Abstract More than 90% of spermatozoa of boars in pork producing countries is stored in liquid at 17 °C; however, the quality of these spermatozoa is affected by bacterial breeding and oxidative damage. This study analyzed sperm quality and sperm capacitation after storage to study the effects of the effects of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) supplementation on seminal plasma (SP)-free sperm preservation. We investigated the effects of adding 20, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL of ZnO NPs to a seminal free boar sperm diluent over a 7-day period at 17 °C to assess the changes in non-capacitated/capacitated sperm quality parameters, antioxidant capacity, ATP content and extent of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. The addition of different doses of ZnO NPs to stored sperm did not induce significant effects on the sperm motility and ATP content when compared to the sperm without ZnO NPs treatment. However, the addition of 50, 100, 200 μg/mL ZnO NPs to stored sperm improved total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) (p < 0.05). ZnO NPs also reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the preserved sperm (p < 0.05). Moreover, our results indicate that the supplementation of 50 μg/mL ZnO NPs to preserved sperm improved the sperm membrane integrity (p < 0.05). ZnO NPs exerted protective effects on protein tyrosine phosphorylation, especially with regards to membrane proteins. Following incubation and capacitation, sperm exhibited good levels of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and ATP levels with high T-AOC and CuZn-SOD activity and low MDA content. ZnO NPs exerted protective capacity to a preservation extender used for SP-free boar sperm during storage at 17 °C. The optimal concentration of ZnO NPs for preservation extender was 50 μg/mL.

Resumo A engenharia civil desempenha um papel importante quando se trata de sustentabilidade, oferecendo alternativas cada vez mais viáveis e atualizadas em termos de gestão de materiais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a viabilidade de reaproveitamento da água para amassamento em corpos de prova de concreto após o uso de filtro cerâmico como meio de purificação da água. Além disso, busca-se comparar as propriedades do concreto e os parâmetros químicos da água. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo quanti-qualitativo por meio de ensaios laboratoriais para caracterização dos materiais, análise físico-química de água a partir de duas amostras provenientes do rebaixamento do lençol freático, sendo uma na forma bruta e outra tratada com um filtro cerâmico. Também foram realizados ensaios de resistência mecânica. Ao analisar os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que a água filtrada apresentou um aumento de 8,66% na resistência à compressão em relação à água bruta. Na análise física da água, ambas as amostras atenderam aos critérios de pH, cor e substâncias dissolvidas totais. Além disso, durante a análise química da água, foi verificada diminuição em cinco dos seis parâmetros analisados, sendo eles a alcalinidade total, o teor de cloretos, de fosfatos, de nitratos, de sulfatos e de zinco. Por fim, é possível considerar a redução de alguns elementos da água não filtrada que afetam negativamente a resistência e a qualidade do concreto, além de melhorar o pH. Outro ponto relevante, foi o aumento da resistência à compressão do concreto ao utilizar água tratada em comparação com a água bruta.

Abstract Civil engineering plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainability by offering increasingly viable and cutting-edge alternatives in materials management. In this context, the objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of reusing water for mixing concrete test specimens after employing a ceramic filter as a means of water purification. Additionally, we aim to compare the properties of the concrete and the chemical parameters of the water. To achieve this, a quantitative and qualitative investigation was conducted through laboratory tests to characterize the materials and perform a physical-chemical analysis of water from two samples sourced from the water table drawdown. One sample was in its raw form, while the other was treated with a ceramic filter. Mechanical strength tests were also carried out. Upon analyzing the obtained results, it was observed that the filtered water exhibited an 8.66% increase in compressive strength compared to the raw water. In the physical analysis of the water, both samples met the criteria for pH, color, and total dissolved substances. Furthermore, the chemical analysis of the water revealed a decrease in five out of the six parameters analyzed, specifically total alkalinity, chloride, phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, and zinc content. In conclusion, it can be inferred that there is potential to reduce certain elements in untreated water that adversely affect concrete strength and quality, in addition to improving the pH levels. Another noteworthy finding was the enhanced compressive strength of concrete when using treated water as opposed to raw water.

