Resumen Se estudia el emprendimiento y la reintegración de personas colombianas que migraron a Venezuela hacia el año 2000 y fueron deportadas a Colombia en 2015 por el gobierno venezolano. Se investiga hasta qué punto sus movilidades espaciales transfronterizas y sus redes sociales contribuyen al avance de sus microemprendimientos, y cómo el contexto geopolítico influye en su reintegración socioeconómica. La metodología comprende la observación etnográfica multisituada, las entrevistas biográficas, los mapas mentales y los talleres participativos Minga realizados con 18 individuos. Se concluye que, pese a su notable resiliencia, las personas en retorno y sus emprendimientos se enfrentan a una precariedad constante debido a la falta de apoyo estatal, los conflictos geopolíticos prevalentes, la débil economía local y el trauma de la deportación. Así mismo, buscando mejorar su reintegración socioeconómica, los migrantes que retornan efectúan estrategias de movilidad transfronteriza para aprovechar las oportunidades ofrecidas por diferentes lugares en Colombia y Venezuela.

Abstract This paper explores the entrepreneurship and reintegration of Colombians who migrated to Venezuela around 2000 and were arbitrarily deported to Colombia in 2015 by the Venezuelan government. It asks to what extent their cross-border spatial mobilities and social networks help develop their microenterprises and how the geopolitical context influences their socioeconomic reintegration. The methodology includes multi-sited ethnographic observation, biographical interviews, mental maps, and participatory Minga workshops carried out with 18 individuals. It is concluded that, despite their remarkable resilience, these individuals and their business ventures face constant precarity due to a lack of state support, prevalent geopolitical conflicts, a weak local economy, and the trauma of deportation. At the same time, in an attempt to improve their socioeconomic reintegration, returning migrants deploy cross-border mobility strategies to take advantage of the opportunities offered by different localities in Colombia and Venezuela.

Abstract There are multiple approaches to examining 'gender in organisations,' each exhibiting diversity and originating from various fields and ideological frameworks. Mainstream literature on 'gender in organisations' focuses on gender-based differences within the organisation-emphasizing concepts like glass ceilings, sticky floors, and variations in management practices between men and women-to shed light on discriminatory practices against women. However, this perspective, which views organisations as gender-neutral spaces, overlooks concealed mechanisms that perpetuate patriarchal social structures. These mechanisms not only act as obstacles to equal job opportunities but also create environments marked by inequality, discrimination, and violence, mirroring societal-level issues. To address these shortcomings, the article adopts an approach from Feminist Action Research methods, highlighting its ability to challenge power dynamics and facilitate inclusive decision-making processes, revealing its influence on transformation at organisational, personal, and social levels. To illustrate the benefits from Feminist Action Research, this article explains the research process conducted at Alternative and Solidarity Economy Network of the Valencian Country (XEAS País Valencià, using its Valencian acronym) over 14 months. During this period a feminist organisational change process was implemented to reflect upon and transition towards a more liveable organisation. Various qualitative techniques, such as semi-structured interviews, participatory workshops, participant observation, and document review, were combined to conduct this study. The lessons learned from this study can inspire future similar studies in the Management field, with an aspiration to address gender discrimination issues more in-depth.

Resumen Existen múltiples enfoques para examinar el "género en las organizaciones", cada uno mostrando diversidad y originándose en diversos campos y marcos ideológicos. La literatura convencional sobre "género en las organizaciones" se centra en las diferencias basadas en el género dentro de la organización, destacando conceptos como techos de cristal, suelos pegajosos y variaciones en las prácticas de gestión entre hombres y mujeres, para arrojar luz sobre las prácticas discriminatorias contra las mujeres. Sin embargo, esta perspectiva, que considera a las organizaciones como espacios neutrales en cuanto al género, pasa por alto mecanismos ocultos que perpetúan estructuras sociales patriarcales. Estos mecanismos no solo actúan como obstáculos para la igualdad de oportunidades laborales, sino que también crean entornos marcados por la desigualdad, la discriminación y la violencia, reflejando problemas a nivel social. Para abordar estas deficiencias, el artículo adopta un enfoque basado en métodos de Investigación Acción Feminista, destacando su capacidad para desafiar las dinámicas de poder y facilitar procesos de toma de decisiones inclusivos, revelando su influencia en la transformación a nivel organizacional, personal y social. Para ilustrar los beneficios de la Investigación Acción Feminista, este artículo explica el proceso de investigación llevado a cabo en la Red de Economía Alternativa y Solidaria del País Valenciano (XEAS País Valencià, usando su acrónimo en valenciano) durante 14 meses. Durante este período, se implementó un proceso de cambio organizacional feminista para reflexionar y transitar hacia una organización más habitable. Se combinaron diversas técnicas cualitativas, como entrevistas semiestructuradas, talleres participativos, observación participante y revisión de documentos, para llevar a cabo este estudio. Las lecciones aprendidas de este estudio pueden inspirar futuros estudios similares en el campo de la Gestión, con la aspiración de abordar más a fondo los problemas de discriminación de género.

