The history of the discovery, use, and development of dyes is closely linked to the history of humanity itself. Among the first records of human civilization are cave paintings made from, e.g., fruits, plants, minerals, and insects. Over the centuries, using different techniques, colors have been given to all types of materials and products, from clothing to food. The chemicals responsible for colors are dyes - a vast collection of molecules of the most varied compositions, but which have in common the absorption of light within the visible window of the electromagnetic spectrum. This article aims not only to review the properties of some classes of natural dyes, their origins, and their applications but also to describe the various computational chemistry methods involved in designing new bio-inspired molecules. discovery use itself eg e g e.g. fruits plants minerals insects centuries techniques products food compositions spectrum origins bioinspired bio inspired e.g

Abstract The influence of occupant behaviour in buildings is widely discussed as one of the causes for the gap between energy use estimated via computer simulation and during building operation. Knowing the main drivers for adjustments in building systems is essential to guide the development of mathematical models for such behaviours. The aim of this study is to evaluate the main motivating agents for adjusting windows, luminaires, and air-conditioning in offices. Two offices were monitored using sensors that collected data from the internal environment and user interaction with such systems. Rainfall and external and internal air temperatures were considered influential for the interaction with window systems. The increase in internal and external temperatures had even more influence on interactions with air-conditioners. The main conclusions were: there is influence of the layout of the offices in the sharing and control of windows and efficiency of passive strategies, such as the use of natural and cross ventilation; and there is an influence of the increase in internal temperature compared to external temperature in the predictability of opening windows and turning air-conditioning devices on. operation behaviours luminaires airconditioning conditioning airconditioners. airconditioners conditioners. conditioners air-conditioners strategies ventilation

Resumo Ainfluência do comportamento dos usuários em edificações é amplamente discutida como uma das causas para discrepâncias entre consumos energéticos esperados, durante a fase de projeto, e consumos durante a operação. Conhecer os principais motivadores para ajustes nos sistemas de edificações é imprescindível para aprimorar a modelagem desses comportamentos. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os principais agentes motivadores para o ajuste das janelas, luminárias e aparelhos de ar-condicionado em escritórios. Dois escritórios foram monitorados por meio de sensores que coletaram dados de qualidade do ambiente interno e comportamento de usuário. Foram consideradas influentes para a interação com sistemas de janelas a pluviometria e as temperaturas do ar externo e interno. O aumento das temperaturas interna e externa apresentou ainda mais influência na interaçãocom aparelhos de ar-condicionado. Duas foram as principais conclusões: há influência do layout dos escritórios no compartilhamento e controle das janelas e eficiência de estratégias passivas, como o uso de ventilação natural e cruzada; e há influência do aumento da temperatura interna em comparação à externa na previsibilidade de abertura de janelas e acionamento de aparelhos de ar-condicionado. esperados projeto operação comportamentos arcondicionado condicionado usuário arcondicionado. condicionado. conclusões passivas cruzada

Abstract Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) is a thermal property of glass and transparent elements, defined as the ratio between the amount of solar energy that passes through the glass and the amount of solar energy that reaches it. SHGC can be determined using mathematical models, computer simulations, or field and laboratory measurements. This paper compares the methods for obtaining the SHGC, which include laboratory measurements using a portable calorimeter, computer simulation using the WINDOW software and calculated according to ISO 9050 standard. Two solar control glasses and one clear glass, used as a reference, were selected. The SHGCs obtained using laboratory measurements were lower than those obtained using the other methods due to the solar simulator and equipment limitations. Despite this, there was a good approximation of the behaviour of the glasses regarding the increase in air velocity. The heat transfer coefficient on the exterior surface was fixed, so the SHGC obtained for each glass based on ISO 9050 remains the same, regardless of the air velocity. The SHGC results based on ISO 9050 were similar to those measured by means of a portable calorimeter under conditions of higher air velocities. (SHGC elements it models simulations 905 standard reference selected limitations this velocity fixed same velocities 90 9

