Abstract Aim: To propose a dance therapy and free dance protocol for women undergoing adjuvant treatment of breast cancer and to compare its effectiveness with the control group and the healthy group. Method: Protocol for a 12-week randomized clinical trial with a frequency of 2 times at progressive intensity, in which the participants will be allocated into 4 groups: (a) dance therapy intervention; (b) free dance intervention; (c) control group and (d) healthy group. Information related to personal and clinical characteristics as well as psychological aspects will be collected. The primary outcome will be analyzed through depressive symptoms while secondary outcomes include the variables: body image, anxiety, mood, perceived stress, and optimism. Assessments will be carried out in the pre-intervention period (baseline) and after 12 weeks of intervention in all groups. Discussion: As a hypothesis, there are improvements in psychological aspects after dance therapy interventions and free dance, reaching the level of healthy women, given the benefits of that protocol. Aim Method 12week week intensity groups (a b (b c (c d (d collected variables image anxiety mood stress optimism preintervention pre baseline (baseline 1 Discussion hypothesis

Abstract Aim: The present study aimed to investigate epidemiological parameters associated with the onset of injuries in CrossFit practitioners. Methods: Cross-sectional study, with fifty-two subjects (28 ± 7 years,70 ±13 kg), regular practitioners of CrossFit, of intermediate level. The Rombaldi questionnaire was applied, related to the occurrence of injuries during physical activity. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Pearson's chi-square, and Fisher's exact test were used, using p < 0.05. Results: Our findings show that the prevalence of injury in cross-fitters is 38%, having an incidence rate of 3.7 per 1000 h of training. The most recurrent injury was stretching (41%). The most affected regions were the shoulder and lumbar (34%). The exercise model with the highest association with injury development was Olympic weightlifting (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The CrossFit practice showed a moderate prevalence of injuries, stretching the main type. The most affected regions were the shoulders and the lumbar. In relation to the most dangerous exercise model for the appearance of injuries, the Olympic weightlifting exercises stand out. Aim Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional fiftytwo fifty two 28 (2 years70 years 70 years,7 13 ±1 kg, kg , kg) level applied activity ShapiroWilk Shapiro Wilk Pearsons Pearson s chisquare, chisquare chi square, square chi-square Fishers Fisher used 005 0 05 0.05 Results crossfitters cross fitters 38 38% 37 3 3. 100 training 41%. 41 41% . (41%) 34%. 34 34% (34%) 0.004. 0004 0.004 004 0.004) Conclusion type out 2 ( years7 years, 1 00 0.0 10 4 (41% (34% 000 0.00 0. (41 (34 (4 (3

Abstract Aim: The purpose of this pilot study was to analyze the feasibility of the intervention and measures of a six-week land- and aquatic-based plyometric training on spike and block reaches in young volleyball athletes. Methods: Twelve female players were divided into a land group (LG) (n = 6, 12.4 ± 0.3 years, 1.61 ± 0.04 m, 57.0 ± 9.3 kg) and a water group (WG) (n = 6, 12.5 ± 0.5 years, 1.57 ± 0.06 m, 48.9 ± 8.5 kg). The spike and block (without step, with slide step, and with crossover step) reach and countermovement jump height were evaluated before and after a 6-week plyometric training protocol. Duration (total and of each session), adhesion and adherence, and safeness of the intervention; completion of assessments, within-trial reliability, and variability of the outcome measures and preliminary results were the variables of interest. To analyze the effect of the training on jump performance, the Wilcoxon test was used (p < 0.05), and effect sizes (r) were calculated. Results: All participants concluded the intervention and the assessments as planned. No dropouts or adverse events were registered during the study. The within-trial reliability for all assessment tests was considered excellent (ICC ≥ 0.9). Preliminary results indicate that LG improved the reach of the spike and block with the slide step; and that WG improved the spike, block with the slide step to the left, and block without movement reaches (p < 0.05; large effect size). Conclusion: An intervention of six weeks of plyometric training on land and in water is feasible, and preliminary results indicate that both training protocols may benefit the performance of spike and block in young volleyball athletes. Aim sixweek week aquaticbased aquatic based athletes Methods (LG n 6 124 12 4 12. 03 0 3 0. years 161 1 61 1.6 004 04 0.0 m 570 57 57. 93 9 9. kg (WG 125 5 05 157 1.5 006 06 489 48 48. 85 8 8. kg. . 6week protocol total session, session , session) adherence withintrial within trial interest p 0.05, 005 0.05 0.05) r (r calculated Results planned ICC 0.9. 09 0.9 0.9) left size. size size) Conclusion feasible 16 1. 00 15

