RESUMO Objetivo: Examinar a associação entre o tempo de tela autorreportado e os sintomas de estresse, ansiedade e depressão em adolescentes. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo com delineamento transversal com 982 adolescentes entre 12-15 anos, matriculados na rede pública de ensino da cidade de Jacarezinho (PR). Para mensurar o tempo de tela, os adolescentes responderam à pergunta: “Considerando um dia típico, quanto tempo você passa assistindo TV, jogando videogame, usando computador ou smartphone?”. O questionário DASS-21 (versão curta) foi utilizado para avaliar os sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Análises brutas e ajustadas (idade, sexo e nível de escolaridade materna) entre tempo de tela e indicadores de saúde mental foram realizadas por meio do modelo de regressão linear generalizado, com distribuição de Poisson, adotando a significância de p<0,05. Resultados: Maiores sintomas depressivos foram observados em adolescentes com tempo de tela de 4–6 horas/dia (RP 1,35, IC95% 1,13–1,61) e ≥6 horas/dia (RP 1,88, IC95% 1,62–2,19) quando comparados com seus pares com ≤2 horas/dia. O mesmo foi observado para os sintomas de ansiedade com tempo de tela de 4–6 horas/dia (RP 1,23, IC95% 1,04–1,46) e ≥6 horas/dia (RP 1,50, IC95% 1,28–1,77); e estresse, com 4–6 horas/dia (RP 1,25, IC95% 1,08–1,44) e ≥6 horas/dia (RP 1,49, IC95% 1,30–1,71), também comparados com seus pares com ≤2 horas/dia. Conclusões: O tempo de tela foi associado positivamente com os sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse em adolescentes. Atenção especial deve ser dada àqueles que passam mais de quatro horas por dia em frente a uma tela. Objetivo Métodos 98 1215 12 15 12-1 anos PR. PR . (PR) pergunta Considerando típico TV videogame smartphone. smartphone smartphone?” DASS21 DASS 21 DASS-2 versão curta idade, idade (idade materna generalizado Poisson p005 p 0 05 p<0,05 Resultados 46 4 6 4– horasdia RP 135 1 35 1,35 IC95 IC 1,13–1,61 113161 13 61 ≥ 188 88 1,88 1,62–2,19 162219 62 2 19 ≤ 123 23 1,23 1,04–1,46 104146 04 150 50 1,50 1,28–1,77 128177 28 77 1,28–1,77) 125 25 1,25 1,08–1,44 108144 08 44 149 49 1,49 1,30–1,71, 130171 1,30–1,71 , 30 71 1,30–1,71) Conclusões 9 121 12- (PR smartphone? DASS2 DASS- p00 p<0,0 3 1,3 IC9 1,13–1,6 11316 18 8 1,8 1,62–2,1 16221 1,2 1,04–1,4 10414 5 1,5 1,28–1,7 12817 7 1,08–1,4 10814 14 1,4 13017 1,30–1,7 p0 p<0, 1, 1,13–1, 1131 1,62–2, 1622 1,04–1, 1041 1,28–1, 1281 1,08–1, 1081 1301 1,30–1, p<0 1,13–1 113 1,62–2 162 1,04–1 104 1,28–1 128 1,08–1 108 130 1,30–1 p< 1,13– 11 1,62– 16 1,04– 10 1,28– 1,08– 1,30– 1,13 1,62 1,04 1,28 1,08 1,30 1,1 1,6 1,0

