The metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) UiO-66-NH2, UiO-66-2,5-(OH)2, UiO-66-NO2, UiO-66-NDC, and UiO-66-BPDC were synthesized under solvothermal conditions using different functionalized organic linkers. The structures and properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The crystal structures of these functionalized UiO-66(Zr) forms were similar. A series of functionalized UiO-66(Zr) samples were used in the adsorption of carbon dioxide (CO2). UiO-66-NH2 had the highest CO2 adsorption capacity (about 3.35 mmol g-1) due to its small polar -NH2 group. The performance of UiO-66-NH2 in CO2 adsorption at different temperatures was also determined. The amino-functionalized material possessed better adsorption properties at 273 K than at 303 K, while the CO2 working capacity of UiO-66-NH2 was fully recovered after cyclic regeneration. metalorganic metal MOFs (MOFs UiO66NH2, UiO66NH2 UiONH UiO 66 NH2, NH2 NH UiO662,5OH2, UiO6625OH2 UiOOH 2,5 OH 2, 2 5 UiO-66-2,5-(OH)2 UiO66NO2, UiO66NO2 UiONO NO2, NO2 NO UiO-66-NO2 UiO66NDC, UiO66NDC UiONDC NDC, NDC UiO-66-NDC UiO66BPDC UiOBPDC BPDC linkers Xray X ray diffraction spectroscopy analysis microscopy adsorptiondesorption desorption isotherms UiO66Zr UiOZr Zr UiO-66(Zr similar CO2. CO . (CO2) UiO-66-NH about 335 3 35 3.3 g1 g 1 g-1 -NH group determined aminofunctionalized amino 27 30 regeneration UiO66NH 6 UiO662 5OH2 UiO662,5OH2 UiO6625OH 25 UiO-66-2,5-(OH) UiO66NO UiO-66-NO (CO2 33 3. g- UiO66 5OH UiO662,5OH UiO-66-2,5-(OH (CO UiO6

ABSTRACT The correct use of tyres on agricultural tractors, in respect of the terrain and the type and internal pressure of the tyre, are factors that influence the performance of the tractor. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the operating performance of an agricultural tractor fitted with two types of traction device (radial and diagonal tyres) at different pressures, and operating on soil with two levels of moisture. The experiment was conducted on a dystrophic Red Yellow Argisol, with tests to evaluate the performance of the tyres under specific working conditions. Tractive power and tractive force, wheel slip and fuel consumption were evaluated. For each of the conditions under evaluation, the radial configuration showed better performance than the diagonal configuration, the effect being more significant at the lower pressure and under low soil moisture. The use of radial tyres led to an increase in traction capacity and drawbar power, with a reduction in fuel consumption, especially at higher slip rates. tractors tyre pressures moisture Argisol force evaluated evaluation rates

RESUMEN En el marco de la presente investigación se analiza la relevancia del diálogo social en los establecimientos de privación de la libertad, así como del acceso de las personas privadas de libertad al derecho al trabajo, el cual incluye de manera evidente la oportunidad de desempeñar empleos remunerados. Con el propósito de precisar el diálogo social, resulta indispensable profundizar en las teorías que impulsan y fundamentan el trabajo, tales como las teorías económicas, políticas y sociales. Además, se requiere examinar detenidamente el reconocimiento del diálogo social en los instrumentos internacionales y comprender su alcance con relación a las personas privadas de su libertad que ejercen el derecho al trabajo, a través de una metodología cualitativa y teórica. En definitiva, el objetivo es explorar la participación democrática de las personas privadas de libertad, permitiéndoles acceder a condiciones laborales dignas que resultan fundamentales para lograr una efectiva reinserción en la sociedad. En este sentido, se reflexiona sobre los objetivos de la pena, se resalta la importancia fundamental del trabajo como elemento central para la reintegración social y la participación democrática de las personas privadas de libertad con la promoción del diálogo social para establecer políticas criminales como la creación de contratos de trabajo especiales que a su vez sean beneficiosos, tanto para las personas privadas de libertad como para la sociedad.

