The in silico study aimed to suggest phytochemicals from Commiphora leptophloeos leaves essential oil as therapies against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2). For that, we used molecular docking (MD), absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) parameters, and pharmacokinetic analysis. MD showed the presence of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds for nine compounds. β-Selinene and bicyclogermacrene showed the best interaction values with the protein Mpro (ID: 6Y2F) (-5.9) and chimeric receptor complexed with its receptor human ACE2 (ID: 6VW1) (-6.1 and -5.5) proteins, as well as low gastrointestinal and high epithelial absorptions, medium permeability for Caco-2 cells and high epithelial permeability, low oral excretion, and were inhibitors of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 enzymes. On the other hand, both were not permeable to the blood-brain barrier and inhibitors or substrates for glycoprotein-D, and showed carcinogenic potential, but only β-selinene was considered mutagenic. Although little bioavailable, both presented aspects structurally adequate, being compounds with moderate synthesis difficulty. Therefore, more analyses are necessary to evaluate the mechanism of action and unsatisfactory parameters foreseen in bioinformatic assays. COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 2 SARSCoV2. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV . SARS-CoV-2) that MD, , (MD) absorption distribution metabolism excretion ADMET (ADMET analysis βSelinene β Selinene ID (ID 6Y2F YF Y F 5.9 59 5 9 (-5.9 ACE 6VW1 VW 6.1 61 6 1 (-6. 5.5 55 -5.5 proteins absorptions Caco2 Caco Caco- CYPC CYP C CYP2C1 CYP2C enzymes hand bloodbrain blood brain glycoproteinD, glycoproteinD glycoprotein D, D glycoprotein-D potential βselinene selinene mutagenic bioavailable adequate difficulty Therefore assays COVID1 (COVID-1 SARS-CoV-2 (MD 5. (-5. 6VW 6. (-6 -5. (COVID- SARS-CoV- (-5 (- -5 (COVID SARS-CoV ( -

Exploring the triacylglycerols composition in milk samples from different ruminant species is crucial for dairy product development. Identifying the fatty acid (FA) composition in human milk is essential and is usually performed using gas chromatography (GC). Heat maps are useful for visualizing these results, aiding in pattern identification and relationships between samples and variables. Additionally, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides important qualitative and quantitative information about fatty acids (FA). In the present study, we compare the fatty acid composition in samples of HM, cow milk, and goat milk, as well as to demonstrate their positional distribution in triacylglycerols (TAGs). Human milk contains 49.21% saturated fatty acids (SFAs), 34.32% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and 16.47% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including 2.14% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 13.02% linoleic acid (LA). On the other hand, cow and goat milk have higher proportions of SFAs (56.2 and 58.02%, respectively) and MUFAs (40.56 and 40.95%, respectively), but lower amounts of PUFAs (3.24 and 1.03%, respectively), with significantly lower quantities of DHA (0.03 and 0.43%, respectively) and LA (1.46 and 2.76%, respectively). Additionally, fatty acids in ruminant milk mainly consist of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), with oleic acid being the most abundant. development FA (FA GC. GC . (GC) results variables Additionally NMR (NMR FA. study HM TAGs. TAGs (TAGs) 4921 49 21 49.21 SFAs, , (SFAs) 3432 34 32 34.32 MUFA, MUFA (MUFA) 1647 16 47 16.47 PUFA, PUFA (PUFA) 214 2 14 2.14 (DHA 1302 13 02 13.02 LA. (LA) hand 56.2 562 56 (56. 5802 58 58.02% respectively 40.56 4056 40 (40.5 4095 95 40.95% respectively, 3.24 324 3 24 (3.2 103 1 03 1.03% 0.03 003 0 (0.0 043 43 0.43% 1.46 146 46 (1.4 276 76 2.76% respectively. longchain long chain LCFAs, LCFAs (LCFAs) abundant (GC (TAGs 492 4 49.2 (SFAs 343 34.3 (MUFA 164 16.4 (PUFA 2.1 130 13.0 (LA 56. 5 (56 580 58.02 40.5 405 (40. 409 9 40.95 3.2 (3. 10 1.03 0.0 00 (0. 04 0.43 1.4 (1. 27 7 2.76 (LCFAs 49. 34. 16. 2. 13. (5 58.0 40. (40 40.9 3. (3 1.0 0. (0 0.4 1. (1 2.7 ( 58. (4

The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stands for being the most serious epidemic (so far) of the 21st century. However, only a few computational studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the neutralization of the spike protein by antibodies of different classes. Hence, bioinformatic methods were employed to unravel the factors contributing to the remarkable neutralization capacity exhibited by specific antibodies. Initially, crystallographic structures of IgA monomeric / dimeric, IgG, and IgM antibodies binding with the receptor-binding domain region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were retrieved. Subsequently, rigid molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations were performed over 100 ns with explicit water solvation. Lastly, an energy decomposition was conducted to estimate the binding affinity using the last frames from molecular dynamics. The results revealed a higher binding affinity for both monomeric and dimeric forms of IgA antibodies against the spike protein. Additionally, a greater number of hydrogen bonds were observed during their interaction with the spike protein, as well as greater structural instability along the time and especially a more thermodynamically favorable interaction affinity. In this way, the research contributes a small piece to the complex puzzle of understanding the humoral immune response induced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV (SARS-CoV-2 so far st century However classes Hence Initially IgG receptorbinding receptor SARS-CoV- retrieved Subsequently 10 solvation Lastly dynamics Additionally way virus (SARS-CoV- SARS-CoV 1 (SARS-CoV

