Magnesium stannate (Mg2SnO4) samples with 0.003, 0.004, 0.03, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 at. mol% of Co2+ were prepared by wet chemical method. The samples were investigated using X-Ray diffraction and photoluminescence techniques at room temperature. The results indicate that Co2+ occupies tetrahedral sites in the inverse spinel structure of Mg2SnO4, replacing Mg2+. The material exhibited a red-infrared luminescence associated with Co2+ spin-allowed transitions. Crystal field parameters were calculated using Tanabe-Sugano theory for d7 systems in tetrahedral environment. In the range studied, optimum divalent cobalt concentration for emission applications was found to be 0.08 at. mol%. Mg2SnO4 MgSnO Mg SnO (Mg2SnO4 0003 0 003 0.003 0004 004 0.004 03 0.03 005 05 0.05 008 08 01 1 0.1 02 2 0.2 3 0.3 0.5 mol Co2 Co method XRay X Ray temperature Mg2 Mg2+ redinfrared red infrared spinallowed spin allowed transitions TanabeSugano Tanabe Sugano d environment studied 0.0 Mg2SnO (Mg2SnO 000 00 0.00 0.

In this study, nanostructured coatings of VN2/Fe3N/Fe4N are synthesized by Plasma Deposition (CCPD) using a vanadium cathodic cage and subject to cathodic and floating potential treatments. Microstructural and mechanical properties of coated SAE 1080 steel samples are investigated using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Vickers microhardness (HV), and surface roughness analysis. The coating produced under cathodic potential treatment exhibited a nitride-based microstructure (VN2, Fe3N, Fe4N), with surface morphology consisting of clusters of granular structures with varied particle sizes. The coating produced under floating potential predominantly exhibited the iron nitride phase (Fe3N) with a morphology composed of uniformly sized grains. Microhardness testing showed that both layers exhibited more excellent plastic deformation resistance than the substrate. Roughness measurements confirmed a more organized microstructure profile for the sample treated under floating potential. This study demonstrates that the CCPD-produced cathodic potential coating can be utilized in tribological applications. VN2Fe3NFe4N VNFeNFeN VN2 Fe3N Fe4N VN Fe N CCPD (CCPD treatments 108 Xray X ray XRD, XRD , (XRD) SEM, SEM (SEM) HV, HV (HV) analysis nitridebased based VN2, (VN2 FeN Fe4N, Fe4N) sizes (Fe3N grains substrate CCPDproduced applications NFe 10 (XRD (SEM (HV (VN 1

Duplex stainless steels are widely used due to their good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, they are susceptible to microstructural fragility related to harmful transformations taking place in intermetallic phases, such as the sigma phase. These transformations reduce mechanical properties like toughness and corrosion resistance. The current study aims to analyze the effect of different thermodynamic- and electrochemical-reactive phases based on using both linear sweep voltammetry tests as non-destructive tests, as well as the concept of microelectrodes. This technique is capable of detecting small amounts of intermetallic phases at the UNS-S31803 duplex stainless steel surface. Results have evidenced the influence of reduced electrode-solution exposure area on improving sensitivity for deleterious phase analyses. Peak potential and current peak recorded direct correlation to sigma phase concentration and it enabled detecting very low sigma-phase surface concentration, at the order of 0.04%. The study has shown improved sensitivity of linear sweep voltammetry tests used to detect harmful phases in duplex stainless steels. resistance However thermodynamic electrochemicalreactive electrochemical reactive nondestructive non destructive microelectrodes UNSS31803 UNSS UNS S31803 S UNS-S3180 electrodesolution electrode solution analyses sigmaphase 004 0 04 0.04% UNSS3180 S3180 UNS-S318 00 0.04 UNSS318 S318 UNS-S31 0.0 UNSS31 S31 UNS-S3 0. UNSS3 S3 UNS-S

