ABSTRACT Purpose: Reflux esophagitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and irritation of the esophagus, resulting from the backflow of stomach acid and other gastric contents into the esophagus. Columbianadin is a coumarin derivative that exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, we tried to scrutinize the protective effect of Columbianadin against acute reflux esophagitis in rats. Methods: RAW 264.7 cells were utilized to assess cell viability and measure the production of inflammatory parameters. The rats received anesthesia, and reflux esophagitis was induced via ligation of pylorus and fore stomach and corpus junction. Rats received the oral administration of Columbianadin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and omeprazole (20 mg/kg). The gastric secretion volume, acidity, and pH were measured. Additionally, the levels of oxidative stress parameters, cytokines, and inflammatory markers were determined. At the end of the study, mRNA expression was assessed. Results: Columbianadin remarkably suppressed the cell viability and production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and prostaglandin (PGE2). Columbianadin treatment remarkably suppressed the secretion of gastric volume, total acidity and enhanced the pH level in the stomach. Columbianadin remarkably altered the level of hydrogen peroxidase, free iron, calcium, and plasma scavenging activity, sulfhydryl group; oxidative stress parameters like malonaldehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase; inflammatory cytokines viz., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; inflammatory parameters including PGE2, iNOS, COX-2, and nuclear kappa B factor (NF-κB). Columbianadin remarkably (P < 0.001) suppressed the mRNA expression TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Conclusions: Columbianadin demonstrated a protective effect against acute reflux esophagitis via NF-κB pathway. Purpose esophagus antiinflammatory anti effects study Methods 2647 264 7 264. anesthesia junction 25, 25 (25 5 10 mg/kg mgkg mg kg 20 (2 mg/kg. . volume measured Additionally determined assessed Results factorα α TNFα, TNFα TNF , (TNF-α) IL1β, IL1β ILβ IL 1β, 1β β (IL)-1β IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL-6 cyclooxygenase2 cyclooxygenase 2 cyclooxygenase- COX2, COX2 COX (COX-2) iNOS (iNOS) PGE2. PGE2 PGE (PGE2) peroxidase iron calcium activity group malonaldehyde dismutase catalase viz viz. α, TNF-α IL10, IL10 10, IL-10 IL17, IL17 17, 17 IL-17 protein1 protein 1 protein-1 2, COX-2 NFκB. NFκB NF κB (NF-κB) P 0.001 0001 0 001 inhibitor1. inhibitor1 inhibitor 1. inhibitor-1 Conclusions pathway 26 ( (TNF-α IL- (COX-2 (iNOS (PGE2 IL1 IL-1 protein- COX- (NF-κB 0.00 000 00 inhibitor- (COX- (PGE 0.0 (COX 0.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Osteoporosis is a bone disease which commonly occurred in postmenopausal women. Almost 10 percent of world population and approximately 30% of women (postmenopausal) suffer from this disease. Alternative medicine has great success in the treatment of osteoporosis disease. Bryodulcosigenin, a potent phytoconstituent, already displayed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect. In this study, we made effort to analyze the antiosteoporosis effect of bryodulcosigenin against ovariectomy (OVX) induced osteoporosis in rats. Methods: Swiss albino Wistar rats were grouped into fIve groups and given an oral dose of bryodulcosigenin (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg) for eight weeks. Body weight, uterus, bone mineral density, cytokines, hormones parameters, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), and its ratio were estimated. Results: Bryodulcosigenin significantly (p < 0.001) suppressed the body weight and enhanced the uterine weight and significantly (p < 0.001) increased