Este artigo discute as percepções de homens jovens (18-29 anos) moradores do Complexo da Maré, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, sobre processos de saúde-doença e desigualdades sociais no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas entre setembro de 2022 e fevereiro de 2023, e analisados usando a análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados permitem traçar um quadro sobre saúde, desigualdades sociais e território sob a ótica dos próprios sujeitos da pesquisa. Refletindo sobre adesão a ações em saúde, sociabilidade na favela e a vivência cotidiana da violência e do racismo, esses jovens trazem um olhar singular acerca da saúde do homem que se expande para além do período de emergência sanitária.

Este artículo discute las percepciones de hombres jóvenes (18-29 años) moradores del Complexo da Maré, en Río de Janeiro, Brasil, sobre procesos de salud-enfermedad y desigualdades sociales en el contexto de la pandemia de Covid-19. Los datos se recolectaron por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas, realizadas entre septiembre de 2022 y febrero de 2003 y que se analizaron usando el análisis de contenido temático. Los resultados permiten trazar un cuadro sobre salud, desigualdades sociales y territorios, desde el punto de vista de los propios sujetos de la investigación. Reflexionando sobre adhesión a acciones en salud, sociabilidad en la favela y la vivencia cotidiana de la violencia y del racismo, esos jóvenes brindan una mirada singular sobre la Salud del Hombre que se amplía más allá del período de emergencia sanitaria.

This article discusses the perceptions of young men aged 18-29 living in the favela Complexo da Maré, Rio de Janeiro about health-disease processes and social inequalities in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews conducted between September 2022 and February 2023 and analyzed using thematic content analysis. The results provide a picture of health, social inequalities and territory from the participants’ perspective. Reflecting on adherence to health actions, sociability in the favela and their daily experiences of violence and racism, these young men offer a unique view of men's health that extends beyond the public health emergency.

Abstract Mapping is relevant for creating socio-territorial diagnostics as it allows an approach to public policies from the definitions, objectives, resources, and approaches they entail. This article contains and develops a mapping proposal as a theoretical-methodological tool that aims to contribute to the design, monitoring, and evaluation of social policies in four intermediate cities in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. The proposal is structured into five components: 1) policy selection; 2) description of dimensions; 3) data analysis; 4) systematization; and 5) scheme development. The authors consider mapping a strategy that can be included in instances of dialogue and negotiation and offer a dynamic image of state interventions regarding decision-making in the cities of Villa María, Villa Nueva, San Francisco, and Bell Ville in the province of Córdoba.

Resumen Los mapeos son relevantes para la creación de diagnósticos socio-territoriales ya que permiten un acercamiento a las políticas públicas desde las definiciones, objetivos, recursos y abordajes que suscitan. Este artículo contiene y desarrolla una propuesta de mapeo como herramienta teórico-metodológico que espera contribuir al diseño, seguimiento y evaluación de las políticas sociales en cuatro ciudades intermedias de la provincia de Córdoba, en Argentina. La propuesta se estructura en cinco componentes: 1) selección de políticas; 2) descripción de dimensiones; 3) análisis de datos; 4) sistematización; y 5) elaboración de esquema. Las autoras consideran que el mapeo es una estrategia que puede incluirse en las instancias de diálogo y negociación y ofrecer una imagen dinámica de las intervenciones estatales respecto a la toma de decisiones en las ciudades de Villa María, Villa Nueva, San Francisco y Bell Ville en la provincia de Córdoba.

Abstract In Colombia, public policies aimed at the youth population were structured under the framework of social, economic, and cultural rights established by the national constitution of 1991, which allowed for broadening perspectives regarding the role of this age group and its life cycle. In this article, I focus on public policies aimed at youth in Colombia between 1992 and 2022, especially in relation to youth employment, which constitutes the case study. The analysis seeks to contrast theoretical patterns regarding the role of young people with the role assigned to them in public policy, examining national development plans, documents from the National Council for Economic and Social Policy (CONPES, in Spanish), and employment programs, to demonstrate changes and advances towards the recognition of their rights. It is concluded that the governmental structure implemented for the development of these policies, as well as their respective programs, have limited the continuity and progression of youth rights, as a vision prevails in which youth is understood as a transitional stage and family and individual resources determine to a great extent the effective enjoyment of rights.

