ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe the effects of melatonin associated with bacterial cellulose-based hydrogel on healing of skin wounds in diabetic rats. Methods: Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in Wistar rats. After wound induction, animals were randomly divided into groups GC, GDCC, GDCB, and GDMCB. Animals were evaluated in days 3, 7, and 14 for the following variables: glycemic levels, histopathological and histochemical analyses, healing rate, morphometry and C-reactive protein. Results: There was no change in glycemic levels in the diabetic animals as a result of the treatments; histopathological analyses showed better healing in GDCB and GDMCB groups, as well as histochemistry; at day 14, the highest healing rate was observed in animals from the GDMCB group, reaching almost 100%; morphometry revealed a significant increase of fibroblasts and reduction of macrophages and blood vessels in lesions treated with bacterial cellulose associated or not with melatonin when compared to the other experimental groups. There was also an increase in C-reactive protein in GDCC group at day 14. Conclusion: Bacterial cellulose-based dressings associated with systemic melatonin showed beneficial results in experimentally induced wounds in diabetic rats, favoring the healing process. Purpose cellulosebased based rats Methods induction GC 3 7 1 variables Creactive C reactive Results treatments histochemistry 100% 100 Conclusion process 10

ABSTRACT Purpose: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard for the treatment of gallbladder (GB) disease in small animals. The aims of this study were to investigate and compare the effect of different types of dissectors during LC in rabbits; electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing device (EBVS-LigaSure) and standard electrosurgical dissection (bipolar Maryland) for dissection of the GB in LC, correlating liver function tests (LFTs) in pre and postoperative periods (days 0, 3, 7, 15); macroscopic checking 15 days after surgery through necropsy; histopathological, bacteriological through bacterial growth by culture and intraoperative complications. Methods: Twenty rabbits were used, group (n = 10) using EBVS for GB dissection and cystic duct seal (GLL), and group (n = 10) using bipolar dissecting forceps and EVBS for cystic duct seal (GLE). Results: A higher concentration of alkaline phosphatase was observed on GLL 15 days after surgery when compared to GLE. In addition, GLE resulted in a higher concentration of alanine aminotransferase at three days when compared to GLL. Conclusion: In LC no significant statistical differences were found between EBVS and bipolar Maryland; both devices are equally safe and effective in LC. Further studies are required to evaluate the effectiveness of these devices in animals with gallbladder pathologies. Therefore, clinical studies are necessary. Purpose (LC (GB EBVSLigaSure LigaSure (EBVS-LigaSure Maryland LFTs (LFTs 0 3 7 15) 1 necropsy histopathological complications Methods used n 10 GLL, , (GLL) . (GLE) Results addition Conclusion pathologies Therefore necessary (GLL (GLE

ABSTRACT Purpose: Artesunate (ART) has been implicated in regulating the many processes of liver injury, but its roles in liver regeneration still need to be illustrated. Methods: In the present study, ART was used to pretreat hepatocyte cell line NCTC1469 to study the effect of ART on hepatocyte proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, the potency of ART as a regimen to promote liver regeneration and restore liver function was evaluated following partial hepatectomy (PH) on C57BL/6 mice. Results: ART concentration-dependently promoted hepatocyte proliferation and reduced apoptosis. Cell cycle and Ki-67 immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that ART supplementation promoted the proliferation of hepatocytes and accelerated liver regeneration. Our results provided evidence that ART improved liver function in a dose-dependent manner, as indicated by decreased serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and increased albumin, and hepatocyte growth factor levels in PH mice. Meanwhile, ART promoted the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in NCTC1469 cells and liver tissue of PH mice. In addition, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 blocked the promotion effect of ART on hepatocyte proliferation and cell cycle progression. Conclusion: ART promoted hepatocyte proliferation via activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which was beneficial to liver regeneration of PH-induced liver injury. Purpose (ART injury illustrated Methods NCTC NCTC146 vitro Furthermore (PH C57BL6 CBL C57BL 6 C BL C57BL/ mice Results concentrationdependently concentration dependently apoptosis Ki67 Ki 67 Ki-6 dosedependent dose dependent manner aminotransferase albumin Meanwhile PI3KAktmTOR PIKAktmTOR Akt mTOR PI K addition PIK LY LY29400 progression Conclusion pathway PHinduced induced NCTC14 Ki6 Ki- KAktmTOR LY2940 NCTC1 LY294 LY29 LY2

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare robotic versus laparoscopic colectomies in colon cancer patients in general complications. Methods: Nine databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating patients with colon cancer, submitted to robotic surgery (RS) compared to a laparoscopic (LC) approach. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0 tool, and certainty of the evidence was evaluated by Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Data synthesis was performed using the software R. The meta-analysis of the included studies was carried out using the fixed-effects model (DerSimonian and Laird). Heterogeneity was measured using I2 analysis. Results: A total of four studies were used with 293 patients. Three studies were used in this comparative LC vs. RS when evaluating infection rates on surgical wound sites. The odds ratio (OR) appeared to be slightly favorable to LC (OR = 3.05; 95% confidence interval–95%CI 0.78–11.96). In the hospitalization rates analysis, two randomized controlled trials were used, and the mean differences slightly favored the RS (MD = -0.54; 95%CI -2.28–1.19). GRADE evaluation detected a serious risk of bias due to RCT format and RoB-2 concurred. Conclusion: Both types of procedures seem to have their own benefits, risks, and limitations. They seem close to equal in terms of postsurgical infection and hospitalization. Purpose complications Methods (RCT (RS (LC approach 20 2 0 2. tool Recommendations Assessment GRADE. . (GRADE) R metaanalysis meta analysis fixedeffects fixed effects DerSimonian Laird. Laird Laird) I Results 29 vs sites OR 3.05 305 3 05 95 interval95CI intervalCI interval CI 0.78–11.96. 0781196 0.78–11.96 78 11 96 0.78–11.96) MD 0.54 054 54 -0.54 95CI 2.28–1.19. 228119 2.28–1.19 28 1 19 -2.28–1.19) RoB2 RoB- concurred Conclusion benefits risks limitations (GRADE 3.0 30 9 078119 0.78–11.9 7 0.5 5 -0.5 22811 2.28–1.1 -2.28–1.19 3. 07811 0.78–11. 0. -0. 2281 2.28–1. -2.28–1.1 0781 0.78–11 -0 228 2.28–1 -2.28–1. 078 0.78–1 - 22 2.28– -2.28–1 07 0.78– 2.28 -2.28– 0.78 2.2 -2.28 0.7 -2.2 -2. -2