This work aims to analyze the effects of corrosion in different municipalities through the exposure of 1020 carbon-steel plates to the atmosphere and buried in soil. Sea air and pollution were treated as major corrosion agents and zinc has been tested to prove its effectiveness as a sacrificial anode. For this analysis, weighing and spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the iron mass loss after five months of exposure. From the data obtained, corrosion rates were calculated and compared based on different regional conditions. The results showed that the coastal region of the state of São Paulo presented higher corrosion rates compared to places of higher altitudes and further away from the sea, indicating that sea air and pollution are important agents in catalyzing the deterioration processes. In addition, zinc was efficient as a sacrificial anode, demonstrating its potential application as corrosion protection in 1020 carbon-steel plates. 102 carbonsteel carbon steel soil anode analysis obtained conditions processes addition 10 1

Pinacolone and benzopinacolone derivatives are an important class of organic compounds due to their uses in polymer synthesis and more recently as biologically active compounds. The conventional synthesis of such molecules is generally done in two steps, the pinacol coupling followed by the pinacol/pinacolone rearrangement. Aiming to prepare benzopinacolone derivatives in a greener fashion, we present here a one-step synthesis from acetophenones in the presence of zinc and tert-butyl chloride. To develop the methodology, conditions to prepare 3,3-diphenyl-2-butanone from acetophenone were optimized. To assess the scope, different substituted acetophenones were tested, resulting in the corresponding benzopinacolones at moderate yields (20-50%) with high purity. Structural elucidations were performed by 1H and 13C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). steps pinacolpinacolone pinacolone rearrangement fashion onestep one step tertbutyl tert butyl chloride methodology 3,3diphenyl2butanone 33diphenyl2butanone diphenylbutanone 3,3 diphenyl 2 butanone 3 optimized scope tested 2050% 2050 20 50% 50 (20-50% purity H C nuclear spectroscopy GCMS GC MS gas chromatographymass chromatography mass spectrometry. spectrometry . spectrometry) 3diphenyl2butanone 33 3, 205 5 (20-50 (20-5 (20- (20 (2 (

In last decades, technical-scientific investigations into cultural heritage assets have increasingly become part of analysis methodologies accessible to professionals from different areas for a broad understanding of the complex material and historical nature of objects. In this interdisciplinary word, the painting “Costureiras” by Tarsila do Amaral (1886-1973), from 1950, was studied by ultraviolet-induced visible luminescence (UVL), infrared image (IR) and macro X-ray fluorescence scanning (MA-XRF) techniques. UVL and MA-XRF images enabled the exploration of the conservation status of the artwork, the creative process of the artist, and areas featuring materials distinct from the original painting. By combining the results of IR and MA-XRF images, it was confirmed that changes occurred in the creative process during the composition of the artwork. MA-XRF images further allowed the inference of the primary pigments employed by the artist, revealing that, during canvas priming, Tarsila do Amaral utilized pigments based on lead and zinc. decades technicalscientific technical scientific objects word Costureiras “Costureiras 18861973, 18861973 1886 1973 , (1886-1973) 1950 ultravioletinduced ultraviolet induced UVL, (UVL) (IR Xray X ray MAXRF MA XRF (MA-XRF techniques artwork artist priming zinc 1886197 188 197 (1886-1973 195 (UVL 188619 18 19 (1886-197 18861 1 (1886-19 (1886-1 (1886- (1886 (188 (18 (1 (

The objective of this work was to evaluate the total concentration and bioaccessible fractions of Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Pb, V and Zn in berry fruits and analyze the influence of different cultivars and growing conditions on the obtained results. The variations in bioaccessible concentrations were from 7.7-30, 17-29, 22-50, 1.8-96, 22-33 and 20-51% of the total concentration, for Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn, respectively. Copper showed greater bioaccessibility in blackberry and blueberry. For Fe, bioaccessibility was observed in all strawberries and blueberries and in some blackberries. Zinc presented higher bioaccessible fractions in strawberries. For V, only the sample Blackberry 124 showed bioaccessible concentration, (11% of the total concentration). Regarding the different forms of cultivation, the strawberries that received radiation from the red and white lamps presented a higher production of fruit compared to the other systems, however, in relation to the absorption of nutrients, a small variation was observed between the fruits. Ba Ca Cd Cr Cu Fe K Mg Mn results 7.730, 7730 7.7 30, 7 30 7.7-30 1729, 1729 17 29, 29 17-29 2250, 2250 22 50, 50 22-50 1.896, 1896 1.8 96, 1 8 96 1.8-96 2233 33 22-3 2051% 2051 20 51% 51 20-51 respectively blueberry blackberries 12 11% 11 (11 concentration. . concentration) cultivation systems however nutrients 730 7.730 773 77 7. 3 7.7-3 172 2 17-2 225 5 22-5 896 1.896 189 18 1. 9 1.8-9 223 22- 205 20-5 (1 73 7.73 7.7- 17- 89 1.89 1.8- 20- (