ABSTRACT Objective: To recognize and address Patau’s syndrome, despite its rarity and associated low life expectancy, through the presentation of a case study of a 2-year-old patient receiving Home Care services. Case description: We present a female patient who defied the odds with a prolonged survival, possible due to Home Care. She was delivered via cesarean section at 31 weeks + 4 days due to restricted uterine growth. The mother, aged 36, had received proper prenatal care and was in good health. The diagnosis of Patau’s syndrome was confirmed through karyotyping after birth. Despite the severe clinical nature of the case, the patient, now with two years old, receives specialized home-based care, supported by a tracheostomy and gastrostomy. A dedicated 24-hour nursing technician ensures continuous monitoring, and the patient benefits from regular medical check-ups, physiotherapy five times a week, weekly speech therapy sessions, monthly consultations with a nutritionist, and ongoing psychological support for her family members. Comments: This multidisciplinary approach has resulted in a slight motor response, highlighting the positive impact of comprehensive care on her overall well-being. The existence of a robust support network for families facing similar challenges is crucial, and a multidisciplinary care can effectively prevent complications associated with this impactful syndrome. Objective Pataus Patau s expectancy 2yearold yearold 2 year old services description survival 3 growth mother 36 health birth homebased home based gastrostomy 24hour hour 24 monitoring checkups, checkups check ups, ups check-ups week sessions nutritionist members Comments response wellbeing. wellbeing well being. being well-being crucial

RESUMO Objetivo: Reconhecer e abordar a síndrome de Patau, apesar de sua raridade e da baixa expectativa de vida associada, por meio da apresentação de um estudo de caso de uma paciente de dois anos que recebe cuidados em casa por intermédio de serviços de home care. Descrição do caso: Apresentamos uma paciente do sexo feminino que desafiou as probabilidades, com sobrevivência prolongada devida, possivelmente, ao home care. Ela nasceu por cesariana, com 31 semanas + 4 dias, em razão da restrição do crescimento uterino. A mãe, de 36 anos, recebeu cuidados pré-natais adequados e gozava de boa saúde. O diagnóstico da síndrome de Patau foi confirmado por meio de cariótipo após o nascimento. Apesar da gravidade clínica do caso, a paciente, hoje com dois anos, recebe atendimento domiciliar especializado, apoiado por traqueostomia e gastrostomia. Um técnico de enfermagem dedicado 24 horas garante acompanhamento contínuo, e a paciente beneficia-se de check-ups médicos regulares, fisioterapia cinco vezes por semana, sessões semanais de fonoaudiologia, consultas mensais com nutricionista e apoio psicológico contínuo aos familiares. Comentários: Esta abordagem multidisciplinar resultou em melhora motora discreta, destacando o impacto positivo do cuidado integral no seu bem-estar geral. A existência de uma rede robusta de apoio às famílias que enfrentam desafios semelhantes é crucial, e um cuidado multidisciplinar pode prevenir eficazmente as complicações associadas a esta impactante síndrome. Objetivo associada care probabilidades devida possivelmente cesariana 3 dias uterino mãe prénatais pré natais saúde nascimento especializado gastrostomia 2 beneficiase beneficia se checkups check ups regulares semana fonoaudiologia familiares Comentários discreta bemestar bem estar geral crucial