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the effects of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on the healing of intestinal sutures in rats. Methods: Forty rats were distributed into four groups. Two groups were treated with a standard diet and considered nourished (I and II). Two other groups were treated with cornmeal and considered malnourished (III and IV). All animals underwent cecotomy and cecorrhaphy. Groups II and IV had sutures overlapped with human PRF membrane. The following parameters were evaluated: animal weight, death, rupture site, rupture pressure, collagen, and reticulin dosage in the suture line. Results: The use of PRF did not influence deaths, rupture pressure or rupture location. For malnourished animals, a significant difference was observed in relation to the rupture site, corresponding to the suture line (p = 0.038) and reticulin dosage (p = 0.040), when PRF was used. There was no difference in relation to burst pressures. Conclusions: The use of PRF did not influence intestinal healing in nourished rats. In the group of malnourished animals, its use favored healing. Purpose plateletrich platelet rich (PRF Methods I II. . II) III IV. IV) cecorrhaphy membrane evaluated weight death site collagen Results deaths location p 0.038 0038 0 038 0.040, 0040 0.040 , 040 0.040) used pressures Conclusions 0.03 003 03 004 0.04 04 0.0 00 0.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The limitations in cancer treatment and the inadequacy of classical methods have made it necessary to discover therapeutics in cancer treatment. The cytotoxicity of thymoquinone, which has quite different properties in terms of biological activities, in ovarian cancer cells, and the changes in the expression levels of apoptotic genes (p53/caspase-3 (casp-3)) were investigated. Methods: In the study, thymoquinone (5, 50, 100, 250 and 500 µM and 24, 48, 72 hours) were applied to ovarian adenocarcinoma cancer cell line (OVCAR3), at different concentrations. Cytotoxic effect of thymoquinone on OVCAR-3 cells were analyzed by MTT method, and apoptotic and pro-apoptotic gene expression levels (p53, Casp-3) of thymoquinone in cancer cells were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Thymoquinone, whose effect has been revealed in many types of cancer, was shown to significantly reduce the viability of OVCAR3 cancer cells depending on the dose and time (p < 0.05). It was also determined that Casp-3 and p53 gene expressions increased in OVCAR3 cells. Conclusions: Considering the in-vitro cytotoxic activity and apoptotic gene expressions of thymoquinone, an important treatment agent, since it is a promising agent for the future of cancer treatment, more comprehensive studies may pave the way for its clinical use. Purpose activities p53/caspase3 p53caspase3 pcaspase p53/caspase 3 caspase p (p53/caspase- casp3 casp (casp-3) investigated Methods study 5, 5 (5 50 100 25 24 48 7 hours OVCAR3, OVCAR , (OVCAR3) concentrations OVCAR- method proapoptotic pro p53, (p53 Casp3 Casp realtime real reaction Results Thymoquinone 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) Casp- p5 Conclusions invitro vitro use caspase3 p53caspase (p53/caspase (casp-3 ( 10 2 4 (OVCAR3 (p5 00 0.0 (casp- 1 (OVCAR 0. (casp

ABSTRACT Purpose: To develop and validate a trans oral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) simulator. Methods: The first phase of the project consisted of designing and developing a transoral thyroid surgery simulator based on real surgeries. The product has the oral cavity for attaching the three trocars and the cervical part containing the thyroid and adjacent structures. In the second phase, the simulator was validated by specialists who performed an endoscopic thyroidectomy procedure. They all filled a questionnaire about the simulator and the simulation based on the Likert scale. Results: The simulator consists of a console similar to a human bust and a high-resolution camera system connected to a 22-inch monitor. The simulator had excellent results in the visual evaluation (face validity), with 100% of responses between good and excellent for the following characteristics: synthetic structures, design, visibility of the surgery field, resistance, resilience, fulcrum effect, ergonomics, surgical material, and practicality. The last three were rated higher, with more votes for excellent. For content validity, the items that received the best ratings were, precisely, the steps relating to the surgical procedure: opening the intermuscular midline, isthmotomy, and thyroidectomy. Conclusions: The thyroidectomy training box showed great ability to simulate a TOETVA, with satisfactory evaluations concerning its visual and content validation. Purpose TOETVA (TOETVA Methods surgeries structures procedure scale Results highresolution high resolution 22inch inch 22 monitor face validity , validity) 100 characteristics design field resistance resilience effect ergonomics material practicality higher precisely midline isthmotomy Conclusions validation 2 10 1