ABSTRACT Within the framework of this research, an analysis will be carried out on the relevance of social dialogue in prison establishments, as well as the access of people deprived of liberty to the right to work, which obviously includes the opportunity to perform paid jobs. To specify social dialogue, it is essential to delve deeper into the theories that drive and underpin the work, such as economic, political, and social theory. Furthermore, it is necessary to carefully examine the recognition of social dialogue in the International Instruments and understand its scope in relation to people deprived of their liberty who exercise the right to work, through a qualitative and theoretical methodology. Ultimately, the objective is to promote the democratic participation of people deprived of liberty, allowing them to access decent working conditions that are essential to achieve effective reintegration into society. In this sense, we reflect on the objectives of punishment and highlight the fundamental importance of work as a central element for the social reintegration and democratic participation of people deprived of liberty with the promotion of social dialogue to establish criminal policies that in turn, may be beneficial both for people deprived of liberty and for society.

RESUMEN Se entiende como calidad del trabajo intrínseco a variables como: el grado de autonomía, la variedad y complejidad de las tareas, el uso de habilidades y la posibilidad de desarrollo profesional en el trabajo. En tanto que, las perspectivas futuras abordan la percepción de los trabajadores sobre su futuro laboral, incluyendo aspectos como las oportunidades de progreso profesional, la seguridad en el empleo y la satisfacción laboral. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la importancia de las variables asociadas a la calidad intrínseca del trabajo y las perspectivas futuras en relación con el estrés experimentado por los trabajadores autónomos en Ecuador. Se aplicó un enfoque cuantitativo mediante regresión logística a datos de una muestra de 1055 trabajadores de la provincia de Manabí, utilizando la Encuesta Europea sobre Condiciones de Trabajo (EWCS) 2015. Se encontró que una evaluación positiva del trabajo propio está asociada con mayor estrés, mientras resolver problemas imprevistos personalmente se relaciona con menos estrés. Además, realizar tareas complejas y ofrecer formación pagada externa o en el lugar de trabajo aumenta la probabilidad de estrés. Por otro lado, menor satisfacción en el trabajo, disfrutar ser el propio jefe, dificultades para manejar el negocio, facilidad para encontrar nuevos clientes y la percepción de que el trabajo afecta la salud también están vinculados con mayor estrés. Estos hallazgos destacan la importancia de gestionar el trabajo y el entorno laboral para mejorar el bienestar de los trabajadores autónomos.

ABSTRACT Intrinsic job quality is understood in terms of variables such as: the degree of autonomy, the variety and complexity of tasks, the use of skills, and the possibility of professional development at work. Meanwhile, future prospects address workers' perceptions of their career future, including aspects such as opportunities for professional advancement, job security, and job satisfaction. This research aims to analyze the importance of variables associated with intrinsic job quality and future prospects in relation to the stress experienced by self-employed workers in Ecuador. A quantitative approach was applied using logistic regression to data from a sample of 1055 workers in the province of Manabí, utilizing the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS). It was found that a positive assessment of one's own work is associated with higher stress, while personally resolving unforeseen problems is related to lower stress. Additionally, performing complex tasks and providing paid external or on-the-job training increases the likelihood of stress. On the other hand, lower job satisfaction, enjoying being one's own boss, difficulties in managing the business, ease in finding new clients, and the perception that work affects health are also linked to higher stress. These findings underscore the importance of managing work and the work environment to improve the well-being of self-employed workers.

Resumen: Las tareas ilegítimas se definen como las asignaciones que los empleados consideran injustas e innecesarias, las cuales pueden causar estrés laboral y afectar la identidad laboral, lo que aumenta los niveles de burnout, especialmente en organizaciones complejas. El presente estudio plantea que la identidad laboral ejerce un rol mediador en la relación entre las tareas ilegítimas y el burnout, por lo que, a mayor percepción de tareas ilegítimas, el empleado reportará menores niveles de identidad laboral y mayores niveles de burnout. Para evaluar esta relación, un grupo de 135 trabajadores de una institución educativa chilena contestó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y los instrumentos Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale (BITS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS) y Workplace Identity Scale (WIS). El estudio tiene un diseño longitudinal y los datos se obtuvieron en dos momentos (T1 y T2), separados entre sí por seis semanas. En primer lugar, se realizaron análisis considerando solo T1 y posteriormente se realizaron análisis considerando ambos tiempos de medición (T1 y T2). Los resultados revelaron que las tareas ilegítimas tienen un efecto directo sobre el burnout, mayor que el efecto mediado por la identidad laboral, y que las tareas ilegítimas tendrían un efecto significativo directo sobre el burnout, pero no sobre el burnout reportado seis semanas después. Las tareas ilegítimas tienen un impacto directo en el agotamiento laboral y la identidad laboral actúa como un factor mediador en esta relación. Es esencial que, dentro del ámbito organizacional, se reconozca la relevancia de estas variables. Optimizar las condiciones de trabajo y reforzar la identidad laboral no solo beneficia a los empleados, sino que también a las organizaciones.