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives: There have always been employers, managers and/or co-workers with less correct and disruptive behaviors, with possible consequences in terms of physical and emotional health, in addition to direct intervention in work parameters (such as performance, satisfaction, productivity and profit). Within this dimension there is a very wide variation between more subtle and possibly less serious situations, to the opposite. The aim of this review is to address the softer part of this spectrum and, possibly, more discreet and frequent, in order to provide Occupational Health and Safety Professionals with more weapons, to better guide the situation. Methodology: This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in April 2023 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content: Civility can be defined as tolerance, respect and concern for others; with the possibility of sharing and disagreeing in a polite and cooperative way, based on treating with dignity; which can mitigate the effects of workload on employees’ mental health. Incivility occurs when an individual violates respect for others by being rude and/or condescending, leading to disrespect, conflict and anxiety. In other words, it is a deviant behavior that is not very intense, violating the rules of good work conduct. This review also mentions data relating to possible classifications of Incivility, elements that can commit it, factors that increase or mitigate the risk of being a target of this phenomenon, professional areas most affected, some international statistics; as well as personal and work consequences and ways to mitigate the problem. Discussion and Conclusions: Addressing and drawing attention to Workplace Incivility will certainly make everyone involved more aware and capable of mitigating or eliminating it, contributing to the construction of healthier cultures and work environments (physically and emotionally); creating more competitive and profitable institutions. It would be interesting to see if, at a national level, there are employers who have already studied the topic inside (or intend to do so in the future), summarizing the respective incidences/prevalence of the different subtypes of uncivilized behavior, socio-demographic-professional characteristics of the aggressors and attacked workers, measures taken and their effectiveness, publishing this in a specialized magazine.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos: Desde sempre que existiram empregadores, chefias e/ou colegas de trabalho com comportamentos menos corretos e perturbadores, com eventuais consequências a nível da saúde física e emocional, para além da interação com parâmetros laborais (como desempenho, satisfação, produtividade e lucro). Dentro desta dimensão existe uma variação muito ampla entre situações mais subtis e eventualmente menos graves, até o oposto. Pretende-se com esta revisão abordar a parte mais suave deste espetro e, eventualmente, mais discreta e frequente, de forma a dotar os Profissionais da Saúde e Segurança Ocupacionais de mais armas, para melhor orientarem a situação. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em abril de 2023 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo: Civilidade pode ser definida como tolerância, respeito e preocupação pelos outros; com possibilidade de partilhar e discordar de uma forma educada, cooperando, baseada no trato com dignidade; podendo atenuar os efeitos da carga de trabalho na saúde mental dos funcionários. Incivilidade ocorre quando um indivíduo viola o respeito por terceiros, sendo rude e/ou condescendente, levando a um ambiente de conflito e ansiedade. Ou seja, é um comportamento desviante não muito intenso, mas violando as normas/condutas de trabalho. Nesta revisão são ainda mencionados dados relativos a eventuais classificações de Incivilidade, elementos que a podem cometer, fatores que potenciam ou atenuam o risco de ser alvo deste fenómeno, áreas profissionais mais atingidas e algumas estatísticas internacionais, consequências pessoais e laborais e forma de atenuar o problema. Discussão e Conclusões: Abordar e chamar a atenção para a Incivilidade Laboral certamente conseguirá que todos os envolvidos ficam mais atentos e capazes de a atenuar ou eliminar, contribuindo para a construção de culturas e ambientes de trabalho mais saudáveis (física e emocionalmente); criando instituições mais competitivas e lucrativas. Seria curioso perceber se a nível nacional existem empregadores que já tenham estudado o tema dentro de suas portas (ou pretendam fazê-lo futuramente), resumindo as respetivas incidências/prevalências dos diversos subtipos de comportamentos incivilizados, caraterísticas socio-demográfico-profissionais dos agressores e agredidos, medidas tomadas e eficácia das mesmas, divulgando tal em revista especializada.

Abstract Background: The transition to higher education is a critical period with many new and demanding challenges that can trigger adjustment difficulties and imbalances in students’ mental health. Objective: To describe the relationship between sociodemographic/academic variables and general self-efficacy, perceived stress, and psychological well-being in first-year undergraduate nursing students. Methodology: This descriptive-correlational study used a non-probability convenience sample of 263 first-year undergraduate nursing students. Data were collected during the 2019/2020 academic year using the following instruments: Sociodemographic/Academic Questionnaire, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Psychological Well-Being Manifestation Measure Scale (EMMBEP). Results: The study revealed a negative correlation between general self-efficacy and perceived stress and between perceived stress and psychological well-being. A positive correlation was also observed between general self-efficacy and psychological well-being among nursing students. Conclusion: The transition to higher education is complex and highly impactful for students, therefore it is essential to develop facilitative strategies to reduce the impact of stress-inducing factors and emotional distress in this population.

Resumen Marco contextual: La transición a la educación superior (ES) representa una etapa crítica, con múltiples retos nuevos y exigentes, que pueden desencadenar dificultades adaptativas y desequilibrios en la salud mental de los estudiantes. Objetivo: Describir la correlación entre las variables sociodemográficas/académicas y la autoeficacia general, el estrés percibido y el bienestar psicológico en estudiantes de primer curso de Enfermería (LE). Metodología: Estudio descriptivo-correlacional, muestra no probabilística, tipo accidental de 263 estudiantes de primer curso de LE 2019/2020. Instrumentos: Cuestionario Sociodemográfico/Académico, Escala de Autoeficacia General, Escala de Estrés Percibido-10 Ítems, Escala de Medición de Manifestaciones de Bienestar Psicológico. Resultados: Se observó una correlación negativa entre la autoeficacia general y el estrés percibido, entre el estrés percibido y el bienestar psicológico, y una correlación positiva entre la autoeficacia general y el bienestar psicológico en los estudiantes de LE. Conclusión: El ambiente de transición a la ES es complejo e impactante para los estudiantes, y es esencial desarrollar estrategias facilitadoras para reducir el impacto de los factores que provocan estrés y angustia emocional en esta población.

