Abstract: The five articles that are part of this dossier present a series of reflections that start from one tip of the iceberg: the “Observations on the Spanish of America”, an article published by Pedro Henríquez Ureña in the Revista de Filología Española in 1921. This article has has been the basis of a series of dialectological studies about the Spanish spoken in America, around the possibility of zoning its varieties based on a series of aspects, whether systemic, substrate or with the help of other factors. At the same time, the “Observations” and its sequels have been installed as documents of debates around Andalusianism, polygenetic theory, readings that go beyond the linguistic and call for American Hispanism or, in new critical readings, they are the reflection of a Hispanicism that discards other varieties, among so many reflections. The purpose, therefore, of this preliminary presentation, is to give an account of a kind of pattern with which these five articles can be ordered and classified, divided between the most critical and glottopolitical readings and readings that are seen in this and other works of the wise man. Dominican, a source to continue doing, for example, the history of the language.

Resumen: Los cinco artículos que forman parte de este dossier presentan una serie de reflexiones que parten de una punta del iceberg: las “Observaciones sobre el español de América”, artículo publicado por Pedro Henríquez Ureña en la Revista de Filología Española en 1921. Este artículo ha sido la base de una serie de estudios de corte dialectológico acerca del español hablado en América, en torno a la posibilidad de zonificar sus variedades a partir de una serie de aspectos, sean sistémicos, de sustrato o con el concurso de otros factores conextuales. A su vez, las “Observaciones” y sus secuelas se han instalado como documentos de debates en torno al andalucismo, a la teoría poligenética, a lecturas que va más allá de lo lingüístico y claman el hispanismo americano o, en nuevas lecturas críticas, son el reflejo de un hispanismo que descarta otras variedades, entre tantas reflexiones. La finalidad, por lo tanto, de esta presentación preliminar, es dar cuenta de una suerte de patrón con el que puedan ordenarse y clasificarse estos cinco artículos, divididos entre las lecturas más críticas y glotopolíticas y lecturas que ven en este y otros trabajos del sabio dominicano, una fuente para seguir haciendo, por ejemplo, historia de la lengua.

Abstract: In his proposal for the zoning of American Spanish from 1921, Pedro Henríquez Ureña does not mention Panama at any time, although, in a later work, he associates the Panamanian modality with Colombia, a fact motivated by political reasons. To delimit the five large dialectal zones, the author uses, above all, phonetic-phonological data, aspects also brought up in more recent works, which relate the Panamanian variety with the Caribbean macrozone. Despite these works and the evidence of this linguistic affiliation, reconstructing the phoneticphonological component of Panamanian Spanish in the past requires facing an almost total research vacuum. For this reason, the present work aims to study some phonetic-phonological phenomena, relevant for the Panamanian linguistic characterization, in the documentation of the 16th century in order to establish the historical basis of these features in Panamanian territory. Our data show that the presence of traits ascribed to the southern peninsular modalities in the Panamanian variety, from its origins, is undeniable, although other factors must be taken into account in its conformation.

Resumen: En su propuesta de zonificación del español americano de 1921, Pedro Henríquez Ureña no menciona en ningún momento Panamá, si bien, en un trabajo más tardío, vincula la modalidad panameña con Colombia, motivado por razones políticas. Para delimitar las cinco grandes zonas dialectales, el autor se sirve, sobre todo, de datos fonético-fonológicos, que se sacan a colación también en investigaciones más recientes, al relacionar la variedad panameña con la macrozona caribeña. A pesar de estos trabajos y de la evidencia de esta filiación lingüística, tratar de reconstruir el componente fonético-fonológico del español panameño en el pasado exige enfrentarse a un vacío investigador casi total. Por ello, el presente artículo se plantea como objetivo estudiar algunos fenómenos fonético-fonológicos, relevantes para la caracterización lingüística panameña, en la documentación del siglo XVI a fin de poder asentar la base histórica de estos rasgos en territorio panameño. Nuestros datos muestran que la presencia de rasgos adscritos a las modalidades peninsulares meridionales en la variedad panameña, desde sus orígenes, es innegable, aunque hay que tener en cuenta otros factores en su conformación.