the bone mineral density in whole femur, caput femoris, distal femur and proximal femur. Bryodulcosigenin significantly (P < 0.001) altered the level of biochemical parameters at dose dependent manner, significantly (P < 0.001) improved the level of estrogen and suppressed the level of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Bryodulcosigenin significantly (P < 0.001) improved the level of OPG and suppressed the level of RANKL. Conclusions: Bryodulcosigenin reduced the cytokines level and suppressed the TGF-β and IGF. We concluded that bryodulcosigenin is an antiosteoporosis medication based on the findings. Purpose 1 (postmenopausal phytoconstituent antiinflammatory anti inflammatory study OVX (OVX Methods 10, (10 2 3 mg/kg mgkg mg kg weeks uterus TGFβ, TGFβ TGF β, β (TGF)-β insulinlike insulin like IGF, IGF , (IGF) OPG, (OPG) kappaΒ kappa Β RANKL, RANKL (RANKL) estimated Results p 0.001 0001 0 001 femoris P manner Conclusions findings (1 (IGF (OPG (RANKL 0.00 000 00 ( 0.0 0.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study evaluated the protective effect of hesperidin on injury induced by gastric ischemia-reperfusion. Methods: Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats (250–300 g) were divided into five groups: control (C), sham (S), ischemia (I), ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and hesperidin + ischemia-reperfusion (Hes + I/R). Hesperidin was injected intraperitoneally at the dose of 100 mg/kg one hour before the experimental stomach ischemia-reperfusion. Celiac artery was ligated. After 45 minutes ischemia and 60 minutes reperfusion period, blood samples were obtained under anesthesia. Then, animals were sacrificed, stomach tissues were excised for biochemical, and histopathological analyses were performed. Malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activities and total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), protein, total thiol parameters were measured in plasma, and tissue homogenate samples. H + E, periodic acid–Schiff, hypoxia inducible factor, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling (TUNEL), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) for cell proliferation as immunohistochemical parameters were determined. Results: Upon biochemical and histopathological assessment, hesperidin decreased stomach tissue changes in comparison with IR group. Ischemia-reperfusion injury led to a considerably increase in malondialdehyde, protein, and TOS levels (p < 0.001) in stomach tissue. Hesperidin treatment significantly decreased malondialdehyde, protein, and TOS levels (p < 0.001). Hesperidin increased superoxide dismutase, TAS, total thiol and glutathione peroxidase activities in comparison with IR group. Hesperidin reduced damage and also increased TUNEL and PCNA immunoreactivity in stomach tissue. Conclusions: Hesperidin was able to decrease I/R injury of the stomach tissue due to inhibition of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, duration of antioxidant, and free radical scavenger properties. Consequently, hesperidin can provide a beneficial therapeutic choice for preventing stomach tissue ischemia-reperfusion injury in clinical application. Purpose ischemiareperfusion. ischemiareperfusion reperfusion. Methods 250–300 250300 250 300 (250–30 g groups C, C , (C) S, S (S) I, I (I) R (I/R Hes I/R. . I/R) 10 mgkg mg kg ligated 4 6 period anesthesia Then sacrificed performed dismutase TAS (TAS) TOS, (TOS) plasma E acidSchiff acid Schiff acid–Schiff factor endlabeling end labeling TUNEL, (TUNEL) (PCNA determined Results assessment group Ischemiareperfusion Ischemia malondialdehyde p 0.001 0001 0 001 0.001. Conclusions oxidation properties Consequently application 250–30 25030 25 30 (250–3 (C (S (I 1 (TAS (TOS (TUNEL 0.00 000 00 250–3 2503 2 3 (250– 0.0 250– (250 0. (25 (2 (