Resumo O fator solar é uma propriedade térmica de vidros e elementos transparentes, definida como a razão entre a quantidade de energia solar que atravessa o vidro e a quantidade de energia solar que nele incide. O fator solar pode ser determinado por meio de modelos de cálculo, simulações computacionais ou medições em campo ou laboratório. Este artigo compara métodos de obtenção do fator solar, que incluem medições em laboratório com um calorímetro portátil, simulação computacional no software WINDOW e cálculo conforme procedimentos da norma ISO 9050. Foram selecionados dois vidros de controle solar e um vidro comum como referência. Devido a limitações do simulador solar e do equipamento, os valores de fator solar obtidos nas medições em laboratório foram menores que os calculados pelos outros dois métodos. Apesar disso, houve boa aproximação do comportamento dos vidros quanto ao aumento da velocidade do ar. Os valores calculados por meio da ISO 9050 permaneceram iguais para cada tipo de vidro, independentemente da velocidade do ar, devido ao coeficiente de transferência de calor superficial externo ser fixo. Os valores de fator solar calculados pela norma apresentaram maior proximidade com os valores medidos pelo calorímetro portátil em condições de velocidades do ar mais elevadas. transparentes incide referência equipamento disso 905 fixo elevadas 90 9

Abstract Light wells in residential buildings represent a context that has received relatively little attention in daylighting analyses. This study aims to analyze the daylighting performance of a residential space with a window facing a light well, in order to contribute to the revision of NBR 15575:2013. The study conducted 1,152 daylighting analyses considering windows facing a light well, located on the first and fourth floors of a 4-story building. Clear and intermediate skies were considered in four Brazilian cities with different latitudes. Both the prescriptive method and point-in-time simulations were applied. The effectiveness of achieving daylit interior spaces through light wells strongly depends on the geometry of the light well and the external illuminance conditions of the city. Narrow light wells were found to be unsuitable for adequately daylighting the lower floor spaces. Furthermore, the prescriptive method was insufficient in representing daylighting originating solely from external wall interreflections. The study found that intermediate and superior performance levels, when achieved through point-in-time or spatial daylighting availability simulations, were never attained for the first-floor space. Therefore, the authors recommend that dense urban canyon situations and light wells be carefully considered in the revision of the standard. 155752013. 155752013 15575 2013. 2013 15575:2013 1152 1 152 1,15 4story story 4 building latitudes pointintime point time applied city Furthermore interreflections levels firstfloor Therefore standard 15575201 1557 201 15575:201 115 15 1,1 1557520 155 20 15575:20 11 1, 155752 2 15575:2 15575:

Resumo Poços de luz em edifícios residenciais representam um contexto com pouca atenção nas análises de iluminação natural. Esse estudo propõe analisar o desempenho de iluminação natural de um espaço residencial com janela voltada para poço de luz visando objetivo de contribuir com a revisão da NBR 15575:2013. O estudo realizou 1.152 análises de desempenho considerando a janela voltada para o poço de luz localizada no 1º e 4º pavimentos de uma edificação de quatro pavimentos. Foram considerados céu claros e intermediários em quatro cidades brasileiras com diferentes latitudes. O método prescritivo e simulação ponto-no-tempo foram aplicados. A solução de iluminação de espaços internos por meio de poços de luz depende fortemente de sua geometria e das condições de iluminância externa da cidade. Poços estreitos mostraram-se inaptos para levar luz suficiente para os ambientes inferiores. O método prescritivo não é capaz de representar adequadamente situações de iluminação natural oriunda exclusivamente de interreflexões de paredes externas. Os níveis intermediários e superiores de desempenho por simulação ponto-no-tempo ou por análises baseadas no clima não foram atendidos no 1º pavimento. Os autores recomendam que situações de cânions urbanos densos e poços de luz sejam cuidadosamente consideradas na análise da revisão da norma. 155752013. 155752013 15575 2013. 2013 15575:2013 1152 1 152 1.15 º latitudes pontonotempo ponto tempo aplicados cidade mostraramse mostraram se inferiores externas pavimento norma 15575201 1557 201 15575:201 115 15 1.1 1557520 155 20 15575:20 11 1. 155752 2 15575:2 15575:

RESUMEN Paraguay ha aumentado la inversión en educación en la última década por medio del Fondo Nacional de Inversión Pública y Desarrollo (FONACIDE) cuya finalidad consiste en abordar las carencias que afectan a la educación paraguaya. Entonces, considerando la creciente preocupación por la gestión de los recursos públicos dada la escasa infraestructura y el deficiente servicio del almuerzo escolar, en este trabajo se pretende analizar la eficiencia de la gestión de los gastos públicos en educación del FONACIDE de los departamentos de Paraguay durante el período 2015 a 2017, a través de la aplicación de la técnica Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) con análisis de ventana y retornos variables de escala con orientación producto. La técnica DEA con análisis de ventana consiste en medir el nivel de eficiencia de varias Decision Making Units (DMUs) en diferentes períodos de tiempo basado en el principio de promedios móviles. Los resultados muestran que la ineficiencia técnica pura media nacional es del 11,04%, por tanto, los departamentos en general podrían mejorar sus indicadores educativos utilizando los mismos niveles de financiamiento. Además, el mayor acceso a recursos no está vinculado a mejores rendimientos educativos. Por tanto, para potenciar el rendimiento educativo es necesario establecer otros criterios de redistribución presupuestaria del FONACIDE, considerando la necesidad de infraestructura y número de alumnos matriculados por departamento.