Abstract This paper aims to understand if there has been an “evolution” of the articulation between urban planning and mobility planning and how it developed. To accomplish this, it analyzed three regulatory sets of the city of São Paulo: the Master Plan for Integrated Development (1971) and zoning (1972); the Strategic Master Plan (PDE) (2002) and the Land Use and Occupation Subdivision Law (LPUOS) (2004); and the 2014 PDE and the 2016 LPUOS. The paper questions the concepts behind the proposals, the relationship between the origins of the ideas and the actors and public institutional designs, and the mobilization between zoning and urban design for transformation, through a comparative cartographic analysis between the regulatory sets and interviews with managers and urban planners. evolution “evolution developed this Paulo 1971 (1971 1972 (1972) (PDE 2002 (2002 LPUOS (LPUOS 2004 (2004) 201 proposals designs transformation planners 197 (197 (1972 200 (200 (2004 20 19 (19 (20 2 1 (1 (2 (

Resumo Este artigo pretende compreender se houve e como se deu uma “evolução” da articulação entre o planejamento urbano e da mobilidade, a partir da análise de três conjuntos regulatórios de São Paulo – Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Integrado (PDDI) (1971) e zoneamento (1972); o Plano Diretor Estratégico (PDE) (2002) e a Lei de Parcelamento Uso e Ocupação do Solo (LPUOS) (2004); e do PDE 2014 e a LPUOS 2016 – questionando os conceitos por trás das propostas, a relação das origens das ideias com os atores e os desenhos institucionais públicos, e a mobilização entre zoneamento e projeto urbano para transformação através de análise cartográfica comparativa entre os conjuntos regulatórios e da condução de entrevistas com gestores e planejadores urbanos. evolução “evolução mobilidade PDDI (PDDI 1971 (1971 1972 (1972) (PDE 2002 (2002 (LPUOS 2004 (2004) 201 propostas públicos urbanos 197 (197 (1972 200 (200 (2004 20 19 (19 (20 2 1 (1 (2 (

ABSTRACT Urban growth in Latin American metropolises has adopted different spatial patterns and intensities, including a form of urban sprawl that is moving away from the core of the city. To address the negative consequences of such growth, states have established policies to control and guide expansive urban development, mainly through urban planning and land regulation. This study analyses the role of urban planning and regulation in the expansion of the city of Santiago de Chile between 1997 and 2013. The analysis employs coverage maps, the zoning established by the Metropolitan Regulatory Plan of Santiago and a review of applicable regulations. The main result shows that the city expands in areas declared as non-urban by the Plan, with an active role of the State in the establishment of norms that allow the expansion of the city, producing territorial normative contradictions.

RESUMEN El crecimiento urbano de las metrópolis latinoamericanas ha adoptado diferentes patrones espaciales e intensidades; entre ellos, una forma urbana que se da en expansión y crece hacia fuera del núcleo de la ciudad. Para hacer frente a las consecuencias negativas de tal crecimiento, los Estados han establecido políticas destinadas a controlar y orientar el desarrollo urbano expansivo, principalmente a través de la planificación urbana y la regulación del suelo. Este estudio analiza el rol de la planificación y normativa urbana en la expansión de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile entre 1997 y 2013, utilizando para ello mapas de cobertura, la zonificación establecida por el Plan Regulador Metropolitano de Santiago y una revisión de la normativa aplicable. Se demuestra que la ciudad se expande en aquellas zonas declaradas como no urbanas por el Plan, proceso en que el Estado desempeña un rol activo al establecer normas que permiten expandir la ciudad, produciendo contradicciones normativas territoriales.

Resumen: ReHousing y el proyecto de título “Santiago, Ciudad Cooperativa” ofrecen contribuciones al tema de la vivienda colectiva desde la perspectiva del diseño y la investigación académica, explorando alternativas al desarrollo inmobiliario convencional y nuevas formas de densificación y convivencia. A través de una investigación exhaustiva sobre la vivienda unifamiliar en Toronto, que abarca aspectos como zonificación, tipologías históricas, estrategias y costos de reconversión, ReHousing se propone como una plataforma para el empoderamiento ciudadano. Su objetivo es fomentar la aparición de un nuevo tipo de agente en el desarrollo de viviendas, los “desarrolladores ciudadanos”. Por otro lado, “Santiago, Ciudad Cooperativa” es un proyecto de título y grado presentado en el programa MARQ UC. Inspirado en una reinterpretación contemporánea de las ideas de Alison y Peter Smithson sobre vivienda e interacción social, este proyecto reimagina la densificación habitacional del centro de Santiago tomando como punto de partida el sitio del histórico concurso internacional para la remodelación de Santiago centro (1972).

