Aim With the significant increase in life expectancy over the last decades, it is important to understand how oral health can impact the oral health-related quality of life of older adults. This study aimed to investigate the association between need to replace dentures and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among older adults belonging to a Cohort in southern Brazil. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the 2019 Pelotas Elderly Cohort. The OHRQoL was assessed using the GOHAI. Need to replace dentures was self-report using a question dichotomized into yes/no. In the statistical analysis, unadjusted and adjusted models estimate from linear regression models were calculated. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results A total of 493 older adults were included. On the GOHAI questionnaire, the mean score was 32.74 (SD±0.16). Individuals considering need of prosthesis replacement were 47.89%. Report of need to replace dentures was associated to lowest mean on the GOHAI score (β -1.14; 95%CI - 1.80; -0.478, and on the physical (β -0.56; 95%CI - 0.94 -0.17) and psychosocial (β -0.48; 95%CI - 0.74; -0.22) dimensions. Conclusion Our findings highlight the importance of also considering subjective measures of oral health in the dental care of older adults, since reporting the need for denture replacement, regardless of the reason, was associated with a worse oral health-related quality of life, including physical and psychosocial aspects. decades healthrelated related (OHRQoL Brazil crosssectional cross sectional 201 selfreport self report yesno yes no yes/no analysis calculated 5 5% 49 included questionnaire 3274 32 74 32.7 SD±0.16. SD016 SD SD±0.16 . 0 16 (SD±0.16) 4789 47 89 47.89% β 1.14 114 1 14 -1.14 95CI CI 95 1.80 180 80 0.478, 0478 478 -0.478 0.56 056 56 -0.56 094 94 0.9 0.17 017 17 -0.17 0.48 048 48 -0.48 0.74 074 0.22 022 22 -0.22 dimensions reason aspects 20 4 327 3 7 32. SD01 SD±0.1 (SD±0.16 8 47.89 1.1 11 -1.1 9 1.8 18 0.478 047 -0.47 0.5 05 -0.5 09 0. 0.1 01 -0.1 0.4 04 -0.4 0.7 07 0.2 02 2 -0.2 SD0 SD±0. (SD±0.1 47.8 1. -1. 0.47 -0. SD±0 (SD±0. 47. -1 -0 SD± (SD±0 (SD± (SD

Aim This present study aims to compare the data from the Brazilian Unified Health System on the number of clinical consultations of Oral Medicine from the first 6 months (March-August 2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil with the last 6 months (September-February 2020/2021) to update the data, verify the measures’ effectiveness to return clinical activities in the following months. Methods perform a literature review of recent articles that report the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Oral Medicine. Results There was an increase in the number of Oral Medicine clinical consultations in the second half of the pandemic throughout Brazil (+64.2%), representing over 9,235 appointments in this period. Conclusion measures for the return of health assistance and the practice of Telemedicine proved to be effective after the second period of the pandemic. Even so, strengthening security measures against the coronavirus is essential to ward off a new wave since the Omicron variant emerged in the country and, consequently, possible new lockdowns that might affect healthcare in Brazil. MarchAugust March August 2020 COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 SeptemberFebruary September February 2020/2021 20202021 2021 +64.2%, 642 +64.2% , 64 2 (+64.2%) 9235 9 235 9,23 so consequently 202 COVID1 1 COVID- 2020/202 2020202 +64.2 (+64.2% 923 23 9,2 20 2020/20 202020 +64. (+64.2 92 9, 2020/2 20202 +64 (+64. 2020/ +6 (+64 + (+6 (+ (

