RESUMEN Paraguay ha aumentado la inversión en educación en la última década por medio del Fondo Nacional de Inversión Pública y Desarrollo (FONACIDE) cuya finalidad consiste en abordar las carencias que afectan a la educación paraguaya. Entonces, considerando la creciente preocupación por la gestión de los recursos públicos dada la escasa infraestructura y el deficiente servicio del almuerzo escolar, en este trabajo se pretende analizar la eficiencia de la gestión de los gastos públicos en educación del FONACIDE de los departamentos de Paraguay durante el período 2015 a 2017, a través de la aplicación de la técnica Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) con análisis de ventana y retornos variables de escala con orientación producto. La técnica DEA con análisis de ventana consiste en medir el nivel de eficiencia de varias Decision Making Units (DMUs) en diferentes períodos de tiempo basado en el principio de promedios móviles. Los resultados muestran que la ineficiencia técnica pura media nacional es del 11,04%, por tanto, los departamentos en general podrían mejorar sus indicadores educativos utilizando los mismos niveles de financiamiento. Además, el mayor acceso a recursos no está vinculado a mejores rendimientos educativos. Por tanto, para potenciar el rendimiento educativo es necesario establecer otros criterios de redistribución presupuestaria del FONACIDE, considerando la necesidad de infraestructura y número de alumnos matriculados por departamento.

ABSTRACT Paraguay has increased investment in education over the past decade through the National Fund for Public Investment and Development (FONACIDE), whose goal is to address the deficiencies affecting Paraguayan education. Considering the growing concern over the management of public resources given the inadequate infrastructure and poor school lunch service, this paper aims to analyze the efficiency of public spending management in education by FONACIDE in the departments of Paraguay during the period 2015 to 2017. This is achieved through the application of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique with window analysis and variable returns to scale with product orientation. The DEA technique with window analysis measures the efficiency level of several Decision-Making Units (DMUs) over different periods based on the moving averages principle. The results show that the average national pure technical inefficiency is 11.04%, meaning that the departments, in general, could improve their educational indicators using the same funding levels. Additionally, greater access to resources is not linked to better educational outcomes. Therefore, to enhance educational performance, it is necessary to establish other budget redistribution criteria for FONACIDE, considering the need for infrastructure and the number of enrolled students per department

Abstract The “public policy for the full guarantee of the rights of LGBT people”and on gender identities and sexual orientations in the Capital District has been implemented for almost 12 years. After its formalization, it has been implemented during the four district administrations that have governed. During this period, it has materialized through programs that have had the general objective of “guaranteeing the full exercise of the rights of people from the LGBT sectors as part of the production, social management and collective well-being of the city” (Concejo de Bogotá, 2009, p. 2); through four strategic processes: i) institutional strengthening at the district and local levels; ii) co-responsibility in the exercise of rights; iii) communication and education for cultural change; and iv) the production and application of knowledge (Acuerdo 371, 2009). This document analyzes the factors that led to its adoption in Bogotá, presents some of its main achievements, and offers recommendations for its strengthening. For the analysis, the application of the multiple currents approach is used as the main theoretical model. This approach focuses on understanding the political dynamics and processes that, at different levels and occurring independently and in parallel, have managed to come together at a specific moment (window of opportunity) to position politics as a viable institutional alternative based on the action of some political entrepreneurs (Zahariadis, 2010). In order to take stock of joint actions and to take into account how cultural and collective imaginaries about the community have affected their impact, the analysis is complemented by the framework of promoting coalitions (Sabatier y Weible, 2010) and the social construction framework and policy design (Ingram et al. 2010).