Resumo: Com o desenvolvimento desta investigação foram realizadas duas aulas com atividades experimentais, adotando um enfoque de aplicações físicas para abranger o estudo de integrais triplas e integrais de linha no contexto educativo. Estas aulas foram concebidas com o objetivo de explorar como a aplicação de conceitos físicos pode enriquecer e facilitar a compreensão de tópicos matemáticos avançados. A investigação proposta faz parte de um estudo quantitativo de laboratório, que foi mensurado por meio de testes de pré e pós-teste, permitindo avaliar o ganho conceitual pelo método de Hake, bem como testes de hipóteses e análise de parâmetros estatísticos. Além das avaliações quantitativas, foi utilizado um diferencial semântico para mensurar aspectos relacionados à atitude dos participantes em relação à aprendizagem de integrais triplas e de linha. Esses instrumentos de medição proporcionaram uma visão abrangente do impacto das atividades experimentais no processo de aprendizagem dos estudantes. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que as aplicações físicas experimentais podem ser uma estratégia pedagógica eficaz para ensinar e aprender conceitos avançados de cálculo, como integrais triplas e de linha. Além disso, ficou evidente seu potencial para promover uma aprendizagem mais significativa e duradoura para o estudante, ao proporcionar uma compreensão mais profunda e uma maior conexão com o mundo real dos fenômenos físicos. Estas descobertas sugerem a importância da integração de atividades experimentais no processo de ensino de matemática, especialmente em áreas que requerem um enfoque mais abstrato e teórico.

Resumen: Con el desarrollo de esta investigación, se llevaron a cabo dos talleres con actividades experimentales, adoptando un enfoque desde las aplicaciones físicas para abarcar el estudio de las integrales triples e integrales de línea en el contexto educativo. Estos talleres se diseñaron con el objetivo de explorar cómo la aplicación de conceptos físicos puede enriquecer y facilitar la comprensión de temas matemáticos avanzados. La investigación propuesta se enmarca en un estudio cuantitativo de laboratorio, que se medió a través de unas pruebas pretest y postest, permitiendo evaluar la ganancia conceptual utilizando el método de Hake, así como realizar pruebas de hipótesis y análisis de parámetros estadísticos. Además de las evaluaciones cuantitativas, se empleó un diferencial semántico para medir aspectos relacionados con la actitud de los participantes hacia el aprendizaje de las integrales triples y de línea. Estos instrumentos de medición proporcionaron una visión integral del impacto de las actividades experimentales en el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que las aplicaciones físicas experimentales pueden ser una estrategia pedagógica efectiva para enseñar y aprender conceptos avanzados de cálculo, como las integrales triples y de línea. Además, se evidenció su potencial para promover un aprendizaje más significativo y duradero para el estudiante, al proporcionar una comprensión más profunda y una mayor conexión con el mundo real de los fenómenos físicos. Estos hallazgos sugieren la importancia de integrar actividades experimentales en el pro- ceso de enseñanza de las matemáticas, especialmente en áreas que requieren un enfoque más abstracto y teórico.

Abstract: For this research, there were two workshops with experimental activities carried out with an approach from physical applications to cover the study of triple integrals and line integrals in an educational context. These workshops were designed to explore how the application of physical concepts can enrich and facilitate the understanding of advanced mathematical topics. The proposed research is framed as a quantitative laboratory study measured by pre- and post-tests to assess conceptual gain using Hake’s method, hypothesis testing, and statistical parameter analysis. In addition to the quantitative assessments, a semantic differential was used to measure aspects related to participants’ attitudes toward triple and line integral learning. These measurement tools provided a comprehensive view of the impact of the experimental activities on the students’ learning process. The results showed that experimental physics applications can be an effective pedagogical strategy for teaching and learning advanced calculus concepts such as triple and line integrals. In addition, their potential to promote more meaningful and lasting student learning by providing a deeper understanding and greater connection to the real world of physical phenomena was demonstrated. These findings suggest the importance of integrating experimental activities into the mathematics classroom, especially in areas that require a more abstract and theoretical approach.

