Abstract The aim was to estimate the minimum number of plants required per plot to assess the anthracnose severity by artificial inoculation of V2 stage plants. Seventy-eight carioca common bean cultivars were inoculated in 13 experiments to assess its reaction to races 65, 73, 81, and 89 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Sample sizes ranged from one to nine plants were adopted to setting the number of plants per plot. A total of 1000 samplings were performed for each sample size. The following parameters were estimated in each sampling: accuracy, coefficient of variation and Pearson's correlation. The mean values of each parameter in the 1000 samplings for each sample size were subjected to quadratic regression with a plateau as a function of sample size for each experiment. Six plants per plot were needed to assess the severity of anthracnose by artificially inoculating the pathogen on common bean plants at the V2 stage. V Seventyeight Seventy eight 1 65 73 81 8 lindemuthianum 100 sampling accuracy Pearsons Pearson s correlation experiment 6 7 10

Abstract We aimed to estimate genetic parameters and select sorghum lines for forage purposes based on agronomic and chemical traits. A total of 100 inbred lines, comprising the biomass/bmr, biomass, dual purpose (sweet/forage), and forage types, were evaluated in the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 crop years. We analyzed the data using a linear mixed model approach. Genetic variance, line mean-based heritability, selection accuracy, genetic correlation between traits and crops and the coefficient of experimental variation were estimated. The breeding values of the lines were predicted, and the factor analysis and genotype-ideotype distance index based on BLUP (FAI-BLUP) were applied for multi-trait selection. Biomass production and cell wall composition traits were measured. There was genetic variation among the lines, with moderate to high heritability. The lines selected by the FAI-BLUP index resulted in significant genetic gains expected with selection for all traits. 10 biomassbmr biomass bmr biomass/bmr sweet/forage, sweetforage sweet/forage , sweet (sweet/forage) types 20202021 2020 2021 2020/202 20212022 2022 2021/202 years approach variance meanbased mean heritability accuracy estimated predicted genotypeideotype genotype ideotype FAIBLUP FAI (FAI-BLUP multitrait multi trait measured 1 (sweet/forage 2020202 202 2020/20 2021202 2021/20 202020 20 2020/2 202120 2021/2 20202 2 2020/ 20212 2021/

Abstract Lipids are compounds that play an important role in coffee bean development, contributing to beverage quality. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted to pinpoint quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) linked to lipid metabolism in Coffea arabica. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and phenotyping data from 104 wild C. arabica accessions, Mundo Novo cultivar, and C. arabica var. Typica were utilized. GBS data were aligned to C. arabica Et039 reference genome, and both single-locus and multi-locus GWAS methods were employed. Methods were adjusted for kinship matrix, population structure, and principal component analysis. Of the 19 QTNs identified, 5 showed consistency across different population structure adjustments. The multi-locus methods mrMLM and FarmCPU proved more effective in identifying QTNs associated with lipid content. Four QTNs were situated near seven genes potentially involved in lipid metabolism. Higher frequencies of identified QTNs in accessions with elevated lipid content suggest their utility as markers for coffee plant breeding. development quality Genomewide Genome wide (GWAS (QTNs (GBS 10 C cultivar var utilized Et Et03 genome singlelocus single locus multilocus multi employed matrix analysis 1 adjustments breeding Et0