Abstract: Illegitimate tasks are defined as tasks that employees perceive as unfair and unnecessary, which can cause work stress and affect work identity. These, in turn, increase burnout, especially in complex organizations. The present study suggests that work identity plays a mediating role in the association between illegitimate tasks and burnout, whereby the higher the perception of illegitimate tasks, the lower the employee's work identity and the higher the level of burnout. To assess this relationship, a group of 135 employees from a Chilean educational institution completed a series of questionnaires to assess each of the variables, including the BERN Illegitimate Tasks Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Workplace Identity Scale. The study used a longitudinal design, with data collected at two-time points (T1 and T2), with a six-week interval between them. Initially, analyses were conducted using data from T1 alone, and subsequently, analyses were performed using data from both time points (T1 and T2). Results indicate that illegitimate tasks have a greater direct effect on burnout than the effect mediated by work identity and that illegitimate tasks have a significant direct effect on burnout but not on reported burnout six weeks later. Illegitimate tasks have a direct effect on burnout, and work identity acts as a mediator in this relationship. The relevance of these variables must be recognized in organizational settings. Optimizing working conditions and strengthening work identity will benefit not only employees but also the organization.

Resumo: As tarefas ilegítimas são definidas como atribuições que os empregados consideram injustas e desnecessárias, as quais podem causar estresse laboral e afetar a identidade laboral, aumentando, por sua vez, os níveis de burnout, especialmente em organizações complexas. O presente estudo propõe que a identidade laboral desempenha um papel mediador na relação entre as tarefas ilegítimas e o burnout; portanto, quanto maior a percepção de tarefas ilegítimas, o empregado reportará menores níveis de identidade laboral e maiores níveis de burnout. Para avaliar essa relação, um grupo de 135 trabalhadores de uma instituição educacional chilena respondeu a um questionário sociodemográfico e aos instrumentos Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale BITS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS), e Workplace Identity Scale (WIS). O estudo empregou um design longitudinal, com coletas de dados realizadas em dois momentos (T1 e T2), com um intervalo de seis semanas entre eles. Em primeiro lugar, foram realizadas análises considerando apenas os dados de T1 e, posteriormente, análises que incluíram ambos os períodos de medição (T1 e T2). Os resultados revelaram que as tarefas ilegítimas têm um efeito direto sobre o burnout maior do que o efeito mediado pela identidade laboral e que as tarefas ilegítimas teriam um efeito significativo direto sobre o burnout, mas não sobre o burnout reportado seis semanas depois. As tarefas ilegítimas têm um impacto direto no esgotamento laboral e a identidade laboral atua como um fator mediador nesta relação. É essencial que, dentro do âmbito organizacional, se reconheça a relevância destas variáveis. Otimizar as condições de trabalho e reforçar a identidade laboral não só beneficia aos empregados, mas também as organizações

Abstract. This work analyzes the labor conditions of merchants in two public markets in Mexico City. It argues that, within the context of current neoliberal policies aimed at the economic renewal of public markets in Mexico City, the socio-labor conditions of public market merchants have been disrupted in the name of urban landscape development. From an anthropological perspective and using a qualitative methodology, some findings indicate that the socio-labor situation of merchants shows gaps and increased social vulnerability concerning social protection. Additionally, there is a noted stagnation in labor precariousness and a misalignment of merchants within governance policies.

Resumen. En este trabajo se analizan las condiciones laborales de los comerciantes de dos mercados públicos en la Ciudad de México. Se argumenta que, en el contexto de las actuales políticas neoliberales encaminadas a la renovación económica de los mercados públicos en la Ciudad de México, las condiciones sociolaborales de los comerciantes/locatarios de mercados públicos se han visto trastocadas en aras del desarrollo del paisaje urbano. Desde una perspectiva antropológica y bajo una metodología cualitativa, algunos hallazgos refieren que la situación sociolaboral de los comerciantes presenta vacíos y mayor vulnerabilidad social en cuanto a protección social. También se refiere un estancamiento de la precarización laboral y un desenfoque de los comerciantes en las políticas de gobernanza.