Resumen En Colombia, las políticas públicas orientadas a la población joven se estructuraron bajo el marco de los derechos sociales, económicos y culturales establecido por la Constitución Política aprobada en el año 1991, lo que permitió ampliar la perspectiva sobre el rol de este grupo etario y de su ciclo de vida. En el presente artículo me enfoco en las políticas públicas dirigidas a la juventud en Colombia entre 1992 y 2022, ahondando especialmente en lo relacionado al empleo juvenil, el cual constituye el caso de estudio. El análisis busca contrastar los patrones teóricos sobre el papel de los y las jóvenes con el rol que se les asigna en la política pública, examinando los planes de desarrollo nacional, los documentos publicados por el Consejo Nacional de Política Económica y Social (CONPES) y los programas de empleo, con el fin de evidenciar los cambios y la evolución hacia el reconocimiento de sus derechos. Se concluye que la estructura gubernamental implementada para el desarrollo de estas políticas, al igual que sus respectivos programas, han limitado la continuidad y la progresión de los derechos juveniles, pues prevale una visión donde se entiende a la juventud como una etapa de transición en la que los recursos familiares e individuales determinan en gran medida el goce efectivo de sus derechos.

Abstract This article explores the trajectories of young Paraguayan families living in peripheral neighborhoods of Greater Buenos Aires, exploring their relationship with labor markets and with the city they live in. Thus, the object of study is constituted by migrants and by those who were born in Argentina but live in transnational households. A collaborative ethnography was carried out involving participant observation and interviews with young people and their families, peer groups, and community organizations. The results demonstrate that they are young people from lower classes and that they face exclusion from the labor market in segregated socio-urban spaces. Although the results make visible the particularities of these youth transitions, intersectional inequalities are evident regarding experiences of gender, ethnicity, race, and class, linked to the migratory conditions of their families. In conclusion, their insertion in precarious jobs associated with migrant labor niches generates identity in urban spaces and reproduces class inequalities among families. In turn, although the transitions of young women reflect greater inequalities due to gender and class stereotypes, they also show that through community care work they dispute their right to the city from a feminist perspective.

Resumen En el artículo se exploran las trayectorias de jóvenes de familias paraguayas residentes en barrios periféricos del Gran Buenos Aires, indagando su relación con los mercados de trabajo a los que ingresan y con la ciudad que habitan. De esta forma, el objeto de estudio lo constituyen los y las migrantes y también quienes nacieron en Argentina pero viven en hogares transnacionales. Se desarrolló una etnografía colaborativa que implicó la observación participante y entrevistas a jóvenes en el entorno de sus familias, de los grupos de pares y de organizaciones comunitarias. Los resultados muestran que constituyen juventudes de clases populares y que enfrentan procesos de exclusión del mercado laboral en espacios sociourbanos segregados. Aunque también visibilizan las particularidades de sus transiciones juveniles, se perciben las desigualdades interseccionales de género, etnia, raza y clase que experimentan, ligadas a la condición migratoria de sus familias. En conclusión, su inserción en trabajos precarizados asociados a nichos laborales de migrantes, si bien genera identidad en el espacio urbano, también reproduce las desigualdades de clase en las familias. A su vez, aunque las transiciones de las jóvenes reflejan mayores desigualdades debido a los estereotipos de género y de clase, también evidencian que a través del trabajo de cuidados comunitarios disputan su derecho a una ciudad desde una perspectiva feminista.