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the effect of ellagic acid (EA) in gingival tissues injury in rats. Methods: Twenty rats were categorized into two groups. In burn group, an excisional wound area was created by removing a 4-mm diameter flap from the left molar region in the mucoperiosteal region of the gingiva. In burn + ellagic acid group, 1.2 mg/mL EA was administered as irrigation for one week. Animals was sacrificed under anesthesia at the end of experiment. Malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and glutathione (GSH) level were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) immunostainings were applied to tissues. Results: MDA, MPO, inflammation and leukocyte infiltration were high in burn group. Degeneration epithelium, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in connective tissue areas, and dilatation and congestion in blood vessels were observed in burn group. In burn + EA group, the gingival epithelium improved, collagen fiber production increased and organized dermis were observed. After burn injury, FGF and EGF activity was increased in EA treated groups. Conclusions: We suggest that EA have the potential for better healing outcomes in oral wounds. EA seems to have promising therapeutic efficacy to enhance oral wound healing. Purpose (EA Methods groups group 4mm mm 4 gingiva 12 1 2 1. mgmL mg mL week experiment MDA , (MDA) MPO (MPO GSH (GSH measured eosin (FGF (EGF Results areas improved Conclusions wounds (MDA

ABSTRACT Purpose: To develop a new 4/6 infarct nephrectomy (INx) model rat mimicking moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to evaluate its application. Methods: We modified the conventional 5/6 INx rat model to create the 4/6 INx model by ligating the renal artery branch to induce infarction of one-third of the left kidney after right kidney removal and compared biochemically and histologically both models. To demonstrate the application of the 4/6 INx model, the effects of a supplementary compound containing calcium carbonate, chitosan, palm shell activated charcoal etc., that is effective for both CKD and its complications, were compared between both models. Results: Impairment of renal function in the 4/6 INx group was significantly more moderate than in the 5/6 INx group (P < 0.05). The 4/6 INx group showed less histological damage in kidney than in the 5/6 INx group. The supplementary compound did not improve CKD in the 5/6 INx group, but ameliorated elevation of blood urea nitrogen in the 4/6 INx group. Conclusions: We developed the 4/6 INx model, which is more moderate than the conventional 5/6 INx model. This model could potentially demonstrate the effectiveness of drugs and supplements intended to prevent CKD and its progression. Purpose 46 4 6 4/ (INx (CKD Methods 56 5 5/ onethird one third models carbonate chitosan etc etc. complications Results P 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) Conclusions progression 00 0.0 0.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) is produced by the bacterium Zoogloea sp. and plays a positive role in tissue repair. The purpose of this study was to clinically and histologically compare the effects of EPS in the healing of traumatic oral ulcers in rats with the effects of triamcinolone. Methods: Ulcers were induced in the oral mucous of 45 male Wistar rats, divided into three groups: control group, treated with triamcinolone, and treated with biopolymer gel. In the clinical evaluation, we considered the weight variation of the animals and the size of the lesion area, at baseline and on treatment days 1, 3 and 7. The histological parameters evaluated were the type and intensity of the inflammatory infiltration, the presence of necrosis and foreign body granuloma and the degree of re-epithelialization of the lesion. Results: The reduction of the lesion area was greater in the animals treated with EPS, with no difference in the intensity of the inflammatory infiltration between the groups on days 3 and 7 of treatment. Conclusions: The results suggest that topical application of EPS in traumatic oral ulcers of rats promotes faster repair than triamcinolone ointment, without increasing the intensity of inflammatory infiltration under the lesion. Purpose (EPS sp Methods 4 group gel evaluation 1 reepithelialization re epithelialization Results Conclusions ointment

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate morphological aspects and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and protein expression in a model of acute inflammation. Methods: Thirty-six female Wistar rats were assigned into three groups: control (saline, n = 12), sham (arthritis, n = 12), and PBM (arthritis and photobiomodulation, n = 12). Arthritis induction was performed with 200 μg of intra-articular Zymosan in sham and PBM animals. PBM was performed 24 h after induction with a laser device (λ = 808 nm, 25 mW of nominal power, fluence of 20 J/cm2, beam area of 0.02 mm2, time of 33 s, total energy of 0.825 J) with punctual and single dose application. Morphological analysis of joint structure (HE) and immunohistochemistry (anti-iNOS antibody) were performed on knee samples, and synovial tissue was submitted to RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and gene expression analysis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses were performed with p < 0.05. Results: It was observed an increase in the thickness of the synovial lining epithelium and inflammatory infiltrate in sham compared to PBM. Gene expression analysis showed higher iNOS expression in PBM, and iNOS protein expression decreased in PBM compared to sham. Conclusions: Photobiomodulation decreased inflammation in PBM animals, upregulated iNOS gene expression, however down egulated protein expression compared to sham. Purpose (iNOS Methods Thirtysix Thirty six groups saline, saline (saline 12, 12 , 12) arthritis, arthritis photobiomodulation 12. . intraarticular intra articular animals 2 λ 80 nm power Jcm2 Jcm J cm2 cm J/cm2 002 0 02 0.0 mm2 mm 3 s 0825 825 0.82 application HE (HE antiiNOS anti antibody samples extraction reaction 005 05 0.05 Results Conclusions 1 8 J/cm 00 0. 082 82 0.8 08