Abstract Education today is evolving rapidly derived from various causes such as the confinement by COVID-19, national political changes, among others, this means that a diversity of emotions is presented within the classroom, so it is important to identify the emotions that are generated inside the classroom and how these influence the teaching and learning process of the student at a higher level. This research work aims to analyze the emotions present in the teacher and how they influence the teaching-learning process. To achieve the stated objective, the investigation was approached with the analysis of six basic emotions: anger, sadness, joy, fear, surprise, aversion, making a quantitative and continuous dependent variable measurement from the application of a questionnaire composed of 16 items to 146 fourth semester students of the Biotechnology Interdisciplinary Professional Unit. The results obtained show different emotional states present in the teacher, there being an influence that affects the teaching-learning process of the students derived from the activation of a chain of events present in the students and in the classroom environment, resulting in alert states. anxiety and disorganization manifesting in poor academic performance, this opens lines of research in which the student's working conditions can be modified as well as suggesting a series of emotional management courses for teachers in order to lead to harmonious learning environments.

Resumen En la actualidad, la educación ha evolucionado rápidamente como resultado de diversas causas, como el confinamiento debido al covid-19, los cambios políticos nacionales, entre otros. Esto significa que hay una diversidad de emociones presentes dentro de las aulas, por lo que el objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificarlas y determinar cómo influyen en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, específicamente en el nivel superior. Para ello, se analizaron seis emociones básicas: ira, tristeza, alegría, miedo, sorpresa y aversión, lo cual se efectuó mediante una medición cuantitativa y continua de variables dependientes a partir de la aplicación de un cuestionario compuesto por 16 ítems a 146 estudiantes de primer semestre de la Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología. Los resultados muestran distintos estados emocionales presentes en los docentes que influyen en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los estudiantes, lo cual desencadena una serie de eventos en los alumnos y en el ambiente del aula. Esto se manifiesta en estados de alerta, ansiedad y desorganización, los cuales se reflejan en un bajo rendimiento académico. Estos hallazgos abren líneas de investigación para modificar las condiciones de trabajo de los alumnos y sugieren la implementación de cursos de manejo emocional para los docentes con el fin de promover ambientes de aprendizaje más armónicos.

Resumo Atualmente, a educação tem evoluído rapidamente como resultado de diversas causas, como o confinamento devido à covid-19, mudanças políticas nacionais, entre outras. Isto significa que existe uma diversidade de emoções presentes nas salas de aula, pelo que o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificá-las e determinar como influenciam o processo de ensino e aprendizagem, especificamente ao nível superior. Para isso foram analisadas seis emoções básicas: raiva, tristeza, alegria, medo, surpresa e aversão, o que foi realizado por meio de uma mensuração quantitativa e contínua de variáveis dependentes a partir da aplicação de um questionário composto por 16 itens a 146 alunos do quarto ano. semestre da Unidade Profissional Interdisciplinar de Biotecnologia. Os resultados mostram diferentes estados emocionais presentes nos professores que influenciam o processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos, o que desencadeia uma série de acontecimentos nos alunos e no ambiente de sala de aula. Isto se manifesta em estados de alerta, ansiedade e desorganização, que se refletem no mau desempenho acadêmico. Essas descobertas abrem linhas de pesquisa para modificar as condições de trabalho dos alunos e sugerem a implementação de cursos de gestão emocional para professores, a fim de promover ambientes de aprendizagem mais harmoniosos.

ABSTRACT Amikacin is the aminoglycoside with the broadest antibacterial spectrum. It was a product transferred to the Aica Laboratories Company, developing a small volume injection solution. The objective of the work was to validate the formulation process of the injection amikacin 500 mg. Three consecutive industrial batches were evaluated. The operating parameters, the operation qualification and performance were verified. Before and after the filtration process, the organoleptic characteristics, pH and assay were evaluated. The shelf life stability of the three batches was evaluated for 24 months. The working pressures and stirring speed met the established criteria, demonstrating the operation reproducibility. The verification of the weighing of each component of the injection and the integrity test of the filter media, in the three batches, demonstrated compliance with established specifications in the manufacturing process. Adherence with the quality specifications set for the product was evidenced, before and after filtration. The validated status of the manufacturing process of the injectable amikacin sulphate is demonstrated according to the existing conditions in the Aica Laboratories Company. The industrial batches of the selected formulation were physically, chemically and microbiologically stable for 24 months, stored at 30 ºC ± 2 ºC and 70 ± 5 % of relative humidity.

