Up to now, the epidemiology of vesicular stomatitis disease is not well understood. Previous epidemiological studies in Central America described the existence of an association between the presence of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus antibodies and environmental risk factors such as mean annual rainfall, temperature, and elevation. Additionally, molecular epidemiology studies revealed that the phylogenetic relationship between vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus isolates is more related to ecological factors than temporal factors. We have performed a genetic analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus samples isolated from animals in different geographical regions in Venezuela. We sequenced the hypervariable region of the phosphoprotein gene of 51 samples collected over eight years. The virus was found in a wide range of environmental conditions, at high and low altitudes and with variable levels of precipitation and temperatures. In contrast with previous reports, our phylogenetic analysis showed that viruses from different ecological regions did not present significant genetic differences. cattle swine losses species humans now understood rainfall temperature elevation Additionally Venezuela 5 years conditions temperatures reports differences

ABSTRACT The horizontal transmission of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana Unioeste 76 strain among adults of Euschistus heros was evaluated in the laboratory and greenhouse using sporulated cadavers and live insects contaminated as a source of inoculate. Adult insects in the laboratory bioassay either received treatments with dry conidia or were sprayed with an oily dispersion formulation, and the treatments were comprised of 10, 30, or 50% of contaminated insects. For the greenhouse bioassay, nylon cages were prepared, with soybean plants grown in pots. A total of 20 healthy brown stink bugs were released along with one or three sporulated cadavers of brown stink bugs, attached to the plant stem. In the bioassay with live insects, 20 stink bugs were released, and the treatments were comprised of 10, 30, or 50% contaminated insects (2:18, 6:14, and 10:10, fungus-treated insects : healthy insects). In all experiments, the control group was comprised only of healthy insects. Dead stink bugs were daily disinfested and transferred to a wet chamber for confirmation of death by fungus. Confirmed mortality was observed, which shows the occurrence of horizontal transmission. Mortality was higher when more contaminated insects were used in the population, in most treatments. The occurrence of transmission in the laboratory and the greenhouse emphasizes the potential of the Unioeste 76 strain as mortality agent and as an agent for maintaining the inoculum potential for the brown stink bug. 7 inoculate formulation 10 30 50 prepared pots 2 stem 218, 218 18, 18 (2:18 614, 614 6 14, 14 6:14 1010, 1010 10:10 fungustreated treated . insects) experiments observed population bug 1 3 5 21 (2:1 61 6:1 101 10:1 (2: 6: 10: (2 (

ABSTRACT The state of Bahia has the third largest equine herd in Brazil, with the horse industry overtaking several sectors of the economy currently. However, animals may be exposed to several pathogenic agents, especially the equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus. EIA is a persistent viral disease with a worldwide distribution and is considered the main infectious disease in horses. Therefore, this study sought data from serological survey EIA in Itapé and Barro Preto municipalities, inserted in the southern Coastal Identity Territory of Bahia, by using the agar gel immunodiffusion test. A total of 1,880 blood serum samples from Equidae older than 6 months were analyzed from 172 properties. The general prevalence of outbreaks was 25.58% (44/172), presenting 40.47% (34/84) in Barro Preto (cocoa zone) and 11.36% (10/88) in Itapé (livestock zone). The prevalence of positive animals in Itapé was 1.01% and in Barro Preto 12.15%. Each assessed property received a questionnaire with emphasis on sanitary management and a booklet containing basic disease information. It was concluded the EIA is endemic in two epidemiologically distinct areas in the Southern Coastal Identity Territory of Bahia, one with a high prevalence in the cocoa zone for both animals and properties, and the other, in livestock zone, with a significantly low prevalence for animals, however also high for properties. Regarding the risk factors, there was a correlation between the species and age of the animals. Mules and the elderly showed a significant association, probably due to the habitat they live in and longer exposure to the virus. Brazil currently However agents (EIA virus horses Therefore municipalities test 1880 1 880 1,88 17 properties 2558 25 58 25.58 44/172, 44172 44/172 , 44 (44/172) 4047 40 47 40.47 34/84 3484 34 84 (34/84 1136 11 36 11.36 10/88 1088 10 88 (10/88 zone. . 101 01 1.01 1215 12 15 12.15% information other factors association 188 1,8 255 2 5 25.5 4417 44/17 4 (44/172 404 40.4 34/8 348 3 8 (34/8 113 11.3 10/8 108 (10/8 0 1.0 121 12.15 18 1, 25. 441 44/1 (44/17 40. 34/ (34/ 11. 10/ (10/ 1. 12.1 44/ (44/1 (34 (10 12. (44/ (3 (1 (44 ( (4

