ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate leaf temperature, and watermelon yield components under wetted area percentages (PW) in irrigation located in the Agreste region of Northeastern Brazil. Two experiments were carried out in 2018 and 2019. The adopted statistical design was randomized blocks, with six replications and four treatments, in 2018: P1 = 13%, P2 = 14%, P3 = 19%, and P4 = 22%, in 2019: P5 = 12%, P6 = 15%, P7 = 16%, and P8 = 21% of PW. The meteorological variables analyzed were: air temperature (Ta) and rain. The experimental evaluations consisted of measuring the temperature of the plant’s vegetative canopy, tensiometry, mass, and BRIX. Air temperature was not a limiting factor for watermelon growth and development. The average was 195.88 mm, and the average leaf temperature of watermelon is 29.5 °C, a value lower than Ta. There was no statistically significant difference for fruit mass and BRIX, where the overall mean was 10.82 and 10.46 kg, respectively. Therefore, it is feasible to irrigate watermelon with wetted area percentages ranging from 12 to 22%, in localized irrigation systems, without generating physiological damage and reducing agricultural productivity and fruit quality. PW (PW Brazil 201 2019 blocks treatments P 13 13% 14 14% 19 19% 22 22% 12% 15 15% 16 16% 21 Ta (Ta rain plants plant s canopy tensiometry BRIX development 19588 195 88 195.8 mm 295 29 5 29. C °C 1082 10 82 10.8 1046 46 10.4 kg respectively Therefore 1 systems quality 20 2 1958 8 195. 108 10. 104 4

ABSTRACT The cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), reduces the productive potential of maize crops and is a difficult pest to manage. A management program using different methods could improve the control of E. lignosellus. Considering the potential of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) in reducing insect pest populations in soil, the objective of this study was to evaluate the virulence of these EPN and adjust their concentration for controlling E. lignosellus larvae under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. In the laboratory, the virulence of five EPN populations was tested; then, Heterorhabditis amazonensis MC01 was tested at four concentrations. In the greenhouse, H. amazonensis MC01 was tested at four concentrations and was applied to vessels containing maize plants and six larvae. After five days, mortality was evaluated, and means were compared using Tukey’s test (p-value < 0.05). Heterorhabditis amazonensis MC01 and S. carpocapsae All were equally virulent, reducing the larva population by more than 90%. The concentration of H. amazonensis MC01 that caused the highest mortality of larvae in the laboratory was 182 infective juveniles (IJ) larva-1. In the greenhouse, the nematode was also considered virulent to E. lignosellus since all concentrations tested caused larval mortality greater than 70%. borer Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera Pyralidae, Pyralidae , Pyralidae) manage E (EPN soil conditions then MC MC0 H days evaluated Tukeys Tukey s pvalue p value 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) S 90 90% 18 IJ (IJ larva1. larva1 1. 1 larva-1 70 70% 00 0.0 9 larva- 7 0.

ABSTRACT The inoculation of seeds with associative and growth-promoting bacteria is a prosperous mechanism to achieve high germinability rates and production of well-developed plants, in addition to the aspects related to the rhizogenic process in the clonal propagation of superior genotypes. Consequently, the objective of this work was to isolate endophytic bacteria from Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis plant tissues and evaluate its potential as a promoter in seed germination and rooting of P. taeda mini-cuttings. Hence, endophytic bacteria were isolated from Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis micro-plants grown in vitro and phenotypically characterized. From this collection of formed endophytic isolates, in addition to two Azospirillum brasilense commercial strains, seed germination and rooting tests of Pinus taeda L. mini-cuttings were established. Bacterial inoculation promoted the germination rate, germination speed and vigor of the seedlings. A. brasilense and CNPF 316 promoted an increase in the percentage of rooted mini-cuttings, number and average length of roots. The isolates present characteristics of plant growth-promoting bacteria, as they enhance the development of plant physiological and morphological stages. growthpromoting growth promoting welldeveloped well developed plants genotypes Consequently var P minicuttings. minicuttings mini cuttings. cuttings Hence microplants micro characterized strains L established rate seedlings A 31 minicuttings, cuttings, roots stages 3