RESUMEN La amikacina es el aminoglucósido de mayor espectro antibacteriano. Fue un producto transferido hacia la Empresa Laboratorios aica+, desarrollándose una solución parenteral de pequeño volumen. El objetivo del trabajo fue validar el proceso de formulación del inyectable amikacina 500 mg. Para ello se utilizaron tres lotes industriales consecutivos del inyectable. Se verificaron los parámetros de operación, la calificación de la operación y el desempeño. Los parámetros evaluados incluyeron las características organolépticas, pH y valoración, antes y después del proceso de filtración. Se evaluó la estabilidad de vida de estante durante 24 meses de los tres lotes. Se comprobó que las presiones de trabajo y la velocidad de agitación cumplieron con los criterios establecidos, demostrando la reproducibilidad de la operación. La comprobación de la pesada de todos los componentes del inyectable, demostró el cumplimiento de lo establecido, así como la prueba de integridad de los medios filtrantes empleados en el proceso de fabricación. Se evidenció el cumplimiento de las especificaciones de calidad establecidas para el producto, antes y después de la filtración. Se demuestra el estado validado del proceso de fabricación del inyectable de sulfato de amikacina, según las condiciones existentes en la Planta de Producción de Bulbos de la UEB Aica+. Los lotes industriales de la formulación seleccionada resultaron estables física, química y microbiológicamente durante 24 meses, almacenados a 30 ± 2 ºC y 70 ± 5 % de humedad relativa.

ABSTRACT In relation to gender policies, the National Constitution of 1992 in Paraguay mandates to guarantee equal rights and non-discrimination, explicitly establishing the equality of people, equal rights between women and men and non-discrimination, providing that the State must promote the conditions and create the appropriate mechanisms. The University of the Southern Cone of the Americas (UCSA), is part of the Global Compact for Sustainable Development in Paraguay, and actively works to train students in SDGs so that they constitute a critical mass aware of the importance of working in a socially responsible manner towards sustainable development, for this reason this study was carried out to determine the perception of UCSA students and teachers on gender equality and discrimination in Paraguay in 2022. In the analysis of the results of the study, of the 116 participants, 55.3% were female; between the ages of 17 and 65; 81% were working. In the responses to the type of work, 76.4% corresponded to the private sector, and of these 36.8% were of family origin. The results associated with the female stereotype observed in the present study are: sensitive, weak, intuitive, dependent, adaptable, strong, expressive, fragile, with self-control and accommodating. The gender stereotypes with the highest scores referring to men observed in the present study are: those that consider people as providers, dominant, independent, frivolous and fearless. However, traditional male gender stereotypes, such as strong, self-controlled, intelligent and rational person, have been found referring to women in the present study. In order to overcome inequality and discrimination between men and women, which persist to this day, despite what is stated in the National Constitution itself, in Laws, National and International Congresses. It is necessary to carry out studies on the subject at the different levels of education and establish educational programs. Only education will be able to reverse this problem in less time, and not wait 50 years for changes to occur, as some scholars prophesy, achieving changes. in the social and economic development of the country in the shortest possible time.

RESUMEN En relación a las políticas de género, la Constitución Nacional del año 1992 en Paraguay, manda garantizar la igualdad de derechos y la no discriminación, estableciendo explícitamente la igualdad de las personas, la igualdad de derecho entre mujeres y hombres y la no discriminación, disponiendo que el Estado debe promover las condiciones y crear los mecanismos adecuados. La Universidad del Cono Sur de las Américas (UCSA), es parte del Pacto Global por el Desarrollo Sostenible en el Paraguay, y trabaja en forma activa en formar a estudiantes en ODS para que constituyan una masa crítica consciente de la importancia de trabajar de manera socialmente responsable en pos del desarrollo sostenible, por dicho motivo se llevó a cabo este estudio para determinar la percepción de los estudiantes y docentes de UCSA sobre la igualdad de género y la discriminación en Paraguay en el año 2022. En el análisis de los resultados del estudio, de los 116 participantes, el 55,3% fueron del sexo femenino; con edades comprendidas entre 17 y 65 años; el 81% estaba trabajando. En las respuestas del tipo de trabajo, el 76,4% correspondía al área privada, y de estos el 36,8% de origen familiar. Los resultados asociados al estereotipo femenino observados en el presente estudio son: persona sensible, débil, intuitiva, dependiente, adaptable, fuerte, expresiva, frágil, con autocontrol y complaciente. Los estereotipos de género con mayor puntaje referidos a los hombres observados en el presente estudio son: las que consideran a las personas como proveedora, dominante, independiente, frívola e intrépida. Sin embargo, los estereotipos de género masculino tradicionales, como persona fuerte, con autocontrol, inteligente y racional, se han encontrado referidos a las mujeres en el presente estudio. A fin de superar la desigualdad y la discriminación entre hombres y mujeres, que persisten hasta hoy día, a pesar de lo estampado en la misma Constitución Nacional, en Leyes, Congresos Nacionales e Internacionales. Es necesario realizar estudios referidos al tema, en los distintos niveles de la educación y establecer programas educativos, solo la educación podrá revertir en menor tiempo esta problemática, y no esperar 50 años para que se produzcan cambios, como lo profetizan algunos estudiosos, logrando cambios en el desarrollo social y económico del país en el menor tiempo posible.