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the associations between self-reported screen time and symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression in adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 982 adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years, enrolled in public schools in Jacarezinho (PR), Brazil. Screen time was assessed by the question “Considering a typical day, how much time do you spend watching TV, playing videogame, using computer or smartphone?” The DASS-21 questionnaire (short form) was used to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Crude and adjusted analyses (age, sex, and maternal level of education) between screen time and mental disorders symptoms were performed using general linear regression models, with Poisson distribution, with significance level at p<0.05. Results: Higher depressive symptoms were observed in adolescents who reported screen time of 4–6 hours/day (PR 1.35, 95%CI 1.13–1.61) and ≥6 hours/day (PR 1.88, 95%CI 1.62–2.19), compared with their pairs with <2 hours/day. The same was observed for anxiety symptoms with screen time of 4–6 hours/day (PR 1.23, 95%CI 1.04–1.46) and ≥6 hours/day (PR 1.50, 95%CI 1.28–1.77); and stress, with 4–6 hours/day (PR 1.25, 95%CI 1.08–1.44) and ≥6 hours/day (PR 1.49, 95%CI 1.30–1.71), also compared with their pairs with <2 hours/day. Conclusions: Screen time was positively associated with depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in adolescents. Special attention should be given to those who spend more than four hours a day in front of a screen. Objective selfreported self Methods crosssectional cross sectional 98 1 years PR, PR , (PR) Brazil Considering TV videogame smartphone smartphone? DASS21 DASS 21 DASS-2 short form age, age (age sex education models distribution p005 p 0 05 p<0.05 Results 46 4 6 4– hoursday 135 35 1.35 95CI CI 95 1.13–1.61 113161 13 61 ≥ 188 88 1.88 1.62–2.19, 162219 1.62–2.19 62 2 19 1.62–2.19) < 123 23 1.23 1.04–1.46 104146 04 150 50 1.50 1.28–1.77 128177 28 77 1.28–1.77) 125 25 1.25 1.08–1.44 108144 08 44 149 49 1.49 1.30–1.71, 130171 1.30–1.71 30 71 1.30–1.71) Conclusions 9 DASS2 DASS- p00 p<0.0 3 1.3 1.13–1.6 11316 18 8 1.8 16221 1.62–2.1 1.2 1.04–1.4 10414 5 1.5 1.28–1.7 12817 7 1.08–1.4 10814 14 1.4 13017 1.30–1.7 p0 p<0. 1. 1.13–1. 1131 1622 1.62–2. 1.04–1. 1041 1.28–1. 1281 1.08–1. 1081 1301 1.30–1. p<0 1.13–1 113 162 1.62–2 1.04–1 104 1.28–1 128 1.08–1 108 130 1.30–1 p< 1.13– 11 16 1.62– 1.04– 10 1.28– 1.08– 1.30– 1.13 1.62 1.04 1.28 1.08 1.30 1.1 1.6 1.0

The recycle and utilization of expired drugs is a challenge for many countries at present. The employment of expired drugs as green corrosion inhibitors is expected to address both drug recycling and corrosion prevention issues, with significant economic and environmental value. Herein, the individually and combination corrosion inhibition performance of expired amoxicillin (AMC) and penicillin V potassium tablets (PVP) for lowcarbon steel in 20% acetic acid solution containing 600 mg L-1 chloride ion are evaluated by electrochemistry and weight loss method. Both the AMC and PVP present the mixed-type corrosion inhibitors mainly affect the cathode process when used individually. The optimum inhibition efficiency is 61.22% (AMC) and 79.21% (PVP), which all appear in 5.0 × 10-3 mol L-1. The AMC and PVP are adsorbed on the steel surface by mixed physisorption and chemisorption, which are consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The corrosion inhibition rate drops sharply when AMC and PVP are combined use with a close mole ratio. But a small amount of PVP significantly enhance the corrosion inhibition effect of AMC, the corrosion inhibition rate from 61.22 to 79.72%. The corrosion inhibition rate of AMC and PVP combination inhibitor decreased with the increase of temperature. issues value Herein (AMC (PVP 20 60 L1 L 1 L- method mixedtype type 6122 61 22 7921 79 21 79.21 PVP, , 50 5 0 5. 103 10 3 10- L1. 1. chemisorption isotherm ratio 61.2 7972 72 79.72% temperature 2 6 612 792 7 79.2 61. 797 79.72 79. 79.7

RESUMO O presente estudo visou investigar a força de atrito durante o processo de separação da batata do solo, bem como os fatores e padrões que influenciam essa força, além de estabelecer um sistema de teste para medir a força de atrito das batatas. Verificou-se que a massa da batata, a velocidade da manivela e a inclinação da peneira têm um impacto significativo na força de atrito ao longo da superfície da peneira. A interação entre a massa da batata e a velocidade da manivela tem o maior impacto na força de atrito ao longo da superfície da peneira. Além disso, sob os mesmos fatores - massa da batata entre 200-400 g, velocidade da manivela em 200 r min-1 e ângulo inclinado da peneira em 14.7°, a força de atrito das batatas ao longo da superfície com o solo é muito maior do que ao longo da superfície sem solo, variando entre 2,32 e 4,85. Verificouse Verificou se disso 200400 400 200-40 g 20 min1 min 1 min- 147 14 7 14.7° 232 2 32 2,3 485 4 85 4,85 20040 40 200-4 14.7 23 3 2, 48 8 4,8 2004 200- 14. 4,

ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore the friction force on potatoes in the process of potato-soil separation, its influencing factors and laws, and establish a testing system of potato-friction force. It was verified that the potato mass, crank speed, and sieve inclination significantly affected the potato’s friction force along the sieve surface. The interaction of potato mass and crank speed had the greatest effect on the friction force on the potato along the sieve surface. In addition, under the same factors of potato mass of 200~400 g, crank speed of 200 r min-1, and sieve inclination of 14.7°, the friction force of potato along the sieve surface with soil was much greater than that along the sieve surface without soil, ranging between 2.32 and 4.85. potatosoil separation laws potatofriction potatos s addition 200400 400 200~40 g 20 min1, min1 min 1, 1 min-1 147 14 7 14.7° 232 2 32 2.3 485 4 85 4.85 20040 40 200~4 min- 14.7 23 3 2. 48 8 4.8 2004 200~ 14. 4.

Resumo: Este artigo analisa o processo de integração em novos padrões de consumo de jovens assalariados rurais em um território da serra equatoriana, onde predominam os negócios agrícolas de flores e brócolis. O objetivo é mostrar as condições estruturais que permitem aos jovens assalariados adotarem novos habitus mais próximos do consumo de bens globais, um processo intimamente relacionado com a sua posição no campo social. Na primeira parte, analisamos a relação entre consumo e habitus nas zonas rurais a partir de diferentes perspectivas teóricas sociológicas. A segunda parte, baseada em um estudo de caso, trata das tendências de consumo entre a juventude rural. A terceira parte reflete sobre a importância de novos padrões de consumo entre os jovens assalariados através do acesso a dois tipos de mercadorias globais (motocicleta e celular) que se tornaram novos objetos simbólicos e de prestígio. Resumo equatoriana brócolis social sociológicas caso rural motocicleta celular prestígio

Abstract: This article analyzes the process of integration into new consumption patterns of young rural wage earners in a territory of the Ecuadorian highlands, where flower and broccoli agribusinesses predominate. We seek to show the structural conditions that allow young wage earners to adopt new habitus closer to the consumption of global goods, a process narrowly related to their position in the social field. In the first part, we analyze the relationship between consumption and habitus in rural areas from different sociological theoretical perspectives. In the second part, based on a case study, we address consumption trends among rural youth. The third part reflects on the importance of new consumption patterns among young wage earners through access to two types of global merchandise (motorcycle and cell phone) that have become new symbolic and prestige objects. Abstract highlands predominate goods field perspectives study youth motorcycle phone objects

Resumen: En este artículo se analiza el proceso de integración a nuevos patrones de consumo de los jóvenes asalariados rurales en un territorio de la sierra ecuatoriana, donde predominan los agronegocios de flores y brócoli. Se busca mostrar las condiciones estructurales que permiten a los jóvenes asalariados adoptar nuevos habitus más cercanos al consumo de mercancías globales, proceso estrechamente relacionado con su posición ocupada en el campo social. En una primera parte, analizamos la relación entre consumo y habitus en el medio rural desde distintas perspectivas teóricas sociológicas. En una segunda parte, a partir de un estudio de caso, se abordan las tendencias del consumo entre los jóvenes rurales. En una tercera parte se reflexiona sobre la importancia de nuevas pautas de consumo entre los jóvenes asalariados a través del acceso a dos tipos de mercancías globales (motocicleta y celular) que se han convertido en nuevos objetos simbólicos y de prestigio. Resumen ecuatoriana brócoli social sociológicas caso motocicleta celular prestigio

Resumen La evidencia sobre las relaciones entre la agresión y la empatía no están claras en la literatura. Un metaanálisis reciente indicó que las asociaciones son limitadas, mientras que reiteradas investigaciones de los últimos años han reportado correlaciones positivas y negativas. Esta revisión sistemática busca establecer la evidencia actual sobre diferentes estudios que se han llevado a cabo sobre las relaciones entre la conducta agresiva de tipo proactivo y reactivo y la empatía, desde los subdominios cognitivo y afectivo, en adolescentes, jóvenes y adultos jóvenes. Método: Revisión sistemática de acuerdo con las directrices PRISMA. Resultados: se encontraron 8 artículos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión y exclusión descritos y se reportan las discrepancias entre las asociaciones de las dos variables abordadas. Conclusión: parece haber cierto grado aceptación en el papel inhibidor de la empatía frente a la agresión, de manera relevante el de la empatía afectiva. No se encontraron resultados concluyentes de la empatía cognitiva con los diferentes tipos de agresión.