RESUMEN Toda comunidad educativa debe estar fortalecida en su ambiente laboral para ser modelo de los escolares a quienes presta servicio, por eso, la presente investigación diseñó y validó la efectividad de un programa psico-axiológico centrado en los valores morales para fortalecer el clima laboral en una institución educativa privada del norte peruano. Se observó y diagnosticó el estado del clima laboral en la institución mediante Escala Clima Laboral de Sonia Palma, luego se diseñó y aplicó en cuatro talleres el programa psico axiológico a la totalidad de los docentes, durante cuatro meses. La investigación fue de tipo cuasi experimental, bajo diseño de pre y postest con un solo grupo. Se concluyó la efectividad del programa psico-axiológico tras el análisis de resultados al mejorarse significativamente los cinco factores de la escala mencionada: Realización Personal, Involucramiento laboral, Supervisión y Comunicación.

ABSTRACT Every educational community should be strengthened in its work environment in order to be a model for the schoolchildren it serves. Therefore, this research designed and validated the effectiveness of a psycho-axiological program focused on moral values to strengthen the work environment in a private educational institution in northern Peru. The state of the work environment in the institution was observed and diagnosed by means of Sonia Palma's Work Environment Scale, then the psycho-axiological program was designed and applied in four workshops to all teachers during four months. The research was of a quasi-experimental type, under a pre- and post-test design with a single group. The effectiveness of the psycho-axiological program was concluded after the analysis of the results by significantly improving the five factors of the mentioned scale: Personal Accomplishment, Work Involvement, Supervision and Communication.

Collaboration between different disciplines, sectors and society is essential to tackle contemporary sustainability problems. This paper integrates learnings and reflections from a series of workshops and interviews conducted in the Berg-Breede landscape that explored the challenges and enablers to long-term, researcher-practitioner partnerships. We found several, often entrenched and systemic, challenges to working collectively and equitably within complex landscape spaces. From conversations on solutions to these hurdles, we distilled out four key enablers of enduring collaboration, drawing on critical moments of learning and understanding and thinking about how the benefits and values of collaboration can be leveraged and amplified. Our work illuminates how supporting enduring collaborations can help bridge the research-implementation gap to facilitate more equitable and resilient multi-functional landscapes. SIGNIFICANCE: While sustainable and equitable management of landscapes can be improved through intentional efforts to build collaborative partnerships between researchers and practitioners, the longevity and endurance of these partnerships rely on several features, including shifts in the way researchers design and undertake their research, in the values and benefits that collaboration can deliver, and in how research findings are articulated and shared. Third spaces can play an important role in achieving these shifts and enhancing collaboration.

Abstract: In November 2021, the President of Mexico (2018-2024) declared that the priority megaprojects of the National Development Plan (Maya Train, Isthmus of Tehuantepec Interoceanic Corridor, Dos Bocas Refinery) fall within the realm of national security. Public and private investments in these projects are directed towards southeastern Mexico, covering the states of Oaxaca, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Campeche, Yucatán, and Tabasco. These regions are home to indigenous peoples and communities that hold 45% of Mexico’s total social property. In some cases, these communities are visibly linked to national political organizations that defend land and territory. The decree is considered a state of exception applied to land-territory use, with dual implications. On one hand, it represents the undivided social field monopolized by monetary metrics. On the other hand, it signifies the expansion of a neocolonial condition promoted by the Mexican federal government, which marginalizes the voice of resistance in favor of adopting the capital logic defined by the stratification of the global economy. The methodology involves participatory action research since 2019, collaborative research through the coordination of workshops, caravans, marches, and political-community meetings, promoted in conjunction with assemblies fighting for territorial defense. We anticipate the increased use of such state of exception in response to the intertwined rise of health, environmental, and economic contingencies that drive the economic cycle, coupled with ineffective governmental policies formulated for regular times. In other words, the state of exception is activated to ensure the continuity of capital accumulation driven by the concentration of private property.

Resumo: Em novembro de 2021, o chefe do Poder Executivo federal do México (2018-2024) decretou os megaprojetos prioritários do Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento (Tren Maya, Corredor Interoceânico do Istmo de Tehuantepec, Refinaria Dos Bocas) no campo da segurança nacional. Os investimentos públicos e privados nesses projetos são destinados ao sudeste do México, que inclui os estados de Oaxaca, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Campeche, Yucatán e Tabasco. Esses estados abrigam povos e comunidades indígenas que detêm 45 % da propriedade social total do México e, em alguns casos, estão visivelmente ligados a espaços nacionais de organização política em torno da defesa do território. Consideramos que esse decreto é um estado de exceção exercido sobre o uso da terra-território, com uma dupla implicação. Por um lado, a indivisão do campo social provocada pelo direito monopolizado pela métrica monetária. Por outro, a expansão da condição neocolonial promovida pelo governo federal do México ao deslocar a voz da resistência para adotar a lógica do capital, conforme definido pela estratificação da economia mundial. A metodologia está inscrita no processo de pesquisa-ação participativa desde 2019, pesquisa colaborativa por meio da coordenação de oficinas, caravanas, marchas e reuniões político-comunitárias, promovidas em conjunto com assembleias de luta e resistência pela defesa territorial. Prevemos o uso crescente desse tipo de estado de exceção diante do aumento entrelaçado das contingências sanitárias, ambientais e econômicas, que marcam o ritmo do ciclo econômico, e da ineficácia da política governamental formulada para tempos regulares. Em outras palavras, o estado de exceção é viabilizado para garantir a perpetuidade da acumulação de capital gerada pela concentração da propriedade privada.