Resumen La “política pública para la garantía plena de los derechos de las personas LGBT” y sobre identidades de género y orientaciones sexuales en el Distrito Capital lleva casi 12 años en implementación. Después de su formalización, ha sido implementada durante las cuatro administraciones distritales que han gobernado desde entonces. Durante este periodo, se ha materializado a través de programas que han tenido por objetivo general “garantizar el ejercicio pleno de derechos de las personas de los sectores LGBT como parte de la producción, gestión social y bienestar colectivo de la ciudad”(Concejo de Bogotá, 2009, p. 2); esto, por medio del desarrollo de cuatro procesos estratégicos: i) el fortalecimiento institucional en los niveles distritales y locales; ii) la corresponsabilidad en el ejercicio de derechos; iii) la comunicación y educación para el cambio cultural; y iv) la producción y aplicación de conocimientos y saberes (Acuerdo 371, 2009). Este documento analiza los factores que llevaron a su adopción en Bogotá, presenta algunos de sus principales logros y ofrece recomendaciones para su fortalecimiento. Para el análisis se recurre a la aplicación del enfoque de las corrientes múltiples como modelo teórico principal; este enfoque se concentra en entender las dinámicas y procesos políticos que, en distintos niveles y ocurriendo de manera independiente y paralela, han logrado confluir en un momento específico (ventana de oportunidad) para posicionar a la política como una alternativa institucional viable a partir de la acción de unos emprendedores de política (Zahariadis, 2010). Con el fin de hacer un balance sobre las acciones conjuntas y para tener en cuenta cómo los imaginarios culturales y colectivos sobre la comunidad han afectado su incidencia, el análisis se complementa con el marco de las coaliciones promotoras (Sabatier y Weible, 2010) y el marco de la construcción social y diseño de políticas (Ingram et al., 2010).

L'article réfléchit sur la fonction du fantasme dans la psychanalyse à partir du contact de Lacan avec l'œuvre de l'artiste René Magritte, et plus particulièrement avec le tableau « La condition humaine » (1933). Il analyse certains aspects du fonctionnement fantasmatique comme réalité du sujet et, surtout, comme « condition humaine » liée à l'évitement du contact avec « la fenêtre du réel », en relation avec le manque d'objet ultime pour la satisfaction des pulsions, avec l'inconsistance de l'Autre et avec l'impuissance fondamentale. À cette fin, on examine les dilemmes de la relation subjective avec l'objet a et das Ding, en étudiant le fonctionnement ambigu du fantasme et sa compréhension possible en tant qu'œuvre d'art destinée à l'usage interne du sujet. Enfin, on propose une résonance entre la compréhension de l'art dans l'œuvre de Magritte et l'orientation de la cure telle que proposée par Lacan. Larticle L article lœuvre l œuvre lartiste artiste 1933. 1933 . (1933) surtout lévitement évitement dobjet d objet pulsions linconsistance inconsistance lAutre Autre limpuissance impuissance fondamentale fin lobjet Ding quœuvre qu dart art lusage usage Enfin lart lorientation orientation 193 (1933 19 (193 1 (19 (1 (

Este artículo pretende incitar a la reflexion sobre la función de la fantasía en el psicoanálisis desde el contacto de Lacan con la obra del artista René Magritte, más específicamente el cuadro "La condition humaine" (1933). Analiza algunos aspectos del funcionamiento de la fantasía como realidad del sujeto, sobre todo, como "condición humana" ligada a una evitación del contacto con "la ventana a lo real", con relación a la falta de objeto último para la satisfacción pulsional, con la inconsistencia del Otro y con el desamparo fundamental. Para ello, se examinan los dilemas de la relación subjetiva con el objeto a y das Ding, investigando el funcionamiento ambiguo de la fantasía y su posible comprensión como obra de arte para uso interno del sujeto. Por último, se propone una resonancia entre la comprensión del arte en la obra de Magritte y la dirección del tratamiento que propone Lacan. La humaine 1933. 1933 . (1933) sujeto todo condición humana real, real , real" pulsional fundamental ello Ding 193 (1933 19 (193 1 (19 (1 (

Resumos The article aims to incite reflections on the function of fantasy in psychoanalysis based on Lacan's contact with the work of the artist René Magritte, and specifically with the painting "La condition humaine" (1933). It analyzes some aspects of the functioning of fantasy as the subject's reality and, above all, as the "human condition" related to an avoidance of contact with "the window to the real," in relation to the lack of ultimate object for drive satisfaction, to the inconsistency of the Other and to fundamental helplessness. To this end, the dilemmas of the subjective relation with the object a and with das Ding are examined, investigating the ambiguous functioning of fantasy and its possible understanding as a work of art for the subject's internal use. Finally, a resonance is proposed between the understanding of art in Magritte's work and the direction of treatment as proposed by Lacan. Lacans Lacan s Magritte La humaine 1933. 1933 . (1933) subjects subject all human real, real satisfaction helplessness end examined use Finally Magrittes 193 (1933 19 (193 1 (19 (1 (