Resumen Los trabajadores agrícolas se exponen frecuentemente a los pesticidas, los cuales pueden afectar el sistema cardiovascular. El objetivo de la investigación fue revisar la asociación entre la exposición ocupacional a pesticidas, el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares y los biomarcadores utilizados en la vigilancia de la salud de los trabajadores. Para ello se realizó una revisión no sistemática de la literatura en tres bases de datos: Pubmed, Embase y Scopus, con ecuaciones de búsqueda elaboradas con los términos “agrochemicals”, “myocardial infarction”, “occupational exposure” y “farmers", y se incluyeron artículos publicados entre 2007 y 2022. Se encontró que los pesticidas causan elevación de las cifras de presión arterial en trabajadores expuestos y en mujeres embarazadas se relaciona con hipertensión gestacional y preeclampsia. Respecto al infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM), el contacto con los pesticidas clorpirifós, coumafós, carbofurano, pendimetalina, trifluralina y acilalanina aumentan el riesgo de IAM en mujeres, y entre los trabajadores masculinos la exposición a dibromuro de etileno, maneb/mancozeb y dimetil-ditiocarbamato de zinc se asoció con mayor mortalidad. La vigilancia epidemiológica se realiza principalmente con la medición de la actividad de la acetilcolinesterasa eritrocitaria (AChE). Se puede concluir que la exposición a pesticidas puede desencadenar enfermedades cardiovasculares agudas y crónicas, como elevación de las cifras de presión arterial, IAM fatal y no fatal. Los pesticidas dimetil ditiocarbamato de zinc, clorpirifós, coumafós, carbofurano, paratión y malatión son las sustancias que tienen mayor relación con el desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular.

Abstract Farmworkers are frequently exposed to pesticides, which can affect the cardiovascular system. The objective of the research was to review the association between occupational exposure to pesticides and the development of cardiovascular diseases, and the biomarkers used in monitoring the health of workers. For this, a non-systematic review of the literature was carried out in three databases: Pubmed, Embase and Scopus, with search equations prepared with the terms "agrochemicals", "myocardial infarction", "occupational exposure" and "farmers". Articles published between 2007 and 2022 were included. Pesticides were found to cause elevated blood pressure levels in exposed workers, and in pregnant women it is related to gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Regarding acute myocardial infarction (AMI), contact the pesticides chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, carbofuran, pendimethalin, trifluralin, and acylalanine increased the risk of AMI in women, and among male workers exposure to ethylene dibromide, maneb/mancozeb, and zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate was associated with increased mortality. Epidemiological surveillance is mainly carried out by measuring erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. It can be concluded that exposure to pesticides can trigger acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases, such as elevated blood pressure, fatal and non-fatal AMI. Zinc dimethyl dithiocarbamate, chlorpyrifos, coumafos, carbofuran, parathion and malathion pesticides are the substances most closely related to the development of cardiovascular disease.

Resumen Introducción. Existe una gran preocupación humana por la resistencia a los antibióticos debido a su uso inadecuado como promotores del crecimiento en la cría de animales. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de altos niveles de zinc como sustituto del antibiótico en lechones destetados. Material y métodos. El estudio se realizó de junio a agosto de 2022 en la provincia de Chiriquí, Panamá. El periodo experimental estuvo compuesto por tres fases con 14 días por fase. Los cerdos destetados (n= 54) fueron asignados a uno de tres tratamientos con seis repeticiones por tratamiento y tres cerdos por repetición. Los tratamientos fueron: 1) dieta control, formulada para suplir los requerimientos nutricionales para cerdos destetados; 2) similar al tratamiento 1, más 200 mg de amoxicilina/kg de alimento y 40 mg de florfenicol/kg de alimento durante la fase 1 (P1) y fase 2 (P2), respectivamente; y 3) similar al tratamiento 1, más 2000 ppm y 1600 ppm de zinc durante P1 y P2, respectivamente. En la fase 3 (P3), todos los cerdos fueron alimentados con una dieta común. Resultados. La suplementación con zinc mejoró la ganancia de peso en todas las fases. Los cerdos alimentados con zinc tuvieron mejor relación F:G en P2 en comparación a los cerdos suplementados con antibiótico (p < 0.05). Se encontró una mayor concentración de hemoglobina y porcentaje de monocitos en cerdos alimentados con zinc que en los otros tratamientos (p < 0.05). Los cerdos alimentados con antibiótico o la dieta control tuvieron un menor porcentaje de materia seca fecal en comparación a los suplementados con zinc (p < 0.05). Conclusión. La suplementación de altos niveles de zinc ejerció mejoras, en comparación al antibiótico, en cuanto a la concentración de hemoglobina, incidencia de diarrea y ganancia de peso en cerdos durante los 42 días posteriores al destete.