Abstract NCED1 (9-cis-epoxy carotenoid dioxygenase) plays important roles in controlling ABA levels and drought stress tolerance. The relationships between sequence polymorphisms of the TaNCED1 gene and drought resistance in wheat were analysed. Four allelic variations of the TaNCED1-5B generated to drought resistance were identified. Four groups of KASP (kompetitive allele-specific PCR) markers were developed based on the four alleles and were verified in a natural population of 311 wheat cultivars. The distribution of the four alleles of TaNCED1-5B in the natural population was clarified. Among the allelic variations, 84.62% of the wheat varieties with TT/-/C/-,TT/C/C/-,TT/-/C/G or TT/C/C/G haplotypes were dryland cultivars. The common feature of the above four haplotypes is that they all contain the TT (98) and C (343) alleles at the TaNCED1-5B-TT/CG (98) and TaNCED1-5B-C/T (343) loci, which indicated that these two locis had highly positive correlation with drought resistance in wheat. NCED 9cisepoxy cisepoxy 9 cis epoxy dioxygenase tolerance TaNCED analysed TaNCED15B TaNCEDB 5B B identified kompetitive allelespecific allele specific PCR 31 cultivars clarified 8462 84 62 84.62 TT//C/,TT/C/C/,TT//C/G TTCTTCCTTCG TT/ /C/ ,TT/C/C/ ,TT/ /C/G G TTCCG 98 (98 343 (343 TaNCED15BTT/CG TaNCED15BTTCG TaNCEDBTTCG TT/CG CG TaNCED15BC/T TaNCED15BCT TaNCEDBCT C/T T loci 3 846 8 6 84.6 /C TTCC ,TT/C/C ,TT (9 34 (34 TaNCED15BTT BTT BTTCG TTCG TaNCED15BC BC BCT CT 84. ( (3 TaNCEDBTT TaNCEDBC

Abstract The goal of this research was to evaluate the flooding tolerance of sugarcane genotypes under recurring floods of both plant and ratoon canes. Control and recurring flood conditions were compared using 10 sugarcane genotypes. As a result of the flooding, cane height increased and tillering decreased. Flooding reduced cane yield and commercial cane sugar (CCS) yield, as well as the percentage of polarization (POL), purity, and CCS in sugarcane juice. Sugarcane flood tolerance varied by genotype, with KPS01-4-29 and SP94-2-483 having the highest flooding tolerance index and KK07-037, K95-84, and KK07-599 having the highest yield under flooded conditions. Furthermore, under flooded conditions, a relationship between yield traits, cane height, and cane number was observed in sugarcane (r = 0.45* to 0.92**). As a result of our research, flood-tolerant sugarcane genotypes could be selected. Sugarcane genotype selection for flooding tolerance could include cane height and cane number as indirect traits. canes 1 decreased (CCS POL, POL , (POL) purity juice KPS01429 KPS KPS01 4 29 KPS01-4-2 SP942483 SP SP94 2 483 SP94-2-48 KK07037, KK07037 KK KK07 037, 037 KK07-037 K9584, K9584 K K95 84, 84 K95-84 KK07599 599 KK07-59 Furthermore traits r 045 0 45 0.45 0.92**. 092 0.92** . 92 0.92**) floodtolerant tolerant selected (POL KPS0142 KPS0 KPS01-4- SP94248 SP9 48 SP94-2-4 KK0703 KK0 03 KK07-03 K958 K9 8 K95-8 KK0759 59 KK07-5 04 0.4 09 0.92* 9 KPS014 KPS01-4 SP9424 SP94-2- KK070 KK07-0 K95- KK075 5 KK07- 0. 0.92 KPS01- SP942 SP94-2 0.9 SP94-

Abstract In many cases, traditional analysis of breeding trials based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) do not allow a suitable genetic evaluation. Alternatively, mixed model-based approaches create the possibility of dealing with unbalanced data and modeling spatial trends. The aims of this study were to compare the goodness-of-fit of the model and the genotype ranking through different residual modeling approaches and to select the best performing tropical wheat genotypes based on the best-fitting model. A panel of tropical wheat genotypes was evaluated in three field trials conducted between 2020 and 2021 for grain yield. Linear mixed model analyses were used on the data to estimate the genetic parameters and to predict the genotypic values in analyses of single- and multi-environment trials. Accounting for spatial trends in the analyses of single- and multi-environment trials provides better outcomes than the compound symmetry model does. cases ANOVA (ANOVA evaluation Alternatively modelbased goodnessoffit goodness fit bestfitting fitting 202 yield single multienvironment multi environment does 20 2