O artigo se propõe a incitar reflexões sobre a função da fantasia na psicanálise a partir do contato de Lacan com a obra do artista René Magritte, e especificamente, com o quadro La condition humaine (1933). Analisam-se algumas vertentes do funcionamento fantasístico como realidade do sujeito e, acima de tudo, como "condição humana" ligada a uma evitação do contato com "a janela para o real", em relação à falta de objeto último para a satisfação pulsional, à inconsistência do Outro e ao desamparo fundamental. Para tanto, examinam-se os dilemas da relação subjetiva com o objeto a e com das Ding, investigando o funcionamento ambíguo da fantasia e o seu possível entendimento como obra de arte para uso interno do sujeito. Propõe-se, finalmente, uma ressonância entre a compreensão da arte na obra de Magritte e a direção do tratamento conforme proposta por Lacan. especificamente 1933. 1933 . (1933) Analisamse Analisam tudo condição humana real, real , real" pulsional fundamental tanto examinamse examinam Ding Propõese, Propõese Propõe se, Propõe-se finalmente 193 (1933 19 (193 1 (19 (1 (

Resumen Este artículo se propone presentar parte de un estudio realizado en el marco de una tesis de maestría que estudia las orientaciones de la motivación hacia el aprendizaje en estudiantes bachilleres con discapacidad intelectual leve (DIL) que asisten a una escuela privada de Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (Argentina). El trabajo intenta probar la utilidad de los estudios de habla privada (HP) para obtener información sobre las características motivacionales de los participantes. Para ello registra, describe y analiza el contenido que aparece en las emisiones de HP de los participantes durante la resolución de dos tareas con distinta demanda cognitiva. Durante las sesiones experimentales, se registraron las emisiones de HP que emitieron los participantes, las cuales se codificaron para determinar tipos de HP (HP irrelevante para la tarea, HP relevante para la tarea y HP con contenido motivacional). Las emisiones de HP con contenido motivacional se clasificaron en categorías y subcategorías (para las que se utiliza el sistema de clasificación de Montero y Huertas 1999). A partir de la clasificación de categorías y subcategorías se organizaron según la orientación motivacional que expresan, lo que permite describir patrones motivacionales. Los resultados revelaron que los estudios de HP son una herramienta potente para conocer las características motivacionales de adolescentes con DIL.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present part of a research study carried out within the framework of a master's thesis. The aim of the master’s thesis is to study the motivational orientations of high school students with mild intellectual disability (MID) towards the learning process. The work intends to test the usefulness of ‘private speech’ (PS) to obtain information about the motivational characteristics of the participants. In order to achieve this, the content present in the PS emissions of the participants during the resolution of tasks with different load of cognitive demand was registered, described and analyzed. During the experimental sessions, the participants’ PS emissions were registered and then coded to determine three different types of PS (irrelevant for the task, relevant for the task and PS with motivational content). Then, the PS emissions with motivational content were classified into categories and subcategories (using the classification system of Montero & Huertas, 1999). Following this classification, the information was organized according to the motivational orientation they expressed; as a conclusion, motivational patterns can be described. The results reveal that PS studies are a powerful tool to understand the motivational characteristics of adolescents with MID.