ABSTRACT The black aphid Aphis craccivora (Koch, 1854) stands out between the bugs considered cowpea pests. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of silicon application on the resistance induction of cowpea plants to the black aphid A. craccivora. The experiment was conducted in the Entomology Laboratory of the Phytosanitary sector of the Centro de Ciências Agrárias at the Universidade Federal do Piauí. The effects of the application of silicon on biological aspects were evaluated using a completely randomized design, with four treatments and 40 repetitions, being: silicon in soil (T1), silicon in soil + leaf (T2), silicone leaf (T3), and control (T4). The following biological variables were evaluated: generation period, reproductive period, fecundity, and daily average of nymphs per female. The silicon and lignin contents were also evaluated in the plants. The silicic acid was applied in a 1% solution around the stem of the plants (soil), 15 days after emergence, by diluting 2 g of the product in 200 mL of water. However, the leaf application was carried out with sprayer five days after application in soil. The non-preference of A. craccivora on bean was also evaluated. The evaluations were performed after 24, 48 and 72 hours of infestation by counting nymphs at 24, 48 and 72 hours and adults at each leaf session. The application of silicon promotes the reduction of the production of nymphs, interfering in the biological aspects of A. craccivora, and has potential to be used in a cowpea pest management program in cowpea. Koch, Koch (Koch 1854 pests A Piauí design 4 repetitions being T1, T1 T , (T1) T2, T2 (T2) T3, T3 (T3) T4. T4 . (T4) period fecundity female 1 soil, (soil) emergence 20 water However nonpreference non preference 24 7 session 185 (T1 (T2 (T3 (T4 (soil 18 (T

ABSTRACT Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), also known as the cotton aphid, is a notable pest of several crops. Its damage can be direct and indirect. The direct damage is due to its feeding, which causes leaf shriveling, deformation of shoots, and loss of plant vigor. The pest’s indirect damage is through virus transmission to cotton. In Brazil, A. gossypii is considered as a pest to several crops, but there are no references to infestations of this aphid in soybeans. The objectives of this manuscript were to report the presence of A. gossypii infesting and colonizing soybean crops in São Paulo state, Brazil, and to alert the scientific community and farmers about this possible new pest in Brazilian soybean fields. Hemiptera (Hemiptera Aphididae, Aphididae , Aphididae) feeding shriveling shoots vigor pests s Brazil A soybeans state fields