Abstract Labor precarity is a multidimensional phenomenon that severely affects youth in Latin America. Based on household survey data from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico from 2023, this article analyzes four dimensions of precarity: instability, lack of social protection, insufficient income, and underemployment. The results revealed that the salaried youth in Mexico and Argentina have the most precarious conditions, whereas Brazil showed the lowest levels of precarity. Precarity is most prevalent in Mexico, followed by Colombia and Argentina. In each of these countries, young women were the most affected, and there was an association between labor precarity, sociodemographic characteristics, and labor market structures. The youngest and those with lower levels of education are those who experience worse conditions. By sector of activity, in Mexico more problems are reported in the primary sector, whereas in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia they occur in personal services. Young women, regardless of their level of education and sector of activity, report higher levels of precariousness, which aggravates gender inequality. The conclusions propose actions to promote the inclusion of young people in formal employment.

Resumen La precariedad laboral es un fenómeno multidimensional que afecta gravemente a la población joven en América Latina. En el presente artículo, basado en la información proporcionada por encuestas aplicadas a hogares en Argentina, Brasil, Colombia y México en 2023, se analizan cuatro de sus dimensiones: inestabilidad, desprotección social, ingresos insuficientes y subocupación. Los resultados del estudio revelan que en México y Argentina las personas jóvenes asalariadas tienen las condiciones más precarias, mientras que Brasil mostró los menores niveles entre los cuatro países; México presenta la mayor prevalencia, seguido de Colombia y Argentina. En todos los países las mujeres jóvenes son las más afectadas y existe una asociación entre la precariedad laboral, las características sociodemográficas y las estructuras de los mercados laborales. Las personas con menos edad dentro de este grupo etario y aquellas con menor nivel de escolaridad son quienes experimentan condiciones más desfavorables. Por sector de actividad, en México se reportan más problemas en el sector primario, mientras que en Argentina, Brasil y Colombia ocurre en los servicios personales. Las mujeres jóvenes, independientemente del nivel de escolaridad y del sector de actividad, registran mayores niveles de precariedad, lo que agrava la desigualdad de género. En las conclusiones se plantean acciones que promuevan la inclusión de las juventudes en empleos formales.

Abstract Young men and women from migrant families of Bolivian origin settled in the horticultural belt of La Plata, in Argentina, access university degrees to shift away from activities characterized by precarious living and working conditions. This article examines the challenges faced by this population in their transition to higher education. Using a qualitative methodology and with the conceptual framework of endogenous education, encounter, and cultural recognition, we analyze the ways in which the Technical Degree in Agroecology at the National University of La Plata offers an alternative close to the reality of young people. The conclusions highlight the potential of this viable alternative that represents a training opportunity to advise family farmers and their organizations. It focuses on the active participation of students, especially in practical courses where they become protagonists by sharing their experiences. It can also be mentioned that, although these degrees offer collective spaces to question the conventional productive model, challenges still persist: the quality of lower-level training and the adaptation of schedules due to the need to combine study and work. In a context of crisis and transition, this type of proposal values local knowledge and empowers the autonomy of youth to transform their reality.

Resumen Los y las jóvenes de familias migrantes de origen boliviano establecidas en el cinturón hortícola platense, en Argentina, acceden a carreras universitarias para alejarse de una actividad caracterizada por las precarias condiciones de vida y de trabajo. En el presente artículo se examinan los desafíos que enfrenta esta población en su tránsito hacia estudios superiores. Mediante una metodología cualitativa y con el marco conceptual de la educación endógena, el encuentro y el reconocimiento cultural, se analiza la manera en que la Tecnicatura Universitaria en Agroecología de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata brinda una alternativa cercana a la realidad de los y las jóvenes. En las conclusiones se destacan las potencialidades de esta alternativa viable que representa una oportunidad de formación para asesorar a productores familiares y a sus organizaciones. Se enfoca en la participación activa de estudiantes, especialmente en cursos prácticos donde se convierten en sujetos protagonistas al compartir sus experiencias. También se puede mencionar que, aunque estas carreras ofrecen espacios colectivos para cuestionar el modelo productivo convencional, todavía persisten desafíos: el nivel de formación inicial y la adaptación de horarios por la necesidad de combinar el estudio y el trabajo. En un contexto de crisis y transición, este tipo de propuesta otorga valor a los saberes locales y potencia la autonomía de la juventud para transformar su realidad.