Communication in the 21st century has become multimodal. A variety of primary modes, including text, narration, movement, colour and sound are also "translated" and delivered in secondary modes through electronic devices. One of the genres that is characterised by multimodality is audio-visual presentation. In students 'presentations, speech is normally the primary mode, supported by text, movement, still pictures and colour. In oral presentation, physical gestures, gaze and other body language function as part of multimodal ensembles. This article focuses, in particular, on the hand gestures that form part of modal ensembles. In scholarly literature, the word "gesture" is used to imply that the actor has some voluntary control over a movement, and its meaning. Gestures are "actions" demonstrating "features of manifest deliberate expressiveness" (Kendon, 2004:14, 15), which involve the hand and arm movements humans make when they speak (Seyfeddinpur, 2011:148; Roth, 2001:368). Much of the theoretical literature on gestures deals with how they are cognitively processed. De Ruiter (2007) distinguishes three main "architectures" that account for different viewpoints on the processing of manual gestures: Window Architecture (Beattie, 2003) assumes that gestures come straight from the mind, without mediation by language. Language Architecture assumes that the language a person speaks affects their gesture. Postcard Architecture implies that words, speech and gesture arise together from an underlying propositional representation that has both visual and linguistic aspects (Tenjes, 2001:317). Kendon (1980; 2004) and McNeill (1992:2) have consistently emphasised the unity of speech and gesture. Postcard Architecture resonates with thinking in recent and current studies in multimoda-lity, that there are no distinct semiotic systems in the human brain, but rather one integrated repertoire of linguistic and semiotic practices from which communicators constantly draw (Garcia, 2009; Garcia & Li, 2014; Canagarajah, 2011; Mazak, 2017). Sign makers make meaning by drawing on a variety of modes that combine with others in "ensembles" (Kress & Van Leeuwen, 1996; 2001; Kress, 2010). However, there is still no general consensus on whether gestures primarily explicate the thought processes of the speaker, or intentionally communicate information to the audience or interlocutor, or both. For the purpose of this article it is deemed sufficient to recognise that gestures constitute part of multimodal ensembles, in which oral discourse is the primary mode of communication; that gestures do have communicative value; and that people use gestures in accordance with their communicative goals (Müller, Bressem & Ladewig, 2013:713). The majority of scholars today view language and gestures as semiotic systems of which the signs have form and meaning. It is also generally accepted that gesture studies need their own vocabularies in order to talk about their mode-specific formal characteristics. Below, an overview is given of the most cited gesture typologies and the nomenclatures for describing some of the formal characteristics of gestures. From the various gesture typologies, in particular McNeill (1992), (Tenjes (2001) and Müller (1998; 2004) the following typology has been distilled to serve as a basis for the semantic categorisation of gestures: Representational Concrete: Iconic Abstract: Metaphorical Referential Concrete (referent present in the discursive space) Concrete (referent absent from the discursive space) Abstract (metaphorical) Emblems Beats Discourse gestures The article also discusses aspects of gestures that resemble syntax in language, viz. handedness (left, right or both), semi-conventionalised hand shapes and orientation ofthe palm and fingers, as well as position of gestures in the gesture space. Subsequently a description is given of a research project that analyses co-speech gestures in a corpus of 17 video-recorded group presentations by first-year students of theology registered for the module "Academic Literacy for Theology" on the topic "The evaluation of ten church websites according to criteria from a published theology article " (Waters & Tindall, 2010). Data were captured during three different cycles: • Extracting the speech from each video using the software program Subtitle Edit, saved in a Microsoft Excel file, and edited. • Dividing the text according to presentations and (speech) turns by group members, and saved in separate Word documents. • Watching each video again, while conducting the following actions: Dividing all the relevant gestures according to the five main types and their subtypes and inserting them as still pictures into the relevant files, for example "metaphor", "abstract deixis". During the analysis, all captured images of the gestures demonstrating "manifest deliberate expressiveness" (Kendon, 2004:15) were further categorised according to their formal characteristics (handedness, position in gesture space and hand shape). A number of representative examples from each of the main typological categories (deictic, iconic and metaphoric) were described in detail. This was done by replaying the relevant video clip a number of times, listening to the speech, and interpreting the information with reference to the literature review. The following table gives a brief overview of the findings regarding handedness, position in the gesture space, and the hand shape of the 232 analysed gestures. The table shows that both hands are used for approximately two thirds of the iconic and metaphorical gestures, while deictic gestures are predominantly produced with only one hand. This is not surprising, given the referential (demonstrative) purpose of deictic gestures (for which only one hand is necessary), as opposed to iconic and metaphorical gestures, which have a representative function, best achieved by using both hands. Findings regarding the gesture space is well aligned with findings in the literature. Regarding hand shape, the C- and flat C-shape occur in 17% of the iconic gestures, while the shallow cup occurs in similar frequencies (between 10,4 and 13,1%) across all three main typological categories. An unexpected, but positive, finding was that the open hand is the preferred shape for deictic gestures (63%), and not the pistol shape, which is strongly discouraged in the advice literature on the use of gestures in presentations. The article is concluded by advice for the use of gestures in students' audiovisual presentations. The advice is based on the gesture theories and typologies discussed earlier, as well as on the analysis of the corpus.