ABSTRACT Purpose: XinJiaCongRongTuSiZiWan (XJCRTSZW) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound for invigorating the kidney, nourishing blood, and promoting blood circulation. This study aimed to explore the effect of XJCRTSZW on triptolide (TP)-induced oxidative stress injury. Methods: Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats and human ovarian granulosa cell lines were treated with TP and XJCRTSZW. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, CCK-8, JC-1 staining, transmission electron microscopy, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting were performed in this study. Results: XJCRTSZW treatment observably ameliorated the TP-induced pathological symptoms. Furthermore, XJCRTSZW treatment observably enhanced the TP-induced reduction of estradiol, anti-Mullerian hormone, progesterone, superoxide dismutase, ATP content, mitochondrial membrane potential, p62, and Hsp60 mRNA, and protein levels in vivo and in vitro (p < 0.05). However, TP-induced elevation of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone concentrations, malondialdehyde levels, reactive oxygen species levels, apoptosis rate, mitophagy, and the mRNA and protein expressions of LC3-II/LC3-I, PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), and Parkin were decreased (p < 0.05). In addition, XJCRTSZW treatment markedly increased cell viability in vitro (p < 0.05). Conclusions: XJCRTSZW protects TP-induced rats from oxidative stress injury via the mitophagy-mediated PINK1/Parkin pathway. Purpose (XJCRTSZW kidney circulation TPinduced induced Methods SpragueDawley Sprague Dawley staining enzymelinked enzyme linked assay cytometry CCK8, CCK8 CCK 8, 8 CCK-8 JC1 JC JC- microscopy transcriptionquantitative transcription quantitative reaction Results symptoms Furthermore estradiol antiMullerian anti Mullerian progesterone dismutase content potential p62 p Hsp Hsp6 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) However concentrations rate mitophagy LC3II/LC3I, LC3IILC3I LCIILCI LC3 II/LC3 I, II I LC LC3-II/LC3-I PTENinduced PTEN PINK1, PINK1 PINK , (PINK1) addition Conclusions mitophagymediated mediated PINK1Parkin PINKParkin pathway CCK- p6 00 0.0 LC3II LC3I LC3II/LC3I IILC IILC3 II/LC (PINK1 0. LCII LCI (PINK

ABSTRACT Purpose: To conduct a systematic literature review with meta-analysis to identify whether antibiotic prophylaxis after removal of the indwelling urinary catheter reduces posterior infections. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in the databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, using the keywords “antibiotics” AND “prostatectomy” AND “urinary catheter.” Results: Three articles were identified having the scope of our review, with 1,040 patients, which were subjected to our meta-analysis revealing a marginally significant decrease in the risk of urinary infection after indwelling urinary catheter removal (odds ratio–OR = 0.51; 95% confidence interval–95%CI 0.27–0.98; p = 0.04; I2 = 0%). No difference was found regarding the presence of bacteriuria (OR = 0.39; 95%CI 0.12–1.24; p = 0.11; I2 = 73%). Conclusions: In our meta-analysis, there was a significant decrease in urinary tract infection with antibiotic prophylaxis after indwelling urinary catheter removal following radical prostatectomy. Purpose metaanalysis meta analysis infections Methods PubMed Embase Cochrane Scholar Literature antibiotics “antibiotics prostatectomy “prostatectomy catheter. Results 1040 1 040 1,04 patients odds ratioOR ratio OR 0.51 051 0 51 95 interval95CI intervalCI interval CI 0.27–0.98 027098 27 98 0.04 004 04 I 0%. 0% . 0%) 0.39 039 39 95CI 0.12–1.24 012124 12 24 0.11 011 11 73%. 73 73% 73%) Conclusions metaanalysis, analysis, 104 1,0 0.5 05 5 9 0.27–0.9 02709 2 0.0 00 0.3 03 3 0.12–1.2 01212 0.1 01 7 10 1, 0. 0.27–0. 0270 0.12–1. 0121 0.27–0 027 0.12–1 012 0.27– 02 0.12– 0.27 0.12 0.2

ABSTRACT Purpose: The current study aimed at evaluating the repair of a partial defect of the trachea with a muscle flap, an advanced technique that employs combined suture patterns. Methods: Sixteen healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were used as an experimental model. A partial defect in the trachea within the ventral region of the fourth to eighth tracheal ring was created. Subsequently, repair was initiated with a flap of the sternocephalicus muscle. The animals were divided into four groups for postoperative evaluation using clinical, tracheoscopic, and histopathological analyses. Each group was separated according to the time of euthanasia, programmed at interval of seven (G7), 15 (G15), 30 (G30), and 60 days (G60). Results: One animal from the G60 group died, whereas the other animals had good surgical recovery without serious changes in the breathing pattern. The major clinical signs observed were stridor and coughing. Tracheoscopy revealed secretions in the tracheal lumen, exuberant granulation, and stenosis. Histopathological analysis showed growth of the ciliary respiratory epithelium at the flap site 30 days after implantation. Conclusions: Partial repair showed satisfactory results owing to the anatomical location of the muscle, adequate vascular support, and structural and physiological maintenance without serious changes in the respiratory system. Purpose patterns Methods model created Subsequently tracheoscopic analyses euthanasia G7, G7 G , (G7) 1 G15, G15 (G15) 3 G30, G30 (G30) 6 G60. . (G60) Results G6 died pattern coughing lumen granulation stenosis implantation Conclusions support system (G7 G1 (G15 G3 (G30 (G60 (G (G1 (G3 (G6