Despite significant technological advancements, there continues to be a considerable communication gap between individuals with hearing disabilities and the rest of society. This gap is exacerbated by the fact that the development and research of technologies, such as caption glasses, aimed at bridging this divide, primarily focus on sign languages used in countries with prominent tech industries, including European countries and USA. Consequently, there is a lack of resources and attention devoted to sign language recognition and translation systems for languages spoken in Africa. This research addresses this issue by concentrating on twenty-two common gestures in Kinyarwanda sign language. Through extensive exploration and evaluation of various machine learning algorithms, the study identifies the most effective approach for recognizing and translating these gestures. To validate the effectiveness of the developed system, real-world Kinyarwanda sign language video data is utilized for thorough training and testing. The research successfully culminates in the creation of a functional web application capable of accurately recognizing the 22 Kinyarwanda sign language gestures, both in live video feeds and recorded videos. This achievement represents a significant outcome of the research, as it addresses the specific needs of the Kinyarwanda signing community. By providing a reliable and accessible tool for gesture recognition and translation, the research contributes to narrowing the communication gap between individuals with hearing disabilities who use Kinyarwanda sign language and the wider society. OPEN LICENSE: CC-BY

This article, firstly seeks to explore the role parents play in shaping their children's faith, and secondly, to examine how it influences congregations' role. The article begins by providing a concise overview of faith transmission within households as described in the Bible and includes observations about the central role of God in the faith formation process. The article then discusses two significant arguments based on empirical and literature research. The primary argument is that parents hold the most significant influence over their children's faith formation. This parental role is described by further highlighting four key aspects: (1) setting an example of faith; (2) acting as mentors; (3) fulfilling a socialisation role; and (4) fostering a positive parent-child relationship. The second argument addresses the consequent role of congregations in faith formation. It examines changes in the context, composition, and challenges of contemporary households, highlighting the collaborative role congregations can play in supporting parents in this process. The article concludes by presenting eight paradigm shifts designed to help congregations shape this supportive role effectively. INTRADISCIPLINARY/INTERDISCIPLINARY IMPLICATIONS: This article is written from an inclusive youth ministry paradigm, advocating an intentional move away from compartmentalised approaches to ministry and relationships. By adopting a holistic perspective on the role of parents in their children's faith formation - and, by extension, on the overall well-being of parents and children - it offers valuable insights for congregational studies as well as child, youth, and family studies.

The article explores the stage of adolescence and its characteristics, specifically concerning faith formation. It discusses the theological rationale for reaffirming one's faith at various life transitions and rites of passage, focusing on how it can be implemented during adolescence. INTRADISCIPLINARY AND/OR INTERDISCIPLINARY IMPLICATIONS: This article draws on research regarding 'roetemerkers' and the efforts of a task team from the Dutch Reformed church. Furthermore, it forms part of a series of articles based on research within certain Afrikaans Reformed Churches, focusing on children and adolescents' faith formation.

Faith formation is a multifaceted process involving various role players. Parents, pastors, mentors, catechists, youth leaders, and church board members all play a significant role in a congregation's faith formation. This article examines the need to equip individuals engaged in this process. The specific roles they undertake will determine the type of training required. Using didache as a foundation, the focus will be on mentoring and serving as role models. Encouraging adults to participate in training presents its own challenges, which can be addressed through a variety of approaches. The research identified key training needs, including the faith development of catechists, an understanding of the lifeworld of children and adolescents (their developmental stages), and the skills required to convey content effectively. Another crucial area of training is koinonia - the building of relationships. INTRADISCIPLINARY AND/OR INTERDISCIPLINARY IMPLICATIONS: Transformative leadership is essential to inspire those involved in faith formation to commit to becoming equipped to achieve excellence in their roles.