Kommunikasie in die 21ste eeu het grootliks multimodaal geword. 'n Verskeidenheid primêre modusse, byvoorbeeld geskrewe teks, mondelinge vertelling, beweging, kleur, klank en musiek, word ook elektronies "vertaal" en sekondêr deur rekenaars, selfone en tablette afgelewer. Een van die genres wat gekenmerk word deur multimodaliteit is oudiovisuele aanbieding. In studente se aanbiedings is spraak gewoonlik die primêre modus, en word aangevul deur teks, animasie (beweging), foto's en kleur. Die mondelinge aanbieding tree as deel van 'n multimodale ensemble op, waar die unieke eienskappe van elke modus benut word om betekenis oor te dra. Eers gee ek 'n definisie van die konsep "handgebaar", gevolg deur 'n uiteensetting van algemeen erkende gebareteorieë en tipologieë wat gebare indeel volgens semiotiese gebaretipes, handigheid (links, regs of beide), gekonvensionaliseerde handvorme en palm-oriëntasies, en beweging en posisie in die gebareveld. Daarna volg 'n beskrywing van 'n navorsingsprojek wat berus op die analise van ko-taalgebare in 'n korpus van 17 gevideo-graveerde mondelinge aanbiedings deur teologiestudente. Die artikel word afgesluit deur puntsgewyse advies vir die gebruik van gebare in studente se oudiovisuele aanbiedings. Die advies is sowel gegrond op teorieë en tipologieë van gebare as op die analise van die korpus. Waar dit relevant is, word verwys na handleidings oor kommunikasie en openbare redevoering.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o potencial de uma otimização multiobjetivo orientada para soluções de projeto arquitetônico que contemplem melhores condições de conforto térmico e redução do consumo de energia. Para tanto, o estudo é aplicado a um modelo constituído de única zona térmica, para o qual foram considerados distintos valores para os parâmetros construtivos. São considerados para o envelope: a orientação solar, as propriedades dos materiais opacos e transparentes da envoltória, as dimensões da janela e da proteção solar. Utilizou-se nas simulações o software EnergyPlus associado à ferramenta de parametrização e otimização JEPlus+EA. O processo de otimização visa minimizar os indicadores de graus-hora para aquecimento (GHa) e de resfriamento (GHr). Essa minimização revela-se de interesse para as cidades situadas na Região Sul do Brasil de clima temperado úmido, nas quais há necessidade de adoção de estratégias de projeto conflitantes em função das condições de inverno e verão. Os resultados para as configurações dos envelopes e orientação de implantação do modelo são apresentados por meio da Fronteira de Pareto. Assim, torna-se possível identificar a relação entre os diversos parâmetros de projeto assumidos, com a minimização dos requerimentos estabelecidos de consumo de energia para o modelo arquitetônico analisado.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the potential of a multi-objective optimisation of architectural design solutions that offer better thermal comfort conditions and lower energy consumption. The study was applied in a rectangular box model as a single thermal zone, and different values were considered for the constructive parameters of the building. In addition, the following elements of the envelope were also analysed: solar orientation, the properties of opaque and transparent materials, window dimensions and sunshade. The EnergyPlus software associated with the JEPlus + EA parameterisation and optimisation tool were used for the simulations. The optimisation process considered the minimisation for both the Heating Degree Hours (GHa) and Cooling Degree Hours (GHr). This minimisation is interesting for cities with a humid temperate climate in southern Brazil, where it is necessary to adopt conflicting building design strategies due to the different winter and summer conditions. The results for the envelope configurations for one given model site orientation are presented through the Pareto Frontier. Hence, it is possible to identify the relationship between the various designed parameters assumed, with the minimisation of the established energy consumption requirements for the architectural model analysed.

Resumo No presente artigo, analisa-se o efeito da orientação solar no comportamento térmico e de percepção do usuário em dois ambientes de uma câmara bioclimática de baixo custo (CBBC), testados com orientações solares opostas da fachada com janela. Foram utilizadas técnicas de avaliação pós-ocupação (APO) e medições in loco, Zona Bioclimática 1, Curitiba/PR, Brasil. As sessões de avaliação do ambiente pelo usuário ocorreram no inverno de 2018, levantando-se variáveis subjetivas de 136 participantes voluntários. Do ponto de vista térmico, os resultados das medições objetivas foram corroborados pela percepção dos usuários, comprovando-se a contribuição térmica de fachadas com janela voltada para norte durante o inverno. A orientação da janela (norte/sul) levou a alterações na temperatura do ar e das superfícies internas, com efeitos no perfil vertical de temperatura e nos níveis de desempenho, mesmo para condições de uso de persiana, ou seja, sem ganhos de calor solar diretos no ambiente. A discrepância da temperatura do ar nos ambientes aumentou com aporte solar direto, chegando a uma diferença de 5,9 °C.