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine the effect of gallic acid or its combination with glibenclamide on some biochemical markers and histology of the cornea of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Methods: Following induction of diabetes, 24 male albino rats were divided into four groups of six rats each. Groups 1 and 2 (control and diabetic) received rat pellets and distilled water; group 3 (gallic acid) received rat pellets and gallic acid (10 mg/kg, orally) dissolved in the distilled water; and group 4 (gallic acid + glibenclamide) received rat pellets, gallic acid (10 mg/kg, orally), and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg, orally) dissolved in the distilled water. The treatments were administered for three months after which the rats were sacrificed after an overnight fast. Blood and sera were collected for the determination of biochemical parameters, while their eyes were excised for histology. Results: STZ administration to the rats induced insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, microprotenuria, loss of weight, oxidative stress, inflammation, and alteration of their cornea histology, which was abolished following supplementation with gallic acid or its combination with glibenclamide. Conclusions: The study showed the potentials of gallic acid and glibenclamide in mitigating systemic complication and histological changes in the cornea of diabetic rats induced with STZ. Purpose (STZ Methods diabetes each control water 10 (1 mgkg mg kg mg/kg orally orally, , 5 ( fast parameters Results resistance hyperglycemia microprotenuria weight stress inflammation Conclusions

ABSTRACT Purpose: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease which is categorized via destruction of joint cartilage and it also affects the various joints, especially knees and hips. Sinomenine active phytoconstituents isolated from the stem of Sinomenium acutum and already proof anti-inflammatory effect against the arthritis model of rodent. In this experimental protocol, we scrutinized the anti-osteoarthritis effect of sinomenine against monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) induced OA in rats. Methods: MIA (3 mg/50 μL) was used for inducing the OA in the rats, and rats received the oral administration of sinomenine (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg/kg body weight) up to the end of the experimental study (four weeks). The body and organs weight were estimated. Aggrecan, C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II), glycosaminoglycans (GCGs), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), antioxidant, inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) were analyzed. Results: Sinomenine significantly (P < 0.001) boosted the body weight and reduced the heart weight, but the weight of spleen and kidney remain unchanged. Sinomenine significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the level of nitric oxide, MCP-1 and improved the level of aggrecan, IFN-γ and GCGs. Sinomenine remarkably upregulated the level of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and suppressed the level of malonaldehyde. It effectually modulated the level of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators and significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the level of MMPs, like MMP-1, 2, 3, 9 and 13. Conclusions: Sinomenine is a beneficial active agent for the treatment of OA disease. Purpose (OA joints hips antiinflammatory anti rodent protocol antiosteoarthritis osteoarthritis (MIA Methods 3 ( mg50 mg 50 mg/5 μL 2.5, 25 2 (2.5 75 7 7. mgkg kg four weeks. weeks . weeks) estimated Aggrecan Cterminal C terminal crosslinked cross linked CTXII, CTXII CTX , (CTX-II) GCGs, GCGs (GCGs) protein1 protein 1 protein- MCP1, MCP1 MCP (MCP-1) IFNγ, IFNγ IFN γ (IFN-γ) antioxidant MMP (MMP analyzed Results P 0.001 0001 0 001 unchanged oxide MCP- aggrecan glutathione malonaldehyde MMPs MMP1, MMP1 1, MMP-1 13 Conclusions mg5 mg/ 2.5 (2. (CTX-II (GCGs (MCP-1 (IFN-γ 0.00 000 00 MMP- 2. (2 (MCP- 0.0 (MCP 0.