ABSTRACT Paraguay has increased investment in education over the past decade through the National Fund for Public Investment and Development (FONACIDE), whose goal is to address the deficiencies affecting Paraguayan education. Considering the growing concern over the management of public resources given the inadequate infrastructure and poor school lunch service, this paper aims to analyze the efficiency of public spending management in education by FONACIDE in the departments of Paraguay during the period 2015 to 2017. This is achieved through the application of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique with window analysis and variable returns to scale with product orientation. The DEA technique with window analysis measures the efficiency level of several Decision-Making Units (DMUs) over different periods based on the moving averages principle. The results show that the average national pure technical inefficiency is 11.04%, meaning that the departments, in general, could improve their educational indicators using the same funding levels. Additionally, greater access to resources is not linked to better educational outcomes. Therefore, to enhance educational performance, it is necessary to establish other budget redistribution criteria for FONACIDE, considering the need for infrastructure and the number of enrolled students per department

ABSTRACT The production process of non-centrifuged cane sugar (NCS) involves a significant release of steam and heat due to the evaporation of cane juices in saucepans over a solid fuel oven. This results in a warm and moisture-saturated environment, which can be suffocating for workers. This study aimed to evaluate the bioclimatic behavior of an NCS processing facility, based on the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index. In addition, solutions are suggested to mitigate possible adverse effects of heat stress. This evaluation utilized computational simulations to determine the thermal comfort perceived by the workers. The accuracy of simulations was verified against temperature and relative air humidity data collected from the facility. Bioclimatic simulations encompassed twelve treatments, involving modifications to the enclosure on the walls and lantern window, incorporating three types of roof material. The WBGT index was determined by considering the effects of the radiant heat generated by the oven and the natural ventilation area on the facility’s temperature and relative air humidity. This helps to assess the comfort experienced by the workers. The thermal zone of the oven presented heat stress conditions; therefore, rest periods and mechanical ventilation were suggested when dissipating heat and steam through natural ventilation is not possible. For workers exposed to high temperatures and thermal radiation, the use of an aluminized apron and infrared goggles for eye protection was recommended. noncentrifuged non centrifuged (NCS moisturesaturated moisture saturated environment facility (WBGT addition treatments window material facilitys s conditions therefore radiation recommended

RESUMO O processo de produção de rapadura gera alta concentração de vapor e calor devido à evaporação do caldo da cana em panelas sobre forno a combustível sólido. Isso gera um ambiente quente e saturado de umidade que pode ser sufocante para os trabalhadores. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as condições ambientais de uma instalação de processamento de rapadura, com base no Índice de Bulbo Úmido e Temperatura de Globo (IBUTG) e sugerir soluções para mitigar possíveis efeitos adversos do estresse térmico. Esta avaliação utilizou simulação computacional para determinar o conforto térmico dos trabalhadores. A simulação foi validada com dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar da instalação. As simulações bioclimáticas foram realizadas em doze tratamentos, modificando o fechamento nas paredes e lanternim, com três tipos de materiais de cobertura. Foi determinado o Índice IBUTG, considerando os efeitos do calor radiante gerado pelo forno, e pela área de ventilação natural sobre a temperatura e umidade relativa do ar no interior da instalação, e seu efeito no conforto dos trabalhadores. A zona térmica do forno apresentou condições de estresse térmico, portanto, foram sugeridos períodos de descanso e ventilação mecânica quando não for possível a evacuação do calor e vapor através da ventilação natural. O uso de avental aluminizado e óculos infravermelhos para proteção ocular foi recomendado para os trabalhadores expostos a altas temperaturas e radiação térmica. sólido IBUTG (IBUTG tratamentos lanternim cobertura portanto