Abstract Aim: The study aimed to investigate the effects of the somatotype components on handball. Methods: The sample consisted of 60 elite junior handball players. Somatotype was evaluated using the Heath & Carter method. The kinetic performance trials of the handball athletes were running speed performance over 5 m 10 m and 20 m sprints, sit and reach, standing long jump (SLJ), ball velocity, and maximum aerobic power. For the data analyses, we used Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression. Results: The endomorphic component correlated positive with all three sprint times (5 m, 10 m και 30 m sprints) (r = 0.315, p = 0.014; r = 0.367, p = 0.004; r = 0.358, p = 0.005 respectively) while negative with SLJ (r = -0.418, p = 0.001) και maximum aerobic power (r = -0.322, p = 0.012). The mesomorphic component had a positive correlation with ball velocity (r = 0.260, p = 0.045) and negative relation with SLJ (r = -0.261, p = 0.044). The ectomorphic component exhibited a negative correlation only with ball velocity (r = -0.260, p = 0.045). The ordinary least square regression models found that endomorphy and ectomorphy were prognostic factors and predicted worse performance in all of the examined motor performance indices except ball velocity and 5 m sprint, while mesomorphy was a predictor of worse performance in SLJ. Conclusions: In conclusion, according to the findings of this study, somatotype components play an important role in performance-related parameters.

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to verify the acute effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on maximal lactate production rate (VLamax) in front crawl swimmers. Methods: Fifteen male swimmers (20.9 ± 2.4-year-old) participated in this study. Three sets of front crawls were performed at distances of 100-, 200- and 400-m under three experimental conditions: PBM (420 J), placebo (PLA) and control (C) in this randomized, crossover, double-blind and placebo-controlled study. PBM or PLA were applied or simulated before performance tests. One-way Anova for repeated measurements were used for statistical analyses. Results: The results showed that the prior PBM application did not affect VLamax in front crawl swimmers: VLamax 100-m (PBM = 0.20 ± 0.05 mmol·L-1·s-1; PLA = 0.20 ± 0.04 mmol·L-1·s-1 and C = 0.21 ± 0.04; mmol·L-1·s-1); 200-m (PBM = 0.09 ± 0.03 mmol·L-1·s-1; PLA = 0.08 ± 0.02 mmol·L-1·s-1 and C = 0.08 ± 0.02 mmol·L-1·s-1) and 400-m (PBM = 0.04 ± 0.01 mmol·L-1·s-1; PLA = 0.04 ± 0.01 mmol·L-1·s-1 and C = 0.03 ± 0.01 mmol·L-1·s-1). Nor effect swim time (ST) performance: ST 100 m (PBM = 65.5 ± 6.3 s; PLA = 65.2 ± 5.6 s; C = 66.0 ± 5.9 s); ST 200 m (PBM = 148.5 ± 17.9 s; PLA = 149.4 ± 16.4 s; C = 150.1 ± 17.9 s); ST 400 m (PBM = 327.7 ± 38.2 s; PLA = 321.6 ± 47.7 s; C = 329.5 ± 41.2 s). Conclusions: PBM application prior front crawl swimming tests did not significantly modify the VLamax on swimmers covering distances of 100-, 200- and 400-m.

Abstract Aim: This study aims to characterize the body stature and age, handgrip, and endurance strength of elite male weightlifters, and ascertain the anthropometric features that can boost IRM bench press. Methods: Forty-four elite male weightlifters of different weight categories participated in this study. All participants were members of the Ebonyi state team in Nigeria. We assessed their body weight, height, arm span, arm girth, chest girth, hip girth, thigh girth, handgrip strength, 1RM, time for repetitions (TR), and the number of repetitions (NR) of bench press, using National Strength and Conditioning Association’s guidelines. Results: 1RM bench press depends on waist and thigh girths, while the speed of bench press was associated with height and arm span of elite weightlifters. 1RM, NR, and TR of bench press depend on age, body weight, and BMI. Consistently, NR of bench press increase with age; range 18, 22 years, and body weight increases with age; range 28, 32 years, while handgrip strength reduces with age; range 38 years and above (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The strength of association of age, and BMI with strength endurance and 1RM bench press was robust and similar, but inconsistent with handgrip strength. It also suggests that enhancing the musculoskeletal structures of the thigh and waist could boost 1RM bench press while handgrip strength could not but reduces as age advances beyond 38 years.