ABSTRACT Aiming to the red mite Oligonychus yothersi control in yerba-mate, the systemic action of an azadirachtin-based product (12 g of azadirachtin.L-1) was evaluated in the laboratory. To assess the activity on oviposition and mortality of the mite (1), three weekly applications of the product in an aqueous solution (30, 48, and 66 mg i.a..L-1) were performed. The applications were carried out in the soil, next to the base of yerba mate seedlings. After seven days of each application, leaves were removed for infestation with 15 adult mite females. To evaluate the activity in the development, survival, and reproduction of the progeny (2), yerba mate seedlings were irrigated with azadirachtin solution of 30 mg i.a..L-1 (recommended concentration). After seven days, leaves were removed and infested with adult females for oviposition and observation of the progeny. Reduction in fecundity (from 23.7 to 44.2%), fertility (27.4 to 48.1%), and an increase in mortality from 14.6 to 47.5% were observed in females fed on azadirachtin-treated plants. Continuous feeding on plants treated with azadirachtin solution significantly reduced oviposition, pre-oviposition period, and longevity of males. In addition, the viability of the egg-adult, and the duration of the egg-adult period increased. The potential of azadirachtin for the control of O. yothersi and its action from the irrigation of yerba mate plants was confirmed. yerbamate, yerbamate mate, yerba-mate azadirachtinbased based 12 (1 azadirachtin.L1 azadirachtinL1 azadirachtinL azadirachtin.L 1 L azadirachtin.L-1 laboratory 1, , (1) 30, (30 48 6 i.a..L1 iaL1 iaL i.a..L i a performed soil application development survival 2, 2 (2) 3 i.a..L- recommended concentration. concentration . concentration) 237 23 7 23. 44.2%, 442 44.2% 44 44.2%) 27.4 274 27 4 (27. 48.1%, 481 48.1% 48.1%) 146 14 14. 475 47 5 47.5 azadirachtintreated preoviposition pre males addition eggadult, eggadult egg adult, increased O confirmed ( L1 azadirachtin.L- (3 (2 44.2 27. (27 48.1 47. 44. 48.

ABSTRACT White mold, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a disease of agronomic importance that affects crops such as soybeans and beans. Considered an aggressive pathogen, it causes symptoms in different parts of the plant, and its control is difficult due to the formation of resistance structures called sclerotia, which allow it to survive in the soil for long periods. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different concentrations of pyroligneous extract (PE) from sugar cane in suppressing the carpogenic germination of S. sclerotiorum in vitro. The concentrations tested were 0; 1,000; 2,000; 3,000; 4,000 and 5,000 ppm. The extract was incorporated into water agar medium and poured into gerbox boxes with 20 sclerotia. The total number of sclerotia with emission of stipes and apothecia, the total number of sclerotia with emission of stipes and the total number of sclerotia with apothecia were quantified. There was a significant difference in carpogenic germination between the treatments evaluated. Increasing concentrations of sugarcane PE negatively affected the carpogenic germination of sclerotia, the number of stipes per sclerotium and the number of apothecia formed per sclerotium. It was found that sugarcane PE did not inhibit the formation of stipes, but made it difficult to differentiate them into apothecium, especially at the concentration of 5,000 ppm. Sugarcane PE at concentrations of 4,000 and 5,000 ppm promoted reduction in the percentage of germinated sclerotia, as well as in the number of apothecia per sclerotium. mold beans pathogen plant periods (PE S vitro 0 1,000 1000 1 000 2,000 2000 2 3,000 3000 3 4000 4 4,00 5000 5 5,00 quantified evaluated apothecium 1,00 100 00 2,00 200 3,00 300 400 4,0 500 5,0 1,0 10 2,0 3,0 30 40 4, 50 5, 1, 2, 3,

ABSTRACT Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) is an important pest in the food and tobacco industry in many regions of the world. A species of polyphagic behavior, despite being a pest capable of successfully breeding and developing in a complex variety of products based on grains, spices and animal by-products, there are few occurrences of this species in the northern region of Brazil. This study was carried out to report the occurrence of L. serricorne in rice grains in the city of Rio Branco, in the state of Acre. In June 2020, the presence of developing L. serricorne was observed in rice grain mass. Identification was performed at the species level using available dichotomous keys. As it is the first record of L. serricorne in rice grains in the city of Rio Branco, the monitoring of insects in the mass of rice grains is necessary for investigation in the search for methods for the management of stored grain pests. Coleoptera (Coleoptera Anobiidae world behavior byproducts, byproducts by products, by-products Brazil L Branco Acre 2020 keys pests 202 20 2