Abstract Introduction Functional endoscopic sinus surgery and endoscopic skull base surgery are frequently performed surgeries today. Nasal septal deviation is a common finding and can affect the surgical area. Therefore, it is important to examine the effect of this deviation on other anatomical structures. Objectıve The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is a relationship between the degree of nasal septal deviation and anterior skull base structures using computed tomography (CT). Methods A total of 312 patients (aged 18 to 65 years old) whose paranasal sinus CT images were available were included in the study. Measurements were obtained on images retrieved from Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) and Horos image archive systems in the bone window in the coronal and axial plane. Results The mean age of 312 patients was 33.00 years old (standard deviation [SD] 11.22 years). The presence of septal deviation was not associated with changes in olfactory fossa (OF) depths, Keros degrees, and the angle between the lateral lamella and the cribriform lamella. However, OF depths and Keros degrees on the deviated side of the septum were found to change at a significant level (p < 0.05). No significant association was observed between the degree of septal deviation and cribriform lamella-lateral lamella angle. Conclusion The study showed significantly increased OF depth and Keros degree on the deviated side of the nasal septum. Performing CT scans before endoscopic sinus surgery and endoscopic skull base surgery is important to increase the chances of a successful surgical outcome and to reduce complications. today area Therefore CT. . (CT) 31 aged 1 6 PACS (PACS plane 3300 33 00 33.0 standard SD [SD 1122 11 22 11.2 years. years) (OF However p 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) lamellalateral complications (CT 3 330 33. 112 2 11. 0.0 0.

Abstract For twenty-six years, the priest of Los Llanos, Don Cándido Sotomayor, carried out a task of organizing and classifying the priesthood that is surprising given the dynamics of constant change that characterized that community towards the end of the colonial period. In this sense, it seems that his work did not consist of a mere reclassification of the population, but rather a personal and consistent categorization based on the implicit criteria of quality perception. The categories used by Sotomayor reveal both the values rooted in his position in the social hierarchy and the changes in the current racial imaginaries and their resignification towards the end of the colonial era. It is important to highlight, in line with what the authors expressed, the opportunities that the analysis of Sotomayor's work provides to examine the approaches through which the census takers observed reality. Likewise, it allows contrasting perceptions, consistency and reinforcements of certain implicit attributes of quality over time. This detailed look at the religious’ work and classification criteria offers us a unique window to understand how quality was constructed and perceived at that time, as well as to analyze the changes and continuities in social and racial evaluations throughout the colonial period.

Resumen Durante veintiséis años, el cura de Los Llanos, don Cándido Sotomayor, llevó a cabo una labor de ordenamiento y clasificación del curato que resulta sorprendente dada la dinámica de cambio constante que caracterizaba a esa comunidad hacia finales del período colonial. En este sentido, pareciera que su labor no consistió en una mera reclasificación de la población, sino más bien en una categorización personal y consistente basada en los criterios implícitos de percepción de la calidad. Las categorías utilizadas por Sotomayor revelan tanto los valores arraigados en su posición en la jerarquía social como los cambios en los imaginarios raciales vigentes y su resignificación hacia el final de la era colonial. Es importante resaltar, en sintonía con lo expresado por las autoras, las oportunidades que el análisis de la labor de Sotomayor brinda para examinar los enfoques a través de los cuales los censistas observaban la realidad. Asimismo, permite contrastar percepciones, consistencias y reforzamientos de ciertos atributos implícitos de la calidad a lo largo del tiempo. Esta mirada detallada sobre el trabajo y los criterios de clasificación del religioso nos ofrece una ventana única para comprender cómo se construía y percibía la calidad en esa época, así como para analizar los cambios y continuidades en las valoraciones sociales y raciales a lo largo del periodo colonial.

Bernard Lazarus Emanuel Sigamoney was born in 1888 as part of the indentured labour community. His parents ensured that he received an education and this helped him climb the social ladder in local communities in Durban and Transvaal. Consequently, his name became linked to the scout, sport, social, religious, and political movements of the day. He died in 1963 leaving behind a footprint that calls for recognition. This article placed Sigamoney, a South African politically active schoolteacher, under scholarly analysis. His circumstances of being subjected to institutional racism and forced removals make a coherent narrative an impossible task for a historian. Therefore, a disjointed but important narrative from the scraps left behind in newspaper accounts, internet searchers, and general history sources was constructed. These accounts revealed how he contributed to South African political liberation on a national and local community level. The political networks he created also present readers with a window into twentieth century resistance movements in local communities. His voice was also present in the early socialist and later anti-apartheid sports movements. He used his position as a schoolteacher to launch actions that challenged the segregation and apartheid regime of the day.