Abstract: ReHousing and the thesis project “Santiago, Cooperative City,” offer insightful contributions to the discourse surrounding collective housing from an academic standpoint, delving into alternatives to conventional real estate development and exploring novel forms of densification and communal living. Through meticulous research into single-family housing in Toronto, encompassing aspects such as zoning regulations, historical typologies, strategies for conversion and costs, ReHousing strives to serve as a platform for citizen empowerment. Its primary objective is to foster the emergence of a new type of housing developers, referred to as “citizen developers.” On the other hand, “Santiago, Cooperative City,” is a thesis and professional degree project presented in the MARQ UC program. Inspired by a contemporary reinterpretation of Alison and Peter Smithson’s ideas on housing and social interaction, this project reimagines the residential densification of downtown Santiago, taking as its starting point the site of the historic international architecture competition for the remodeling of downtown Santiago (1972).

Resumen: ReHousing y el proyecto de título “Santiago, Ciudad Cooperativa” ofrecen contribuciones al tema de la vivienda colectiva desde la perspectiva del diseño y la investigación académica, explorando alternativas al desarrollo inmobiliario convencional y nuevas formas de densificación y convivencia. A través de una investigación exhaustiva sobre la vivienda unifamiliar en Toronto, que abarca aspectos como zonificación, tipologías históricas, estrategias y costos de reconversión, ReHousing se propone como una plataforma para el empoderamiento ciudadano. Su objetivo es fomentar la aparición de un nuevo tipo de agente en el desarrollo de viviendas, los “desarrolladores ciudadanos”. Por otro lado, “Santiago, Ciudad Cooperativa” es un proyecto de título y grado presentado en el programa MARQ UC. Inspirado en una reinterpretación contemporánea de las ideas de Alison y Peter Smithson sobre vivienda e interacción social, este proyecto reimagina la densificación habitacional del centro de Santiago tomando como punto de partida el sitio del histórico concurso internacional para la remodelación de Santiago centro (1972).

Abstract: ReHousing and the thesis project “Santiago, Cooperative City,” offer insightful contributions to the discourse surrounding collective housing from an academic standpoint, delving into alternatives to conventional real estate development and exploring novel forms of densification and communal living. Through meticulous research into single-family housing in Toronto, encompassing aspects such as zoning regulations, historical typologies, strategies for conversion and costs, ReHousing strives to serve as a platform for citizen empowerment. Its primary objective is to foster the emergence of a new type of housing developers, referred to as “citizen developers.” On the other hand, “Santiago, Cooperative City,” is a thesis and professional degree project presented in the MARQ UC program. Inspired by a contemporary reinterpretation of Alison and Peter Smithson’s ideas on housing and social interaction, this project reimagines the residential densification of downtown Santiago, taking as its starting point the site of the historic international architecture competition for the remodeling of downtown Santiago (1972).

ABSTRACT This study aimed to calibrate and test the SARRA-H (Système d’Analyse Régionale des Risques Agroclimatologiques) crop model for cowpea, as well as conducting a climate risk zoning for this crop in a region located in Eastern Amazon, allowing the identification of locations and sowing dates that favor the production considering both the water deficit and the probability of occurrence of severe rains during the harvest period. The model was calibrated and validated with data from experiments conducted between 2013 and 2016 in the municipality of Castanhal, PA, Brazil. Low climate risk areas were defined as those that had a water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) greater than or equal to 0.5 in the reproductive phase combined with the occurrence of rainfall below 20 mm at the harvest for, at least, 80% of the years for which planting was simulated. The model was able to simulate the water balance, growth and development of cowpea under the climate and soil conditions of the studied location with high precision and accuracy. The optimal period for sowing cowpea comprises the interval between June 5th and 25th for regions located above 2° S and between March 25th and April 15th for regions below 2º S. SARRAH SARRA H Système dAnalyse d Analyse Agroclimatologiques Amazon 201 Castanhal PA Brazil WRSI (WRSI 05 0 5 0. 2 least 80 simulated balance accuracy th º 8

