ABSTRACT Brazilwood is an endemic species of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and the microfungi associated with it are understudied. We present an extensive checklist of microfungi and report two new species discovered in the state of Bahia: Camposporium paubrasiliae sp. nov. and Xylomyces vesiculifer sp. nov. We also present seven new records of microfungal occurrence: Vermiculariopsiella arcicula Pasqualetti & Zucconi for the Americas, Junewangia lamma (Whitton, McKenzie & K.D.Hyde) W.A.Baker & Morgan-Jones, Monodictys abuensis (Chouhan & Panwar) V.Rao & de Hoog, and Sporidesmium altum (Preuss) M.B.Ellis for South America; and Phaeocandelabrum joseiturriagae R.F.Castañeda, Iturr., Heredia & M.Stadler, Sarcopodium circinatum Ehrenb., and Tetraploa ellisii Cooke, for Brazilwood. The checklist comprises 145 microfungal taxa, distributed among 94 genera, 49 families, 25 orders, seven classes, and three phyla, namely Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota. Furthermore, we provide a temporal analysis of the records and relevant bibliography on microfungi in Brazilwood, along with information on their ecological relationships and geographical distribution in Brazil. understudied Bahia sp nov occurrence Americas Whitton, Whitton (Whitton K.D.Hyde KDHyde K D Hyde WABaker W A Baker MorganJones, MorganJones Morgan Jones, Jones Morgan-Jones Chouhan Panwar VRao V Rao Hoog Preuss (Preuss MBEllis M B Ellis America RFCastañeda R F Castañeda R.F.Castañeda Iturr Iturr. MStadler Stadler M.Stadler Ehrenb Ehrenb. Cooke 14 taxa 9 genera 4 families 2 orders classes phyla Ascomycota Basidiomycota Mucoromycota Furthermore Brazil 1

ABSTRACT A scientific note is presented, commenting on the presence of Aristida achalensis Mez (Poaceae, Aristidoideae) and discussing the most related species within Peru. With the new taxon included the number of Aristida species in Peru increases to 21, and the distribution range of A. achalensis expands to South America, initially reported for Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil. This work includes a key that allows us to differentiate the species with a column between the lemma and the awns occurring in Peru. presented Poaceae, Poaceae (Poaceae Aristidoideae 21 America Argentina Bolivia Brazil 2

Abstract Traditional complementary and alternative therapies are the main targets for pharmaceutical agents. Natural biomolecules from medicinal plants are rich sources of drugs targeting the amelioration or prevention of different diseases with low adverse effects. Saudi Arabia's normal flora is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypotension, and GIT disturbance. In the current study, we used the GC/MS technique for the identification of the chemical composition of many medicinal herbs as Artemisia monosperma, Mentha longifolia, and Rumex nervosus, using methanol and chloroform extracts. Data obtained showed that terpenoids are the most active compound, identified as eucalyptol, menthol, 1,4-benzenediol, cyclobuta (1,2:3,4) dicyclopentene, eicosane, phytol, and heptacosane. The data endorse the conventional application of these plants for treating many diseases. The 1,8-cineole is present in various mouthwash brands, and it has been observed to exhibit anti-plaque and demonstrated antibacterial properties. Eucalyptol also has an anti-inflammatory effect that was assessed by measuring its relative potency compared to prednisolone in individuals suffering from severe asthma. It was concluded that these plant extracts are a promising new source of medications due to the presence of such phytochemicals and bioactive compounds. Further investigation is required to clarify their precise mechanisms of action in different disorders. agents effects Arabias Arabia s antiinflammatory, antiinflammatory anti inflammatory, inflammatory hypoglycemic hypolipidemic hypotension disturbance study GCMS GC MS monosperma longifolia nervosus compound eucalyptol menthol 1,4benzenediol, 14benzenediol benzenediol 1,4 benzenediol, 1 4 1,4-benzenediol 1,23,4 1234 1,2 3,4 2 3 (1,2:3,4 dicyclopentene eicosane phytol heptacosane 1,8cineole 18cineole cineole 1,8 8 brands antiplaque plaque properties asthma compounds disorders 4benzenediol 1,4benzenediol 14 1, 23 1,23, 123 12 34 3, (1,2:3, 8cineole 18 1,23 (1,2:3 (1,2: (1,2 (1, (1 (

Abstract Spatio-temporal variation in the quantity and quality of resources available to insects influence the strength and direction of interactions with plants, ultimately affecting the preference of insects and also plant performance. Florivory encompasses the consumption of floral resources and has both direct and indirect effects on plant reproduction and performance. In this study, we evaluated how synchronic flowering of phylogenetic-related plant species blooming in an urban landscape affected insect florivores. Flowers from six plant species belonging to the Bignoniaceae family were sampled and florivory was measured as the frequency of attacked flowers (florivory incidence) as well as the amount of floral area removed (florivory intensity). We detected species-specific variation in florivory incidence and intensity in the urban landscape and our spatial analysis indicated that plants that were close (< 200 m apart) and in simultaneous blooming had significantly correlated levels of florivory than plants that were far apart (almost 1 km). Our data indicates complex relationships between insects and flowers and we suggest that a throughout evaluation of insect community and dispersal ability is necessary to understand the patterns of florivory in trees, as well as its effects on plant reproduction and insect attraction. Spatiotemporal Spatio temporal performance study phylogeneticrelated phylogenetic related florivores intensity. . intensity) speciesspecific specific < ( 20 almost km. km km) trees attraction 2

Abstract Studies on the cultural importance of unconventional food plants (UFP) have been scarce, in contrast to a vast literature focusing on medicinal plants. We adopted the widely used criterion of cultural importance to study UFP used in two quilombola communities in Bahia State, northeastern Brazil. Free-listing was applied to identify known/used food plants in the communities, and semi-structured interviews were carried out to collect information about them. Statistical analyses were performed using a correlation matrix of importance values. A random sample of the numbers of citations per species indicated a strong correlation between cultivated and wild species. The average ages of the two communities were similar, but indicated an influence of age on their knowledge of non-conventional plants and their consumption. Both wild and cultivated species have relevant cultural importance. Deforestation, the lack of availability of unconventional food plants, and the ease of access to conventional and industrialized foods are all directly related to the low consumption of UFP, pointing to a lack of nutritional and health information in those communities. (UFP scarce State Brazil Freelisting Free listing knownused known semistructured semi structured them values similar nonconventional non Deforestation

Abstract We report the presence of Ceratopteris thalictroides based on a recent collection from northeastern Peru. This aquatic fern is widely distributed in the tropics, however, its presence in Peru remained uncertain and without a voucher until now. This finding increases to four the number of species of the subfamily Parkerioideae, Pteridaceae within Peru. tropics however now Parkerioideae