ABSTRACT Leptospirosis is an important zoonosis. The World Health Organization recommends the use of microscopic soroagglutination in the diagnosis of the disease. However, this is a time-consuming technique that offers a risk of contamination to the performer and requires a trained professional. The indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test presents less risk, is faster, and has lower cost benefit for high sampling. In view of the advantages of using the test, and the importance of the development of techniques that facilitate and make the diagnosis more efficient, the objective of this study was to standardize an indirect ELISA technique using an immunogenic protein of Leptospira spp. for the diagnosis of canine leptospirosis. The standardized test obtained a cut off of 0.314, 76% of sensitivity, 34% of specificity, 53.52% of positive predictive value, 58.62 of negative predictive value, and 55% of accuracy. The protein extraction technique was efficient for antigen production, and the standardized test can be used in the diagnosis of canine leptospirosis. zoonosis disease However timeconsuming time consuming professional enzymelinked enzyme linked (ELISA faster sampling spp leptospirosis 0314 0 314 0.314 76 sensitivity 34 specificity 5352 53 52 53.52 value 5862 58 62 58.6 55 accuracy production 031 31 0.31 7 3 535 5 53.5 586 6 58. 03 0.3 53. 0.

ABSTRACT The obstacles in Phakopsora pachyrhizi management result especially from susceptible soybean genotypes and resistant fungal strains. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the applicability of the emission of extremely low and specific frequencies by Effatha technology in the soybean Asian rust control, nutrition, and its impact on yield. The in-vivo test followed the detached leaves method, with six treatments: frequencies 1 and 2 individually and in association; the conventional chemical treatment (fungicide azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr); and witnesses in presence and absence of the fungus. Frequency 1 relates to inhibition of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase and 2 to ubiquinone oxidase. In the field, frequencies 1 and 2 associated (with the same fungicidal action of the in-vivo study); nutritional frequency; application of azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr + mancozeb, and control without application were evaluated. In vivo, the fungicide provided 85% control of the disease symptoms, against 65% of frequencies 1 and 2 in association, which showed a higher efficiency compared to the isolated frequencies. In the field, the rate of increase of symptoms were reduced by all treatments compared to the control. At the end of the soybean cycle, the conventional fungicide resulted in 33% severity against 56% of frequencies 1 and 2 associated, and 69.2% of the control. The emission of the frequency for increased nutrient efficiency stood out positively on yield in relation to all the other ones. The conventional application provided the highest weight of 1,000 grains, possibly a direct reflection of the better control of the disease. strains nutrition invivo vivo method association benzovindiflupyr) fungus oxidase field study) mancozeb evaluated 85 65 cycle 33 56 692 69 69.2 ones 1000 000 1,00 grains 8 6 3 5 69. 100 00 1,0 10 0 1,

ABSTRACT The importance of in-vitro tests using larvae and adults of the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in investigating new inputs for its biological control serves as a basis for continuation of field experiments. This article presents in-vitro efficacy data on the fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum (IBCB 130) tested using larvae and engorged females of the tick R. microplus according to modified techniques of SHAW (1966) and MONTEIRO (2014). The efficacy results from the tests on engorged females ranged from 99.6 at the highest concentration used (2x109 conidia/mL) to 51% at the lowest concentration (1x107 conidia/mL). The 50, 90 and 99% lethal concentrations found in the tests on larvae were, respectively, 5.1x108, 5.2x109, and 3.3x1011 conidia/mL. The results from this investigation have enabled field experiments to control the tick R. microplus using the IBCB 130 isolate of the fungus P. lilacinum. invitro vitro Boophilus (Boophilus R 1966 (1966 2014. 2014 . (2014) 996 99 6 99. 2x109 x (2x10 conidia/mL conidiamL conidia mL 51 1x107 (1x10 50 9 were respectively 51x108 5 1x108 5.1x108 52x109 5.2x109 33x1011 3 3x1011 3.3x101 13 P 196 (196 201 (2014 2x10 (2x1 1x10 (1x1 51x10 5.1x10 52x10 5.2x10 33x101 3x101 3.3x10 1 19 (19 20 (201 2x1 (2x 1x1 (1x 51x1 5.1x1 52x1 5.2x1 33x10 3x10 3.3x1 (1 2 (20 2x 1x 51x 5.1x 52x 5.2x 33x1 3x1 3.3x ( (2 33x 3x