RESUMO Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo calibrar e testar o modelo de cultura SARRA-H (Système d’Analyse Régionale des Risques Agroclimatologiques) para o caupi, bem como realizar o zoneamento de risco climático para esta cultura em uma região localizada na Amazônia Oriental, a fim de permitir a identificação de locais e datas de semeadura que favoreçam a produção considerando tanto o déficit hídrico como a probabilidade de ocorrência de chuvas severas durante o período da colheita. O modelo foi calibrado e validado com dados de experimentos realizados entre 2013 e 2016 no município de Castanhal, PA. As áreas de baixo risco climático foram definidas como aquelas que apresentaram índice de satisfação da necessidade hídrica (WRSI) maior ou igual a 0,5 na fase reprodutiva combinado com a ocorrência de chuvas abaixo de 20 mm na colheita por, pelo menos, 80% dos anos onde foi simulado o plantio. O modelo foi capaz de simular o balanço hídrico, crescimento e desenvolvimento do feijão-caupi nas condições climáticas e de solo da região estudada com boa precisão e exatidão. O período de ótima semeadura para o feijão-caupi compreende o intervalo entre 5 e 25 de junho para regiões localizadas acima de 2° S, e entre 25 de março e 15 de abril para regiões abaixo de 2º S. SARRAH SARRA H Système dAnalyse d Analyse Agroclimatologiques caupi Oriental 201 Castanhal PA WRSI (WRSI 05 0 0, 2 por menos 80 plantio feijãocaupi feijão exatidão S 1 º 8

ABSTRACT Favorable soil conditions are essential to the proper growth and production of any crop worldwide. Only 9 % of the Ecuadorian Amazon Region (EAR) territory is suitable for agriculture and/or livestock farming, due to limitations imposed by physio-edaphoclimatic factors. This study evaluated the soil potential suitability for coffee, cocoa and tropical pastures to determine optimal, moderate and marginal areas in three provinces in the EAR (Orellana, Sucumbios and Pastaza) under different agroecological conditions. On-site field work was carried out to analyze the soil profile to determine the mineral composition. Eight environmental variables were evaluated through the integration of GIS-based modeling to determine the agroecological zoning of the crops. The results showed that the main determining factors for optimal areas of soil suitability within the three provinces included soil depth (30 cm), organic matter content (5.3 %), concentration of macronutrients (2,700 mg kg–1), and slope (< 10 %), whereas annual temperature (18-26 °C), annual precipitation (1200-3000 mm), altitude (0-500 m), and pH (4.38) were included for moderate and marginal areas. Depending on the crop and the province, soil suitability was classified into two or three classes (optimal, moderate, and marginal areas), relying on the agroecological conditions specific to each crop. This study highlights that all crops showed mostly optimal soil suitability for proper development under the agroecological conditions analyzed, which contributes to the provision of valuable information to decision-makers about key limiting factors, land-use planning and mapping soil suitability when considering the best location for a specific crop. worldwide (EAR andor farming physioedaphoclimatic physio edaphoclimatic coffee Orellana, Orellana (Orellana Pastaza Onsite On site composition GISbased GIS based 30 (3 cm, cm , cm) 5.3 53 5 3 (5. %, %) 2,700 2700 2 700 (2,70 kg–1, kg1 kg kg–1 1 kg–1) < ( 1826 18 26 (18-2 °C, C °C °C) 12003000 1200 3000 (1200-300 mm, mm mm) 0500 0 500 (0-50 m, m m) 4.38 438 4 38 (4.38 province (optimal areas, areas) analyzed decisionmakers decision makers landuse land use 5. (5 2,70 270 70 (2,7 kg– 182 (18- 1200300 120 300 (1200-30 050 50 (0-5 4.3 43 (4.3 2,7 27 7 (2, (18 120030 12 (1200-3 05 (0- 4. (4. 2, (2 (1 12003 (1200- (0 (4 (1200 (120 (12