Abstract Paid domestic work employs many women in developing countries. Paraguay, where 94 percent of domestic workers are women and over 90 percent of these jobs are informal, represents an extreme case of a common problem worldwide. These workers lack access to social security and generally endure precarious working conditions. What are the different legal, institutional, social, and gender barriers preventing domestic workers from having greater access to social security? Drawing on various data sources from Paraguay, including the voices of both domestic workers and their employers, this study demonstrates how persistently low levels of social security coverage in this sector result from a complex of intertwined factors: discriminatory cultural and gender beliefs, lack of information and accurate knowledge about social security, low bargaining power of informal domestic workers, and weak labor inspection capacity prevailing in the sector. Based on these observations, the conclusions establish guidelines for designing integrated public policies for the formalization of the sector.

Resumen El trabajo doméstico remunerado emplea a muchas mujeres en los países en vías de desarrollo. Paraguay, donde el 94% del trabajo doméstico es realizado por mujeres y más del 90% de estos empleos son informales, representa un caso extremo de un problema común en todo el mundo. Estas trabajadoras carecen de acceso a la seguridad social y generalmente soportan condiciones laborales precarias. ¿Cuáles son las diferentes barreras legales, institucionales, sociales y de género que impiden que las trabajadoras domésticas tengan un mayor acceso a la seguridad social? Basándose en diferentes fuentes de datos de Paraguay, incluidas las voces tanto de las trabajadoras domésticas como de sus empleadores, este estudio muestra cómo los niveles persistentemente bajos de cobertura de seguridad social en este sector son producto de un conjunto de factores entrelazados: creencias culturales y de género discriminatorias, falta de información y conocimientos precisos sobre seguridad social, el bajo poder de negociación de las trabajadoras domésticas informales y la baja capacidad de inspección laboral que prevalecen en el sector. A partir de estas observaciones, las conclusiones establecen lineamientos para diseñar políticas públicas integradas para la formalización del sector.

Wheel loaders are widely used in many sectors due to their mobility, operational flexibility, and low costs. The literature is mainly focused on improving the hydraulic, mechanical, and electronic subsystems of these machines in terms of efficiency or developing strategies for controlling these systems. In this study, the effects of the loader operator and different working conditions on the loading performance were investigated. The study was carried out at the Can Lignite Enterprise (CLI), which is a major coal producer in Turkey. In the study, which lasted approximately four months, a total of 808 measurements were performed to investigate seven different scenarios. The effect of a single parameter on loading performance was investigated in the first six scenarios. The results showed that the biggest impact on loading performance was caused by the operator's experience with 63.4%. On the other hand, the worst and most ideal working conditions determined from the first six scenarios were tested in the seventh scenario. It was tested as a script. The test results showed that the loading performance was 285.5% more effective under the most ideal operating conditions compared to the worst operating conditions. In addition, in the study, the loading performances of five loaders with four different capacities were examined in terms of energy efficiency and it was determined that the Kawasaki 115 work machine, which has a higher model and lower engine operating hours, was more advantageous. In the study, various suggestions were developed in parallel with the research results. The most prominent and easiest to implement of these suggestions is related to the selection of the loader operator.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the new forms of labor subordination experienced by domestic Workers operating through apps and digital platform companies. Given the contexto of intensified datafication and financialization of everyday life and neoliberal hegemony, there is a need to undertand how the socio-sexual Division of labor functions in this scenario. With the rise of the platformization of labor and the intensification of uberization, new forms of control, management, and subordination of labor are being employed, exacerbating the precariousness and informalization of workers. In the contexto of platformization of domestic work, domestic Workers, who already faced a precarious and undervalued work reality, are now doubly subordinated: by the client and by the platform company. The research began with a bibliographic and documentar review of the Terms of Use of platform companies and is currently using na active online questionnaire to profile the women working through these platforms. Initial data frm the questionnaire may suggest some hypotheses, such as changes in the profile of workers who are domestic workers through apps in terms of age and race, and that the characteristics of informalization and precariousness of domestic work are manifesting in the contexto of labor platformization.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as novas formas de subordinação de trabalho de diaristas que atuam por meio de aplicativos e empresas-plataformas digitais. Considerando a conjuntura de intensificação da dataficação e financeirização da vida cotidiana e da hegemonia neoliberal, há a necessidade de compreender como a divisão sociossexual do trabalho se comporta neste cenário. Com a ascensão do fenômeno da plataformização do trabalho e a intensificação da uberização, novas formas de controle, gerenciamento e subordinação do trabalho estão sendo utilizadas, acentuando a precarização e informalização dos trabalhadores. No contexto de plataformização do trabalho doméstico, as diaristas, que já enfrentavam uma realidade precarizada e desvalorizada de trabalho, agora se encontram duplamente subordinadas: pelo cliente e pela empresaplataforma. A pesquisa, então, se iniciou com uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental pelos Termos de Uso das empresas-plataformas e atualmente está com um questionário online ativo afim de conseguir traçar o perfil das mulheres que trabalham por meio das plataformas. Os dados iniciais retirados do questionário podem indicar algumas hipóteses, como a mudança de perfil das trabalhadoras que atuam como diaristas por meio dos aplicativos em relação à idade e raça, e que as características de informalização e precariedade do trabalho doméstico vêm se manifestando em um contexto de plataformização do trabalho.