ABSTRACT Paraná leads the Brazilian production of beans so that the cultivation system can restrain the root development of the plants. Limestone and agricultural gypsum can be alternatives to stimulate the development of roots, and it is necessary to establish criteria for their use. The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of bean plants subjected to liming and gypsum doses in a typical Dystrophic Red Argisol. The experiment was carried out in Umuarama, state of Paraná in PVC tubes (80 x 15 cm), growing Phaseolus vulgaris cultivar Pérola for 90 days. Treatments consisted of gypsum doses (0, 420, 670, 950, 1140, 1430, 3000, and 5320 kg ha-1) combined or not with lime application, in a factorial design (8 x 2) with four replications. At the end of the cycle, the aerial part of the plants and soil samples were collected for analysis. Gypsum doses benefited bean development, especially when associated with liming, which raised pH, Ca+2, and Mg+2 and reduced Al+3 in the soil. The doses of maximum technical efficiency of gypsum were 3291 and 2991 kg ha-1 for the treatments with and without liming, respectively, also increasing the Ca+2 and available P concentration in the soil. roots use Argisol Umuarama 80 1 cm, cm , cm) 9 days 0, 0 (0 420 670 950 1140 1430 3000 532 ha1 ha application 8 ( 2 replications cycle analysis pH Ca2 Ca Mg2 Mg Mg+ Al3 Al 3 Al+ 329 299 ha- respectively Ca+ 42 67 95 114 143 300 53 32 29 4 6 11 14 30 5

ABSTRACT Lippia alba (Mill.), popularly known bushy matgrass, is considered an aromatic and medicinal plant with physiotherapeutic characteristics, leading to its use in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and yield of the essential oil of Lippia alba (Mill.) after the occurrence of frost in southern Brazil. The study was carried out in an experimental area located at the Federal University of Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen Campus, in July 2014. The essential oil was extracted using the hydrodistillation technique for three hours after the start of boiling. The chemical composition of Lippia alba (Mill.) essential oil was identified through chromatographic analysis. The chemical composition of Lippia alba (Mill.) essential oil was not altered by frost. As for the yield, it was 0.311% before the frost and 0.363% after the frost. Mill., Mill Mill. , matgrass characteristics industries Therefore (Mill. Brazil Maria Campus 2014 boiling analysis 0311 0 311 0.311 0363 363 0.363 (Mill 201 031 31 0.31 036 36 0.36 20 03 3 0.3 2 0.

ABSTRACT With the objective of evaluate the use of residues as growing media for the yellow passion fruit seedlings, a randomized block experiment was carried out with treatments distributed in a 2 × 21 factorial scheme corresponding to fertilizer management (presence and absence of controlled-release fertilizer), and combination of growing media from five local agro-industrial wastes (bark of cupuaçu fruit, almond shell of castanha-do-brasil, lumps of acerola fruit, lumps of cajá fruit, and lumps of açaí fruit) and a commercial growing media, which tested pure and was combined in a 1:1 ratio. The variables measured were the seedling height; stem diameter; height: stem diameter ratio; number of leaves; shoot, root, and total dry matter; and Dickson quality index. The dates were submitted to univariate and multivariate analyzes. The pairwise combination of growing medias produced from the bark of cupuaçu fruit, almond shell of castanha-do-brasil, lumps of acerola fruit, lumps of cajá fruit, lumps of açaí fruit, and commercial growing media in a proportion of 1:1 and with the use of controlled-release fertilizer constitute an alternative for other growing medias in the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings. seedlings presence controlledrelease controlled release fertilizer, , fertilizer) agroindustrial agro industrial castanhadobrasil, castanhadobrasil castanha do brasil, brasil castanha-do-brasil 11 1 1: ratio height leaves shoot root matter index analyzes