Abstract Introduction. There is a great human concern about antibiotics resistance due to their inappropriate use as growth promoters in animal husbandry. Objective. To evaluate the effect of a high level of zinc as a substitute to antibiotics in nursery pigs. Material and methods. The study was carried out from June to August 2022 in the province of Chiriqui, Panama. The experimental period was composed of three phases with 14 days per phase. The nursery pigs (n= 54) were distributed to one of three treatments with six replicates per treatment and three pigs per replicate. The treatments were: 1) control diet, which was formulated to meet the nutritional requirements for nursery pigs; 2) similar to treatment 1, plus 200 mg of amoxicillin/kg of feed and 40 mg of florfenicol/kg of feed during phase 1 (P1) and phase 2 (P2), respectively; and 3) similar to treatment 1, plus 2000 ppm and 1600 ppm of zinc during P1 and P2, respectively. In phase 3 (P3), all pigs were fed a common diet. Results. The supplementation of zinc improved the average daily gain in all phases. Pigs fed zinc diet had better F:G ratio in P2 compared to pigs fed antibiotic diet (p < 0.05). A higher concentration of hemoglobin and percentage of monocytes was found in pigs fed with higher level of zinc than the other treatments (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Pigs fed the antibiotic, or the control diet had a lower percentage of fecal dry matter compared to those supplemented with zinc. (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The supplementation of high levels of zinc exerted improvements, in comparison to the antibiotic, in terms of hemoglobin concentration, incidence of diarrhea and weight gain in pigs during 42 days after weaning.

Resumen Introducción. Una alternativa novedosa para el incremento de la productividad y el aprovechamiento de nutrientes es el uso de bioestimulantes como el quitosano, el cual es un producto proveniente del exoesqueleto de crustáceos y tiene propiedades que promueven el crecimiento y la nutrición en los cultivos. Objetivo. Evaluar la aplicación de nitrato de zinc (NZN) más quitosano sobre la biomasa, el rendimiento, la actividad fotosintética y los pigmentos fotosintéticos en plantas de frijol ejotero (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) para consumo de la vaina fresca. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se realizó en una casa sombra ubicada en el Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), en Delicias, Chihuahua, México, durante los meses de agosto a octubre de 2021. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con ocho tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones, donde se aplicó nitrato de zinc vía foliar a dosis de 0, 25, 50 y 100 ppm con y sin quitosano a dosis de 50 ppm. Se evaluó la acumulación de biomasa, el rendimiento, la actividad de la enzima nitrato reductasa in vivo, la actividad fotosintética utilizando un equipo Licor 6400, el contenido de pigmentos fotosintéticos y la concentración de zinc foliar y en fruto. Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron incrementos para la variable de biomasa al aplicar dosis de 50 ppm de NZN y de 25 y 50 ppm de NZN más quitosano de 37,76 %, 42,39 % y 40,61 %, respectivamente en relación con el control sin aplicación, mientras que para el rendimiento se obtuvo un incremento de 45,22 % cuando se aplicó NZN más quitosano a dosis de 25 ppm. La aplicación de quitosano de forma individual no presentó diferencias estadísticas. Conclusiones. La aplicación de nitrato de zinc más quitosano obtuvo incrementos para las variables de producción de biomasa total, rendimiento y contenido de zinc en fruto. Además, favoreció la actividad fotosintética y los parámetros relacionados con los pigmentos fotosintéticos.