The accumulation of tramp impurities, particularly Fe, during recycling of Al alloys frequently leads to the production of coarse intermetallics during solidification, which affect final product mechanical properties. Because lowering the Fe concentration and/or using thermomechanical processing to subdivide the particles is expensive, it is preferred to modify the morphology, size, and distribution of the IMCs during solidification. Benefiting the properties of Al-contaminated alloys entails increased recyclability and a reduction in the usage of virgin primary Al and downcycled alloys. The Al-8%Si-0.8%Fe-2.5%Cu-1.0%Zn (in wt.%) alloy was modified with 0.7%Ni and 0.7%Co. Both dendritic growth and tensile properties were evaluated for the three alloys. The secondary dendrite arm spacing values (λ2) were found very refined for all alloys. The λ2 in the modified alloys was even more reduced. The Co addition of 0.7% reached higher values of tensile strength (220 MPa) as compared to the others without major losses in ductility. The addition of Co can enhance strength by up to 15%, considering more refined microstructures. impurities solidification andor or expensive morphology size Alcontaminated contaminated Al8%Si0.8%Fe2.5%Cu1.0%Zn Al8Si08Fe25Cu10Zn AlSiFeCuZn 8%Si 0.8%Fe 2.5%Cu 1.0%Zn 8 Si 0 2 5 Cu 1 Zn wt.% wt 07Ni Ni 7 07Co 0.7%Co λ (λ2 reduced 07 0.7 220 (22 MPa ductility 15 15% microstructures Al8 Si0 Fe2 Cu1 8Si 08Fe 25Cu 10Zn wt. (λ 0. 22 (2 (

This research investigates the effects of accelerated spheroidizing of cementite on the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of commercial steel grades (Fe-0.2C, Fe-0.5C, Fe-0.7C wt%), emphasizing the role of cold-rolling reduction followed by stress relief annealing. Utilizing SEM imaging, X-ray diffraction, and EBSD measurements, this study comprehensively examines how variations in carbon content influence hardness, dislocation density, and crystallographic texture orientation. Microhardness measurements reveal a direct relationship with carbon content, yielding values of 28.0±1.0 HRC for DT-1020, 36.0±1.0 HRC for DT-1050, and 39.0±1.0 HRC for DT-1070. Texture analysis through EBSD demonstrates distinct patterns among the grades: DT-1020 displays a dominant (111) texture, DT-1050 exhibits a (101) orientation, and DT-1070 features a more refined (101) texture. Dislocation density analysis further corroborates the impact of carbon content, with DT-1050 presenting the highest density at approximately 7.8×1016 m-2. This detailed exploration elucidates the intricate interplay between carbon content, cementite morphology, and their collective influence on mechanical performance of steel, providing valuable guidance for tailoring steel properties via microstructural control. Fe0.2C, Fe02C FeC Fe 0.2C, 0 2C C (Fe-0.2C Fe0.5C, Fe05C 0.5C, 5C Fe-0.5C Fe0.7C Fe07C 0.7C 7C wt%, wt wt% , wt%) coldrolling cold rolling annealing imaging Xray X ray diffraction hardness orientation 28010 28 1 28.0±1. DT1020, DT1020 DT 1020, 1020 36010 36 36.0±1. DT1050, DT1050 1050, 1050 39010 39 39.0±1. DT1070. DT1070 1070. 1070 DT-102 111 (111 DT-105 101 (101 DT-107 781016 7 8 1016 7.8×101 m2. m2 m 2. 2 m-2 morphology control Fe0 Fe0.2C 02C 0.2C Fe0.5C 05C 0.5C 07C 2801 28.0±1 DT102 102 3601 3 36.0±1 DT105 105 3901 39.0±1 DT107 107 DT-10 11 (11 10 (10 78101 7.8×10 m- 280 28.0± DT10 360 36.0± 390 39.0± DT-1 (1 7810 7.8×1 28.0 DT1 36.0 39.0 DT- ( 781 7.8× 28. 36. 39. 78 7.8 7.

The industry's principal objective is to comprehend the optimal application of each metal alloy in terms of corrosion resistance. A key focus lies in exploring alternative approaches to address this corrosive process in a manner that is both sustainable and economically feasible. The major strategy to mitigate this contest involves the utilization of inhibitors. However, it is imperative to note that certain inhibitors pose environmental risks. This study explores the effect of the addition of protic ionic liquids (PILs) on the corrosion of carbon steel (A36) in a saline solution (3.5 wt% NaCl), considering variations in pH and temperature. It focuses on understanding the effects of pH and temperature on the PILs' ability to protect the steel surface. Notably, changes in pH do not affect the protective capacity of the inhibitors. Efficiency values exceeding 72% were achieved under both acidic conditions tested. The study reveals two scenarios: At 40 °C, the PILs effectively protect the steel, with an efficiency of approximately 74% at concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm. However, at 60 °C, efficiency decreases notably, reaching a maximum of 51% at a concentration of 500 ppm. Afterward, to evaluate the protective effectiveness of these compounds, gravimetric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) serve as the main methods, accompanied by optical and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for evaluating the surface. In electrochemical tests, PILs 1 and 2 exhibit superior efficiency, with film formation, while PILs 3 to 6 demonstrate comparatively lower values. industrys industry s resistance feasible However risks (PILs A36 (A36 3.5 35 5 (3. wt NaCl, NaCl , NaCl) surface Notably 72 tested scenarios 4 C °C 74 50 100 ppm notably 51 Afterward compounds EIS (EIS methods AFM (AFM tests formation A3 (A3 3. (3 7 10 (A (