Abstract The evidence on the relationships between aggression and empathy is unclear in the literature. A recent meta- analysis indicated that associations are limited, while repeated research in recent years has reported both positive and negative correlations. This systematic review seeks to establish the current evidence on different studies that have been conducted on the relationships between proactive and reactive aggressive behavior and empathy, from the cognitive and affective subdomains, in adolescents, youth and young adults. Method: Systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines. Results: 8 articles were found that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria described and discrepancies between the associations of the two variables addressed are reported. Conclusion: there seems to be a certain degree of acceptance of the inhibitory role of empathy against aggression, particularly that of affective empathy. No conclusive results were found for cognitive empathy with the different types of aggression.

RESUMEN Programa de Apoyo a los Estudiantes Argentinos (PROG.R.ES.AR) es una política direccionada a jóvenes de hogares desfavorecidos Esta transferencia monetaria condicionada, por población alcanzada y esfuerzo fiscal, constituye la principal iniciativa en Argentina hacia el segmento y una de las más relevantes en América Latina. Este trabajo identifica y sigue en el tiempo a sus beneficiarios, con el objetivo de evaluar el impacto del programa por medio de indicadores laborales, así como de logros educativos. Se utilizaron las metodologías de diferencias en diferencias y de regresión discontinua. Los resultados no permiten dar cuenta de un impacto significativo en las tasas de actividad y empleo de los beneficiarios del programa, ni de una mejora en el logro educativo.

ABSTRACT Programa de Apoyo a los Estudiantes Argentinos (PROG.R.ES.AR) is a conditional cash transfer targeted to students from disadvantaged households. This program intends to tackle youth disparities encouraging youth’s human capital investments to improve labor profiles. In terms of population reach and fiscal effort, PROG.R.ES.AR is the main policy aimed at young people in Argentina and one of the most relevant in Latin America. This work identifies and tracks its beneficiaries over time, in order to evaluate the impact of the program through labor indicators as well as educational achievements. Difference-in-difference and discontinuous regression methodologies were used. The results do not allow us to account for a significant impact on the activity and employment rates of the program’s beneficiaries, nor for an improvement in educational achievement

ABSTRACT: This article analyzes three Argentine films from the 60s: La Patota (Daniel Tinayre, 1960), Orden de Matar (Román Viñoly Barreto, 1965), and Humo de Marihuana (Lucas Demare, 1968). In them, youth and their customs are central. The protagonists seek a life of pleasures but find tragic destinies. The films present sexuality, violence, rock & roll, social gatherings, fashions, and drugs as threats to their lives and social order. Reflect the conservative perspectives of the time, which viewed with concern the youth getting involved in renewing activities. The films contrast with the thematic and aesthetic renewal of the Generation of 60 and represent the opinions of the most conservative sectors of Argentine society, which from 1966 would impose a dictatorial regime that saw youth as the cause of many of the country’s problems.

RESUMEN: Este artículo analiza tres películas argentinas de los años 60: La patota (Daniel Tinayre, 1960), Orden de matar (Román Viñoly Barreto, 1965) y Humo de marihuana (Lucas Demare, 1968). En ellas, la juventud y sus costumbres son centrales. Los protagonistas buscan una vida de placeres, pero encuentran destinos trágicos. Las películas presentan la sexualidad, la violencia, el rock & roll, las reuniones sociales, las modas y las drogas como amenazas a sus vidas y al orden social. Recuperan las perspectivas conservadoras de la época, que veían con preocupación a los jóvenes involucrándose en actividades renovadoras. Las películas contrastan con la renovación temática y estética de la Generación del 60 y representan las opiniones de los sectores más conservadores de la sociedad argentina, que desde 1966 impondrían un régimen dictatorial que veía a la juventud como la causa de muchos de los problemas del país.