Abstract Introduction. A novel alternative to increase productivity and nutrient utilization is the use of biostimulants such as chitosan, which is a product derived from the exoskeleton of crustaceans and has properties that promote growth and nutrition in crops. Objective. To evaluate the application of zinc nitrate (NZN) plus chitosan on biomass, yield, photosynthetic activity and photosynthetic pigments in green bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for consumption of the fresh pod. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted in a shade house located at the Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), in Delicias, Chihuahua, Mexico, during the months of August to October 2021. A completely randomized design with eight treatments and four replications was used, where zinc nitrate was applied via foliar at doses of 0, 25, 50 and 100 ppm with and without chitosan at a dose of 50 ppm. Biomass accumulation, yield, in vivo nitrate reductase enzyme activity, photosynthetic activity using Licor 6400 equipment, photosynthetic pigment content, and foliar and fruit zinc concentration were evaluated. Results. The results obtained indicated increases for the biomass variable when applying doses of 50 ppm NZN and 25 and 50 ppm NZN plus chitosan of 37.76 %, 42.39 % and 40.61 %, respectively in relation to the control without application, while for yield an increase of 45.22 % was obtained when NZN plus chitosan was applied at a dose of 25 ppm. The application of chitosan individually did not show statistical differences. Conclusions. The application of zinc nitrate plus chitosan increased total biomass production, yield and zinc content in fruit. It also favored photosynthetic activity and parameters related to photosynthetic pigments.

Abstract Zinc (Zn) is an essential element in the diet of pigs. However, there is variability in the levels, duration and sources of supplementation of this nutrient, which can generate uncertainty in swine nutritionists. The present meta-analysis was developed with the aim of evaluating the effect of dietary zinc inclusion on the productive performance of piglets. A total of 53 articles were included; effect size, heterogeneity and effect of moderators were determined using the random effects model. The results showed that inorganic zinc supplementation improved daily weight gain (+0.03581 kg day-1, p<0.00001), daily feed intake (+0.01868 kg day-1, p=0.00001), feed conversion (-0.0554 kg kg-1, p=0.00844) and feed efficiency (+0.03197 kg kg-1, p<0.00001), with respect to the control group (without supplementation). The use of organic zinc improved daily weight gain (+0.0118 kg day-1, p<0.00001), daily feed intake (+0.01697 kg day-1, p=0.01266), and feed efficiency (+0.01923 kg kg-1, p=0.01529). High heterogeneity values (>80%) were found in most of the variables evaluated, and thus meta- regressions were performed with the moderators: duration and level of zinc supplementation, and copper level. It is concluded that dietary zinc supplementation, from any source, favors the productive performance of piglets.

Resumen El zinc (Zn) es un elemento esencial en la dieta de los cerdos. Sin embargo, existe variabilidad en los niveles, duración y fuentes de suplementación de este nutriente, lo cual puede generar incertidumbre en los nutricionistas de porcinos. El presente meta-análisis se desarrolló con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la inclusión alimenticia de zinc sobre el rendimiento productivo de los lechones. Para ello se incluyó un total de 53 artículos; bajo el modelo de efectos aleatorios se determinó tamaño de efecto, heterogeneidad y efecto de moderadores. Los resultados mostraron que la suplementación con zinc inorgánico mejoró la ganancia diaria de peso (+0,03581 kg día-1, p<0,00001), consumo diario de alimento (+0,01868 kg día-1, p=0,00001), conversión alimenticia (-0,0554 kg kg-1, p=0,00844) y eficiencia alimenticia (+0,03197 kg kg-1, p<0,00001), versus el grupo control (sin suplementación). El uso de zinc orgánico mejoró la ganancia diaria de peso (+0,0118 kg día-1, p<0,00001), consumo diario de alimento (+0,01697 kg día-1, p=0,01266), y eficiencia alimenticia (+0,01923 kg kg-1, p=0,01529). Se encontraron valores altos de heterogeneidad (>80%) en la mayoría de las variables evaluadas, por lo que se realizaron meta-regresiones con los moderadores: duración y nivel de suplementación de zinc y nivel de cobre. Se concluye que la suplementación alimenticia de zinc, con cualquiera de sus fuentes, favorece el rendimiento productivo en lechones.

Abstract: Foliar application of metal nanoparticles represents a promising strategy for enhancing both yield and nutritional quality in horticultural crops. This study focused on the foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) across a range of concentrations (0, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 mg L-1) and assessed their impact on the yield and nutraceutical profile of melon fruits. Our findings revealed specific effects at different concentration levels: lower concentrations (150 mg L"1) improved yield and biophysical quality; intermedíate concentrations (250 mg L"i) enhanced enzymatic and non- enzymatic antioxidants; while higher concentrations (300-350 mg L"i) resulted in reduced yield and enzymatic activity, accompanied by elevated Zn concentration in melon pulp. The utilization of ZnO NPs presents a viable avenue for enhancing both the biophysical quality and antioxidant content of melon fruits. However, it is crucial to note that their effects are dose-dependent, capable of inducing either beneficial or inhibitory outcomes. Consequently, further comprehensive investigations are warranted to elucidate optimal application dosages and maximize the potential benefits of ZnO NPs in horticultural production.