Resumen: En noviembre de 2021, el titular del poder ejecutivo federal de México (2018-2024) decretó los megaproyectos prioritarios del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo (Tren Maya, Corredor Interoceánico del Istmo de Tehuantepec, Refinería Dos Bocas) en el ámbito de seguridad nacional. Las inversiones públicas y privadas de aquellas obras tienen como destino el sureste de México que abarca los estados de Oaxaca, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Campeche, Yucatán y Tabasco. Albergan allí pueblos originarios y comunidades que detentan el 45 % del total de la propiedad social de México y, en algunos casos, es visible su vinculación a espacios nacionales de organización política en torno a la defensa de la tierra-territorio. Ese decreto lo consideramos un estado de excepción ejercido sobre el uso de la tierra-territorio, con una doble implicación. Por un lado, la indivisión del campo social que trae consigo el derecho monopolizado por la métrica monetaria. Por el otro, la expansión de la condición neocolonial promovida por el Gobierno federal de México al desplazar la voz de la resistencia para adoptar la lógica del capital que se encuentra definida por la estratificación de la economía-mundo. La metodología se inscribe en el proceso de investigación acción participante desde 2019, investigación colaborativa por medio de la coordinación de talleres, caravanas, marchas y encuentros político-comunitarios, promovidos en conjunto con asambleas en lucha y resistencia por la defensa territorial. Anticipamos el uso creciente de esta clase de estado de excepción ante el incremento imbricado de las contingencias sanitarias, ambientales y económicas, que marcan el ritmo del ciclo económico, y la inefectiva política gubernamental formulada para tiempos regulares. En otras palabras, el estado de excepción es habilitado para garantizar la perpetuidad de la acumulación de capital gestada con la concentración de la propiedad privada.

Abstract The quarry-workshops are ancient lithic landscapes that are socially significant and traditional. The aim of this work was to analyze the technological activities and the persistent use of space in a quarry-workshop landscape in Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca province, Argentina). For this purpose, techno-typological studies of lithic assemblages sampled in different sectors of the quarry-workshop landscape were carried out, together with an analysis of differential stages of eolian abrasion. The quarry-workshop landscape has activity areas under open sky and repair where core reduction, blank extraction and tool knapping were carried out. The presence of techno-technological diagnostic tools (e.g., bifaces, bifacial thinning flakes, preforms and projectile points) indicated the activities of hunter-gatherer groups that occupied the region in different time periods. On the other hand, the information from the different stages of eolian abrasion allowed a chronological approach to the knapping events that gave rise to this ancient landscape. In addition, the analysis of the differential stages of abrasion made it possible to recognize cases of artifact reclamation and the reuse of task spaces in a persistent way. In sum, the data recovered from the analysis of the lithic assemblages made it possible to confirm the continuous procurement of raw materials and the sustained use of space at different moments of the local time sequence. In fact, the conformation of this ancient social landscape occurred continuously from the early Holocene and early middle Holocene.

Resumen Las canteras-taller conforman paisajes líticos antiguos que son socialmente significativos y tradicionales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las actividades tecnológicas y el uso persistente del espacio en un paisaje de canteras-taller de Antofagasta de la Sierra (provincia de Catamarca, Argentina). Para tal fin se llevaron a cabo estudios tecno-tipológicos de conjuntos líticos muestreados en diferentes sectores del paisaje de canteras-taller, junto a un análisis de estadios diferenciales de abrasión eólica. El paisaje de canteras-taller cuenta con áreas de actividad a cielo abierto y bajo reparo donde se realizaron tareas de reducción de núcleos, extracción de formas-base y formatización de instrumentos. La presencia de artefactos tecno-tipológicamente diagnósticos (por ejemplo, bifaces, lascas de adelgazamiento bifacial, preformas y puntas de proyectil) dio cuenta de actividades de grupos cazadores-recolectores que ocuparon la región en diferentes lapsos temporales. Por su parte, la información reunida de los distintos estadios de abrasión eólica permitió efectuar una aproximación cronológica relativa a los eventos de talla que dieron origen a este antiguo paisaje. Además, el análisis de los estadios diferenciales de abrasión posibilitó reconocer casos de reclamación de artefactos y la reutilización de espacios de tareas de manera persistente. En suma, los datos recobrados del análisis de los conjuntos líticos posibilitaron constatar el aprovisionamiento continuo de materias primas y el uso permanente del espacio en diferentes momentos de la secuencia temporal local. En efecto, la conformación de este antiguo paisaje social se dio de manera sostenida desde el Holoceno temprano e inicios del Holoceno medio.