Resumo Enquadramento: A transição para o ensino superior (ES) representa uma etapa crítica, com múltiplos novos e exigentes desafios, que podem precipitar dificuldades adaptativas e desequilíbrios na saúde mental dos estudantes. Objetivo: Descrever a correlação entre variáveis sociodemográficas/académicas e autoeficácia geral, stresse percebido e bem-estar psicológico em estudantes do primeiro ano da Licenciatura em Enfermagem (LE). Metodologia: Estudo descritivo-correlacional, amostra não probabilística, tipo acidental de 263 estudantes do primeiro ano da LE 2019/2020, instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico/Académico, Escala de Autoeficácia Geral, Escala de Stresse Percebido-10 Itens, Escala de Medida de Manifestação de Bem-Estar Psicológico. Resultados: Verifica-se existência de correlação negativa entre autoeficácia geral e stresse percebido, entre stresse percebido e bem-estar psicológico, constatando-se ainda correlação positiva entre autoeficácia geral e bem-estar psicológico nos estudantes da LE. Conclusão: O ambiente de transição para o ES é complexo e impactante para os estudantes, sendo fundamental desenvolver estratégias facilitadoras, que diminuir o impacto de fatores indutores de stresse e o sofrimento emocional nesta população.

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives: Artificial Intelligence has shown very intense development in recent years, in several areas, with Work Market being no exception. Furthermore, many researchers predict drastic changes in the way it is organized and consequent unemployment and associated economic, social, legal and emotional issues. The aim of this review is to summarize the data that will help to clarify the situation and better guide Occupational Health and Safety professionals. Methodology: This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in April 2023 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content: Artificial networks function as models with the capacity to store and use data, through simplified application algorithms. They mimic human neural networks; making the best decision, based on the information collected, making it possible to carry out tasks previously considered exclusively human. The machine progressively learns from its mistakes; that is, being able to solve problems for which they were not programmed, based on "experience", examples and analogies. Discussion and Conclusions: The consequences described in the literature regarding the interaction of Artificial Intelligence with Work are not consensual, even though most researchers consider that this will be the most abrupt and serious change faced by humanity, to the extent that it could be possible that the majority of the world's population become unemployed and without a means of subsistence, with all the associated implications, in a much shorter period of time than most can imagine. Some countries value this issue more, which is why they have already started studies or even applied practical measures to try to alleviate these problems. It would be very relevant to publicize the topic to employers, managers, human resources and workers, also evaluating how many companies apply Artificial Inteligence, in what way and how this has changed variables such as productivity, number of jobs and type of tasks; as well as what were the main mistakes made on this journey and what are the best ways to mitigate them, publicizing the process and the conclusions obtained, publishing such information in a magazine in the area.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos: A Inteligência Artificial tem apresentado um desenvolvimento muito intenso nos últimos anos, em diversas áreas, não sendo o Mercado de Trabalho uma exceção. Para além disso, muitos investigadores preveem mudanças drásticas na forma de este ser organizado e consequente alteração a nível de desemprego e questões económicas, sociais, legais e emocionais associadas. Pretende-se com esta revisão sintetizar os dados que mais ajudarão a elucidar a situação e a melhor orientar os profissionais da Saúde e Segurança Ocupacionais. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em abril de 2023 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo: As redes artificiais funcionam como modelos com capacidade para armazenar e usar dados, através de algoritmos de aplicação simplificada. Eles imitam as redes neuronais humanas; tomando a melhor decisão, em função da informação recolhida, possibilitando a realização de tarefas anteriormente consideradas como exclusivamente humanas. A máquina aprende progressivamente com os seus erros; ou seja, passa a conseguir resolver problemas para os quais não foram programadas, em função da "experiência", exemplos e analogias. Discussão e Conclusões: As consequências descritas na literatura em relação à interação da Inteligência Artificial com o Trabalho não são consensuais, ainda que a maioria dos investigadores considere que isso será a mudança mais brusca e grave enfrentada pela humanidade, na medida em que poderá ser possível que a maioria da população mundial fique desempregada e sem meios de subsistência, com todas as implicações associadas, num prazo muito mais curto do que a maioria poderá imaginar. Alguns países valorizam mais este assunto, pelo que já iniciaram estudos ou até a aplicação de medidas práticas para tentar atenuar esses problemas. Seria muito relevante divulgar o tema perante empregadores, chefias, recursos humanos e trabalhadores, avaliando também quantas empresas aplicam a Inteligência Artificial, de que forma e como tal alterou variáveis como produtividade, número de postos de trabalho e tipo tarefas; bem como quais os principais erros executados nessa caminhada e quais as melhores formas de os atenuar, divulgando o processo e as conclusões obtidas, publicando tais informações em revista da área.