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the effect of solar orientation in terms of thermal performance and occupant perception in two indoor environments of a Cost-Effective Building Bioclimatic Chamber (CBBC), with window facades in two opposite solar orientations. This study employed Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) techniques and temperature measurements at CBBC in Bioclimatic Zone 1, Curitiba/PR, Brazil. The users’ evaluation sessions took place in the winter of 2018, with subjective evaluations by 136 voluntary participants. The results of the objective measurements were corroborated by the perceptions of users, proving the thermal contribution of north-facing window façades in winter. Window orientation (north/south) led to changes in air- and internal surface temperatures, with effects on the vertical profile of the temperature and on thermal performance levels, even for window configurations with closed shutters, i.e., without direct solar heat gains in the environment. The internal air temperature discrepancy increased with direct solar heat, reaching a difference of 5.9 °C.

Abstract In this work, the period of time in which canola yield is most sensitive to changes in resource availability was identified, and the physiological and numerical components that are most affected by reductions in incident radiation at different times of the cycle were identified. cultivation. Two canola spring genotypes were planted, one short-cycle and one intermediate-cycle, which were subjected to 10-day shading treatments (14 in total) during the winter 2015 and spring 2016 agricultural cycle. The treatments (cultivar combination and shading moments) were established in an arrangement of divided plots, where the main plot was assigned to the cultivars, while the shading moments were assigned to the subplots, the latter were distributed in a randomized complete block design with three repetitions. The most significant reductions in grain yield (33%) due to the effect of shading for Bioaureo 2486 were observed from 140 °Cd up to 410 °Cd after the start of flowering, with a total of 550 °Cd. In Hyola 61 this time window presented from -45 °Cd up to 250 °Cd with a total of 295 °Cd, with a decrease in yield of up to 40%. The numerical component of yield most affected by reductions in incident radiation levels was the number of grains. On the other hand, the number of grains per pod and the number of pods per unit area largely explained the changes in the number of grains. These results will allow better orientation of the genetic improvement and agronomic management strategies tending to increase the potential yield in this crop.

Resumen En el presente trabajo se identificó el periodo de tiempo en el cual el rendimiento de canola es más sensible a cambios en la disponibilidad de recursos y se identificaron los componentes fisiológicos y numéricos que son afectados por reducciones en la radiación incidente en diferentes momentos del ciclo de cultivo. Se sembraron dos genotipos primaverales de canola, uno de ciclo corto y otro de ciclo intermedio, los cuales se sometieron a tratamientos de 10 días de sombreo (14 en total) durante el ciclo agrícola invierno 2015 y primavera 2016. Los tratamientos (combinación de cultivares y momentos de sombreo) se establecieron en un arreglo de parcelas divididas, en donde la parcela principal fue asignada a los cultivares, mientras que los momentos de sombreo fueron asignados a las subparcelas, estos últimos fueron distribuidos en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Las reducciones más significativas del rendimiento de grano (33%) por efecto del sombreo para Bioaureo 2486 se observaron a partir de 140 °Cd y hasta 410 °Cd después del inicio de la floración, con un total de 550 °Cd. En Hyola 61 esta ventana de tiempo se presentó desde -45 °Cd y hasta 250 °Cd con un total de 295 °Cd, con una disminución en el rendimiento de hasta 40%. El componente numérico del rendimiento más afectado por reducciones en los niveles de radiación incidente fue el número de granos. Por otro lado, el número de granos por silicua y el número de silicuas por unidad de superficie explicaron en gran medida los cambios en el número de granos. Estos resultados permitirán orientar mejor las estrategias de mejoramiento genético y de manejo agronómico tendientes a incrementar el rendimiento potencial en este cultivo.

This paper shows a comparison of the vertical and horizontal tank orientation and the associated maximum demands from synthesized aggregated load models for various grid scenarios. Aggregated load profiles are produced by replicating a 50 litre (50% capacity) draw event for a 100-litre dual-mountable electric water heater (EWH) for each orientation. A total of 416 load profiles are produced containing 208 sets of horizontal and vertical aggregated profiles for comparison. Two factors are varied, (1) total EWH population from 1 to 1 million in various increments and (2) peak time window for initiating EWH draws ranging from 1 to 12 hours, where a Gaussian distribution is applied to the times each EWH starts participating on the grid. The resulting aggregated load profiles show that EWHs in the vertical orientation produce a higher aggregated maximum demand whereas the horizontal orientation can have a much lower aggregated maximum demand to a ratio of 0.58. A maximum demand ratio Ph/Pv of 0.80 is determined for a scenario similar to normal grid operation for a peak time window of 4 hours. The significance of this work is to quantify the difference in maximum power demand of a population of EWHs due to tank orientations in a controlled simulated environment.