Abstract Listening is the first sense that human beings develop, it is necessary to learn to speak, read, and write; however, it is not the focus of formal education. Nevertheless, other training and practice spaces recognize the importance of this skill. This is the case of ethnography, which promotes it as a fundamental component of its epistemological and descriptive perspectives. Another area of listening practices is interlearning, which is fostered through the Intercultural Inductive Method. This article aims to account for both how Maria Bertely, as an ethnographer, co-constructor, and overseer of the Intercultural Inductive Method and coordinator of projects within the Inductive Intercultural Education Network, understood and practiced listening, as well as examine its dimensions in the current project of this network concerning reading and writing in indigenous languages. To do so, concepts of listening, texts by Maria Bertely, and working documents of the ongoing project are reviewed. Among the findings, the central role of interlearning stands out, as it is linked to certain modes of listening and generated in intercultural contexts. Maria Bertely's listening practices are rooted in her hermeneutical perspective of ethnography and interlearning. The teacher training workshops of the project demonstrate the complexity of listening in indigenous population contexts and the importance of maintaining oral practices.

Resumen La escucha es el primer sentido que desarrollan los seres humanos, es necesario para aprender a hablar, leer y escribir; sin embargo, no es objeto de enseñanza escolarizada. No obstante, existen otros espacios de formación y práctica que reconocen la importancia de esta habilidad. Es el caso de la etnografía, que la fomenta como componente fundamental de sus perspectivas epistemológicas y descriptivas. Otro ámbito de prácticas de escucha son los interaprendizajes que se generan mediante el Método Inductivo Intercultural. Este artículo tiene como objetivo dar cuenta de cómo María Bertely, como etnógrafa, co-constructora y supervisora del Método Inductivo Intercultural y coordinadora de proyectos dentro de la Red de Educación Intercultural Inductiva, entendió y practicó la escucha, así como examinar sus dimensiones en el actual proyecto de esta red sobre lectura y escritura en lenguas indígenas. Para ello se revisan conceptos de escucha, textos de la propia María Bertely y documentos de trabajo del proyecto en curso. Entre los hallazgos destaca el lugar central que ocupan los interaprendizajes, articulados con ciertos modos de escucha y generados en contextos interculturales. Las prácticas de escucha de María Bertely se inscriben en su perspectiva hermenéutica de etnografía y el interaprendizaje. Los talleres de formación docente del proyecto evidencian la complejidad de escucha en contextos de población indígena y la importancia de mantener prácticas de oralidad frente al predominio de lo visual y escrito promovido tradicionalmente por la escuela.

A prevenção da violência contra criança e adolescente busca eliminar/reduzir os fatores sociais, culturais e ambientais que propiciam a ocorrência das violências. Objetivou-se analisar as estratégias oferecidas aos jovens para o exercício de sua criatividade, bem como os produtos criados acerca da prevenção desse fenômeno. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação interventiva, realizada em duas escolas públicas de um estado do Nordeste do Brasil, com 13 adolescentes, com média de idade de 14 anos. As propostas elaboradas pelos jovens destacam a necessidade da: informação, denúncia, busca de ajuda junto a profissionais da saúde, pessoas de confiança, uso de tecnologia, e a articulação em rede para o trabalho de prevenção da violência. Conclui-se que para o protagonismo dos adolescentes faz-se necessário que a escola e outros ambientes ampliem os espaços de escuta, expressão da criatividade, compreendam suas potencialidades, reflexões e estratégias de combate/prevenção das violências.

 Preventing violence against children and adolescents seeks to eliminate/reduce the social, cultural and environmental factors that encourage the occurrence of violence. The objective was to analyze the strategies offered to young people to exercise their creativity, as well as the products created to prevent this phenomenon. This is an interventional action research, carried out in two public schools in a state in the Northeast of Brazil, with 13 adolescents, with an average age of 14 years. The proposals prepared by young people highlight the need for: information, reporting, seeking help from health professionals, trusted people, use of technology, and networking for violence prevention work. It is concluded that for teenagers to take a leading role, it is necessary for schools and other environments to expand spaces for listening, expression of creativity, understanding their potential, reflections and strategies for combating/preventing violence.