The maintenance of adequate fluoride (F) concentration in the public water supply is fundamental for ensuring that the community use of F can reach the maximum benefit for caries control and minimum risk for dental fluorosis. Thus, surveillance systems must use accurate and valid analytical methods to determine F concentration and, according to the literature, give preference to the ion-specific electrode (F- ISE) analysis. Aim The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of the ISE and SPADNS methods in the determination of the F concentration in the same water sample. Methods Duplicate water samples were taken from 30 sampling sites in the municipality of Maringá, state of Paraná, monthly for 12 months, totaling 276 samples. An aliquot was analyzed by the FOP-UNICAMP Oral Biochemistry laboratory, using the F- ISE method, and the other one, by the SANEPAR laboratory in Maringá/PR, using the SPADNS method. Descriptive analysis and Pearson’s correlation test were applied, with a significant level of p<0.05. Results Results were expressed as ppm F (mg F/L), and a very strong positive correlation (r= 0.91; p<0.001) was detected between the two methods of analysis. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the determination of fluoride concentration in water can be made with accuracy by the SPADNS method, a standardized analysis protocol. (F fluorosis Thus literature ionspecific ion specific sample 3 Maringá Paraná 1 months 27 FOPUNICAMP FOP UNICAMP method one MaringáPR PR Maringá/PR Pearsons Pearson s applied p005 p 0 05 p<0.05 mg F/L, FL F/L , L F/L) r= r (r 0.91 091 91 p<0.001 p0001 001 protocol 2 p00 p<0.0 0.9 09 9 p<0.00 p000 00 p0 p<0. 0. p<0 p<

Aim This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-perceived oral health and the prosthetic status of individuals who seek care in prosthodontics clinics. Methods Self-perceived oral health was analyzed through the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Abutment tooth mobility was assessed, and denture status was determined by clinical assessment of stability, retention, occlusal balance, vertical dimension, and integrity of dentures. The frequency of individuals in each variable was determined for the low and very low GOHAI conditions. Chi-square, Pearson, and stepwise logistic regression tests were used for the statistical analyses (α = 0.05). Results Ninety wearers of removable dentures with a mean age of 55.1±9.1 years were evaluated. None of the variables was related to GOHAI values (p > 0.05). The regression analysis showed that age predicts (p = 0.006) the variation of GOHAI conditions (OR = 0.924, CI = 0.873-0.978), showing only 7.6% protective effect against very low GOHAI. Unsatisfactory stability showed the opposite effect (p = 0.034) and the individuals with this characteristic are more likely (OR = 3.055) to have very low GOHAI scores (CI = 1.085-8.602). Conclusions The self-perceived oral health of wearers of removable dentures worsens with age and unsatisfactory stability of dentures. selfperceived self perceived clinics Selfperceived Self . (GOHAI) assessed retention balance dimension Chisquare, Chisquare Chi square, square Chi-square Pearson α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) 55191 55 1 9 55.1±9. evaluated p 0.006 0006 006 OR 0924 924 0.924 0.8730.978, 08730978 0.873 0.978 , 873 978 0.873-0.978) 76 7 6 7.6 0.034 0034 034 3.055 3055 3 055 1.0858.602. 10858602 1.085 8.602 085 8 602 1.085-8.602) (GOHAI 00 0.0 5519 5 55.1±9 0.00 000 092 92 0.92 8730 0.8730.978 0873097 0873 0.87 0978 0.97 87 97 0.873-0.978 7. 0.03 003 03 3.05 305 0858 1.0858.602 1085860 1085 1.08 8602 8.60 08 60 1.085-8.602 0. 551 55.1± 09 0.9 0.8730.97 087309 087 0.8 097 0.873-0.97 3.0 30 1.0858.60 108586 108 1.0 860 8.6 1.085-8.60 55.1 0.8730.9 08730 0.873-0.9 3. 1.0858.6 10858 10 1. 86 8. 1.085-8.6 55. 0.8730. 0.873-0. 1.0858. 1.085-8. 0.8730 0.873-0 1.0858 1.085-8 0.873- 1.085-