Abstract The “public policy for the full guarantee of the rights of LGBT people”and on gender identities and sexual orientations in the Capital District has been implemented for almost 12 years. After its formalization, it has been implemented during the four district administrations that have governed. During this period, it has materialized through programs that have had the general objective of “guaranteeing the full exercise of the rights of people from the LGBT sectors as part of the production, social management and collective well-being of the city” (Concejo de Bogotá, 2009, p. 2); through four strategic processes: i) institutional strengthening at the district and local levels; ii) co-responsibility in the exercise of rights; iii) communication and education for cultural change; and iv) the production and application of knowledge (Acuerdo 371, 2009). This document analyzes the factors that led to its adoption in Bogotá, presents some of its main achievements, and offers recommendations for its strengthening. For the analysis, the application of the multiple currents approach is used as the main theoretical model. This approach focuses on understanding the political dynamics and processes that, at different levels and occurring independently and in parallel, have managed to come together at a specific moment (window of opportunity) to position politics as a viable institutional alternative based on the action of some political entrepreneurs (Zahariadis, 2010). In order to take stock of joint actions and to take into account how cultural and collective imaginaries about the community have affected their impact, the analysis is complemented by the framework of promoting coalitions (Sabatier y Weible, 2010) and the social construction framework and policy design (Ingram et al. 2010).

Resumen La “política pública para la garantía plena de los derechos de las personas LGBT” y sobre identidades de género y orientaciones sexuales en el Distrito Capital lleva casi 12 años en implementación. Después de su formalización, ha sido implementada durante las cuatro administraciones distritales que han gobernado desde entonces. Durante este periodo, se ha materializado a través de programas que han tenido por objetivo general “garantizar el ejercicio pleno de derechos de las personas de los sectores LGBT como parte de la producción, gestión social y bienestar colectivo de la ciudad”(Concejo de Bogotá, 2009, p. 2); esto, por medio del desarrollo de cuatro procesos estratégicos: i) el fortalecimiento institucional en los niveles distritales y locales; ii) la corresponsabilidad en el ejercicio de derechos; iii) la comunicación y educación para el cambio cultural; y iv) la producción y aplicación de conocimientos y saberes (Acuerdo 371, 2009). Este documento analiza los factores que llevaron a su adopción en Bogotá, presenta algunos de sus principales logros y ofrece recomendaciones para su fortalecimiento. Para el análisis se recurre a la aplicación del enfoque de las corrientes múltiples como modelo teórico principal; este enfoque se concentra en entender las dinámicas y procesos políticos que, en distintos niveles y ocurriendo de manera independiente y paralela, han logrado confluir en un momento específico (ventana de oportunidad) para posicionar a la política como una alternativa institucional viable a partir de la acción de unos emprendedores de política (Zahariadis, 2010). Con el fin de hacer un balance sobre las acciones conjuntas y para tener en cuenta cómo los imaginarios culturales y colectivos sobre la comunidad han afectado su incidencia, el análisis se complementa con el marco de las coaliciones promotoras (Sabatier y Weible, 2010) y el marco de la construcción social y diseño de políticas (Ingram et al., 2010).

Abstract First-mile problems have become a major problem for the automobile industry since moving cars from production plants to selling destinations is characterized by using vehicle carriers with limited space. Although supply chain processes have automatized last-mile operations to improve productivity and increase benefits, first-mile analysis has been widely ignored. For example, in the automotive industry, cars are stored in parking lots until they are demanded, which negatively impacts delivery times and increases transportation costs. The previous issues impact the first-mile logistics of the automobile industry to the detriment of copying with delivery times and increasing the operation cost. In this paper, we deal with the previous issues by modeling the movement of cars from the parking lot to the car Carrier as an optimal control problem. Considering that not all cars should leave the parking lot, we search for conditions that guarantee the existence of a unique optimal path when the cars’ requisition is uncertain. Theoretical results provide a closed-form solution that indicates the optimal path to fill the car carrier in a time window. Such solutions allow us to study the impact of exogenous parameters (such as the parking lot size, the starting point, andmarginal costs) on the behavior and features of the optimal path.