Abstract Aim: This review article aimed to search for studies that used SSG as an intervention in order to verify the effects of physical and tactical performance in young soccer players and to make a critical analysis in the literature of how small games are proposed, how they are controlled and how they affect the performance of soccer players in the short and medium term. Methods: In this narrative review, we searched four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus), in total, 242 studies were found. In the end, only eight studies were used in this review. Results: Four studies were comparisons between SSG and traditional methods; one study compared different types of SSG; one study compared the intensity of small-sided games with official games and another two made comparisons of physical performance between different categories. All the studies had as a central point to make comparisons in relation to the physical performance and none of them, longitudinally, evaluated the tactical performance using the SSG as an intervention. Conclusions: The use of SSG, mainly in 3×3 (dimensions between 20×25 m and 27×36 m) and 4×4 (30×35 m to 30×40 m) between 3 and 5 sessions per week for at least one month, seems to have beneficial effects concerning physical performance for young athletes. It was verified the scarcity of studies that approach the tactical performance with the use of SSG, in addition, some studies were unclear about the frequency of SSG types during the intervention time.

Abstract Aim: Adapt the 3×2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport in a Brazilian sporting context and examine its psychometric properties. Methods: A total of 211 Brazilian athletes of seven different sports responded to the adapted instrument. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis supported the measurement model of the 3×2 Achievement Goal Model with some error correlations and invariance of the measurement model across gender, but not for the type of sport and context of the application. In terms of internal consistency, “task-avoidance” and “self-avoidance” goals did not reach the values of accepted criteria. Conclusion: This study supported the use of the 3×2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport in the Brazilian sport domain and encourages further studies to improve its reliability. Finally, the findings are discussed suggesting cultural differences in the understanding of some items between Brazilian athletes and those from other countries.

Abstract Introduction: Based on the inverse relationship between the amount of weight lifted and the maximum number of repetitions (RM) performed, the intensity prescription method based on a percentage of maximum strength (%1RM) has been widely used in different populations, including older adults. However, considerable inter-individual variability in RM performed at a given %1RM has been reported in previous studies on this topic. Aim: To compare the number of repetitions performed at 60, 75, and 90%1RM in lower and upper limb resistance exercises in older adults. Methods: Fifteen men aged between 60 and 75 years performed two preliminary sessions (familiarization + and 1RM tests) and three experimental sessions (RM tests at 60, 75, and 90%1RM on knee extension and elbow flexion exercises). Movement velocity for each concentric and eccentric muscle action was 1.5-2 s. Statistical comparisons regarding the RM performed in each %1RM were tested using the Generalized Estimating Equations analysis. Results: The RM during knee extension exercise was significantly lower when compared to elbow flexion at 60% 1RM. On the other hand, the RM during knee extension exercise was significantly higher when compared to elbow flexion at 90%1RM. A similar number of repetitions at 75%1RM were performed in both exercises. Conclusion: Physically active older men can perform different RM at 60% and 90%1RM in knee extension and elbow flexion exercises, suggesting that the use of a specific RM range cannot be associated to the same percentage of 1RM in this individuals.

Abstract Aim: This study verified the combined effects of game result and match location on centrality measures based on the interactions of Brazilian handball players. Methods: The sample consisted of 3435 interactions performed by 15 players during 7 official Brazilian Regional Championship matches. Social network analysis was applied to investigate the following network properties: degree of centrality, closeness centrality, degree of prestige, proximity prestige, and network density. Results: Results revealed that playing at home increases closeness centrality (η2 = 0.99; p = 0.01), and network density (η2 = 1.00; p = 0.01). When the handball team lost the game, an increment in the network density in relation to the draw and win scenario was observed (η2 = 1.00; p = 0.01). It was observed that closeness centrality and network density increased when the team had lost and played at home, while when the team was playing away from home and losing, closeness centrality decreased (η2 = 0.99; p = 0.01). Conclusions: In conclusion, contextual variables impact the way that handball players interact during a match.

Abstract Aim: The objective of this study is to 1. Investigate in women with cardiac risk factors the acute responses of cardiac autonomic modulation and hemodynamic parameters during and after a dance-based cardiac rehabilitation session and II. Compare these responses with a conventional exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation session. Methods: This will be a crossover-clinical trial that will enroll women with at least one cardiac risk factor. The interventions consist of one dance-based (DB) and one traditional exercise-based (EB) session of cardiac rehabilitation, both composed of initial rest, warm-up, moderate-intensity physical exercise, fast recovery evaluation in orthostatic position, and slow recovery evaluation. The main outcomes are 1. Autonomic modulation, evaluated through heart rate variability linear and non-linear methods, and II. Hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate). All measures will be evaluated in specific moments during the initial rest, physical exercise, and recovery. Conclusion: The results will allow the safe inclusion of dance-based sessions in cardiac rehabilitation programs opening an important field of research to investigate the long-term effects on physical fitness and cardiac risk factors, as well as adherence and motivation to attend cardiac rehabilitation in the women population.