La prevención de la violencia busca eliminar/reducir los factores sociales, culturales y ambientales que fomentan la ocurrencia de violencia. El objetivo fue analizar las estrategias que se ofrecen a los jóvenes para ejercitar su creatividad, así como los productos creados para prevenir este fenómeno. Se trata de una investigación-acción intervencionista, realizada en dos escuelas públicas de un estado del Nordeste de Brasil, con 13 adolescentes, con edad promedio de 14 años. Las propuestas elaboradas por los jóvenes resaltan la necesidad de: información, denuncia, búsqueda de ayuda de profesionales de la salud, personas de confianza, uso de la tecnología y trabajo en red para el trabajo de prevención de la violencia. Se concluye que para que los adolescentes asuman un rol protagónico es necesario que las escuelas y otros ambientes amplíen espacios de escucha, expresión de creatividad, comprensión de sus potencialidades, reflexiones y estrategias para combatir/prevenir la violencia.

ABSTRACT This study aims to develop an eco-friendly, recyclable, and cost-effective composite material for use in storage sheds and machine workshops. The new composite consists of stone dust and gravel bricks bonded by recycled polypropylene through heat treatment. The main focus of this study is to determine the effects of varying polymer proportions on the resistance and permeability properties of the studied composite, intending to achieve optimal properties, i.e., high resistance and low permeability. To do this, the 2² factorial arrangement was employed, comprising four treatments along with three central points, each replicated three times. The data was statistically analyzed at a 95% confidence level from an adapted methodology. This involved tests of compression strength, 3-point bending strength, Los Angeles abrasion, and water absorption by immersion, in which three percentages of polymer content (PC) - 15, 25, and 35% - and aggregates (fine sand, medium sand, and coarse sand - FS, MS, and CS) were used to prepare the composite. The developed composite was deemed suitable for use in storage warehouses and machine workshops, as it presented physical and mechanical appropriate characteristics, i.e., a low water absorption rate and high resistance to compression and abrasion, in addition to being an environmentally friendly composite. ecofriendly, ecofriendly eco friendly, eco-friendly recyclable costeffective cost effective workshops treatment ie i e i.e. 2 employed points times 95 methodology strength 3point point 3 abrasion immersion PC (PC 15 25 35 fine FS MS CS characteristics i.e 9 1

RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver um material compósito ecológico, reciclável e de baixo custo para uso em galpões de armazenamento e oficinas de máquinas. O novo compósito consiste em um bloco de pó de pedra e cascalho unidos por polipropileno reciclado através de tratamento térmico. O foco principal deste estudo é determinar os efeitos de variações nas proporções de polímeros nas propriedades de resistência e permeabilidade do compósito estudado, visando alcançar propriedades ótimas, ou seja, alta resistência e baixa permeabilidade. Para isso, utilizou-se o arranjo fatorial 2², composto por quatro tratamentos e três pontos centrais, cada um replicado três vezes. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente com nível de confiança de 95% a partir de metodologia adaptada. Isso envolveu testes de resistência à compressão, resistência à flexão em 3 pontos, abrasão Los Angeles e absorção de água por imersão, nos quais três porcentagens de teor de polímero (PC) - 15, 25 e 35% - e agregados (areia fina, areia média, e areia grossa - FS, MS e CS) foram usadas para preparar o compósito. O compósito desenvolvido foi considerado adequado para utilização em armazéns e oficinas de máquinas, pois apresentou características físicas e mecânicas adequadas, ou seja, baixa taxa de absorção de água e alta resistência à compressão e abrasão, além de ser um compósito ecologicamente correto. ecológico máquinas térmico estudado ótimas seja isso utilizouse utilizou se 2² centrais vezes 95 adaptada imersão PC (PC 15 2 35 fina média FS CS adequadas correto 9 1