ABSTRACT Purpose: We aimed to reveal the effects of rosmarinic acid (RA), which has come to the forefront with its antitumor and antioxidant properties in many studies recently in the ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line, on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EFGR) signaling pathway in the presence of doxorubicin (DOX). Methods: Ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line (OVCAR3) and human skin keratinocyte cell line human skin keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) were used as control. (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test was applied to determine the effect of RA and DOX on the proliferation of OVCAR3 and HaCaT cells. Bcl2 expression and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and western blot analysis were performed to determine the expression levels of the markers. Results: It was determined that RA (IC50 = 437.6 μM) and DOX (IC50 = 0.08 μM) have the ability to inhibit the proliferation of OVCAR3 cells and induce apoptosis in a 72-hour time and dose-dependent manner. Western blot showed that the expression level of Bcl-2 and EGFR in OVCAR3 cells was down-regulated by RA and DOX. Conclusions: Apoptosis in OVCAR3 cells can potentially be induced by RA via the EGFR pathway, and RA may be a potent agent for cancer therapy. Purpose RA, , (RA) EFGR (EFGR . (DOX) Methods OVCAR (OVCAR3 (HaCaT control 34,5dimethylthiazol2yl2,5diphenyltetrazolium 345dimethylthiazol2yl25diphenyltetrazolium dimethylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium 3 4,5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium 4 5 MTT (MTT Bcl (EGFR markers Results IC50 IC (IC5 4376 437 6 437. μM 008 0 08 0.0 72hour hour 72 dosedependent dose dependent manner Bcl- downregulated down regulated Conclusions therapy (RA (DOX (OVCAR 34 5dimethylthiazol2yl2 5diphenyltetrazolium 45 4, 25 2, IC5 (IC 43 00 0. 7 dimethylthiazolyl 5dimethylthiazol2yl

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate inflammation and cell adhesion molecules in the vagina after ovarian ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Methods: 20 Wistar albino female rats were divided into two groups: control, and IR groups. In IR group, blood flow was restricted for 2 hours for ovarian ischemia. Then, tissues were re-blood 2 hours for reperfusion. Vagina tissues were excised and processed for histopathological analysis. Histopathological and biochemical follow-ups were performed. Results: Both malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase values were increased in IR group compared to control group. Glutathione content was decreased in IR group compared to control group. Epithelial degeneration, inflammation, dilatation, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression were increased in IR group compared to control group. E-cadherin expression was significantly decreased in IR group. In the IR group, E-cadherin showed a positive reaction in adenomas, gland-like cryptic structures, cellular junctions with clustered inflammatory cells. In the IR group, NF-κB expression was increased in basement membrane, inflammatory cells, in blood vessels. Conclusions: Ovarian ischemia caused degeneration of epithelial cells in the vaginal region and disruptions in the cell junction complex, which leads to activation of E-cadherin and NF-κB signaling pathway and alterations in reproductive and embryonal development in the vaginal region. Purpose ischemiareperfusion reperfusion (IR injury Methods groups Then reblood re analysis followups follow ups performed Results dilatation factorκB factor κB NFκB NF (NF-κB Ecadherin E cadherin adenomas glandlike gland like structures membrane vessels Conclusions complex

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate, by quantitative and qualitative methods, the glomerular ultrastructure in Wistar rats fed a cafeteria diet. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups at 21 days of age: control (C, n = 10) and cafeteria diet (CAF, n = 8). The animals were followed up until 5 months of age, followed by euthanasia. The blood, kidneys, and fat deposits––epididymal, retroperitoneal, and subcutaneous––were extracted and analyzed. Data were analyzed by Student’s t test, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The cafeteria diet promoted glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia (p < 0.0001), and deposition of retroperitoneal fat (p < 0.005). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the length of the foot process was similar in both groups. The quantitative analyses by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the cafeteria diet reduced the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The intake of lipids and simple carbohydrates were found to be associated with alteration in the glomerular ultrastructure. However, more studies are needed to evaluate not only the effects of high-protein and high-fat diets on components of the glomerular filtration barrier, but also renal physiology. Purpose methods Methods 2 age C, C (C 10 CAF, CAF (CAF 8. 8 . 8) euthanasia blood kidneys depositsepididymal deposits epididymal deposits––epididymal subcutaneouswere subcutaneous Students Student s test 005 0 05 0.0 significant Results intolerance 0.0001, 00001 0.0001 , 0001 0.0001) 0.005. 0005 0.005 0.005) 0.05. 0.05) Conclusions However highprotein high protein highfat barrier physiology 1 00 0. 0000 0.000 000 0.00