The corrosion behavior of Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.5Six (x=0, 0.2, 0.3) high-entropy alloy laser cladding coatings in a 3.5% NaCl solution was investigated using polarization tests, impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. As the Si content increased, the over-passivation potential and the width of the passivation zone for the Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.5Six coating expanded, while the corrosion current density tended to decrease, enhancing the stability of the passivation film and the corrosion resistance of the coating. The Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.5 coating underwent selective corrosion, with some pitting corrosion distribution showing no apparent regularity. The Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.5Si0.2 coating exhibited a distinct grain profile with a tendency towards intergranular corrosion. The aggregation of Cu-rich and Al-Ni intergranular phases in the eutectic structure led to preferential erosion at the grain boundaries by corrosion ions in the Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.5Si0.2 coating. The Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.5Si0.3 coating presented corrosion pits, although their distribution did not display apparent regularity. The Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.5Six high-entropy alloy coating demonstrates superior corrosion resistance in solution compared to 5083 aluminum alloy. Al08CrFeCoNiCu05Six AlCrFeCoNiCuSix Al0 8CrFeCoNiCu0 5Six Al CrFeCoNiCu Six x=0, x0 x 0 (x=0 02 2 0.2 0.3 03 3 highentropy high entropy 35 5 3.5 tests spectroscopy microscopy increased overpassivation over expanded decrease Al08CrFeCoNiCu05 AlCrFeCoNiCu Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0. regularity Al08CrFeCoNiCu05Si02 AlCrFeCoNiCuSi 5Si0 Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.5Si0. Curich Cu rich AlNi Ni Al08CrFeCoNiCu05Si03 pits 508 8CrFeCoNiCu x=0 (x= 0. 3. Al08CrFeCoNiCu0 Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0 Al08CrFeCoNiCu05Si0 5Si Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.5Si0 50 x= (x Al08CrFeCoNiCu Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu Al08CrFeCoNiCu05Si Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.5Si

This study synthesized mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) using PEBAX® MH-1657 and ZIF-67 with varying particle concentrations (1, 3, and 5 wt%) to assess permeability and selectivity. ZIF-67 nanoparticles were prepared using the solvothermal method with methanol and characterized. Permeation tests were conducted at 10 and 15 bar using N2 and CO2. The analysis revealed ZIF-67 particles with an approximate diameter of 280 nm and confirmed characteristic sodalite peaks. The ideal CO2/N2 selectivity reached 67 (CO2 permeability = 132 ± 3.5 Barrer) at 15 bar. The impact of ZIF-67 varied with pressure and composition; at 10 bar, CO2/N2 selectivity decreased compared to pure PEBAX®; however, at 15 bar, the 1 wt% ZIF-67 membrane exhibited superior selectivity, surpassing Robeson's upper bound. The results indicate that ZIF-67 enhances the permeability and selectivity of PEBAX®, with superior performance observed at lower concentrations. MMMs (MMMs PEBAX MH1657 MH 1657 MH-165 ZIF67 ZIF ZIF-6 1, (1 3 wt characterized N CO2 CO 28 peaks CO2N2 CON CO2/N 6 (CO 13 35 3. Barrer composition however Robesons Robeson s bound MH165 165 MH-16 ZIF6 ZIF- ( 2 CO2N MH16 16 MH-1 MH1 MH-

It is particularly important to investigate the mechanical performance of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) composites used for automotive and aerospace applications, where diffused moisture of the environment may potentially weaken the material over time. In this work, CF/PA6 composites were subjected to two different types of conditioning: distilled water at a temperature of 80 ºC and saline solution for 12 weeks. The volumetric fraction of CF, PA6 matrix, and the voids of the CF/PA6 composites were determined by acid digestion analysis. At the end of the environmental conditionings, the moisture absorption content and the diffusion coefficient (D) were determined. The mechanical performance of CF/PA6 composites unconditioned and conditioned was evaluated through tensile and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) tests, and morphological characteristics of the fracture surface after the mechanical tensile test. CF/PA6 composites conditioned in saline solution showed a decrease of 53% (tensile sample) and 72% (ILSS sample) in the diffusion coefficient (D) and insignificant losses of mechanical properties when compared to CF/PA6 composites conditioned in distilled water at 80 ºC. This behavior is attributed to the salt molecules blocking the pores and consequently reducing the migration of water into the samples, maintaining the internal integrity of the specimens. CF (CF PA (PA6 applications time work CFPA6 CFPA CF/PA conditioning 8 1 weeks matrix analysis conditionings D (D ILSS tests test 53 sample 72 samples specimens (PA 5 7