Resumen Los niveles excesivos de zinc afectan negativamente la fisiología y morfología de las plantas, dificultando su crecimiento y desarrollo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo dilucidar los mecanismos morfofisiológicos y bioquímicos de Schedonorus arundinaceus en respuesta a altas concentraciones de zinc y explorar la correlación entre estos parámetros para iden tificar posibles biomarcadores de estrés. Las plantas fueron expuestas a siete concentra ciones de zinc (0-500-1000-1500-2000-2500-3000 μM) durante 50 días. Se observó una disminución del peso seco, área radicular, pigmentos fotosintéticos, proteínas solubles en raíz y conductancia estomática con el incremento de zinc. No obstante, aumentó el contenido de prolina, malondialdehído y proteínas solubles en hojas. Las observaciones histológicas revelaron alteraciones en el tamaño de los estomas y del tejido radicular. La acumulación de zinc superó los umbrales fitotóxicos (100-400 mg kg-1), alcanzando un máximo de 3432 mg kg-1 en hojas. Se observaron cristales de Zn-P en la superficie de las hojas en las máximas concentraciones. Estos resultados sugieren que S. arundinaceus posee una notable capacidad para bioacumular zinc, particularmente en las raíces. Además, la fuerte correlación observada entre la prolina y la acumulación de zinc sugiere su potencial uso como biomarcador de estrés inducido por el exceso de zinc en esta especie.

Abstract Excessive levels of zinc have detrimental effects on plant physiology and morphology, hindering growth and development. This study aimed to elucidate the morphophysiological and biochemical mechanisms of Schedonorus arundinaceus in response to high concentrations of zinc exposure and to investigate the correlation between these parameters to identify potential stress biomarkers in this species. Plants were exposed to seven zinc concentrations (0-500-1000-1500-2000-2500-3000 μM) for 50 days. The results showed decreased dry weight, root area, photosynthetic pigments, root soluble proteins and stomatal conductance with increasing zinc concentrations. Conversely, proline, malondialdehyde and leaf-soluble protein content increased. Histological observations revealed altered stomata size and abnormalities in root tissue. Zinc accumulation exceeded phytotoxic thresholds (100-400 mg kg-1) even at lower concentrations, reaching a maximum of 3432 mg kg-1 in shoots. Visible Zn-P crystals were observed on leaf surfaces at the highest zinc treatment. These results suggest that S. arundinaceus possesses a notable capacity to bioaccumulate zinc, particularly in the roots. Furthermore, the strong correlation between proline levels and zinc biomass concentration suggests its potential use as a stress biomarker for zinc-induced stress in this species.

Resumen Introducción. Se ha establecido que los productos animales contribuyen a la seguridad alimentaria mundial al proporcionar macro y micronutrientes esenciales. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar el contenido de minerales y vitaminas en cortes de uso comercial (lomo y peceto) de carne de guanaco (Lama guanicoe guanicoe) del departamento Escalante (Chubut, Argentina). Materiales y método. Se obtuvieron las muestras de 10 ejemplares machos adultos de Lama guanicoe guanicoe. La determinación de fósforo (P) se realizó por el método colorimétrico de Gomori y el contenido de calcio (Ca), sodio (Na), potasio (K), magnesio (Mg), hierro (Fe) y zinc (Zn) se determinó mediante espectrómetro de absorción atómica (Perkin-Elmer AAnalyst 400). La determinación cuantitativa de vitaminas A, E, B2 y B6 se llevó a cabo mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución. Resultados. La concentración de minerales en lomo y peceto, expresada en mg/100 g. en base húmeda fue: P 281±52,8 y 290±62,2; Ca 1,98±0,33 y 1,93±0,22; Na 57,4±0,38 y 56,1±0,71; K 159±1,31 y 158±1,37; Mg 5,04±0,23 y 4,82±0,38; Fe 2,61±0,04 y 2,13±0,04; y Zn 1,65±0,01 y 1,63±0,03, respectivamente. El contenido de vitaminas en lomo y peceto fue: vitamina A 21,4±4,0 y 15,2±3,0, expresada en mg/100 g en base húmeda; vitamina E 0,26±0,051 y 0,33±0,069; vitamina B2 0,036±0,001 y 0,032±0,002; y vitamina B6 0,203±0,003 y 0,174±0,003, expresada en mg/100 g en base húmeda, respectivamente. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la composición de ambos cortes (p>0,05). Conclusiones. Este estudio sobre la calidad de la carne de guanaco podría tener un alto impacto ya que podría ofrecer una fuente alternativa de nutrientes para el consumo humano. La carne de guanaco presenta un contenido de P significativamente mayor, un nivel de Fe mayor y un aporte de Na inferior que las carnes de cordero y vaca. Además, presenta niveles de vitamina A significativamente más elevados respecto a otras carnes rojas de consumo habitual.