Amidst the bustling activity of various congregations and denominations, the junior and senior catechism curriculum often proceeds without deliberate design. As a result, insufficient attention is given to the structure and potential shortcomings of programmes aimed at fostering faith formation among young individuals. This oversight can lead to young people disengaging from the church - a phenomenon often referred to as 'dropout' [uitval]. This issue presents a significant challenge and source of frustration for many denominations, particularly those within the Reformed family of churches. In the context of this study, 'dropout' describes the cessation of participation in congregational activities typically following the completion of the catechisation process. Empirical research conducted to explore this issue, underscores the crucial role of well-designed educational resources in supporting faith formation to address or gain a deeper understanding of young people and addressing premature church disengagement. Using questionnaires, pastors, catechists, and adolescents shared their perspectives, unanimously emphasising the importance of effective study materials in nurturing faith and shaping disciples. INTRADISCIPLINARY/INTERDISCIPLINARY IMPLICATIONS: This article seeks to highlight the significance of a carefully designed and developed educational resource or syllabus in promoting faith formation among young people.

This article examines the role of worship services and liturgy in the faith formation of children and adolescents. The first section explores how young children's experience of God can be nurtured within a worship-like environment, as opposed to the 'teaching-and-learning' structure typically associated with 'Sunday school'. The Godly Play approach is considered as a viable and creative option. The second section addresses the faith formation of adolescents, emphasising the need for open communication between Scripture, the faith community, culture, and youth culture. This open dialogue is essential for adolescents to perceive worship services and liturgy as engaging and safe spaces that support the development and maturation of their faith. Effective communication involves both listening and speaking. Adolescents should not be confined to a passive listening role within the faith community. Their voices, language, and the way in which they experience perspectives on faith and the world can enrich the spiritual growth of all worshippers and contribute to the missional identity of the faith community as a whole. INTRADISCIPLINARY AND/OR INTERDISCIPLINARY IMPLICATIONS: In this way, all worshippers, regardless of age, can be inspired to become the best person they can be and contribute to making the world a better place. A life of worship need not be limited to the church building. Young people, who have a vested interest in the future of the planet and humanity, can express their faith through acts of service and social justice; thus bridging the gap between worship and discipleship.

Abstract This study aims to analyze the trend of the notified violence committed against adolescents from 2015 to 2022 and the association between the victim’s characteristics, abuse, and the perpetrators of violence against adolescents in 2022. It used data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). Around 400,000 cases of violence against adolescents were reported. The notifications have been on the rise, except in pandemic years (2020 and 2021). The most frequent victims were girls, the principal place of occurrence was at home, and physical violence was the most common type. Correspondence analysis showed an association between female victims, home as a place of occurrence, psychological violence and threat among male victims, violence on public roads committed by strangers, and use of sharp objects. SINAN becomes a vital instrument for allowing visibility to the topic. Preventing youth violence requires an intersectoral approach.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo é analisar a evolução da notificação das violências praticadas contra os adolescentes entre 2015 e 2022, bem como a associação entre as características da vítima, da agressão e dos agressores da violência contra adolescentes em 2022. Para isso, utilizaram-se os dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Foram notificadas cerca de 400.000 violências contra adolescentes. Houve aumento de notificações, exceto nos anos da pandemia (2020 e 2021). As vítimas mais frequentes foram as meninas; o principal local de ocorrência foi a residência; a violência física foi o tipo mais comum. A análise de correspondência mostrou associação entre vítimas do sexo feminino, residência como local de ocorrência, violência psicológica e ameaça; entre as vítimas do sexo masculino, violência em via pública, praticada por desconhecidos, utilização de objetos cortantes. O SINAN torna-se um instrumento vital por permitir visibilidade ao tema. A prevenção da violência juvenil requer uma abordagem intersetorial.