The novelty of the present study lies in synthesized ZnO film in a single step by chemical bath deposition. The typical conversion of zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)2) into ZnO material through thermal annealing is not required. A direct synthesis has achieved using four different zinc salt sources, yielding equivalent results. All the synthesized ZnO films were non-specular and adhered well to the glass slide substrates. We present the results of the structural, optical, and morphological characterization techniques. These revealed a hexagonal structure, a band-gap energy of around 3.2 eV, and a hexagonal nanorod shape for all the synthesized ZnO films. deposition ZnOH2 ZnOH Zn OH 2 (Zn(OH)2 required sources nonspecular non specular substrates structural optical techniques structure bandgap band gap 32 3 3. eV (Zn(OH) (Zn(OH

A highly efficient NiFe2O4/TiO2 nanofibrous photocatalyst was prepared by a simultaneous solution blow spinning method. The hybrid fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and magnetometry. The photocatalytic properties were evaluated using Crystal violet (CV) and Congo red (CR) dyes under visible light irradiation. Fibers calcined at 600 ºC and 700 ºC showed the highest CV decolorization (77%). On the other hand, for CR, the best performance was encountered with the photocatalysts heat-treated at 500 ºC, which exhibited photocatalytic degradation of 87% after only 30 min of visible light irradiation. The high reaction rates (0.018 to 0.067 min-1) explain the fast decolorization yielded by the combined effect of adsorption and photocatalytic processes. Moreover, recyclability assays showed stable CR dye efficiency after five recycling cycles. Therefore, the NiFe2O4/TiO2 nanofibers present a high potential for application in the decolorization treatment of wastewater from the textile industry. NiFe2O4TiO2 NiFeOTiO NiFe2O4 TiO2 NiFe O TiO NiFe2O4/TiO method SEM, SEM , (SEM) Xray X ray XRD, XRD (XRD) spectroscopy magnetometry (CV (CR irradiation 60 70 77%. 77 77% . (77%) hand heattreated heat treated 50 87 3 0.018 0018 0 018 (0.01 0067 067 0.06 min1 1 min-1 processes Moreover cycles Therefore industry NiFe2O4TiO NiFeO NiFe2O (SEM (XRD 6 7 (77% 5 8 0.01 001 01 (0.0 006 06 0.0 min- (77 00 (0. 0. (7 (0 (

Biocomposites have gained attention in the packaging industry due to their potential as sustainable alternatives to conventional synthetic materials. In this study, novel cotton incorporated poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic starch biocomposites were developed for packaging applications using in short shelf life products the extrusion method. Pelletized samples obtained by extrusion were stamped from plates obtained by compression and were characterized through measurement of density, hardness, contact angle and water absorption, as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). No significant changes in the density results were observed. A slight increase in the hardness of formulations in relation to the PLA was associated with the presence of cotton fiber in biocomposites. The FTIR results revealed physical interaction of PLA, TPS and cotton fiber. By DSC analysis, for all formulations the melting exhibited only one peak, suggesting good homogeneity and interaction among the components, as observed by TG/DTG results, and corroborating SEM analysis. The biocomposite PLA/TPS/Cotton 85/10/5 wt.% displayed greater increase in water absorption than both 95/5/0 and 90/5/5 wt.% formulations, which can be attributed to the increase in starch proportion, confirming the contact angle results. The hydrophilic tendency corroborated the biodegradation process in the packaging end-of-life. materials study polylactic poly lactic acid/thermoplastic acidthermoplastic acid /thermoplastic thermoplastic method FTIR, , (FTIR) SEM. . (SEM) peak components TGDTG TG DTG PLATPSCotton Cotton 85105 85 10 5 85/10/ wt wt. 9550 95 0 95/5/ 9055 90 90/5/ proportion endoflife. endoflife end life. end-of-life (FTIR (SEM 8510 8 1 85/10 955 9 95/5 905 90/5 851 85/1 95/ 90/ 85/