RESUMEN Introducción: La capacitación en reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) y uso correcto del desfibrilador externo automático (DEA) permite la intervención de los ciudadanos legos en situaciones de paro cardíaco extrahospitalario (PCEH). En Paraguay, la Ley n° 5.578/2016 establece el uso obligatorio del DEA en centros de concurrencia masiva (CCM). Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de un programa de capacitación intensiva en reanimación cardiopulmonar y uso del desfibrilador externo automático entre representantes de centros de concurrencia masiva en Asunción julio-setiembre 2023. Metodología: Estudio cuasiexperimental antes/después en representantes de CCM (Universidades, Shoppings, Clubes sociales/deportivos Gimnasios, Consecionario Automotríz, Complejos residenciales y Supermercados). Se obtuvieron datos de universidades del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencias, de fuentes municipales y la Cámara de Comercio. Se capacitó entre 1-3 representantes/CCM mediante talleres teórico-práctico sobre RCP básico y uso correcto del DEA en PCEH con un cuestionario validado (alfa de Cronbach: 0,75). Se compararon datos con χ² y prueba t o U de Mann-Whitney (p-valor significativo =<0,05). Resultados: De 194 participantes, la edad meda fue; 29±5años; el 60,31% (117) del sexo masculino, 38,65%(70) representantes de shoppings, 60,82% (118) tenian formación universitaria, y el 45,36% (88) se desempeñaban en atención al cliente. El 59, 228% (115) no habia recibido capacitación en RCP anteriormente y el 86,08% (167) tampoco tenia entrenamiento en uso del DEA. Se pudo observar una diferencia estadisticamente significativa entre la puntaje antes y después, observandose una diferencia de 4,791 1,012 puntos (p=0,0001). Discusión: El programa de capacitación intensiva es efectivo para elevar el nivel de conocimiento y práctica en RCP básica y uso del DEA entre representantes legos de CCM.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and correct use of the automated external defibrillator (AED) allows the intervention of lay citizens in situations of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (EHPA). In Paraguay, Law No. 5,578/2016 establishes the mandatory use of the AED in mass attendance centers (CCM). Methodology: quasi-experimental before/after study in CCM representatives (Universities, shopping malls, Social/Sports Clubs, Gyms, Automotive Dealership, Residential Complexes and Supermarkets). Data were obtained from universities of the Ministry of Education and Sciences, municipal sources, and the Chamber of Commerce. Between 1-3 representatives/MCCs were trained through theoretical-practical workshops on basic CPR and correct use of the AED in HCWP with a validated questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha: 0.75). Data were compared with χ² and Mann-Whitney t-test or U test (p-significant value =<0.05). Results: Of 194 participants, the mean age was 29±5; 60.31% (117) were male, 38.65% (70) were shopping mall representatives, 60.82% (118) had a university education, and 45.36% (88) worked in customer service. 59.228% (115) had not previously received CPR training and 86.08% (167) had no AED training. A statistically significant difference was observed between the before and after score, with a difference of 4.791(1.012 points (p=0.0001). Discussion: The intensive training program is effective in raising the level of knowledge and practice in basic CPR and AED use among lay CCM representatives.

RESUMEN Esta reflexión emerge de un proyecto educativo orientado a mejorar algunos aspectos relacionados con el acceso y manejo del agua en tres barrios informales. El objetivo es reflexionar acerca de las nociones de territorio que se construyen en el contexto de proyectos educativos en comunidades que habitan barrios informales. El proyecto inició con la conformación de un grupo de participantes quienes realizaron la cartografía social de sus barrios para identificar aspectos críticos sobre agua y saneamiento. La validación de los mapas y los recorridos por cada sector aportaron elementos para los talleres relacionados con acceso, manejo, cuidado y derecho al agua, que posteriormente fueron multiplicados en cada comunidad. Este proceso permitió reconocer situaciones relacionadas con la negación del derecho al agua, el malestar, la tensión entre ilegalidad e informalidad, las maneras en que las comunidades resuelven sus necesidades y las relaciones que establecen con su territorio, en medio de grandes inequidades. En conclusión, existe una relación profunda entre salud y territorio, que se hace más evidente en comunidades en condiciones críticas. Los proyectos de educación para la salud requieren hacer un trabajo situado y establecer una mirada interdisciplinaria, que reconozca la complejidad e interdependencia de las dinámicas sociales y ambientales. informales saneamiento comunidad malestar informalidad inequidades conclusión críticas interdisciplinaria ambientales

ABSTRACT This reflection derives from an educational project focused on raising awareness about some aspects related to the access and management of water in three disadvantaged neighborhoods. The objective is to reflect on the notions of territory build in the context of educational projects in communities inhabiting disadvantaged neighborhoods. The project began with the formation of a group of participants who carried out social mapping of their neighborhoods to identify critical aspects of water and sanitation. Map validation and the paths followed in each sector provided the input to design the workshops, related to access, management, care and the right to water, which were subsequently multiplied in each community. This process allowed us to understand the situations derived from the denial of access to water, discomfort, and tension between illegality and informality as the modes people in these communities have chosen to address their needs, and the relationships they establish with their territory in the midst of huge inequalities. In conclusion, there is a deep relationship between health and territory which is blatant in communities that face critical life conditions. The projects on health education require situated work and to define an interdisciplinary perspective that acknowledges the complexity and interdependence of social and environmental dynamics. sanitation workshops community discomfort needs inequalities conclusion conditions dynamics

The inclusion of culturally and linguistically diverse learners in schools remains a global challenge and South African schools are no exception. The increasing number of national and international immigrants and refugees contributes to cultural and linguistic diversity (CLD) in classrooms. Teachers thus grapple with the inclusion of CLD learners. In this study we explored the perspectives of teachers on strategies that could enhance the inclusion of CLD learners in secondary schools. We contend that the inclusion of CLD learners has not been fully addressed in South African schools. A qualitative phenomenological design located within the interpretivism paradigm was used. We employed culturally responsive pedagogy as theoretical framework for the study. From a population of South African teachers in Gauteng, South Africa, 12 secondary school teachers were sampled through critical case sampling. Data were generated through interviews. Research findings identify the need for amendment of government policies, in-service training, and workshops for teachers, incorporating ethnically and culturally diverse content during instruction. Within this study, we extend awareness of the strategies that teachers in CLD classrooms can use to enhance inclusive education and propose further strategies that can also be considered in teaching in CLD classrooms. It is concluded that there is a great need to incorporate inclusive education in the higher education curriculum to capacitate pre-service teachers on the inclusion of learners - CLD learners included.