Resumen El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la evolución de la notificación de violencia cometida contra adolescentes entre 2015 y 2022 y la asociación entre las características de la víctima, la agresión y los agresores de violencia contra adolescentes en 2022. Se utilizó datos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación Obligatoria (SINAN). Se denunciaron alrededor de 400.000 casos de violencia contra adolescentes. Hubo un aumento de las notificaciones, excepto en los años de la pandemia (2020 y 2021). Las víctimas más frecuentes fueron las niñas, el principal lugar de ocurrencia fue el hogar y la violencia física fue el tipo más común. El análisis de correspondencia mostró una asociación entre las mujeres víctimas, el hogar como lugar de ocurrencia, la violencia psicológica y la amenaza; entre las víctimas masculinas, violencia en la vía pública, cometida por desconocidos, uso de objetos punzantes. El SINAN se convierte en un instrumento vital para permitir la visibilidad del tema. Prevenir la violencia juvenil requiere un enfoque intersectorial.

RESUMO No contexto da reforma da propriedade mista na China, a participação do capital estatal em empresas privadas afeta a decisão de inovar novamente após a empresa já ter falhado em implementar inovação tecnológica no passado. Este artigo toma as empresas listadas de fabricação farmacêutica de ações A na China como amostras de pesquisa para testar o impacto dos acionistas estatais e suas taxas de participação na decisão de uma nova inovação de empresas privadas após o fracasso da inovação tecnológica. A pesquisa descobriu que os acionistas estatais são mais propensos a reduzir a inovação adicional e adotar a nova inovação após o fracasso. Esse fenômeno será mais evidente com o aumento da proporção de acionistas estatais. Além disso, a intervenção governamental pode efetivamente suprimir o impacto positivo dos acionistas estatais sobre a nova inovação após o fracasso das empresas privadas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo fornecer base teórica e referência de tomada de decisão para que as empresas privadas melhorem sua estrutura de governança por meio da introdução de ações de capital estatais, e departamentos governamentais relevantes para estimular e otimizar sua decisão de inovar novamente após falha de inovação tecnológica por meio de intervenção adequada na inovação tecnológica das empresas privadas.

ABSTRACT In a mixed ownership reform context, the participation of state-owned capital in private enterprises affects re-innovation decisions after the failure of technological innovation. This article takes a sample of A-share pharmaceutical manufacturing listed companies in China to test the impact of state-owned shareholders and their shareholding ratios on the re-innovation decisions after these enterprises have experienced technological innovation failure. The research found that state-owned shareholders in these enterprises are more likely to reduce additional innovation and adopt new innovations after the experience of failing to implement technological innovation. This phenomenon is more obvious with the increased proportion of state-owned shareholders. In addition, government intervention can effectively suppress the positive impact of state-owned shareholders on new innovation in enterprises that have experienced technological innovation failure. This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis and decision-making reference for private enterprises to improve their governance structure by introducing state-owned capital shares and relevant government departments to stimulate and optimize their re-innovation decision after technological innovation failure through appropriate intervention in private enterprises’ technological innovation.

RESUMEN En el contexto de la reforma de la propiedad mixta, la participación del capital estatal en las empresas privadas afectará sus decisiones de reinnovación después del fracaso de la innovación tecnológica. Este artículo toma como muestra de investigación a las empresas de fabricación farmacéutica de acciones A que cotizan en bolsa, en China para evaluar el impacto de los accionistas estatales y su proporción de acciones en las decisiones de reinnovación después de que estas empresas hayan experimentado el fracaso de la innovación tecnológica. El estudio encontró que después del fracaso de la innovación tecnológica en las empresas privadas, es más probable que los accionistas estatales reduzcan la innovación adicional y adopten nuevas formas de innovación. A medida que aumente la proporción de accionistas estatales, este fenómeno será más evidente. Además, la intervención gubernamental puede frenar efectivamente el impacto positivo de los accionistas estatales en la nueva innovación después del fracaso de las empresas privadas. El objetivo de este artículo es proporcionar una base teórica y una referencia para la toma de decisiones para que las empresas privadas introduzcan acciones de capital estatal para mejorar la estructura de gobernanza a través de una intervención adecuada en la innovación tecnológica de las empresas privadas, así como para que los departamentos gubernamentales pertinentes incentiven y optimicen sus decisiones de reinnovación después del fracaso de la innovación tecnológica.