Aim The main purpose of this study was to conduct a narrative review investigating the possible relationship between permanent maxillary anterior teeth and anthropometric facial parameters in different populations. Methods Searches were performed in the PubMed, BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) and SciELO databases to identify relevant scientific articles using the following search terms: “maxillary anterior teeth”, “facial measurements” and “anthropometry”, in such a way that 218 publications were found. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 publications remained for full-text reading. Results All studies involved male and female samples and it was notorious that male measurements were unanimously higher than those obtained in the opposite sex. The age of the analyzed participants ranged from 17 to 60 years; however, a mean age of 18 to 25 years was the most investigated in literature. In addition, facial measurements including the bizygomatic width, interpupillary distance, intercanthal distance, interalar width and intercommissural width have been proposed to help determine the correct size of anterior teeth. Conclusion It was concluded that despite the limited number of studies, some factors that influence dental and facial dimensions, such as sex and age, can be identified. However, there is no standardization of the facial or dental parameters used in the studies, a fact that makes it difficult to establish a universal ratio for clinical dental practice. populations PubMed Biblioteca Saúde terms teeth, , teeth” anthropometry, anthropometry “anthropometry” 21 found criteria 1 fulltext full text reading 6 however 2 literature addition distance dimensions identified However practice “anthropometry

Aim Burnout syndrome describes the state of long-term physical, emotional and mental exhaustion related to work. This syndrome can cause health problems related to stress, insomnia, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases, including an increase in alcohol consumption and drug use. It is important to recognize the presence of the initial signs of this syndrome, therefore this study aimed to determine the prevalence of the burnout syndrome in peruvian dental students. Methods The study was observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive. It was carried out from September to November 2018, and it included a total of 154 dental students of four universities of La Libertad region, surveyed by census method. Three were private universities and one was public. Burnout was evaluated through the Maslach Burnout Student Survey Questionnaire (MBI-SS). The results were presented in absolute and percentage frequencies, as well as confidence intervals, using double-entry tables. Results It was found that 24.68% of the students (24.71% in male students and 24.64% in female students) presented burnout syndrome. The public university of Trujillo presented the highest percentage of affected students (47.37%). A prevalence of 53,90% of emotional exhaustion was also found among the students under evaluation. Conclusions Almost a quarter of the students surveyed presented burnout. It was also observed that the public University of Trujillo had a higher percentage of burnout than the three private ones. The percentage of prevalence of the burnout syndrome according to sex was similar. However according to dimensions, emotional exhaustion presented the highest percentage. longterm long term physical work stress insomnia diseases use observational crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional descriptive 2018 15 region method MBISS. MBISS MBI SS . (MBI-SS) frequencies intervals doubleentry double entry tables 2468 24 68 24.68 24.71% 2471 71 (24.71 2464 64 24.64 47.37%. 4737 47.37% 47 37 (47.37%) 5390 53 90 53,90 evaluation ones similar dimensions 201 1 (MBI-SS 246 2 6 24.6 24.71 247 7 (24.7 473 47.37 4 3 (47.37% 539 5 9 53,9 20 24. 24.7 (24. 47.3 (47.37 53, (24 47. (47.3 (2 (47. ( (47 (4