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives Salt production, especially using artisanal methods, does not exist in all countries, given the climatic and logistical requirements. Portugal has some tradition in this sector, but even so, most professionals working in Occupational Health and Safety have no experience in the area. The aim of this review was to summarize the most relevant and recent publications, to improve their performance capacity and enhance the productivity, satisfaction and well-being of the workers involved. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in April 2023 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content Salt pans can be inland (far from the sea, using groundwater with a high salt content) or coastal. The former are scarcer in Portugal and only exist between Lisbon and Coimbra. Over time, in our country, evaporation was carried out by fire and sun. The latter is believed to have been developed by the Romans who created the first version of salt flats. At national level there is evidence of salt production since the end of the Neolithic, but here more frequently with the use of fire. Throughout Europe there has been a decline in artisanal versus industrial salt production, even in sea salt pans (especially on the northwest coast of France and, in Portugal, on the western coasts). Artisanal production in our country is more prevalent in the Figueira da Foz area. The product obtained via artisanal production has better quality, particularly in terms of flavor and nutritionally (via industrial production the taste is more metallic). Portugal is a large producer and consumer of traditional salt. The climatic characteristics suit production, due to summers with frequent high temperatures and strong, hot winds. National salt was and is consumed in other European countries; for presenting superior quality, even though it is more expensive. Production depends on the climate, namely insolation (number of hours in the sun), precipitation, temperature, cloudiness and winds (which affect evaporation). In other words, this is more intense and faster if the air temperature is higher, such as with more dry winds (which are generally more frequent in summer); low precipitation is also favorable. Salt production has been increasing, due to growing industrial needs. To be used in this last situation, it must be at 100% purity. Discussion and Conclusions No bibliography was found that referred the dimension of occupational health and safety in this professional sector. Based on the authors' theoretical and practical experience, the most relevant risk factors and risks in the sector are described: ultraviolet radiation and possible skin cancer, cataracts and other associated injuries; thermal discomfort and eventual higher accident rates associated with motor incoordination, worse cardiovascular adjustment, as well as disorientation and ability to make decisions; forced/maintained loads and/or postures and possible musculoskeletal injuries, emergence/worsening of hernia pathology and falling objects at the same level and possible bruises, skin lacerations and/or fractures. It would be interesting to learn more about the national panorama of this sector, through studies that hierarchically stratify the risk, also accurately describing occupational illnesses and associated accidents, as well as more effective measures to mitigate these issues.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos A produção de sal, sobretudo com métodos artesanais, não existe em todos os países, dadas as exigências climáticas e logísticas. Portugal apresenta alguma tradição nesse setor mas, ainda assim, a maioria dos profissionais a exercer na Saúde e Segurança Ocupacionais não tem experiência na área. Pretendeu-se com esta revisão resumir o que mais relevante e recente se publicou, de forma a melhorar a capacidade de atuação destes e a potenciar a produtividade, satisfação e bem-estar dos trabalhadores afetos. Metodologia Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em abril de 2023 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo As salinas podem ser interiores (afastadas do mar, usando água subterrânea com elevado conteúdo em sal) ou litorais. As primeiras são mais escassas em Portugal e apenas existem entre Lisboa e Coimbra. Ao longo do tempo, no nosso país, a evaporação era realizada pelo fogo e sol. Esta última acredita-se que foi desenvolvida pelos romanos que, de certa forma, criaram a primeira versão das salinas. A nível nacional há evidência de produção de sal desde o final do Neolítico, mas aqui mais frequente com a utilização do fogo. Por toda a Europa tem existido um declínio da produção artesanal de sal, versus industrial, mesmo em salinas marítimas (sobretudo na costa noroeste de França e, em Portugal, na costa ocidental). A produção artesanal no nosso país é mais prevalente na zona da Figueira da Foz. O produto obtido via artesanal tem mais qualidade, nomeadamente a nível de sabor e nutricionalmente (via industrial o paladar é um pouco mais metálico). Portugal é um grande produtor e consumidor de sal tradicional. As caraterísticas climáticas adequam-se à produção, devido aos verões com temperaturas elevadas frequentes e ventos fortes e quentes. O sal nacional era e é consumido noutros países europeus, por apresentar qualidade superior, mesmo tendo um preço mais elevado. A produção depende do clima, nomeadamente a insolação (número de horas ao sol), precipitação, temperatura, nebulosidade e ventos (que condicionam a evaporação). Ou seja, esta é mais intensa e rápida se a temperatura do ar for mais elevada, tal como com mais ventos secos (que geralmente são mais frequentes no Verão); a baixa precipitação também é favorável. A produção de sal tem vindo a aumentar, até pelas crescentes necessidades industriais. Para ser usado nesta última situação, deverá estar no patamar de 100% de pureza. Discussão e Conclusões Não se encontrou bibliografia que fizesse referência à dimensão da saúde e segurança ocupacionais neste setor profissional. Em função de experiência teórica e prática dos autores, descrevem-se os fatores de riscos e riscos mais relevantes do setor: radiação ultravioleta e eventual cancro de pele, cataratas e outras lesões associadas; desconforto térmico e eventual maior sinistralidade associada a descoordenação motora, pior ajuste cardiovascular, bem como desorientação e capacidade de tomar decisões; cargas e/ou posturas forçadas/mantidas e eventuais lesões músculo-esqueléticas, surgimento/agravamento de patologia herniária e queda de objetos e ao mesmo nível e eventuais equimoses, lacerações cutâneas e/ou fraturas. Seria interessante conhecer melhor o panorama nacional deste setor, através de estudos que estratificassem hierarquicamente o risco, descrevendo ainda com rigor as doenças profissionais e acidentes associados, bem como medidas mais eficazes para atenuar essas questões.