Abstract Human activities are altering the existing patterns of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) on a global scale. However, long-term trends of LULC and LST are largely unknown in many remote mountain areas such as the Karakorum. . The objective of our study therefore was to evaluate the historical changes in land use and land cover (LULC) in an alpine environment located in Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan. We used Landsat satellite pictures (namely Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI) from the years 1988, 2002, and 2016 and applied the Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) approach to categorize land use classes. Land Surface Temperatures (LST) were calculated using the thermal bands (6, 10, and 11) of Landsat series data. The correlation between the Human Modification Index (HMI) and LULC as well as LST was evaluated by utilizing data from Google Earth Engine (GEE). Over the study period, the urbanized area increased by 9.94%, whilst the agricultural and bare soil areas decreased by 3.81% and 3.94%, respectively. The findings revealed a significant change in the LULC with a decrease of 1.99% in vegetation. The highest LST class exhibited a progressive trend, with an increase from 12.27% to 48.48%. Based on the LST analysis, the built-up area shows the highest temperature, followed by the barren, agricultural, and vegetation categories. Similarly, the HMI for different LST categories indicates that higher LST categories have higher levels of human alteration compared to lower LST categories, with a strong correlation (R-value = 0.61) between HMI and LST. The findings can be utilized to promote sustainable urban management and for biodiversity conservation efforts. The work also has the potential of utilizing it to protect delicate ecosystems from human interference and to formulate strategies and regulations for sustainable urban growth, including aspects of land utilization and zoning, reduction of urban heat stress, and urban infrastructure. (LULC (LST scale However longterm long term Karakorum Territory Pakistan namely OLI 1988 2002 201 MLC (MLC classes 6, 6 (6 10 11 (HMI GEE. GEE (GEE) period 994 9 94 9.94% 381 3 81 3.81 394 3.94% respectively 199 1 99 1.99 trend 1227 12 27 12.27 4848 48 48.48% analysis builtup built up temperature barren Similarly Rvalue R value 0.61 061 0 61 efforts growth zoning stress infrastructure 198 200 20 ( (GEE 9.94 38 3.8 39 3.94 19 1.9 122 2 12.2 484 4 48.48 0.6 06 9.9 3. 3.9 1. 12. 48.4 0. 9. 48.

Resumo As atividades humanas estão alterando os padrões existentes de uso e cobertura do solo (LULC) e temperatura da superfície terrestre (TST) em escala global. No entanto, as tendências a longo prazo de LULC e LST são, em grande parte, desconhecidas em muitas áreas montanhosas remotas, como em Karakorum. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi, portanto, avaliar as mudanças históricas no uso e cobertura da terra (LULC) em um ambiente alpino localizado no Território da Capital Islamabad, Paquistão. Utilizamos imagens de satélite Landsat (nomeadamente Landsat 5 TM e Landsat 8 OLI) dos anos de 1988, 2002 e 2016 e aplicamos a abordagem de Classificação de Máxima Verossimilhança (MLC) para categorizar as classes de uso da terra. As temperaturas da superfície terrestre (TST) foram calculadas usando as bandas térmicas (6, 10 e 11) dos dados da série Landsat. A correlação entre o Índice de Modificação Humana (HMI) e o LULC, bem como o LST, foi avaliada utilizando dados do Google Earth Engine (GEE). Durante o período de estudo, a área urbanizada aumentou 9,94%, enquanto as áreas agrícolas e de solo descoberto diminuíram 3,81% e 3,94%, respectivamente. Os resultados revelaram uma mudança significativa no LULC, com uma diminuição de 1,99% na vegetação. A classe LST mais alta apresentou tendência progressiva, com aumento de 12,27% para 48,48%. Com base na análise do LST, a área construída apresentou a temperatura mais elevada, seguida pelas categorias árida, agrícola e vegetação. Da mesma forma, o HMI para diferentes categorias de LST indicou que as categorias mais altas de LST apresentaram níveis mais elevados de alteração humana em comparação com as categorias mais baixas de LST, com uma forte correlação (valor R = 0,61) entre HMI e LST. As conclusões podem ser tomadas como base para promover a gestão urbana sustentável e para esforços de conservação da biodiversidade. O trabalho também tem o potencial de ser utilizado para proteger ecossistemas delicados da interferência humana e para formular estratégias e regulamentos para o crescimento urbano sustentável, incluindo aspectos de utilização e zoneamento da terra, redução do estresse térmico urbano e infraestrutura urbana. (LULC TST (TST global entanto são parte remotas Karakorum portanto Islamabad Paquistão nomeadamente OLI 1988 200 201 MLC (MLC 6, 6 (6 1 11 (HMI GEE. GEE . (GEE) 994 9 94 9,94% 381 3 81 3,81 394 3,94% respectivamente 199 99 1,99 vegetação progressiva 1227 12 27 12,27 4848 48 48,48% elevada árida forma valor 0,61 061 0 61 biodiversidade 198 20 ( (GEE 9,94 38 3,8 39 3,94 19 1,9 122 2 12,2 484 4 48,48 0,6 06 9,9 3, 3,9 1, 12, 48,4 0, 9, 48,