Aim To evaluate the surface roughness and color stability of bulk-fill resin composites after simulated toothbrushing with whitening dentifrices. The radioactive/relative dentin abrasion (RDA) and radioactive/relative enamel abrasion (REA) of dentifrices were also assessed. Methods Specimens (n=10) of Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill (TNCB), Filtek One Bulk Fill (FOB) resin composites, and Z100(Control) were prepared using a cylindrical Teflon matrix. Surface roughness (Ra, μm) was assessed by a roughness meter and the color evaluations (ΔEab, ΔE00, WID) were performed using a digital spectrophotometer based on the CIELAB system. Three measurements were performed per sample, before and after simulated toothbrushing with 3D Oral-B White Perfection (3DW) and Black is White (BW) dentifrices. The abrasivity (REA and RDA values) of the used dentifrices was also determined by the Hefferren abrasivity test. Results The Ra values increased significantly in all resin composites after 3DW and BW toothbrushing. The acceptable threshold color varied among resin composites, and TNCB and Z100 presented the highest ΔEab and ΔE00 for BW dentifrice. The 3DW dentifrice was significantly more abrasive than BW dentifrice on enamel and dentin. Conclusions simulated toothbrushing with tested whitening dentifrices increased the surface roughness at acceptable levels. The Tetric N Ceram Bulk-fill and Z100 composite showed the highest color alteration in BW. 3D White Perfection dentifrice was more abrasive on dentin and enamel than Black is White. bulkfill bulk fill radioactiverelative radioactive relative (RDA REA n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10 TNCB, , (TNCB) FOB (FOB Z100Control ZControl Control Z Z100(Control matrix Ra, (Ra μm ΔEab, (ΔEab ΔE WID system sample D OralB Oral B DW (3DW (BW test Z10 ΔE0 levels Bulkfill n=1 n1 1 (n=1 (TNCB Z1 n= (n= (n

Aim Hyposalivation and dry mouth affect the quality of life in patients with Head and Neck Cancer, who did the treatment with radiotherapy. Thus this study has the objective to evaluate the dosimetric relationship between 3D radiotherapy and changes in salivary flow, xerostomia and quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer according to the volume of the irradiated parotid gland. Methods 23 patients with cancer in the head and neck area and in need of 3D radiotherapy were followed up during radiotherapy treatment, and the parotid gland (PG) design was also performed in radiotherapy planning. Questionnaires were carried out to determine xerostomia and quality of life, while the salivary flow was determined through calculations regarding the collection and weighing of saliva. Such data were collected in three moments: before the beginning of the radiotherapy treatment (D0), in the middle of the treatment (D1) and at the end of it (D2). The numerical variables are represented by measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion. Results when associating the salivary flow, the xerostomia questionnaire and the OHIP-14, a statistically significant difference was found (p-value <0.001), as well as when comparing some volumes of irradiated PG with the OHIP-14. However, no relationship was found between dosimetric data, xerostomia and hyposalivation. Conclusion patients undergoing 3D radiotherapy for malignant neoplasms in the head and neck region had decreased salivary flow, increased complaints of dry mouth and decreased quality of life. However, it was not possible to establish a statistically significant correlation between these findings and the volumes of irradiated parotids. Cancer D 2 (PG planning saliva moments D0, D0 , (D0) D1 (D1 D2. D2 . (D2) dispersion OHIP14, OHIP14 OHIP 14, 14 OHIP-14 pvalue p value <0.001, 0001 <0.001 0 001 <0.001) OHIP14. 14. However hyposalivation parotids (D0 (D (D2 OHIP1 1 OHIP-1 000 <0.00 00 OHIP- <0.0 <0. <0 <