ABSTRACT Despite the importance given to Silicon in the relief of stress in cultivated plants, there are no experimental studies on abiotic stresses that address this function of Si in plants under natural environments, aiming to identify responses that would indicate acclimatisation to the conditions at their place of origin. The goal of this study was to answer the following questions: 1) Does abiotic stress increase Si absorption? 2) Does the presence of Si stimulate biomass production in natural environments? and 3) Do plants from different environments display differences in Si absorption? To do so, Eugenia punicifolia was selected as a study species since it has a wide distribution, occurring in three different physiognomies: Coastal Savanna, Dense Deciduous Shrubland and Seasonal Deciduous Forest. The Si absorption varied depending on the temperature and this was directly related to increases in dry matter production in E. punicifolia plants, suggesting that this may be a relief mechanism for temperature and water stresses. Differences in the response to stress conditions may be a result of the phenotypic plasticity which occurs in E. punicifolia and suggests that plasticity could be a useful asset in the use of Si fertilizer for crops. origin questions 1 2 3 so distribution physiognomies Savanna Forest E crops

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to characterize the bioactive compounds present in sugarcane syrup, analyze the color, to evaluate the antioxidant activity as well as the stability of the bioactive compounds during a 60-day storage under freezing conditions. The experiment was conducted with five sugarcane varieties grown in Canguçu-RS. The content of carotenoids, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamin C and chlorophylls was determined, and also the antioxidant activity and color were also evaluated. The content of carotenoids (1.82-6.67µg.g), total phenolic compounds (191.06-226.54 mg EAG.L-1), flavonoids (70.73-189.57mg EQ.g-1), vitamin C (0.10-0.35 mg ascorbic acid .100g-1), total chlorophylls (36.13-37.67 g.kg-1), and percentage of antioxidant activity (50.92-68.76%) varied by cultivar. The content of chlorophyll b was higher than the content of chlorophyll a in all cultivars. The color analysis showed that the samples had a strong tendency to green and yellow color. The content of carotenoids increased during 60 days of storage, while the content of phenolic compounds and chlorophylls decreased. The percentage of antioxidant activity decreased after 30 days of storage. It can be concluded that the sugarcane grown in Canguçu-RS had a high content of bioactive compounds, adequate color and high antioxidant activity when compared to the literature. syrup 60day day conditions CanguçuRS. CanguçuRS Canguçu RS. RS determined evaluated 1.826.67µg.g, 182667µgg µgg 1.82 6.67µg.g , 1 82 6 67µg g µg (1.82-6.67µg.g) 191.06226.54 1910622654 191.06 226.54 191 06 226 54 (191.06-226.5 EAG.L1, EAGL1 EAGL EAG.L EAG L EAG.L-1) 70.73189.57mg 707318957mg 70.73 189.57mg 70 73 189 57mg EQ.g1, EQg1 EQg EQ.g EQ EQ.g-1) 0.100.35 010035 0.10 0.35 0 10 35 (0.10-0.3 .100g1, 100g1 .100g 100g .100g-1) 36.1337.67 36133767 36.13 37.67 36 13 37 67 (36.13-37.6 g.kg1, gkg1 gkg g.kg kg g.kg-1) 50.9268.76% 50926876 50.92 68.76% 50 92 68 76 (50.92-68.76% cultivar cultivars 3 literature 826 1.826.67µg.g 182 1.8 667µgg 8 (1.82-6.67µg.g 06226 191.06226.5 191062265 19106 191.0 22654 226.5 19 22 5 (191.06-226. L1 EAG.L1 EAG.L-1 73189 7073 70.7 18957mg 7 18 g1 EQ.g1 EQ.g-1 100 0.100.3 01003 010 0.1 035 0.3 (0.10-0. .100g1 .100g-1 1337 36.1337.6 3613376 3613 36.1 3767 37.6 (36.13-37. kg1 g.kg1 g.kg-1 9268 50.9268.76 5092687 5092 50.9 6876 68.76 9 (50.92-68.76 1. 0622 191.06226. 19106226 1910 191. 2265 226. 2 (191.06-226 EAG.L- 7318 707 70. EQ.g- 0.100. 0100 01 0. 03 (0.10-0 .100g- 133 36.1337. 361337 361 36. 376 37. (36.13-37 g.kg- 926 50.9268.7 509268 509 50. 687 68.7 (50.92-68.7 062 191.06226 1910622 (191.06-22 731 0.100 (0.10- 36.1337 36133 (36.13-3 50.9268. 50926 68. (50.92-68. 191.0622 191062 (191.06-2 (0.10 36.133 (36.13- 50.9268 (50.92-68 191.062 (191.06- (0.1 (36.13 50.926 (50.92-6 (191.06 (0. (36.1 (50.92- (191.0 (0 (36. (50.92 (191. ( (36 (50.9 (191 (3 (50. (19 (50 (1 (5