Abstract This review article emphasizes the importance of specific evaluation and management for adenocarcinoma-type colorectal cancer (CRC), a disease prone to local recurrence and systemic metastasis. It highlights the need for a distinctive approach compared to colon cancer. Improved local staging, facilitated by the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as more precise and effective treatments, have achieved a significant reduction in the mortality rate in adults over 50 years of age over the last few decades. MRI plays a vital role in the evaluation before and after treatment, being essential for the multidisciplinary team to personalize the most appropriate treatment option, thus highlighting the central importance of the radiologist. In primary staging, MRI allows evaluating tumor height in the rectum, T and N categories, detecting prognostic elements such as extramural vascular invasion and mucinous differentiation, and evaluating the involvement of the sphincter apparatus and other local organs and structures. During restaging, MRI evaluation has demonstrated significant prognostic value and is effective in selecting patients for an active follow-up strategy (watch and wait).

Resumen Este artículo de revisión resalta la importancia de realizar una evaluación y manejo específicos para el cáncer de recto de tipo adenocarcinoma (CRC), una enfermedad que tiende a la recurrencia local y la metástasis sistémica. Se destaca la necesidad de un enfoque distintivo en comparación con el cáncer de colon. Una mejor estadificación local, facilitada por el uso de resonancia magnética (RM), así como tratamientos más precisos y eficaces, han logrado una disminución significativa en la tasa de mortalidad en adultos mayores de 50 años a lo largo de las últimas décadas. La RM desempeña un papel esencial en la evaluación antes y después del tratamiento, siendo fundamental para que el equipo multidisciplinario pueda personalizar la opción de tratamiento más adecuada, resaltando así la importancia central del radiólogo. En la etapificación primaria, la RM permite evaluar la altura tumoral en el recto, categoría T y N, detectar elementos pronósticos como invasión vascular extramural y diferenciación mucinosa, y evaluar el compromiso del aparato esfinteriano y de otros órganos y estructuras locales. Durante la reetapificación, la evaluación mediante RM ha demostrado gran valor pronóstico y ser eficaz en la selección de pacientes para estrategia de seguimiento activo (watch and wait).

ABSTRACT Introduction: this study links ethical premises and foundations to analyze the dimensions involved in the design of public health policies and health reforms from a social, clinical and public health perspective. Methodology: technological resources and search platforms, applications of inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select relevant original articles, through a systematic review of the literature, in Medline, Ibecs, Pubmed, Scielo, BVS, Scopus, Web of Science databases, in English and Spanish, about ethics from the clinical, social and public health perspective, organizing the information in scientific tables. Results: the decent living conditions of individuals from any social stratum are related to the guarantees of health care and preservation of living conditions that directly impact health and well-being, and must be supported by institutions and society. Conclusion: regulatory frameworks, connected to human rights, must guarantee equitable access to health care, without discrimination, within the framework of community participation, privacy and social dialogue, influencing policy formulation, accountability, prevention of conflicts of interest and continuous evaluation of effectiveness, leading to the highest impact of health interventions.

RESUMEN Introducción: este estudio vincula premisas y fundamentaciones éticas, para el análisis de dimensiones involucradas en el diseño de políticas públicas de salud y reformas de salud, desde la perspectiva social, del ámbito clínico y de salud pública. Metodología: se utilizaron recursos tecnológicos y plataformas de búsqueda, aplica criterios de inclusión y exclusión para seleccionar artículos originales relevantes, a través de revisión sistematizada de la literatura, en bases de datos Medline, Ibecs, Pubmed, Scielo, BVS, Scopus, Web of Science, en inglés y español, acerca de la ética desde la perspectiva clínica, social y de la salud pública, organizando la información en tablas científicas. Resultados: las condiciones de vida digna de individuos de cualquier estrato social, se relacionan a las garantías de atención sanitaria y preservación de condiciones de vida que impactan directamente en la salud y el bienestar, debiendo ser respaldados por las instituciones y la sociedad. Conclusión: los marcos regulatorios, conectados a los derechos humanos, deben garantizar el acceso equitativo a la atención a la salud, sin discriminación, en el marco de la participación comunitaria, la privacidad y el dialogo social, influyendo en la formulación de políticas, la rendición de cuentas, la prevención de conflictos de interés y la evaluación continua de la efectividad, conducentes al más alto impacto de las intervenciones en salud.

ABSTRACT Introduction: sexual satisfaction and safety are key elements for male well-being, integrating physical and emotional aspects of intimacy. These concepts encompass the full enjoyment of sexual relationships, along with comfort and confidence in the protective practices used. Objective: determine sexual happiness and satisfaction with sexual safety in men from Asunción and Central during 2023. Methodology: a cross-sectional study was carried out in Asunción and Central during the months of September to November 2023. The study population consisted of eligible men who were over 18 years of age, who were assigned the sex male at birth, residents of the selected cities. The study variables were demographics, mental health (anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation). Results: the study included 143 participants. Of these, 55.24 % (79) were between 18 and 29 years old, 69.23 % (99) identified as gay, and 12.59 % (18) as bisexual. Men who have sex with men showed a higher probability of reporting satisfaction, with an age-adjusted odds ratio of 2.82 (95 % CI: 1.41-3.57, p=0.001) compared to heterosexuals. Having three or more stable partners and eleven or more non-stable partners was strongly associated with being MSM (p=0.003 and p=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: men who have sex with men reported higher levels of sexual satisfaction, suggesting a positive experience in their intimate relationships. However, this group also showed a tendency to have a higher number of sexual partners, both stable and non-stable. These differences in sexual behaviors may indicate distinct social norms or personal preferences among the studied groups.