Abstract The purpose of the paper is to examine the dimension of persistence as an analytical category for collective action. For this, the results of a doctoral thesis are presented. There, the processes of political subjectivation of young people who organize and support -for more than fifteen years- popular mobilizations against police violence in Córdoba, Argentina, were studied. The collective action considered was the so-called Marcha de la Gorra, on which an ethnographic work was carried out with a psychosocial perspective. In addition to the preparation of field notes, in-depth interviews and short interviews, called ongoing conversations, were conducted. More than sixty young activists participated in these instances. From the production of data and analysis in a sustained manner, the dimension of the persistence of the March was gaining analytical significance. After eight years of duration, the longitudinal study allowed to consider the qualitative value of the persistence of collective action and its implication on the subjectivity of young people. Likewise, it was shown as a key dimension in the establishment of connections between the action in the public space and their daily territories.

Resumen El propósito del trabajo es examinar la dimensión de la persistencia como categoría analítica de la acción colectiva. Para ello, se presentan los resultados de una tesis de doctorado en la que se abordaron los procesos de subjetivación política de jóvenes que organizan y sostienen -desde hace más de quince años- movilizaciones populares frente a la violencia policial en Córdoba, Argentina. La acción colectiva estudiada fue la llamada Marcha de la Gorra, sobre la que se realizó un trabajo etnográfico con una perspectiva psicosocial. Además de la elaboración de notas de campo, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y entrevistas breves, denominadas conversaciones en marcha. En estas instancias participaron más de sesenta jóvenes activistas. A partir de la producción de datos y análisis de manera sostenida, la dimensión de la persistencia de la Marcha fue cobrando significatividad analítica. Tras ocho años de duración, el estudio longitudinal permitió considerar el valor cualitativo de la persistencia de la acción colectiva y su implicancia en la subjetividad de las y los jóvenes. Asimismo, se mostró como una dimensión clave en el establecimiento de conexiones entre la acción en el espacio público y sus territorios cotidianos.

Abstract Introduction/Objective: In romantic relationships, jealousy can influence how individuals feel emotionally and interact with their partners. This study analysed the metric properties of the Brief Jealousy Scale (BJS) in young adults from Peru using current methods. Method: A total of 297 individuals were selected to participate in the study. They averaged 26.52 years of age (with a variation of 7.75 years), and 74.10% were women. The study used a technique called Item Response Theory (IRT) with a two-parameter model to confirm the structure and reliability of the BJS. Result: The BJS demonstrated high reliability and fit through goodness-of-fit indices. DIF analysis indicated slight gender biases in some items, reflecting differences in the perception of jealousy between men and women. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance and usefulness of the Jealousy Scale in relationships, as it helps to understand relationship dynamics and guides interventions. Future studies should address issues such as participant selection and study design and examine whether the scale can be used in different cultures.

Resumen Introducción/Objetivo: En las relaciones de pareja, los celos pueden influir en cómo se sienten emocionalmente y en cómo interactúan las personas con su pareja. Este estudio analizó las propiedades métricas de la Escala Breve de Celos en jóvenes y adultos de Perú utilizando métodos actuales. Método: Se seleccionaron 297 personas para participar en el estudio. Tenían en promedio 26.52 años (con una variación de 7.75 años) y el 74.10 % eran mujeres. El estudio utilizó una técnica llamada teoría de respuesta al ítem (IRT) con un modelo de dos parámetros para confirmar la estructura y fiabilidad del BJS. Resultados: El BJS demostró una gran confiabilidad y ajuste a través de índices de bondad de ajuste. El análisis DIF indicó ligeros sesgos de género en algunos ítems, lo que refleja diferencias en la percepción de los celos entre hombres y mujeres. Conclusiones: El estudio resalta la importancia y utilidad de la Escala de Celos en las relaciones, ya que ayuda a entender cómo funcionan y a saber cómo intervenir. En el futuro, los estudios deben ocuparse de problemas como la selección de participantes y el tipo de estudio realizado, y examinar si la escala se puede usar en diferentes culturas.