Aim To evaluate changes in the surface roughness and morphology of a nanofilled composite following toothbrushing with a whitening (WT) or regular toothpaste (RT), alone or combined with 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching (HP). Methods Seventy disc-shaped nanofilled composite (Filtek Z350XT) specimens were randomly divided into groups (n=10): WT, RT, TB (without toothpaste – control) or the combinations WT/HP, RT/HP, TB/HP and HP. All groups underwent toothbrushing simulation (60,000 cycles) and bleaching treatment (4 sessions). Mean surface roughness (Ra, μm) was measured before (T0) and after treatments (TB). Surface morphology was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at TB. Mean Ra was analyzed using general mixed models and multiple comparisons by the Tukey-Kramer test (α=5%). Results HP caused no surface roughness changes on the nanofilled composite after treatment (p>0.05). RT toothbrushing, combined or not with HP, increased the surface roughness (p<0.05). WT and WT/HP protocols had no effect on the surface roughness of the composite (p>0.05). The nanofilled composite submitted to RT toothbrushing combined with HP (RT/HP) presented substantial surface alterations under SEM, showing deep depressions and round-shaped defects. Toothbrushing with RT combined with the bleaching agent increased exposure of the inorganic fillers. Conclusion WT toothbrushing, regardless of HP combination, or the single HP protocol had no effect on the surface roughness of the nanofilled composite. However, RT combined with HP negatively affected surface roughness and presented the most noticeable surface changes among groups. (WT , (RT) 35 . (HP) discshaped disc shaped Filtek Z350XT ZXT Z XT n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10) without control WTHP RTHP RT/HP TBHP 60,000 60000 60 000 (60,00 cycles 4 ( sessions. sessions sessions) Ra, (Ra μm T0 T (T0 (TB) SEM (SEM TukeyKramer Tukey Kramer α=5%. α5 α α=5% 5 (α=5%) p>0.05. p005 p p>0.05 0 05 (p>0.05) p<0.05. p<0.05 (p<0.05) (RT/HP roundshaped round defects fillers combination However (RT 3 (HP n=1 n1 1 (n=10 60,00 6000 6 00 (60,0 (T (TB α=5 (α=5% p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 p<0.0 (p<0.05 n= (n=1 60,0 600 (60, α= (α=5 p0 p>0. (p>0.0 p<0. (p<0.0 (n= 60, (60 (α= p>0 (p>0. p<0 (p<0. (n (6 (α p> (p>0 p< (p<0 (p> (p< (p

Aim To carry out a retrospective analysis of the frequency and severity of clinical signs of radioiodine (131I)-induced damage to the salivary glands in the early and long-term post-radiation periods, and identify risk factors for their occurrence in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Methods A total of 330 patients underwent thyroidectomy with dissection of lymphatic nodes. One month after surgery, all the patients received radioiodine therapy. The dose and number of courses varied depending on the stage and morphological type of the tumor. In the late post-radiation period, the patients were surveyed with the use of a standard questionnaire, which allowed retrospective assessment of the nature and severity of symptoms of radiation-induced damage, as well as the time of their onset/subsidence. Results Radiation-induced sialoadenitis of the salivary glands was observed in 51.2% of patients treated with 131I. The main symptoms included pain and discomfort in the salivary glands (51.2% of patients), swelling (48.8%), transient or permanent dry mouth (38%), and distortion of taste (38%). There were statistically significant correlations between the presence and severity of the main clinical symptoms of salivary gland irradiation. A significant relationship (r = 0.91, p < 0.001) was found between swelling of the salivary glands and the feeling of pain or discomfort, which was indicative of inflammation and retention of saliva. Conclusion The main factors influencing the formation of chronic radiation-induced sialoadenitis and the severity of the inflammatory process included the tumor stage, the total dose of radiopharmaceuticals, and the duration following radioiodine therapy. 131Iinduced Iinduced 131I induced I longterm long term postradiation post radiation periods carcinomas 33 nodes surgery therapy period questionnaire radiationinduced onsetsubsidence onset subsidence onset/subsidence Radiationinduced Radiation 512 51 2 51.2 (51.2 patients, , patients) 48.8%, 488 48.8% 48 8 (48.8%) 38%, 38 38% (38%) 38%. . irradiation r 091 0 91 0.91 0.001 0001 001 saliva radiopharmaceuticals 3 5 51. (51. 48.8 4 (48.8% (38% 09 9 0.9 0.00 000 00 (51 48. (48.8 (38 0. 0.0 (5 (48. (3 ( (48 (4