Face mapping is a simple but invaluable means of geological and geotechnical data acquisition whereby intact rock properties, rock mass properties, discontinuity properties, and structural orientation can be assessed. Although traditionally done via direct contact with the mapping face through techniques such as line mapping or window mapping, remote face mapping using various digital techniques has become increasingly popular in recent years. Sishen is a large open pit mining operation requiring a comprehensive geotechnical data-set to evaluate pit wall design and stability with the necessary level of confidence. Geotechnical borehole data, face mapping data, geotechnical laboratory testing data, and implicit structural models provide the main sources of this information. Although a large geotechnical borehole database has always been maintained at the mine, face mapping has in the past been restricted to sporadic and isolated stability assessments. In 2013 the mine acquired a terrestrial laser scanner with the resolution, photographic capabilities, and software required to carry out geotechnical face mapping. A face mapping procedure was set up based on accepted face mapping methods, the data requirements of the mine, and capabilities of the laser scanner system. Mapping data obtained from the scans was integrated into the Acquire geological data management system, a purpose-designed structured query language (SQL) database system used for storing the mine's geotechnical data. Within the geotechnical design process, having face mapping data available has improved confidence in the properties of the rock mass and structural environment, allowing for better definition of geotechnical design sectors. Overall, the face mapping and geotechnical analysis features of the terrestrial laser scanner in use make it an invaluable geotechnical data capture tool, provided a system is in place to store mapping data in a manner that allows for meaningful rock mass and structural information to be produced.

Abstract: This article focuses on the carrying out of 36 virtual natural lighting simulations, with the purpose to provide an overview of the contributions of the simulation of natural lighting in an office space and describe their results in the light of the rules for visual efficiency, considering seasonal variations, orientation façade, time and color through the use of specialized software. Three seasons were compared at two different times and two orientations (North and South) where only one window was placed. We used Radiance and Autodesk Ecotec software. Our results showed that during winter and facing South the average lighting levels exceed 27 times the values established by the Official Mexican Norm (NOM-025-STPS-1999 Lighting conditions in work spaces) in winter at South orientation at 12:00 hrs. It was also proven that color reflection coefficient plays an essential role in lighting, increasing up to 63% the level of illumination.

Resumen: El desarrollo de 36 simulaciones virtuales de iluminación natural exterioriza los aportes de luz natural en un espacio de oficina y describe sus resultados según las normas para la eficiencia visual, a través del uso de un software especializado. Se compararon tres estaciones del año, en dos horarios distintos y en dos orientaciones en donde se colocó una única ventana. El software Radiance y Autodesk Ecotect mostraron que los niveles de iluminación promedio llegan a superar hasta 27 veces los valores establecidos por Norma Oficial Mexicana en la orientación Sur, en invierno, a las 12H00. Se demuestra también que el coeficiente de reflexión del color juega un papel imprescindible, aumentando hasta en un 63% el nivel de iluminación.

El objetivo de este artículo es revisar los principales conceptos en la literatura acerca de la ventana de la fertilidad en pacientes con ciclos menstruales normales. El énfasis principal del artículo se ha dirigido al análisis de la teoría de Brown de la ovulación, revisar conceptos básicos de la ovulación, secreción y metabolismo de la hormona folículo estimulante, y al estudio clínico, ecográfico y bioquímicos del desarrollo folicular de la ventana de la fertilidad. Este artículo también repasa los biomarcadores clínicos y los diferentes metabolitos endocrinos que delimitan en la fase fértil del ciclo. Se revisan diferentes estudios en los cuales las valoraciones en suero y orina de los esteroides sexuales, han corroborado tener una correlación directa para enmarcar el período fértil. Actualmente tienen relevancia estos conocimientos en diferentes grupos de interés, sobre todo en mujeres con un alto nivel de motivación interesadas en el reconocimiento de su fertilidad, las cuales pueden beneficiarse mediante la aplicación de conocimientos técnicos actuales que detectan la ventana fértil. También estos conocimientos suelen cobrar importancia en aquellas personas que pertenecen a programas de regulación de la fertilidad (PRF), con intención de distanciar un embarazo, o de reconocer el periodo fértil del ciclo para conseguir un embarazo espontáneamente, o mediante programas de NaProTecnología. Otros grupos de interés, son aquellos en los cuales no se tiene experiencia en cursos de PRF, pero desean mejorar sus conocimientos en el reconocimiento de la fertilidad por medio de una breve entrevista, o por medio de cursos de orientación familiar.