ABSTRACT This research addresses the conception of integrative evaluations in high school teacher training as a way to improve the evaluation process. The objective was defined to conceive alternatives that contribute to the implementation of integrative evaluation with a professional pedagogical approach that would contribute to the fulfillment of the general objective, the skills and the objectives declared in the Graduate Profile in the third and fourth years of the specialties Primary Education English Teacher and Basic Secondary Teacher English Specialty. To this end, a procedure was proposed for the design and implementation of integrative evaluations that are included in the new study plans of both specialties. The results obtained allowed us to update the conception of integrative evaluations for the training of English teachers for the 21st century in teacher training colleges. In addition, it was shown greater coherence between the subject programs and the professional workshops subject to integration. Therefore, three integrative evaluations were proposed to be applied in the third year and one for the fourth year, which require higher levels of performance, besides contributing to the pedagogical professional approach in the training of Primary and Basic Secondary teachers of English.

RESUMEN La presente investigación aborda la concepción de las evaluaciones integradoras en la formación docente de nivel Medio Superior como vía de perfeccionamiento del proceso evaluativo. Se definió como objetivo concebir alternativas que contribuyan a la implementación de la evaluación integradora con un enfoque profesional pedagógico para el cumplimiento de los planes de estudio de las especialidades Maestro de Inglés de Educación Primaria y Profesor de Secundaria Básica Especialidad Inglés. Se plantea un procedimiento para el diseño y la implementación de las evaluaciones integradoras que se incluyen en los nuevos planes de estudio de ambas especialidades. Los resultados obtenidos permiten actualizar la concepción de las evaluaciones integradoras para la formación de maestros y profesores de inglés para el siglo XXI en las escuelas pedagógicas; además se muestra una mayor coherencia entre los programas de las asignaturas y los talleres profesionales objeto de integración, y se proponen tres evaluaciones integradoras a aplicar en tercero y una para el cuarto año las que requieren de niveles de desempeño superior durante su formación como maestros o profesores de inglés.

Abstract School environmental clubs function as an interdisciplinary open classroom, facilitating the exchange of knowledge with different actors from the community and school. The goal of this project was to connect the knowledge of students from the Zonda Agrotechnical School (San Juan province, Argentina) with the community through the school environmental club, aiming to raise awareness about local socio-environmental issues. To achieve this, an active-participatory methodology was employed through various participation workshops. As a result, concrete proposals and actions for recycling and conservation of resources were obtained. Environmental education through socio-educational practices in school clubs promotes awareness among students and the community regarding environmental issues.

Resumo Os clubes ambientais escolares funcionam como uma sala de aula interdisciplinar aberta, permitindo a troca de conhecimentos com diferentes atores da sociedade e da escola. O objetivo deste trabalho foi vincular o conhecimento dos alunos da Escola Agrotécnica Zonda, província de San Juan, com a comunidade através do clube ambiental escolar, para conscientizar sobre os problemas socioambientais locais. Para isso, utilizou-se uma metodologia ativo-participativa por meio de diferentes oficinas de participação. Como resultado, foram obtidas propostas e ações concretas para reciclagem e conservação de recursos. A educação ambiental, por meio de práticas socioeducativas no âmbito dos clubes escolares, promove a conscientização dos alunos e da comunidade sobre os problemas ambientais.

Resumen Los clubes ambientales escolares funcionan como un aula abierta interdisciplinaria, permitiendo el intercambio de saberes con distintos actores de la sociedad y la escuela. La meta de este trabajo fue vincular el conocimiento de los alumnos de la Escuela Agrotécnica de Zonda, provincia de San Juan, con la comunidad a través del club ambiental escolar, para lograr concientización sobre las problemáticas socioambientales locales. Para ello, se utilizó una metodología activa-participativa mediante distintos talleres de participación. Como resultado se obtuvieron propuestas y acciones concretas de reciclaje y conservación de los recursos. La educación ambiental, a través de prácticas socioeducativas en el marco de clubes escolares, promueve la concientización de los alumnos y la comunidad sobre las problemáticas ambientales.