RESUMEN Introducción: la satisfacción y seguridad sexual son elementos clave para el bienestar masculino, integrando aspectos físicos y emocionales de la intimidad; estos conceptos engloban el disfrute pleno de las relaciones sexuales, junto con la comodidad y confianza en las prácticas de protección utilizadas. Objetivo: determinar la felicidad sexual y satisfacción con la seguridad sexual en hombres de Asunción y Central durante el 2023. Metodología: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal en Asunción, y Central durante los meses de setiembre a noviembre del 2023. La población de estudio lo constituyeron los hombres elegibles que tenían mayor de 18 años, a quienes se les asignó el sexo masculino al nacer, residentes de las ciudades seleccionadas. Las variables del estudio fueron las demográficas, salud mental (ansiedad, depresión e ideación suicida). Resultados: el estudio incluyó 143 participantes. De estos, el 55,24 % (79) tenía entre 18 y 29 años, el 69,23 % (99) se identificó como gay, y el 12,59 % (18) como bisexual. Los Hombres que tienen sexo con hombres mostraron una mayor probabilidad de reportar satisfacción, con una odds ratio ajustada por edad de 2,82 (IC 95 %: 1,41-3,57, p=0,001) en comparación con los heterosexuales, tener tres o más parejas estables y once o más parejas no estables se asoció fuertemente con ser HSH (p=0,003 y p=0,001, respectivamente). Conclusión: los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres reportaron niveles más altos de satisfacción sexual, lo que sugiere una experiencia positiva en sus relaciones íntimas. Sin embargo, este grupo también mostró una tendencia a tener un mayor número de parejas sexuales, tanto estables como no estables. Estas diferencias en comportamientos sexuales pueden indicar distintas normas sociales o preferencias personales entre los grupos estudiados.

Resumen Objetivo: este estudio estima un sistema de demanda de bienes alimenticios en México, incorporando dimensiones territoriales y de ingreso. Se evalúa el impacto diferenciado de choques en los precios en el bienestar económico y la tasa de pobreza, considerando variaciones entre hogares y entre cinco grandes regiones. Metodología: utilizando el modelo de valores unitarios de Deaton (1988) y la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) de 2018, calculamos elasticidades-precios y elasticidades-ingreso y el impacto de las variaciones de precios en el ingreso y la pobreza. Resultados: revelan importantes diferencias regionales y se subraya la necesidad de considerar diferencias socioeconómicas y regionales y de adoptar un enfoque territorial en este tipo de análisis y para formular políticas efectivas. Limitaciones: existen limitaciones a este estudio que pueden afectar la comprensión completa de la dinámica de la pobreza. Hemos enfocado nuestra atención únicamente en los bienes alimenticios, excluyendo un grupo específico de productos, en este caso, los productos pesqueros. También, se considera que los hogares son únicamente consumidores de bienes, omitiendo así la dimensión productiva de autoconsumo. Originalidad: radica en la vinculación directa entre las estimaciones de pobreza y la desagregación territorial, integra patrones de consumo y elasticidades específicas a cada región. Conclusiones: se resalta la importancia de considerar las diferencias socioeconómicas y regionales al analizar la demanda de bienes alimenticios y su impacto en la pobreza. A pesar de las limitaciones, nuestros hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de un enfoque territorial en este tipo de análisis para formular políticas adaptadas y efectivas de reducción de la pobreza en diferentes regiones del país.

Abstract Objective: this study estimates a system of demand for food products in Mexico, incorporating territorial and income dimensions. The differentiated impact of shocks on prices on economic well-being and the poverty rate is evaluated, considering variations among households and across five major regions. Methodology: using Deaton’s (1988) unit values model and the 2018 National Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH), we calculate price and income elasticities, examining the impact of price variations on income and poverty. Results: our results reveal significant regional differences, emphasizing the need to consider socioeconomic and regional variations and to adopt a territorial approach in such analyses for effective policy formulation. Limitations: there are limitations to this study that may affect a complete understanding of poverty dynamics. We have focused our attention solely on food products, excluding a specific group of products, in this case, fishery products. We also assume that households are only consumers of goods, thus omitting the productive and self-consumption dimension. Originality: lies in the direct link between poverty estimates and territorial disaggregation, integrating consumption patterns and specific elasticities for each region. Conclusions: our study highlights the importance of considering socioeconomic and regional differences when analyzing the demand for food products and its impact on poverty. Despite the limitations, our findings underscore the need for a territorial approach in this type of analysis to formulate tailored and effective poverty reduction policies in different regions of the country.