Aim This study aimed to perform an in vitro comparative analysis of the antifungal activity of different calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers against three fungal species. Methods The antifungal properties of three calcium silicate-based sealers were tested: Bio-C Sealer, Cambiar a Sealer Plus BC, and MTA-Fillapex. Two commonly used sealers were used as controls: AH Plus and Endomethasone. An agar diffusion test was performed to analyze the antifungal activity of the sealers against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and a mixed microbial culture medium. The results were analyzed using ANOVA (p <0.05). Results Endomethasone exhibited the highest inhibition against all strains examined, maintaining a consistent level of inhibition throughout 7 days. MTA-Fillapex demonstrated the best performance among the calcium silicate-based sealers for the three fungal species (p < 0.05), maintaining stable values over the 7 days, surpassing that of Endomethasone. Nevertheless, MTA-Fillapex only exhibited antimicrobial effect against the mixed culture for the first 24 hours, and no antimicrobial activity was observed at 48 hours, being surpassed by all tested sealers (p < 0.05). Conclusion Of all silicate-based sealers tested, only MTA-Fillapex exhibited promising antifungal activity. Nevertheless, care must be taken when extrapolating these results, as MTA-Fillapex exhibited poor antimicrobial activity when tested in mixed microbial cultures. silicatebased silicate based BioC Bio C BC MTAFillapex. MTAFillapex MTA Fillapex. Fillapex controls albicans glabrata tropicalis medium p <0.05. 005 <0.05 . 0 05 <0.05) examined days 0.05, 0.05 , 0.05) Nevertheless 2 hours 4 0.05. cultures 00 <0.0 0.0 <0. 0. <0

Aim In recent years, great advances have been made in the use of CAD/CAM to prepare fixed restorations. The marginal and internal fit of these restorations is a principal determinant for their clinical success. In addition, the nature of the oral environment affects the mechanical properties of these restorations. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of aging process under conditions that simulate the oral environment on the marginal adaptation, and, fracture resistance of crowns fabricated from polyether ether ketone (PEEK) using CAD/CAM methods. Methods Twenty identical crown restorations were fabricated by using CAD/CAM methods to mill polyether ether ketone (PEEK) material. These crowns were produced by using a software design of an epoxy resin replica of the prepared maxillary first premolar tooth. All PEEK crowns were cemented and randomly divided into two equal groups (A, B). Each group was divided into subgroups (A1, A2 and B1, B2). Group A1 and A2 were used to measure marginal adaptation and fracture resistance, respectively, before aging, while group (B1 and B2) were measured after aging. The cemented crowns were mounted in resin molds to facilitate the sectioning process. The measurements of the marginal gap were performed after sectioning at four points using a stereomicroscope. The fracture resistance of the crowns was investigated using a universal testing machine. A statistical analysis was performed using the GraphPad Prism® software version and unpaired Student’s t-test. Results The results revealed that aging affected the marginal gap, and the fracture resistance of the PEEK crowns. While aging, negatively affected the conditions under investigation, however the least significant difference of marginal gap was found in the margin region. Conclusions PEEK-CAD/CAM is considered as a good alternative prosthodontic material for fixed prostheses. The CAD/CAM technique used to make PEEK crown restorations in our study offers the advantages of high marginal accuracy and fracture resistance for long-term performance in the oral environment. years CADCAM CAD CAM success addition Therefore (PEEK tooth A, (A B. B . B) A1, (A1 B1 B2. B2 respectively (B stereomicroscope machine Prism Students Student s ttest. ttest t test. test t-test investigation region PEEKCAD/CAM PEEKCADCAM prostheses longterm long term PEEKCAD