Frente a um cenário de aumento dos adoecimentos mentais relacionados ao trabalho, torna-se cada vez mais popular a expressão “riscos psicossociais no trabalho” para se referir a aspectos no trabalho que devem ser observados na preservação da saúde mental dos trabalhadores. Institutos de pesquisa públicos governamentais estabelecem definições sobre o que são estes riscos psicossociais e seus impactos na saúde e se tornam referência para a atuação em seus países. No entanto, constata-se nelas uma mistura entre os fatores causadores de violências, e os danos e agravos à saúde propriamente ditos. A partir dos estudos sobre saúde mental e trabalho presentes na literatura científica recente, destacamos na discussão do que são os riscos psicossociais, duas questões centrais não podem faltar: a organização do trabalho e seu impacto na subjetividade do trabalhador e as relações sociais que estruturam a sociedade e também estão presentes no cotidiano do trabalho, marcando e diferenciando socialmente trabalhadores e trabalhadoras, influenciando a distribuição de poder e de melhores e piores condições de trabalho conforme raça, classe social, gênero, capacidades, entre outras formas de separação e identificação de coletivos humanos.

We are facing a crisis of an increasing work-related mental illnesses, which makes the expression “psychosocial risks at work” increasingly popular to refer to aspects at work that must be observed to preserve workers' mental health. Public government research institutes establish definitions of what these psychosocial risks are and their impacts on health and become references for action in their countries. However, there is a mix between the factors that cause violence and the damage and health problems themselves. Based on studies on mental health and work present in recent scientific literature, we highlight two central issues cannot be missed: the organization of work and its impact on the worker's subjectivity and the social relations that structure the society marking and socially differentiating male and female workers, influencing the distribution of power and better and worse working conditions according to race, social class, gender, capabilities, among other forms of separation and identification of collectives humans.

Ante un escenario de aumento de las enfermedades mentales relacionadas con el trabajo, la expresión “riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo” se está volviendo cada vez más popular para referirse a aspectos en el trabajo que deben ser observados para preservar la salud mental de los trabajadores. Los institutos de investigación de los gobiernos públicos establecen definiciones acerca de cuáles son estos riesgos psicosociales y sus impactos en la salud y se convierten en referentes para la acción en sus países. Sin embargo, existe una mezcla entre los factores que causan la violencia y los daños y problemas de salud mismos. Con base en estudios sobre salud mental y trabajo presentes en la literatura científica reciente, resaltamos en la discusión acerca de qué son los riesgos psicosociales, no pueden faltar dos temas centrales: la organización del trabajo y su impacto en la subjetividad del trabajador y que las relaciones sociales que estructuran la sociedad también están presentes en el trabajo cotidiano, marcando y diferenciando socialmente a trabajadores y trabajadoras, influyendo en la distribución del poder y en las mejores y peores condiciones laborales según raza, clase social, género, capacidades, entre otras formas de separación e identificación de colectivos humanos.