Abstract The ornamental kale, scientifically known as Brassica oleracea var. acephala, stands out as an attractive plant admired for its vibrant leaves that grace the winter season. Notably, the hybrid KTOK-28-1 × KTOK-40-1 demonstrated the highest embryogenesis rate, yielding 56.12 embryos per Petri dish. This efficiency largely hinges on the characteristics of the donor plants used. Through flow cytometry analysis, approximately 61% of spontaneous doubled haploids (DH) were identified. These individuals exhibited normal flower development and successfully produced seeds when subjected to bud pollination. The compatibility index values exhibited variation among different DH lines, ranging from 1.0 to 13.12. This diversity is promising for the development of superior hybrids. Noteworthy among the DHs were KTDH-52, KTDH-56, and KTDH-57, exhibiting suitability for various horticultural traits. The emergence of these novel DH lines suggests their potential contribution to future breeding programs aimed at producing superior-quality hybrids. kale var acephala season Notably KTOK281 KTOK 28 1 KTOK-28- KTOK401 40 KTOK-40- rate 5612 56 12 56.1 dish used analysis 61 (DH identified pollination 10 0 1. 1312 13 13.12 hybrids KTDH52, KTDH52 KTDH 52, 52 KTDH-52 KTDH56, KTDH56 56, KTDH-56 KTDH57, KTDH57 57, 57 KTDH-57 traits superiorquality quality KTOK28 2 KTOK-28 KTOK40 4 KTOK-40 561 5 56. 6 131 13.1 KTDH5 KTDH-5 KTOK2 KTOK-2 KTOK4 KTOK-4 13. KTDH- KTOK-

Abstract BRS Boitatá and BRS Ocauçu cassava cultivars for the industry have high root and starch yields and high starch contents in first-cycle and second-cycle harvests, medium tolerance to the main diseases, adequate architecture for mechanized planting and stability in starch contents. firstcycle first cycle secondcycle second harvests diseases

Abstract The climatic and edaphic conditions of the semi-arid Brazilian Northeast region limit the production of several annual crops, including cotton. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and select water stress tolerant cotton lines based on yield and fiber quality traits. Twenty cotton lines were evaluated in Alagoinha-PB over two years under rainfed conditions. Individual and joint analysis of variance was performed on the data. Genetic parameters were determined, and lines were selected using the selection index. The lines CNPA SA 2019-115, CNPA SA 2019-185, CNPA SA 2019-109, and CNPA SA 2019-165 were selected for further tests in the region for recommendation of new cultivars. These lines can form new blocks of crosses, together with the BRS 286 check cultivar, as they have the best mean yield and fiber quality values, with the expectation of significant genetic gains. semiarid semi arid crops traits AlagoinhaPB Alagoinha PB data determined index 2019115, 2019115 2019 115, 115 2019-115 2019185, 2019185 185, 185 2019-185 2019109, 2019109 109, 109 2019-109 2019165 165 2019-16 cultivars crosses 28 cultivar values gains 201911 201 11 2019-11 201918 18 2019-18 201910 10 2019-10 201916 16 2019-1 2 20191 20 1 2019-

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate chemical characteristics and biological activity of progenies from the first cycle of recurrent selection of Varronia curassavica in order to identify promising progenies for the next stages of the breeding program. The seeds were collected from the parental accession VCUR-503 (chemotype E-caryophyllene/viridiflorol) and subsequently sown in seedling containers and transplanted to the field. The essential oil was extracted 300 days after transplanting, and the levels of E-caryophyllene and viridiflorol were analyzed, as well as their activity against the protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Application of the recurrent selection method resulted in increased levels of both compounds. The levels of E-caryophyllene (0.00-23.61%) and viridiflorol (0.00-64.74%) exhibited significant variation within the population under study. The essential oil rich in viridiflorol from progenies led to high mortality (72%) of the protozoan. Promising progenies for the second cycle of recurrent selection were identified based on the variables analyzed. program VCUR503 VCUR 503 VCUR-50 chemotype Ecaryophyllene/viridiflorol Ecaryophylleneviridiflorol E caryophyllene/viridiflorol caryophyllene E-caryophyllene/viridiflorol field 30 transplanting Ecaryophyllene analyzed multifiliis compounds 0.0023.61% 0002361 0.00 23.61% 0 00 23 61 (0.00-23.61% 0.0064.74% 0006474 64.74% 64 74 (0.00-64.74% 72% 72 (72% VCUR50 50 VCUR-5 caryophylleneviridiflorol 3 0023 0.0023.61 000236 000 0.0 2361 23.61 2 6 (0.00-23.61 0064 0.0064.74 000647 6474 64.74 7 (0.00-64.74 (72 VCUR5 5 VCUR- 002 0.0023.6 00023 0. 236 23.6 (0.00-23.6 006 0.0064.7 00064 647 64.7 (0.00-64.7 (7 0.0023. 0002 23. (0.00-23. 0.0064. 0006 64. (0.00-64. ( 0.0023 (0.00-23 0.0064 (0.00-64 0.002 (0.00-2 0.006 (0.00-6 (0.00- (0.00 (0.0 (0. (0