ABSTRACT Promoting inclusive and effective governance in regional estuaries offers an encompassing challenge within the scope of Policy analysis and its interactions within socioecological research. The integrated approach for both theoretical elements has not easily been improved, despite the increase in analytical frameworks in this theme. The Paranaguá Bay Zone (PBZ) in the state of Paraná, Brazil, is composed of a few cities, several large, protected areas, and traditional communities. On the one hand, the intensification of real estate pressures in a low demographic region is creating a wave of value conversion regarding the trends of the coastal gentrification phenomenon, notwithstanding the lower degree of intensity when compared to other Brazilian estuaries. On the other hand, it shows a lack of political representation and institutional action at the subnational level. This asymmetrical process is strongly related to historical land development and the controversial process of implementing protected areas and zoning tools. Promoting the economic rise of the territory has affected traditional communities and conservation management, requiring permanent improvement in the ability for community mobilization and juridical vigilance in the face of impacts related to such pressure. In the meantime, scholars have considered knowledge building, which brings up assessment issues on how the decision-making process has been operated and what gaps and asymmetries can be revealed for further resilience analyses. This study is an effort to approach the performance of participative governance of the estuary and is restricted to a preliminary assessment of the participative management committees designed by legislation under area-based attributions. This study is not aimed at exploring the belief systems of different social groups/stakeholders. Results have a great emphasis on methodological building and testing, which revealed the importance of imposing an inventory and hierarchy model on the multiple committees of governance and their sectorization across adjacent areas. Results also underline variables of interest and pilot indicators in the subject under analysis. Preliminary results point to the need for overcoming methodological challenges, and findings that are useful as first evidence in the comprehension of the low performance by different committees, which often operate without any regular, systematic, integrated, transparent, legitimate, and permanent agenda of Policy activities for the PBZ fisheries territory. Qualitative data and institutional memoirs should be available and categorized in government programs, whereas research efforts that look to better recognize the idiosyncrasies of community realities under the pressures of non-transparent economic drivers are much needed. improved theme (PBZ Paraná Brazil cities large hand phenomenon level tools pressure meantime decisionmaking decision making analyses areabased area based attributions groupsstakeholders groups stakeholders groups/stakeholders testing challenges regular systematic transparent legitimate programs nontransparent non needed

Abstract The mapping and zoning of high-risk areas are considered tools to deal with natural disasters. Due to the increase in population and disorganized occupation of the territory, the municipality of Iranduba (AM) is subject to various types of risks. The objective of this research was to identify socially vulnerable areas that overlap with environmentally favorable spaces for mass movements, creating a risk map for the occurrence of this phenomenon in the urban area of Iranduba. The determination and analysis of risk were based on the understanding that risk stems from the combination of physical environmental factors (natural hazards) and socio-economic conditions (vulnerability) of the exposed population. The results indicate vulnerability as the main factor determining local risk. highrisk high disasters territory AM (AM risks movements hazards socioeconomic socio economic (vulnerability

Resumen El mapeo y sectorización de áreas de alto riesgo se consideran herramientas para hacer frente a los desastres naturales. Debido al aumento de la población y a la ocupación desordenada del territorio, el municipio de Iranduba (AM) está sujeto a varios tipos de riesgos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar áreas socialmente vulnerables que se superponen con espacios ambientalmente favorables a los movimientos masivos, creando un mapa de riesgo para la ocurrencia de este fenómeno en el área urbana de Iranduba. La determinación y análisis del riesgo se basó en el entendimiento de que él surge de la combinación de factores ambientales físicos (amenazas naturales) y condiciones socioeconómicas (vulnerabilidad) de la población expuesta. Los resultados apuntan a la vulnerabilidad como el principal determinante del riesgo local. naturales territorio AM (AM riesgos masivos amenazas (vulnerabilidad expuesta local