Resumen Los problemas de la primera milla se han convertido en un problema importante para la industria automotriz, ya que el traslado de los automóviles desde las plantas de producción a los destinos de venta se caracteriza por el uso de portavehículos con espacio limitado. Aunque los procesos de la cadena de suministro han automatizado las operaciones de última milla para mejorar la productividad y aumentar los beneficios, el análisis de la primera milla ha sido ampliamente ignorado. Por ejemplo, en la industria automotriz, los automóviles se almacenan en estacionamientos hasta que se demandan, lo que impacta negativamente en los tiempos de entrega y aumenta los costos de transporte. Lo anterior impacta la logística de primera milla de la industria automotriz en detrimento de copiar tiempos de entrega y aumentar el costo de operación. En este artículo, abordamos las cuestiones anteriores modelando el movimiento de los automóviles desde el estacionamiento hasta el portavehículos como un problema de control óptimo. Considerando que no todos los autos deben salir del estacionamiento, buscamos condiciones que garanticen la existencia de un único camino óptimo cuando la requisición de los autos es incierta. Los resultados teóricos proporcionan una solución de forma cerrada que indica la ruta óptima para llenar el portavehículos en una ventana de tiempo. Estas soluciones nos permiten estudiar el impacto de parámetros exógenos (como el tamaño del estacionamiento, el punto de partida y los costos marginales) sobre el comportamiento y las características de la ruta óptima.

Resumo O estudo apresenta um sistema de reconhecimento de expressões faciais, para detecção de emoções básicas de estudantes, durante a produção textual. A funcionalidade foi desenvolvida e implementada no editor de textos coletivo denominado ETC, e utiliza técnicas de visão computacional. O sistema apresenta uma janela de detecção de expressões do usuário, e uma página de relatório com dados armazenados ao longo do tempo de edição de um documento. A pesquisa foi dividida em quatro etapas, são elas: fundamentação teórica; escolha de ferramentas e bibliotecas; desenvolvimento da funcionalidade e inclusão no editor de textos; testes com especialistas e análise dos resultados. O estudo concluiu que é possível coletar informações referentes a emoções básicas, por meio de sistemas de visão computacional. O objetivo é apoiar professores no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, a partir das observações dos aspectos afetivos durante a produção textual. Contudo, existem ainda distorções por fatores externos, que dificultam a captação adequada das imagens.

Abstract The study presents a facial expression recognition system for detecting basic emotions in students during text production. The functionality was developed and implemented in the collective text editor called ETC, and uses computer vision techniques. The system presents a window for detecting user expressions and a report page with data stored over the time a document was edited. The research was divided into four stages: theoretical basis; selection of tools and libraries; development of the functionality and inclusion in the text editor; testing with experts and analysis of the results. The study concluded that it is possible to collect information regarding basic emotions through computer vision systems. The objective is to support teachers in the teaching and learning process, based on the observation of affective aspects during text production. However, there are still distortions due to external factors, which make it difficult to capture the images properly.

RESUMEN Las plataformas digitales de reparto son expresión de los nuevos desarrollos tecnológicos y de las comunicaciones, es un nuevo modelo de negocio que creció exponencialmente durante la pandemia del covid-19 y que ha visto una ventana de oportunidad para los dueños de las aplicaciones y quienes deciden invertir en el negocio. Este escrito se propone explorar los conflictos discursivos y materiales en las plataformas, así como las condiciones laborales y la acción colectiva de los trabajadores de Rappi en Colombia. Para ello se adopta una estrategia teórico-metodológica que combina investigación documental y trabajo empírico desde la perspectiva del capitalismo de plataformas.

ABSTRACT Digital delivery platforms are an expression of new technological and communications developments and a new business model that grew exponentially during the covid-19 pandemic and saw a window of opportunity for application owners and those who decided to invest in the business. This paper intends to explore the discursive and material conflicts on the platforms, the working conditions, and the collective action of Rappi workers in Colombia. For this, a theoretical-methodological strategy was adopted that combines documentary research and empirical work from the perspective of platform capitalism.

RESUMO As plataformas digitais de entrega (delivery) são a expressão de novos desenvolvimentos tecnológicos e de comunicações, e, de um novo modelo de negócio que cresceu exponencialmente durante a pandemia de covid-19. Este modelo de negócios tem sido visto como uma janela de oportunidade para os donos dessas aplicações e para quem decide investir nelas. Este artigo tem como objetivo explorar os conflitos discursivos e materiais nas plataformas, bem como as condições de trabalho e ação coletiva dos trabalhadores da Rappi na Colômbia. Para isso, adota-se uma estratégia teóricometodológica que combina pesquisa documental e trabalho empírico na perspectiva do capitalismo de plataforma.