ABSTRACT This article reflects on the role of mediations and territorial justice in peacebuilding led by women and youth in Riosucio, Chocó, Colombia. This reflection derives from the experience of the project "Spinning Political Capacities for Transitions in the Territories", specifically from the recognition of the importance of mediation practices and territorial justice by the women of the "Community Caregivers Network" and the youth of the "Municipal Youth Platform". These mediations have allowed the communities to confront territorial conflicts through a process of community organization in which territorial justice and mediations are recognized as key elements in peace building and promoting the transformation of social and political relations in the territory

RESUMEN El presente artículo reflexiona sobre el papel de las mediaciones y la justicia territorial en la construcción de paz liderada por mujeres y jóvenes en Riosucio, Chocó, Colombia. Esta reflexión se deriva de la experiencia del proyecto "Hilando Capacidades Políticas para las Transiciones en los Territorios", específicamente del reconocimiento de la importancia de las prácticas de mediación y la justicia territorial por parte de las mujeres de la "Red de Cuidadoras comunitarias" y de los jóvenes de la "Plataforma Municipal de la Juventud". Estas mediaciones han permitido a las comunidades afrontar los conflictos territoriales a través de un proceso de organización comunitaria en el que se reconoce la justicia territorial y las mediaciones como elementos claves en la construcción de paz y para la transformación de las relaciones sociales y políticas en el territorio.

RESUMO Este artigo reflecte sobre o papel da mediação e da justiça territorial na construção da paz liderada por mulheres e jovens em Riosucio, Chocó, Colômbia. Esta reflexão deriva da experiência do projeto "Spinning Political Capacities for Transitions in the Territories", especificamente do reconhecimento da importância das práticas de mediação e justiça territorial pelas mulheres da "Rede de Cuidadoras Comunitárias" e pelos jovens da "Plataforma Municipal da Juventude". Estas mediações têm permitido às comunidades enfrentar os conflitos territoriais através de um processo de organização comunitária em que a justiça territorial e as mediações são reconhecidas como elementos fundamentais para a construção da paz e para a transformação das relações sociais e políticas no território.

Resumo: Introdução. O tabagismo é um problema de saúde pública mundial. Atualmente é considerado a principal causa de morte evitável do mundo. O uso simultâneo de tabaco e maconha está associado a um maior risco de persistência e recaída de ambos consumos. Nos últimos anos, o uso de sistemas eletrônicos de liberação de nicotina em jovens tem aumentado no mundo todo, devido à novidade do seu uso, ao grande número de sabores e à noção de que são menos nocivos. O objetivo foi conhecer a prevalência do consumo de tabaco, maconha e cigarro eletrônico na população uruguaia de entre 15 e 21 anos, a associação do consumo entre eles e a percepção do risco de seu uso. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo analítico transversal no período de fevereiro-abril de 2021. Uma pesquisa anônima, voluntária e autoadministrada foi divulgada por meio de redes sociais e centros educacionais públicos e privados em todo o país. Para o processamento dos dados foi utilizado o software de dados SPSS 25, considerando um nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados e Discussão: 1.517 respostas foram processadas. Constatou-se que 54% fumaram cigarro alguma vez e 19,7% usaram-o regularmente no último mês. 48% usaram maconha em algum momento e 19,4% o fizeram no último mês. As prevalências encontradas para tabaco e maconha são superiores às relatadas na literatura nacional. Com relação ao cigarro eletrônico, não há dados disponíveis em nosso meio para essa faixa etária, sendo que o presente estudo relata que 32% o utilizaram em algum momento. Dos que fumam cigarros, 84% e 58% já usaram maconha e cigarros eletrônicos, respectivamente. Dos que usaram cigarro eletrônico alguma vez, 50% nunca fumaram ou apenas experimentaram com cigarros tradicionais; esse fato pode corresponder ao fato do cigarro eletrônico atuar como porta de entrada para o tabagismo nos jovens. Encontrou-se associação significativa entre consumir uma das três substâncias e ter pai, mãe ou responsável que a consome ou consumiu, dados condizentes com o histórico no Uruguai. Em relação à percepção de risco, 98% concordaram que o tabaco é prejudicial à saúde, 66% concordaram com a maconha e 81% com o cigarro eletrônico. Ao analisar as patologias específicas, observam-se diferenças marcantes de acordo com a substância considerada, sendo que 73%. Conclusões: Observou-se alta prevalência de consumo dessas substâncias em jovens e apreciável associação entre elas. Curiosamente, foi encontrada uma prevalência semelhante de uso de cigarro e maconha no último mês. Isso é especialmente relevante tendo em vista que foi observada uma diferença significativa entre a percepção do risco de consumo dessas substâncias, sendo a maconha consideravelmente menor. Em relação aos cigarros eletrónicos, há uma subestimação dos malefícios que provocam entre os jovens inquiridos. Em razão do exposto, a elaboração de políticas públicas especificamente direcionadas a esse problema seria da hierarquia.