Resumo O mapeamento e setorização de áreas de alto risco são considerados ferramentas para lidar com desastres naturais. Devido ao aumento populacional e à ocupação desordenada do território, o município de Iranduba (AM) está sujeito a diversos tipos de riscos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar áreas socialmente vulneráveis que se sobrepõem a espaços ambientalmente favoráveis aos movimentos de massa, criando um mapa de risco para a ocorrência deste fenômeno na zona urbana de Iranduba. A determinação e análise do risco basearam-se no entendimento de que o risco decorre da combinação de fatores ambientais físicos (perigos naturais) e condições socioeconómicas (vulnerabilidade) da população exposta. Os resultados apontam a vulnerabilidade como principal fator determinante do risco local. naturais território AM (AM riscos massa basearamse basearam perigos (vulnerabilidade exposta local

ABSTRACT This work aimed to identify areas of agroclimatic aptitude for Eucalyptus urophylla cultivation in MATOPIBA. The agroclimatic aptitude classes for the species were determined considering the temperature and water needs, being adopted three different values of available water capacity (AWC), using a geographic information system (GIS). The agroclimatic aptitude classes for all AWCs analyzed identified the existence of full cultivation in some regions but with a predominance of restricted areas. The fit zones predominated in the mountainous regions of Bahia, southern Maranhão and northwest of Tocantins. There was a percentage increase in the aptitude area favorable for E. urophylla (apt) cultivation, from 7.68% to 29.13%, considering the AWC values of 100 and 220 mm, respectively. MATOPIBA needs AWC, , (AWC) GIS. GIS . (GIS) Bahia Tocantins E apt (apt 768 7 68 7.68 2913 29 13 29.13% 10 22 mm respectively (AWC (GIS 76 6 7.6 291 2 1 29.13 7. 29.1 29.

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar áreas de aptidão agroclimática para o cultivo do Eucalyptus urophyllano MATOPIBA. As classes de aptidão agroclimática para a espécie foram determinadas considerando as necessidades de temperatura e hídrica, sendo adotadas três diferentes valores de Capacidade de Água Disponível - CAD, utilizando um Sistema de Informações Geográficas - SIG. As classes de aptidão agroclimática para todos os CADs analisados identificaram a existência de pleno cultivo em algumas regiões, porém com predomínio de áreas restritas. As zonas aptas predominaram nas regiões serranas da Bahia, sul do Maranhão e noroeste do Tocantins. Observou-se um incremento percentual da área de aptidão favorável ao cultivo do E. urophylla (apta), de 7,68% para 29,13%, considerando os CADs de valores 100 e 220 mm, respectivamente. MATOPIBA hídrica CAD SIG restritas Bahia Tocantins Observouse Observou se E apta, apta , (apta) 768 7 68 7,68 2913 29 13 29,13% 10 22 mm respectivamente (apta 76 6 7,6 291 2 1 29,13 7, 29,1 29,