ABSTRACT The use of corn hybrids adapted to the soil and climate conditions of the cultivation region under adequate optimum plant density is a determining factor for the maximization of grain yield. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the productivity of corn hybrids under two sowing densities during the 2020/21 crop season in the medium-high Uruguay region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The corn hybrids AS1555 PRO3, B2401 PWU, B2418 VYHR, B2612 PWU, BG7061 YHR, DKB235 PRO3, NS45 VIP3, NS73 VIP3, NS80 VIP3, P2501, P3016 VYHR, P3565 PWU and 30F53 VYHR were submitted to densities of 66,667 and 88,889 plants ha-1, in a randomized block design with ten replications. Corn hybrids showed superior grain yield when subjected to the density of 88,889 plants ha-1 in the medium-high Uruguay region of Rio Grande do Sul, surpassing in most cases the state and national average yield of harvest 2020/21. Most of the corn hybrids used present potential for cultivation at higher sowing density than their respective recommendations. Considering the superior productivity of hybrids NS80 VIP3, B2401 PWU and NS73 VIP3, their cultivation under conditions similar to those of the study is recommended. sense 202021 2020 21 2020/2 mediumhigh medium high Sul AS AS155 PRO3 PRO B B240 B241 B261 BG BG706 YHR DKB DKB23 NS NS4 VIP3 VIP NS7 NS8 P2501 P P301 P356 F 30F5 66667 66 667 66,66 88889 88 889 88,88 ha1, ha1 ha 1, 1 replications ha- recommendations recommended 20202 202 2 2020/ AS15 B24 B26 BG70 DKB2 P250 P30 P35 30F 6666 6 66,6 8888 8 88,8 20 AS1 B2 BG7 P25 P3 666 66, 888 88, P2

ABSTRACT Knowledge on the viability of the seeds is important in the management of the Germplasm Bank, as it allows monitoring the longevity and the need for regeneration of the accessions. The objective was to validate the efficiency of the Gomez-Campo methodology for seed conservation by evaluating physical dormancy and physiological quality of 11 Stylosanthes spp. accessions stored between seven and 13 years in the Forage Germplasm Bank of the State University of Feira de Santana (FGB-UEFS). One-hundred seed were used to determine moisture degree (%) and the viability with the descriptors: percentage of germination (G), germination speed index (GSI), synchronicity (Z) and average germination time (AGT). Sowing was done in plates moistened with water, arranged under controlled conditions (BOD chambers: at 20/30 °C and 12 hours/light) and in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 11 factorial scheme (scarified/non-scarified seeds and 11 accessions). After 14 days, it was observed that most of the accessesion presented high G (greater than 70%), GSI less than 2 seeds.day-1, Z with a mean value of 0,52 and AGT with a mean value of 2 days, characterizing a synchronous and rapid event. Thus, the methodology used in storage is efficient for the conservation of Stylosanthes seeds in the medium term. GomezCampo Gomez Campo 1 spp FGBUEFS. FGBUEFS FGB UEFS . (FGB-UEFS) Onehundred One hundred % (% descriptors G, , (G) GSI, (GSI) (Z AGT. (AGT) water BOD chambers 2030 20 30 20/3 C hours/light hourslight hours light scarified/nonscarified scarifiednonscarified scarified/non scarified non accessions) days greater 70%, 70 70% 70%) seeds.day1, seedsday1 seedsday seeds.day 1, day seeds.day-1 052 0 52 0,5 event Thus term (FGB-UEFS ( (G (GSI (AGT 203 3 20/ nonscarified scarifiednon 7 day1 seeds.day1 seeds.day- 05 5 0,