Aim The aim of this in vitro study was to compare machine and manual cementation of prosthetic elements by measuring internal and marginal fits. Methods Eighteen anatomic prefabricated abutments were used to manufacture zirconia copings in the Ceramill (n=9) and Lava systems (n=9). The copings were cemented with a fluid consistency addition silicone using a machine (n=18) and manually (n=18) according to the replica technique. They were then cut in the buccal-palatal and mesial-distal directions. The film thickness was photographed using an optical microscope and measured in the internal and marginal regions. The data collected were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test (∂=.05). The Bland-Altman test was performed to evaluate the agreement between the methods. Results In the evaluation of the internal and marginal misfits, the mean values observed for the cementation performed with the aid of a machine and manually, were as follows: angular regions, 76.7 µm and 76.2 µm; linear regions, 60.6 µm and 60.7 µm; incisal region, 144.8 µm and 145.2 µm; marginal region, 40.1 µm and 40.2 µm; and overall mean, 80.4 µm and 80.6 µm, respectively. No significant differences were found between the 2 methods, for any of regions and systems (P>.05). The Bland-Altman test showed agreement between the methods (P>.05) and that the limits of agreement found were clinically acceptable. Conclusions Within the limitations of this in vitro study, we can conclude that cementation using manual techniques or mechanical aid produces the same cement films. fits n=9 n9 n 9 (n=9 n=9. . n=18 n18 18 (n=18 technique buccalpalatal buccal palatal mesialdistal mesial distal directions Bonferronis Bonferroni s ∂=.05. 05 ∂=.05 (∂=.05) BlandAltman Bland Altman misfits follows 767 76 7 76. 762 606 60 6 60. 607 region 1448 144 8 144. 1452 145 145. 401 40 1 40. 402 804 80 4 80. 806 respectively P>.05. P05 P P>.05 (P>.05 acceptable films n= (n= n=1 n1 (n=1 0 ∂=.0 (∂=.05 14 P0 P>.0 (P>.0 (n ∂=. (∂=.0 P>. (P>. ∂= (∂=. P> (P> ∂ (∂= (P (∂ (

Aim This study aimed to evaluate the millimeter distances and active tip diameters of different periodontal probes. Methods Two types of periodontal probes were analyzed (North Carolina (15-UNC) and PCP-12). Two manufacturers were selected for each probe type. Digital images of the probes were obtained and the distances were measured using a software program. The diameter of the active tip was measured using a digital caliper. Both variables were measured by two trained and calibrated examiners. The data were analyzed using the Bland-Altman method and two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results A comparison of measurements between the 15-UNC and PCP-12 probes showed a significant difference in all millimeter markings. The 15-UNC probe showed differences between the 3 and 12 mm markings. The PCP-12 probe only showed differences between the marks at the 12 mm mark. The 15-UNC probe had a similar active tip diameter between the two manufacturers. The PCP-12 probe showed a significant difference between the two manufacturers. Both types of probes had similar active tip diameters when compared by the two manufacturers. Conclusion There was no standardization in relation to millimeter marks and tip diameters of the two types of periodontal probes produced by the two different manufacturers. The probe types exhibited little variability. North 15UNC UNC 15 (15-UNC PCP12. PCP12 PCP . PCP-12) type program caliper examiners BlandAltman Bland Altman twoway way Tukeys Tukey s posthoc post hoc test p005 p 0 05 p<0.05 PCP-1 markings 1 mark variability PCP1 p00 p<0.0 PCP- p0 p<0. p<0 p<

Aim Cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX) catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and thromboxanes during pain and inflammation conditions. These enzymes have also been linked to several other conditions and diseases, and hence, in dentistry, it is crucial to identify the processes that increase the levels of these mediators. This paper aims to describe the significance of COX in dental practice through a narrative review. Methods Articles relating to COX upregulation published in English and Spanish over the last 51 years in databases such as EBSCO, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Web of Science; were analyzed. Results A total of 115 articles demonstrating the relationship between COX upregulation and multiple conditions and diseases of importance in prosthodontics, periodontics, oral pathology, orthodontics, and endodontics were included. Conclusions COX upregulation is related to inflammatory and malignant diseases in oral tissues, such as periodontitis, pulpitis, and oral cancer, nevertheless, its expression is advantageous in other fields of study such as orthodontics. Additionally, is well documented that dental materials provoke an undesired increase in COX expression, which could be a significant factor that directly affects pulpal health. (COX hence dentistry mediators review 5 EBSCO Scholar Direct PubMed analyzed 11 prosthodontics periodontics pathology orthodontics included tissues periodontitis pulpitis cancer nevertheless Additionally health 1