Abstract The Cachoeirinha Sn ± (Nb-Ta) deposit is an important producer of the Rondônia Tin Province. It is inserted in the regional unit named Rondônia Intrusive Suite (995–956 Ma) and hosts granular accumulations of columbite group minerals (CGM) embedded in thick Cenozoic colluvial-alluvial covers. Cachoeirinha CGM have subrounded to angular grains, with irregular to regular internal zoning, micro-inclusion, and exsolution features. They have columbite-(Fe) as the dominant mineral phase, with variation in the Ta/(Ta+Nb) ratio and with Sn, Ti, W, U, Ba, Cr, REE, and V as chemical impurities. It has high total REE content (LREEN depleted, HREEN enriched, Ce and Eu anomalies), δ18O = 2.78‰, and with two U-Pb age groups: 1052 ± 6 and 909 ± 7 Ma. This information indicates that physicochemical oscillations favored the ionic substitutions and resorption mechanisms between Nb ↔ Ta, as well as coupled substitutions with the entry of geochemical impurities, according to the equation: 3(Sn, Ti, U, Si)4+ + (W, Cr)6+ ↔ 2(V, Nb, Ta)5+ + 2(Al, REE)3+ + (Fe, Mn, Ba)2+, at the temperature range between 400° and 500°C. Finally, the Cachoeirinha Sn ± (Nb-Ta) alluvial deposit host ore is related to at least two Neo-Mesoproterozoic magmatic pulses. NbTa Ta (Nb-Ta Province 995–956 995956 995 956 (995–95 Ma (CGM colluvialalluvial colluvial covers grains zoning microinclusion, microinclusion micro inclusion, inclusion micro-inclusion features columbiteFe Fe columbite-(Fe phase Ta/Ta+Nb TaTaNb Ta/ Ta+Nb Ta/(Ta+Nb Ti W U Ba Cr impurities LREEN depleted enriched anomalies, anomalies , anomalies) δO δ O 278 2 78 2.78‰ UPb Pb groups 105 90 equation 3Sn, 3Sn 3 3(Sn Si4+ Si4 Si 4+ 4 Si)4 (W Cr6+ Cr6 6+ Cr)6 2V, 2V V, 2(V Ta5+ Ta5 5+ 5 Ta)5 2Al, 2Al Al Al, 2(Al REE3+ REE3 3+ REE)3 Fe, (Fe Mn Ba2+, Ba2 2+, Ba)2+ 400 500C C 500 500°C Finally NeoMesoproterozoic Neo Mesoproterozoic pulses 995–95 99595 99 95 (995–9 TaNb 27 2.78 10 9 Si) Cr) Ta) REE) Ba2+ 2+ Ba)2 40 50 995–9 9959 (995– 2.7 1 Ba) 995– (995 2. (99 (9 (

RESUMO A partir da configuração da metrópole paulistana no século XXI, quando as relações entre a reestruturação da economia e a transformação das cidades se intensificam, o texto discute a gestão de instrumentos de planejamento territorial ancorados na ideia de projeto urbano como um novo patamar da prevalência do zoneamento em São Paulo, e propõe a aproximação do território como desafio para romper com a persistente centralização do setor de planejamento territorial. XXI intensificam Paulo

ABSTRACT Based on the configuration of the São Paulo metropolis in the 21st century, when the relations between the restructuring of the economy and the transformation of cities intensify, the paper discusses the management of territorial planning tools anchored in the idea of urban project as a new level of the prevalence of zoning in São Paulo, and proposes the approaching to territory as a challenge to break with the persistent centralization of the territorial planning sector. st century intensify sector

ABSTRACT Climate change has made food security vulnerable. Therefore, it is important to have discussions on the subject and take actions that minimize the environmental impacts on family farming, that will be directly or indirectly affected by climatic events. With this in mind, this study aimed to identify climate changes in the state of Piauí based on climate projections and to verify their possible impacts on the suitability of growing food crops, such as beans, corn, cassava, and cashew. The climate scenarios analyzed were 2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100. The observed data on current climate came from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), and future climate projections came from the Brazilian Portal of Climate Projections of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE). Based on the climatic data obtained (current and future), the climatological water balance was calculated, using the method proposed by Thorntwaite, with consecutive characterization of the suitability for crops. All maps were generated in QGIS. According to the results, crops that may suffer from water deficit are beans and cashews. The latter, in the RCP 8.5 scenario (2071–2100) shows unsuitability for cultivation throughout the state. The population with the highest rate of social vulnerability is the one that will be most damaged by the events caused by climate change. vulnerable Therefore farming mind corn cassava cashew 20112040 2011 2040 2011–2040 20412070 2041 2070 2041–2070 20712100 2071 2100 2071–2100 INMET, INMET , (INMET) INPE. INPE . (INPE) future, future) calculated Thorntwaite QGIS results cashews latter 85 8 5 8. (2071–2100 2011204 201 204 2011–204 2041207 207 2041–207 2071210 210 2071–210 (INMET (INPE (2071–210 201120 20 2011–20 204120 2041–20 207121 21 2071–21 (2071–21 20112 2 2011–2 20412 2041–2 20712 2071–2 (2071–2 2011– 2041– 2071– (2071– (2071 (207 (20 (2 (