ABSTRACT Tomato bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri triggers significant losses in crop production, and the active ingredients availability for disease control is limited. For this reason, there is a great demand for plant protection alternatives, such as the use of nanocrystals. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of nanocrystals spraying intervals for the control of tomato bacterial spot. Tomato plants of cv. Santa Cruz Kada were sprayed at 3-4 leaf stage under greenhouse conditions with ZnO:1Mg, ZnOCl, and ZnOCl:0.1Cu nanocrystals, copper and water. Three days later, the plants were inoculated with a bacterial suspension (109 CFU mL -1). Then, after 3, 6, 9, or 12-day intervals, the plants were sprayed with the products. The bacterial spot severity was periodically quantified as affected leaf area percentage, and the area under the disease progress curve was calculated. Nanocrystals ZnO:1Mg, ZnOCl, and ZnOCl:0.1Cu reduced the tomato bacterial spot severity when sprayed at 3- and 6-day intervals. Thus, nanocrystals may be used for the tomato bacterial spot control when sprayed at 6-day intervals, once this interval is adequate and practical for disease management. pv production limited reason alternatives Thus cv 34 3 4 ZnO1Mg, ZnO1Mg ZnOMg ZnO 1Mg, 1Mg Mg ZnO:1Mg ZnOCl ZnOCl0.1Cu ZnOCl01Cu ZnOClCu 0.1Cu 0 1Cu Cu water later 109 (10 1. 1 . -1) Then 6 9 12day day 12 products percentage calculated 6day management ZnOCl0 01Cu 10 (1 -1 ( -

ABSTRACT Canola has considerable global significance in edible oil and biodiesel production. In Brazil, canola has adapted to the temperate South region, where production is now concentrated. However, research indicates potential for growing the crop in warmer regions. This study evaluated the performance of canola hybrids under growing conditions in the Campo das Vertentes mesoregion, Minas Gerais, during the 2019 and 2021 harvests. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block 6 × 6 factorial design, with four replicates. Six canola hybrids, Hyola 433, Hyola 575 CL, Nuola 300, Hyola 571 CL, Diamond, and ALHT B4, and six sowing dates: 02/15/2019, 02/28/2019, 03/20/2019, 04/09/2019, 02/22/2021, and 03/11/2021 were tested. The plant height, total number of siliques per plant, number of grains per silique, grain yield, and canola oil yield were evaluated. The Nuola 300 and Hyola 575 CL hybrids showed superior grain and oil yields, indicating potential success in growing in the Brazilian Cerrado region. Findings indicated an optimal sowing period in the Campo das Vertentes region until March. These results stress the importance of strategically selecting hybrids and sowing timelines to maximize canola yield in the region under study. Brazil concentrated However regions mesoregion Gerais 201 202 harvests design replicates 433 57 Diamond B4 B dates 02152019 02 15 02/15/2019 02282019 28 02/28/2019 03202019 03 20 03/20/2019 04092019 04 09 04/09/2019 02222021 22 02/22/2021 03112021 11 03/11/202 tested height silique 30 yields March 43 5 0215201 0 1 02/15/201 0228201 2 02/28/201 0320201 03/20/201 0409201 04/09/201 0222202 02/22/202 0311202 03/11/20 3 4 021520 02/15/20 022820 02/28/20 032020 03/20/20 040920 04/09/20 022220 02/22/20 031120 03/11/2 02152 02/15/2 02282 02/28/2 03202 03/20/2 04092 04/09/2 02222 02/22/2 03112 03/11/ 0215 02/15/ 0228 02/28/ 0320 03/20/ 0409 04/09/ 0222 02/22/ 0311 03/11 021 02/15 022 02/28 032 03/20 040 04/09 02/22 031 03/1 02/1 02/2 03/2 04/0 03/ 02/ 04/