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Abstract: Introduction: Smoking is a public health problem worldwide. It is currently considered the leading cause of preventable death in the world. The simultaneous use of tobacco and marijuana is associated with a higher risk of persistence and relapse of both substances. In the last few years, the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems in young people has increased worldwide, due to the novelty of their use, the large number of flavors and the conception that its use is less harmful. The aim of the present work was to estimate the prevalence of tobacco, marijuana and electronic cigarette consumption in the Uruguayan population between 15 and 21 years of age, the association of consumption between them and the perception of the risk linked to their use. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out during February-April 2021. An anonymous, voluntary and self-administered survey was distributed among social networks and public and private schools throughout the country. SPSS 25 data software was used for data processing, considering a significance level of 0.05. Results and Discussion: 1517 responses were processed. It was found that 54% smoked cigarettes at some point and 19.7% smoked regularly in the last month. 48% used marijuana at some point and 19.4% did so in the last month. The prevalences found for tobacco and marijuana are higher than those reported in the national literature. With regard to electronic cigarettes, there is no local data available for this age range, with the present study reporting that 32% used it at some point. Of those who smoke cigarettes, 84% and 58% used marijuana and e-cigarettes at some point, respectively. Of those who used electronic cigarettes at some point, 50% never smoked or only tried traditional cigarettes; this could attest to electronic cigarettes acting as a gateway to smoking in young people. A significant association between consuming one of the three substances and having a father, mother or guardian who consumes or consumed them was found, data consistent with local records. Regarding risk perception, 98% agreed that tobacco is harmful, 66% agreed so with marijuana and 81% agreed so with electronic cigarettes. When analyzing specific diseases, substantial differences were observed depending on the drug. 73% believe that electronic cigarettes are less harmful than smoking regular cigarettes. Conclusions: It was shown that there is a high prevalence of consumption of these substances in young people and a considerable association between them. Interestingly, there was a similar prevalence of consumption of cigarettes and marijuana in the last month. This is especially relevant given that there was a significant difference between the risk perception of cigarettes vs marijuana, with the latter being considerably less. Regarding electronic cigarettes, there is an underestimation of the harm associated with their use. Therefore, it would be of hierarchy to promulgate public policies directed to this problem.

Abstract. This article offers an initial exploration of the process by which youth have colonized nightlife in Mexico City between 1940 and 1960. Given the paucity of historical research on youth and nocturnality, I employ several representative scenes from the film Los Caifanes (1967) as the central axis of my argumentation. The selection of these scenes is based on their recreation of age-specific practices, as identified in historical studies that address the subject tangentially. The following analysis focuses on the construction of various youth typologies, moral panics, forms of control, youthful rebellion, and the transformation of urban nightlife. A social differentiation in nocturnal entertainment forms is observed based on the social class of the youth. The concluding considerations offer a preliminary conclusion: the persistence and adaptation of the sociocultural construction of night to contemporary transformations of urban life.

Resumen. Este artículo es una primera aproximación al proceso de colonización de la vida nocturna por los jóvenes en la Ciudad de México entre 1940 y 1960. Dada la escasez de investigaciones históricas sobre las juventudes y las nocturnidades, recurro a algunas escenas representativas de Los Caifanes (1967) como eje articulador de mi argumentación. La selección de estas escenas parte de que recrean prácticas características de la edad según estudios históricos que tratan tangencialmente el tema. El siguiente análisis se enfoca en la construcción de las distintas tipologías de las juventudes, pánicos morales, formas de control, sublevación juvenil y la transformación de la vida nocturna citadina. Se observa una diferenciación social en las formas de diversión nocturna según la clase social de los jóvenes. Las consideraciones finales ofrecen una conclusión preliminar: la persistencia y la adaptación de la construcción sociocultural de la noche a las transformaciones contemporáneas de la vida citadina.