Abstract Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) is an important contributor towards edible oil supply in India. Traditional Indian mustard varieties contain high proportion of 18C polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic acids) and large amounts of long-chain monounsaturated FAs, mainly erucic acid, in seeds. Oleate desaturase (FAD2) regulates the composition of 18C PUFAs in cellular membranes and TAG in seed oil. The present study was conducted to gain insight into the allelic diversity of the FAD2 gene in Indian mustard. Analyses of cloned FAD2 genes of three Indian mustard varieties revealed a novel FAD2 gene that has a longer ORF (1167 bp) owing to insertions and several SNPs across its length that distinguish it from the more prevalent native FAD2 gene. Overall, the Indian mustard varieties possess three FAD2 alleles, but there is limited nucleotide diversity among members of each FAD2 type across varieties, suggesting narrow genetic diversity among the varieties examined. Brassica juncea India C linoleic longchain long chain FAs acid seeds FAD (FAD2 1167 (116 bp Overall alleles examined (FAD 116 (11 11 (1 1 (

Abstract Genetically modified (GM) crops have been on the market for almost 27 years and since the beginning have been protected by intellectual property (IP) rights that restrict their use and commercialization by third parties. In addition, their development is typically associated with elevated costs, making their production by public research institutions extremely difficult, especially in developing countries. Nevertheless, many patents for the first generation of GM crops have already expired, and others will do so soon, opening the path to generic GM crops. Using technologies in the public domain makes it possible to deliver GM seeds adapted to the local environment at affordable prices. This paper describes the development of the first Latin American off-patent GM corn and discusses the relevant IP and regulatory issues that allowed its commercial release in Colombia. The approach exposed here can be utilized for other crops or characteristics of agronomic interest. (GM 2 (IP parties addition costs difficult countries Nevertheless expired soon prices offpatent off patent Colombia interest

Abstract Identification of early haploids is necessary to increase the efficiency of the double haploid production. The objectives were to determine the effectiveness of early selection of haploid seedling and to investigate the haploid inducers and donor tropical supersweet corn interactions, based on stomatal guard cell length. Two haploid inducers, three supersweet corn populations and its six combinations of F1's diploid and haploid, classified based on the expression of the R1-navajo gene and by the colors of the first leaf sheath in seedlings at the V2 stage, were used. From each seedling of the treatments, external epidermal impressions were taken to measure the stomatal guard cell length. F1 haploids showed a 32.7% to 38.2% reduction in guard cell length compared to F1 diploids. The parents contributed differently to reduce or increase guard cell length in the F1's combinations, but without specific interactions between parents. production F1s Fs s F R1navajo Rnavajo R1 navajo R V stage used treatments 327 32 7 32.7 382 38 2 38.2 diploids 3 32. 38.

Abstract Hanyou 3015 is a new Indica hybrid of water-saving and drought-resistance rice (WDR), combining rapid maturation and high yield potential. Whole genome sequencing results show that Hanyou 3015 carries many superior alleles that could explain its drought tolerance, high water use efficiency, rapid maturation, and wide adaptability. 301 watersaving saving droughtresistance resistance WDR, WDR , (WDR) potential tolerance efficiency adaptability 30 (WDR 3

Abstract The objective of this study was to introduce new cultivars of Capsicum frutescens L. (pepper) with resistance to anthracnose. 'UNEMAT Pedro' is characterized by its red fruits, while 'UNEMAT Malagueta Pantaneira' is hybrid with orange‒red fruits. Both cultivars exhibit a semi-perennial growth cycle, a pungent fruit flavour, and high productivity. L pepper (pepper anthracnose UNEMAT Pedro fruits Pantaneira orangered orange semiperennial semi perennial cycle flavour productivity