ABSTRACT Among the management and control tactics of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), there is the use of entomopathogenic fungi. Due to the importance of prospecting isolates of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of the coffee berry borer, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of 26 isolates of entomopathogenic fungi in the control of this insect pest in the laboratory. The coffee berry borers were immersed in a solution adjusted to the concentration of 1 to 3 × 108 conidia/mL of each isolate and the control treatment (sterilized water). After seven days total mortality and confirmed mortality were evaluated. The isolates that caused the highest mortality and two commercial isolates were selected for evaluation of lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) and lethal time (LT50 and LT90). Coffee berry borers were treated at different conidia concentrations for lethal concentration to assess total and confirmed mortality. For a lethal time, the coffee berry borers were treated at the concentration of 108 conidia/mL of the selected isolates, and, after two days and every 24 hours until the eighth day, the number of dead individuals was verified. Among the 26 isolates evaluated, 24 presented mortality higher than the control treatment, and three presented mortality higher than 85%. In the LC50 and LC90 assays, the IBCB 353 and IBCB 364 isolates were more lethal to H. hampei. In the LT50 and LT90 assays, the IBCB 66 and IBCB 353 isolates caused lethality in a shorter time. Ferrari, Ferrari , (Ferrari) 2 laboratory 10 conidiamL mL sterilized water. water . water) evaluated LC (LC5 LT (LT5 LT90. LT90) day verified 85 85% LC5 LC9 assays 35 36 H LT5 LT9 6 (Ferrari (LC (LT 8

ABSTRACT Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) can cause a reduction up to 50% in the production of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Genetic resistance is considered an important component in the management of nematodes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of 12 sugarcane genotypes when subjected to parasitism by Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita under controlled conditions in a plant growth chamber. Four experiments were carried out in randomized blocks with 12 treatments and four replicates for M. javanica and three replicates for M. incognita. The treatments were the sugarcane genotypes: RB966928 (susceptibility pattern), RB026842, RB036168, RB036145, RB036065, RB966229, RB036066, RB036068, RB046209, RB036163, RB036153, and RB036059. Each repetition consisted of a 2-L pot with previously autoclaved substrate (1:1 of sand and soil), and a pre-sprouted seedling was transplanted. From pure populations of M. javanica and M. incognita, approximately 2,000 eggs and eventual J2 were inoculated per pot. After 120 days, the final population of nematodes in the root and soil was counted using an optical light microscope and Peters slide, and the reproduction factor (RF) was calculated. Plants that presented RF < 1 were considered resistant, and plants that presented RF > 1 were considered susceptible. Among the 12 genotypes evaluated, 66% were susceptible to parasitism by M. javanica. The genotypes RB046209, RB036163, RB036153, and RB036059 were classified as resistant to M. javanica parasitism. For the species M. incognita, the susceptible genotypes represented 75% of the total, and the resistant genotypes were RB036163, RB036153, and RB036059. Rootknot Root knot spp. spp 50 Saccharum spp.. . Therefore chamber M RB RB96692 pattern, pattern , pattern) RB026842 RB036168 RB036145 RB036065 RB966229 RB036066 RB036068 RB046209 RB036163 RB036153 2L L 2 11 (1: soil, soil) presprouted pre sprouted transplanted 2000 000 2,00 J days slide (RF calculated evaluated 66 RB03605 75 total 5 RB9669 RB02684 RB03616 RB03614 RB03606 RB96622 RB04620 RB03615 (1 200 00 2,0 6 RB0360 7 RB966 RB0268 RB0361 RB9662 RB0462 ( 20 0 2, RB036 RB96 RB026 RB046 RB03 RB9 RB02 RB04 RB0