Abstract. The objective of this text is to develop an analytical proposal on the social construction of night as a specific time, which, through the material and symbolic appropriation of spaces, enables the structuring of varied nocturnal social universes among heterogeneous actors, which I call nocturnities. The contribution of this text lies in the nocturnalities of urban villages, thereby expanding the discussion on the culture of night and nocturnalities to rural and rural-urban contexts, not limiting it to urban realms and youth sectors. Methodologically, I drew on three years of fieldwork focused on nocturnal places and testimonies from their protagonists in the city of Puebla. Night is spelled out through nocturnal spaces where actors, practices, places, and significations build nocturnalities as a sociocultural construct within a specific temporality.

Resumen. El objetivo de este texto es elaborar una propuesta analítica sobre la construcción social de la noche a manera de tiempo específico que, a través de la apropiación material y simbólica de espacios, posibilita estructurar, entre actores heterogéneos, variados universos nocturnos de sociabilidad, que denomino nocturnidades. La aportación del texto son las nocturnidades de pueblos urbanos, con ello la discusión sobre la cultura de la no che y las nocturnidades se expande a los contextos rurales y rural-urbanos y no se queda en los ámbitos urbanos y en los sectores de jóvenes. Metodológicamente recurrí al trabajo de campo realizado durante tres años, centrado en lugares nocturnos y testimonios de sus protagonistas en la ciudad de Puebla. La noche se deletrea por espacios nocturnos en el que actores, prácticas, lugares y significaciones edifican nocturnidades como un constructo sociocultural en una temporalidad específica.

Abstract: This article studies the transnational career of the Brazilian intellectual Darcy Ribeiro in order to reconstruct the connections between the interventions of left movements in the university question, emphasizing educational centers in Argentina, Mexico, Chile and other countries in the region. This approach to the university question allows us to avoid one-directional perspectives that depict the sixties and seventies as a time of rupture, marked by the predominance of the New Left. Far from these linear visions, the debate on the crisis in the universities captures regular crossovers between different actors, such as communist youth, left Peronists and groups that were strongly critical of the traditional left. The article concludes that, if one explores these debates, perhaps one could find more bridges between varied experiences of politization, radicalization and partisanization, but with shared issues and approaches.

Resumen: El artículo toma como referencia la trayectoria trasnacional del intelectual brasileño Darcy Ribeiro, con la finalidad de reconstruir en forma conectada las intervenciones de las izquierdas latinoamericanas en torno a la cuestión universitaria, haciendo hincapié en centros de estudio de Argentina, México, Chile y otros países de la región. El abordaje de la cuestión universitaria permite evitar las perspectivas unidireccionales que retratan a los sesenta y setenta como un momento de ruptura, marcado por el predominio de una nueva izquierda. Lejos de esas visiones lineales, el debate sobre la crisis de las universidades manifiesta encrucijadas comunes entre diversos actores, como las juventudes comunistas, el peronismo de izquierda y grupos fuertemente críticos de las izquierdas tradicionales. De esta manera, el trabajo concluye que si se profundiza en este tipo de controversias quizás puedan encontrarse más puentes tendidos entre experiencias de politización, radicalización y partidización diversas, pero con temáticas y abordajes comunes.

Abstract: This study proposes a model to evaluate the impact of a quality management system on the processes linked to teaching and learning in students recently graduated from the Faculty of Engineering at the Autonomous University of Baja California (Mexico). The perceptions of youth about the influence of processes directly related to their learning are gathered by using an online survey. The survey is evaluated by experts in academic areas and with experience implementing a quality system in the educational field. The sample consists of 82 participants at the end of the 2023-1 cycle. The results highlight a positive influence on student training and reveal areas for improvement to enrich future educational experience. It is concluded that this analysis allows identifying risks in quality management, opening the way to continuous improvement.

Resumen: Este estudio propone un modelo para evaluar el impacto de un sistema de gestión de calidad en los procesos vinculados con la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en estudiantes recién egresados de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (México). Se recogen las percepciones de los jóvenes sobre la influencia de los procesos directamente relacionados con su aprendizaje utilizando una encuesta en línea. La encuesta es evaluada por expertos en áreas académicas y con experiencia en implementación de un sistema de calidad en el ámbito educativo. La muestra es de 82 participantes al final del ciclo 2023-1. Los resultados destacan una influencia positiva en la formación estudiantil y señalan áreas de mejora para enriquecer la experiencia educativa futura. Se concluye que este análisis permite identificar riesgos en la gestión de calidad, abriendo camino a la mejora continua.