The purpose of this article is to review the principle concepts in literature concerning the fertile window in patients with normal menstrual cycles. The basic concepts of ovulation are examined as well. The primary emphasis is on an analysis of Brown's theory of ovulation and a look at the basic concepts concerning secretion, the metabolism of follicle-stimulating hormones, and clinical, ultrasound and biochemical study of the follicular development of the fertile window. Also examined are the clinical biomarkers and the different endocrinal metabolites that have been tested in the fertile phase of the cycle. A number of studies are reviewed in which measured concentrations of sex steroid hormones in plasma and urine were shown to have a direct bearing on identifying the fertile period. This knowledge is relevant for different interest groups, particularly couples who are interested in fertility awareness and can benefit by applying currently available technical know-how to detect the fertile window. Couples involved in fertility regulation programs (FRP) who want to prevent pregnancy can benefit as well, as can those who want to pinpoint the most fertile time for becoming pregnant. Other target groups include persons who have no experience with FRP courses, but would like to improve their fertility awareness through a short interview, or couples who are looking for pregnancy options through NaProTechnology programs or have taken family orientation courses.

O objetivo deste artigo é revisar os principais conceitos na literatura sobre a janela da fertilidade em pacientes com ciclos menstruais normais. Os conceitos básicos da ovulação foram revisados. A ênfase principal do artigo se dirige à análise da teoria da ovulação de Brown, revisar dos conceitos básicos da secreção e metabolismo do hormônio folículo estimulante, e ao estudo clínico, ecográfico e bioquímico do desenvolvimento folicular a janela da fertilidade. Este artigo também revisa os biomarcadores clínicos e os diferentes metabolitos endócrinos que foram provados na fase fértil do ciclo. Revisam-se diferentes estudos nos quais as valorações em soro e urina dos esteroides sexuais comprovam ter uma correlação direta no estabelecimento do período fértil. Atualmente esses conhecimentos têm relevância em diferentes grupos de interesse, sobretudo em casais com alto nível de motivação no reconhecimento da fertilidade e que podem se beneficiar mediante a aplicação dos conhecimentos técnicos atuais na constatação da janela da fertüidade. Outro tipo de casais costuma ser aquele que pertence a programas de regulação da fertilidade (PRF) com intenção de distanciar uma gravidez, assim como também de reconhecer a época mais fértil do ciclo para conseguir uma gravidez. Outros interessados costumam ser pessoas que não têm experiência em cursos de PRF, mas desejam melhorar seu conhecimento no reconhecimento da fertilidade por meio de uma breve entrevista, ou casais que buscam opções de uma gravidez mediante programas Naprotecnologia ou que realizaram cursos de orientação familiar.

La reflexión semántica sobre la información periodística es inherente a sus términos en los temas referentes a la mortalidad infantil, la salud materna y el VIH/Sida contemplados en los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio, ésta se revela desde la atención que les da la prensa, con lo cual además de darles visibilidad contribuye a la construcción de una agenda de comportamientos saludables y de prevención de enfermedad. Según el análisis de contenido realizado a seis diarios colombianos se observa una tendencia favorable desde el punto de vista de la ubicación de la noticia; respecto a los géneros, la información escueta es más ampliamente trabajada que los géneros interpretativos que son de mayor eficacia en cuanto a orientación en salud

Semantic reflection on journalistic information is inherent in the terminology used when referring to topics that deal with child mortality, maternal health and HIV/AIDS, as contemplated in the Millennium Development Goals. This is apparent in the attention afforded to these topics by the press, which not only lends them visibility but also helps to build an agenda for healthy behavior and disease prevention. An analysis of the contents of six daily newspapers published in Colombia shows a favorable tendency in how the news related to these topics is positioned. As to type or genre, concise information is used more widely than interpretive genres, which are more effective for guidance and orientation on health issues