Abstract Introduction: It has been established that animal products contribute to global food security by providing essential macro and micronutrients. The objective of this study was to quantify the mineral and vitamin content in commercial cuts (loin and eye of round) of guanaco meat (Lama guanicoe guanicoe) from the department of Escalante (Chubut, Argentina) Materials and method. Samples were obtained from 10 adult male specimens of Lama guanicoe guanicoe. The determination of phosphorus (P) was performed by the Gomori colorimetric method and the content of calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) was determined by atomic absorption spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer AAnalyst 400). The quantitative determination of vitamins A, E, B2 and B6 was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results. The concentration of minerals in loin and eye of round, expressed in mg/100g of wet weight, was as follows: P 281±52.8 and 290±62.2; Ca 1.98±0.33 and 1.93±0.22; Na 57.4±0.38 and 56.1±0.71; K 159±1.31 and 158±1.37; Mg 5.04±0.23 and 4.82±0.38; Fe 2.61±0.04 and 2.13±0.04; and Zn 1.65±0.01 and 1.63±0.03, respectively. The vitamin content in loin and eye of round was as follows: vitamin A 21.4±4.00 and 15.2±3.00, expressed in mg/100 g on a wet weight; vitamin E 0.260±0.051 and 0.333±0.069; vitamin B2 0.036±0.001 and 0.032±0.002; and vitamin B6 0.203±0.003 and 0.174±0.003, expressed in mg/100 g on a wet weight, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed in the composition of both cuts (p>0.05). Conclusions. This study on the quality of guanaco meat could have a high impact as it could offer an alternative source of nutrients for human consumption. Guanaco meat has a significantly higher P content, a higher Fe level and a lower Na contribution compared to lamb and beef meats. In addition, it has significantly higher levels of vitamin A compared to other commonly consumed red meats.

Resumen: La higuerilla (Ricinus communis L.) es una planta que tiene diferentes beneficios, como la producción de biodiesel y la biorremediación de suelo. Debido a lo anterior, se evaluó la capacidad de la higuerilla para extraer arsénico (As). Para ello, se realizó un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos evaluados consistieron en dos tipos de biosólidos (biosólidos de lagunas de oxidación (BLO) y biosólidos de lodos activados (BLA) y cuatro dosis de As (0, 25, 50, 100 mg kg-1), bajo condiciones de invernadero. La concentración de As se determinó por espectrometría de masas por plasma acoplado inductivamente (ICP-MS). A partir de la cuantificación de As se estimó el factor de translocación (FT) y el factor de bioacumulación (FB). El contenido de nitrógeno (N) total se cuantifico por el método de combustión. El fósforo (P) se analizó por colorimetría por el método de metavanadato, y el contenido de potasio (K), calcio (Ca), magnesio (Mg), cobre (Cu), manganeso (Mn), hierro (Fe) y zinc (Zn) que se cuantificaron por absorción atómica. Para porcentaje de aceite en la semilla se utilizó el método Soxhlet. La altura de planta y el peso seco de biomasa no variaron por efecto de tratamiento (P ≤ 0.05). El Factor de translocación (FT) y el Factor de bioconcentración (FBC) registraron rangos de 0.20 - 0.63 y 0.28 - 0.75, respectivamente. Las dosis aplicadas de As no afectaron la biomasa y absorción de nutrientes en la planta de higuerilla, lo cual indica que esta especie vegetal es tolerante a la toxicidad con potencial productivo en suelos contaminados con este elemento, en concentraciones hasta de 100 mg kg-1.