Ferroelectric thin films of 0.2BaTiO3 – 0.8BaZr0.5Ti0.5O3 (BT-BZT) are dielectric materials applied in various sensors, particularly in capacitor manufacturing, due to their excellent electrical properties. This ferroelectric material also has a high dielectric constant value, such that it is suitable for use in Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (FeRAM) and microwaves. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize thin BT-BZT films with annealing temperature variations of 700 °C, 750 °C, and 800 °C. To achieve this, the sol-gel method was applied to Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) substrate, a selected technique for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. The electrochemical properties were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The research results show that at a frequency of 100 Hz, the highest dielectric constant obtained was 58975.43 at a temperature of 800 °C. This temperature has the highest resistance compared to other samples. The highest capacitance value is 2.9 µF at a temperature of 700 oC. Therefore, it was concluded that the annealing temperature influenced the dielectric constant and the capacitance values of the capacitor. 02BaTiO3 BaTiO 0 2BaTiO3 0.2BaTiO 08BaZr05Ti05O3 BaZrTiO 8BaZr0 5Ti0 5O3 BaZr Ti O 0.8BaZr0.5Ti0.5O BTBZT BT BZT (BT-BZT sensors manufacturing FeRAM (FeRAM microwaves Therefore 70 C °C 75 80 solgel sol gel FTO (FTO substrate costeffectiveness. costeffectiveness cost effectiveness. effectiveness cost-effectiveness EIS. EIS . (EIS) 10 Hz 5897543 58975 43 58975.4 samples 29 2 9 2. oC 02BaTiO 2BaTiO 08BaZr05Ti05O 8BaZr 5Ti 5O 7 8 (EIS 1 589754 5897 4 58975. 589 58 5

The integration of Inconel 718 (IN718) and Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) based wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) for wall fabrication with a near-net shape and low buy-to-fly ratio presents a novel and promising approach with potential applications in various industrial sectors, including aerospace and automotive industries. This research aims to investigate the microstructure and mechanical anisotropy of thin-walled IN718 components that were produced using CMT based WAAM, and to compare the properties of as-deposited and heat-treated samples that underwent aerospace (AMS5663) procedures. To characterize the microstructure of the specimens, we employed optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and an element probe microanalyzer (EPMA). Tensile and hardness tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the specimens. Our results revealed that the as-deposited samples exhibited a dendritic microstructure with a high degree of segregation, leading to lower mechanical strength than that of the heat-treated specimens. Precipitated heat treatment promoted the precipitation of strengthening phases, such as gamma prime and carbides, improving the mechanical properties. In contrast, the precipitated heat-treated specimens exhibited a more refined microstructure with equiaxed grains and a significantly enhanced mechanical strength. This study provides critical insights into optimizing the material for different applications, leading to the development of more efficient and effective parts. 71 IN (IN718 (CMT WAAM (WAAM nearnet near net buytofly buy fly sectors industries thinwalled thin walled IN71 asdeposited deposited heattreated treated AMS5663 AMS (AMS5663 procedures SEM (SEM EDS (EDS EPMA. EPMA . (EPMA) segregation phases carbides contrast parts 7 (IN71 IN7 AMS566 (AMS566 (EPMA (IN7 AMS56 (AMS56 (IN AMS5 (AMS5 (AMS

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology depends on the implemented selective laser melting (SLM) process. A good comprehension of its parameters is required to perform an efficient SLM process. Therefore, this study develops a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model to simulate the SLM process based on a novel approach (particle by particle) and analyze its operating parameters. The model is based on the classical physics laws to formulate the governing equations and solve them in the ANSYS FLUENT software WORKBENCH R19.1. Melting of stainless steel 316L powder particles was considered a case study where laser power, scanning speed, and spot diameter were considered steady parameters. A User Define Function (UDF) is written in C-language to define the heat source and its parameters, and then it is run over the cell face center in every time step. A parametric study was conducted for three of the SLM main parameters; laser power, spot diameter, and scanning speed. The model was verified through the validation process, which confirmed the model's accuracy and reliability. The model outcomes revealed a proportional relationship between the laser power and each melting temperature and liquid mass fraction for a fixed spot diameter and scanning speed. Moreover, a higher energy density is achieved for a smaller laser spot diameter, which yields a higher liquid fraction and melt temperature. AM (AM (SLM Therefore CFD (CFD particle R191 R R19 1 R19.1 L speed UDF (UDF Clanguage C language step models s reliability Moreover R1 R19.