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with dynapenia in older women, considering different cutoff points as diagnostic criteria. Methods: This epidemiological study was conducted with 205 older women (72.7 ± 7.1 years). Dynapenia was diagnosed using the handgrip strength test (HGS) using two cutoff points (< 16 or < 20 kgf). Socio-demographic, behavioral, and health status information was obtained from a specific form; nutritional status was assessed by body mass index, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire identified the level of physical activity. Results: The prevalence of dynapenia was 14.1% (HGS < 16 kgf) and 46.3% (HGS < 20 kgf) (p < 0.001). It was also observed that older women with family income ≤ 1 minimum wage and those with low weight presented, respectively, 2.22 (95%CI: 1.12-4.39) and 4.72 (95%CI: 1.64-13.58) times higher probability of dynapenia identified by HGS < 16 kgf. Moreover, for the cutoff point < 20 kgf, the probability of dynapenia was higher in women aged ≥ 80 years (PR:1.91; 95%CI: 1.23-2.95), in insufficiently active women (PR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.01-2.57), among those with low weight (PR: 1.61; 95%CI: 1.01-2.57), and in those who reported falls (PR:1.42; 95%CI: 1.04-1.96). Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that there is a difference between the prevalence and factors associated with dynapenia when different cutoff points are adopted.

Abstract Aim: This study investigated the adaptations of football teams as hierarchically organised open systems. In this type of system, the collective and individual behaviours are characterised by consistency and variability, respectively. Methods: Five professional men's football matches in the under-20 category were analysed. The team's centroid as a measure of the system's macrostructure and the distance from each player to the team's centroid (a measure of the system's microstructure) were obtained from the players' x and y coordinates of displacement on the soccer field. Cluster analyses were run using Ward's minimum variance method with Euclidean distance. Results: (i) teams showed consistency and variability in their macro- and microstructures, respectively; (ii) there was a correlation between attack and defence patterns in most game sequences; (iii) goals were scored when teams modified their macro and/or microstructure. Conclusion: Football teams showed correspondence in attack-defense patterns with macro-consistency and micro-variability throughout the match. Despite this, there was no relationship between the foregoing patterns and game outcomes. Goals were scored after changes in the team's structure.

Abstract Aim: The study aimed to conduct a cost-utility analysis of traditional drug therapy (TDT) provided for hypertensive patients at primary care in comparison to the protocol based on combination with an exercise program (TDT+E) in real-life conditions, adopting a health system perspective. Methods: Longitudinal study based on enrollment of 49 hypertensive adults distributed into two groups, for 12 months. Quality-adjusted life years were estimated using health-related quality of life. Direct health care costs were calculated including inputs and human resources in primary care from medical records. Sensitivity analysis was performed based on multivariate and probabilistic scenarios. Results: Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of TDT+E in comparison to TDT were +79.69. Sensitivity analysis showed that TDT+E presented advantages considering uncertainties. Conclusion: Our findings show that exercise programs may improve quality of life and life expectancy among hypertensive patients.

Abstract Aim: Basketball players' performances have been traditionally summarized in indices that rely on the game-related statistics (e.g. rebounds, field goals, etc). Indices are defined according to different methods (e.g. Efficiency Index - Ei, Plus-Minus, Wins Produced), seeking distinct analytic objectives. Ei is frequently used given its simplicity. However, it has questionable validity since it measures productivity instead of efficiency and uses biased calculations for scoring. This study aimed to define indices of efficiency (Basketball Efficiency Index (BEi)) and productivity (Basketball Productivity Index (BPi)) of a player's contribution to the team performance with greater validity than Ei. Methods: We gathered public NBA game-related statistics (2014/2015 – 2018/2019). We analyzed: Ei's and BEi's winning prediction accuracy; Ei's and BEi's point spread prediction accuracy; the correlation between GRS and Ei, BEi, BPi, and PER; players' rank correlation between indices. Results: In comparison to Ei, both BEi and BPi reduced the weight of points scored on the final value. Less reliance on points scored results in a more accurate comparison of the contribution of players independent of their tactical roles. Conclusion: These indices may improve coaches' understanding of the real contribution of each player to team performance.