ABSTRACT Systematic analysis of scientific, industrial, and commercial information and the application of data science (DS) are alternatives to learn about trends and advances in value chains such as avocado. The objective of this study was to review current trends in research, technological development, and perception about the avocado subsector under tropical conditions using DS tools. A bibliometric analysis (BA) of scientific articles, technological developments, and patents in different sources of web information was implemented. Additionally, search algorithms and DS were designed to perform an analysis of trends from social media platforms in the avocado value chain. The BA identified patters associated with the avocado chain in Colombia, highlighting the increase in scientific-technical information, the grouping by work networks, the bias associated with departments and commercial varieties such as the high volume of works in Antioquia and cv. Hass, and the few high-value alternatives for the chain such as patents, industrial secrets, etc. Trends in social networks were linked to international markets, added value, and environmental aspects. Likewise, a disconnection was found between the needs of the avocado value chain and the existing offers. This study contributes as a competitive strategy for the local avocado subsector and generates a country-adjusted research agenda. (DS development tools (BA articles developments implemented Additionally Colombia scientifictechnical technical cv Hass highvalue secrets etc markets aspects Likewise offers countryadjusted country adjusted agenda

ABSTRACT Cowpea is a species used for various purposes, including green grain production. New cowpea cultivars should be developed to answer the growing market demands for green gains, which can be achieved via breeding programs. In this scenario, diallel cross is a breeding method that allows researchers to select the most suitable parents for hybridization. From this perspective, this study aimed to identify cowpea parents and hybrids with good combining abilities to initiate a breeding program aimed at green grain production. The experiment was developed at the Plant Science Department of the Federal University of Ceará. Fifteen treatments (five parents and ten hybrids) were set up in a randomized block design with ten replications. The variables of green pod length, green pod mass, number of grains, grain mass per green pod, and green grain length were studied in this experiment. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, test of means, and diallel analysis. The parents and hybrids showed variations for the evaluated traits. Both additive and non-additive effects influence the behavior of inherited traits. The parent CE0002 and hybrid combinations BRS Juruá x CE1002 and CE0957 x CE0002 are recommended for selection, showing desirable aspects for green grain production. purposes production gains programs scenario hybridization perspective Ceará five replications grains variance means traits nonadditive non CE CE000 CE100 CE095 selection CE00 CE10 CE09 CE0 CE1

ABSTRACT Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 (Rs) is the causal agent of Moko, one of the most limiting diseases of plantain. This study aimed to determine if the preventive application of salicylic acid (SA), silicon dioxide (Si), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Ba), and Bacillus subtilis (Bs) reduce the disease development and mitigate the plant physiological damage caused by Rs. For this, plantain plants cv. Hartón (Musa AAB) at nursery stage were established in a split-plot design and treated with biostimulants before the inoculation with Rs. Disease development and plant physiological variables were evaluated post-inoculation. Application of SA and Si on inoculated plants improved the relative water content, quantic yield of the photosystem II, electrons transport rate, gas exchange, and promoted dry biomass partition to the roots and a higher roots elongation. Plants treated with these biostimulants showed the lowest disease degree in comparison to inoculated control plants. Moreover, non-inoculated plants treated with Si and Bs significantly improved their photosynthetic capacity, biomass accumulation, and root elongation compared to non-inoculated control plants. Results suggest that preventive application of SA and Si reduces the Moko disease development whereas Si and Bs improve the physiological features of the plants. Rs (Rs SA, , (SA) Si, (Si) Ba, Ba (Ba) (Bs this cv Musa AAB splitplot split plot postinoculation. postinoculation post inoculation. post-inoculation content II rate exchange Moreover noninoculated non capacity accumulation (SA (Si (Ba