Summary: The castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) is a plant that has dif ferent benefits, such as the production of biodiesel and soil bioremediation. Due to the above, the castor plant’s ability to extract arsenic (As) was evaluated. For this, a randomized block experimental design with four repetitions was carried out. The evaluated treatments consisted of two types of biosolids (oxidation lagoon biosolids (BLO) and activated sludge biosolids (BLA) and four doses of As (0, 25, 50, 100 mg kg-1), under greenhouse conditions. As concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). From the quantification of As, the translocation factor (TF) and the bioaccumulation factor (FB) were estimated. The total nitrogen (N) content was quantified by the combustion method. Phosphorus (P) was analyzed by colorimetry using the metavanadate method, and the content of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) was quantified by atomic absorption. For percentage of oil The Soxhlet method was used in the seed. The plant height and the dry weight of biomass did not vary due to the treatment ef fect (P ≤ 0.05). The Translocation Factor (TF) and the Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) registered ranges of 0.20 - 0.63 and 0.28 - 0.75, respectively. The applied doses of As did not af fect the biomass and nutrient absorption in the castor plant, which indicates that this plant species is tolerant to toxicity with productive potential in soils contaminated with this element, in concentrations up to 100 mg kg-1.

Resumen: Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch., es un frutal con alto valor económico, sin embargo, es un cultivo muy sensible a la deficiencia de zinc (Zn) en suelos alcalinos, donde una alternativa para minizar este problema es el suministro edáfico de este micronutriente. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la respuesta de variables fisiológicas (diámetro de tronco, longitud de brote fructífero, área del foliolo terminal y concentración foliar de Zn) y componentes de rendimiento (kg árbol-1, peso de la nuez, porcentaje de la almendra e índice de alternancia), a la aplicación de quelato de Zn en nogal pecanero “Western Schley”. Durante tres años en Chihuahua, México, se evaluaron cinco dosis edáficas de quelato Zn (Carboxy Zn®, Innovak Global) en kg ha-1 de los siguientes tratamientos: T1 (8.5), T2 (17), T3 (34), T4 (51), T5 (68), donde T0 corresponde al testigo (sin aplicación) en un diseño experimental de parcelas dividas con 5 repeticiones. El análisis estadístico reflejó diferencias estadísticas con la aplicación edáfica de 8.1 (kg ha-1 de Carboxy Zn) en parámetros fisiológicos como diámetro de tronco y longitud de brote (19.93 y 19.27 cm respectivamente), área del folíolo terminal (34.08 cm2) y concentración foliar de Zn (34.93 mg kg-1). Así como los componentes de rendimiento (12.82 kilogramos fruto árbol-1, 7.82 g peso de la nuez y 59.15 porcentaje de la almendra) y minimizarón el índice de alternancia. La aplicación edáfica de Carboxy Zn, podría ser una alternativa al suministro de Zn en el manejo agronómico de huertos comerciales de nogal pecanero en suelos alcalinos.

Summary: Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch is a fruit tree with high economic value. However, this crop is very sensitive to zinc (Zn) deficiency in alkaline soils, where an alternative to minimize this problem is the edaphic supply of this micronutrient. Thus, the objective of this research is to evaluate the response of some physiological variables (trunk diameter, fruiting shoot length, terminal leaflet area and leaf Zn concentration), yield components (kg tree-1, nut weight, kernel percentage and alternation index) to the edaphic Zn chelate application in pecan nut “Western Schley” for three years in Chihuahua, Mexico. Five edaphic doses of Zn chelate (Carboxy Zn®, Innovak Global, México kg ha-1) T1 (8.5), T2 (17), T3 (34), T4 (51), T5 (68), where T0 corresponds to the control (no application) were evaluated in a split-plot experimental design with five replications. Statistical analyses showed statistical differences in physiological parameters such as trunk diameter and shoot length (19.93 and 19.27 cm, respectively), terminal leaflet area (34.08 cm2) and leaf Zn concentration (34.93 mg kg-1) with soil application of 8.1 (kg ha-1 of Carboxy Zn), as well as yield components (12.82 kg tree-1, 7.82 g nut weight and 59.15 kernel percentage) and minimize the bearing alternation index. The edaphic application of Carboxy Zn could be an alternative to Zn supply in the agronomic management of commercial pecan nut orchards in alkaline soils.