Resumen Introducción. La calidad del aire es un asunto de interés para la salud pública por su rápido deterioro en los países de bajos y medianos ingresos, y los efectos del aire contaminado en la salud de las poblaciones. Objetivo. Explorar las condiciones de la calidad del aire en las que los repartidores de plataformas digitales desarrollaron su trabajo en las localidades de Kennedy y Usaquén de Bogotá durante el 2021. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio mixto, paralelo y convergente, basado en cuatro fuentes de información: 1) observación etnográfica en cinco ubicaciones comerciales de las dos localidades; 2) monitoreo de PM10 y PM2.5 en 56 rutas de reparto, empleando un equipo de bajo costo; 3) bitácoras diarias de los recorridos que apoyaron la interpretación de los datos del equipo, y 4) entrevista semiestructurada con el rutero para explorar sus percepciones frente a los peligros durante los recorridos. Resultados. Se identificaron diferencias en las condiciones de trabajo, las percepciones y las exposiciones a material particulado de los repartidores entre las dos localidades de estudio que constituyeron fuentes de injusticia ambiental. Los recorridos que realizaron los repartidores en la localidad de Kennedy registraron mayores concentraciones de PM10 y PM2.5. Las fuentes de contaminación atmosférica identificadas por los repartidores mostraron los peores parámetros en Kennedy. Conclusiones. Se evidenció que la calidad del aire, el equipamiento urbano, la infraestructura vial, las fuentes móviles y la ubicación geoespacial son elementos que marcan la presencia de injusticia ambiental para los repartidores. Para disminuir esta inequidad, es necesario que las plataformas de reparto digital y el gobierno distrital implementen estrategias que reduzcan la exposición y la emisión de contaminantes del aire con el fin de proteger la salud de los repartidores de plataformas.

Abstract Introduction. Air quality is a matter of interest for public health due to its rapid deterioration in low- and middle-income countries and the effects of polluted air on the health of populations. Objective. To explore the air quality conditions in which digital platform delivery workers carry out their work, evaluating the localities of Kennedy and Usaquén in Bogotá, 2021. Materials and methods. We developed a mixed parallel convergent study based on four sources of information: 1) Ethnographic observation in five commercial locations of the two localities; 2) Monitoring of PM10 and PM2.5 in 56 delivery routes using a low-cost sensor; 3) Daily logs of the routes to support the device data interpretation, and 4) A semi-structured interview applied to the drivers to explore their danger perception during the routes. Results. We identified elements causing environmental injustice among digital platform delivery workers between the two study locations. The routes made by the delivery drivers in the locality of Kennedy registered higher concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5, compared to the values observed in Usaquén. The sources of air pollution identified by the delivery drivers through ethnographic observation and the router logbook showed the worst parameters in Kennedy. Conclusions. We evidenced that air quality, urban equipment, road infrastructure, mobile sources, and geospatial location are elements that mark the presence of environmental injustice for the digital platform delivery drivers in the studied localities. To reduce this inequity, it is necessary for digital delivery platforms and the district government to implement strategies that reduce the exposure and emission of air pollutants to protect the health of digital platform delivery workers.

Abstract: This research analyzes the professional development of elementary school teachers in the light of two main points of reference: their professional career paths and their participation in performance assessment programs. In this qualitative study, by means of two tools from the biographical method (life stories and biograms), the authors retrace the professional paths of six Mexican elementary school teachers who took part in different performance assessment programs. They conclude that the career paths reveal a continuous search for better working conditions and that, even with the potential of the evaluations, the results show their partial and inconsistent use in the teachers’ careers. In the light of the analyzed career paths, performance assessment programs in Mexico only promote professional development to a limited extent and focus on individual performance.

Resumen: Esta investigación analiza el desarrollo profesional de docentes de primaria, a la luz de dos referentes: sus trayectorias profesionales y sus participaciones en programas de evaluación del desempeño. En este estudio cualitativo, mediante dos herramientas del enfoque biográfico (relatos de vida y biogramas), se reconstruyen trayectorias profesionales de seis docentes mexicanas(os) de primaria que participaron en diferentes programas de evaluación del desempeño. Se concluye que en las trayectorias profesionales se vislumbra la búsqueda permanente de mejores condiciones laborales y que, aun con el potencial de las evaluaciones, los resultados dan cuenta de su aprovechamiento parcial e inconsistente en la carrera del profesorado. A la luz de las trayectorias, los programas de evaluación del desempeño en México promueven de forma limitada el desarrollo profesional y se centran en el rendimiento individual.