Abstract Introduction: Almost 800 female deaths occur daily due to preventable causes associated with complications during or after pregnancy or childbirth, equivalent to two maternal deaths per minute. Objective: To develop a nursing care process for a pregnant woman who suffered from hyperthyroidism using diagnostic taxonomies, results and nursing interventions with a focus on Orem's theory. Methodology: Case study of a pregnant woman treated in a second level care hospital, the Orem assessment guide was used, developing the stages: assessment, diagnosis, planning, execution and evaluation, individualized care plans were designed and executed. Privacy was protected by omitting identity, respecting the rights and well-being of the participant. Results: The risk conditioning factor that compromised the health of the mother-child binomial gave way to care planning aimed at the process of ineffective motherhood and ineffective self-management of health, establishing interventions such as high-risk pregnancy care and teaching the process of illness and prescribed medications, an improvement was obtained in the patient's health status, which allowed her discharge and adequate management of the high-risk pregnancy. Conclusion: The nursing care process exposed the context in which the pregnant woman with known uncontrolled pathology is admitted, which compromised maternal-fetal well-being. Nursing education is required to promote preconception maternal health for future pregnancies.

Abstrato Introdução: Quase 800 mortes femininas ocorrem diariamente por causas evitáveis associadas a complicações durante ou após a gravidez ou o parto, o equivalente a duas mortes maternas por minuto. Objetivo: Desenvolver um processo de cuidado de enfermagem a uma gestante portadora de hipertireoidismo utilizando taxonomias diagnósticas, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem com enfoque na teoria de Orem. Metodologia: Estudo de caso de uma gestante atendida em um hospital de atenção secundária, utilizou-se o guia de avaliação de Orem, desenvolvendo as etapas: avaliação, diagnóstico, planejamento, execução e avaliação, foram desenhados e executados planos de cuidados individualizados. A privacidade foi protegida pela omissão da identidade, respeitando os direitos e o bem-estar do participante. Resultados: O fator condicionante de risco que comprometia a saúde do binômio mãe-filho deu lugar ao planejamento do cuidado voltado ao processo de maternidade ineficaz e à autogestão ineficaz da saúde, estabelecendo intervenções como o cuidado à gravidez de alto risco e ensinando o processo e medicamentos prescritos, houve uma melhora no estado de saúde da paciente, o que permitiu sua alta e o gerenciamento adequado da gravidez de alto risco. Conclusão: O processo de cuidado de enfermagem expôs o contexto em que a gestante com patologia conhecida não controlada é internada, o que compromete o bem-estar materno-fetal. A educação em enfermagem é necessária para promover a saúde materna pré-concepcional em futuras gestações.

Resumen Introducción: Casi 800 muertes de mujeres en forma diaria ocurren por causas prevenibles asociadas a complicaciones durante o después del embarazo o el parto, equivaliendo dos muertes maternas por minuto. Objetivo: Desarrollar un proceso de atención de enfermería a gestante que cursó con hipertiroidismo empleando las taxonomías diagnósticas, resultados e intervenciones de enfermería con enfoque de la teoría de Orem. Metodología: Estudio de caso a mujer gestante atendida en hospital de segundo nivel de atención, se empleó la guía de valoración de Orem desarrollando las etapas: valoración, diagnóstico, planeación, ejecución y evaluación, se diseñaron y ejecutaron planes de cuidados individualizados. Se protegió la privacidad omitiendo identidad, respetando los derechos y bienestar de la participante. Resultados: El factor condicionante de riesgo que comprometía la salud del binomio madre-hijo, dio paso a la planificación del cuidado encaminado al proceso de maternidad ineficaz y autogestión ineficaz de la salud, estableciendo intervenciones como cuidados del embarazo de alto riesgo y enseñanza del proceso de enfermedad y medicamentos prescritos, se obtuvo mejora en el estado de salud de la paciente, lo que permitió su alta y un adecuado manejo del embarazo de alto riesgo. Conclusión: El proceso de atención de enfermería expuso el contexto en el que ingresa la mujer gestante con patología conocida no controlada, lo que comprometía el bienestar materno-fetal. Se requiere educación por parte de enfermería para fomentar la salud materna preconcepcional para futuros embarazos.

RESUMEN Una de las dificultades que afecta la salud ocupacional de los docentes universitarios en Ecuador son los riesgos laborales. El objetivo es analizar los riesgos laborales con la finalidad de fortalecer el bienestar ocupacional desde una mirada integral. Tipificamos los riesgos laborales en ergonómicos, psicosociales, y organizacionales para la toma de decisiones. Se sugieren políticas para la prevención de riesgos, creando un ambiente laboral adecuado, que den cuenta de una labor formativa de calidad. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos del enfoque mixto de investigación, con una aproximación fáctica realizada por docentes de la Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Ecuador.

ABSTRACT One of the difficulties affecting the occupational health of university teachers in Ecuador is occupational hazards. The objective is to analyze occupational risks in order to strengthen occupational wellbeing from an integral point of view. We classify occupational risks into ergonomic, psychosocial, and organizational risks for decision-making. We suggest policies for risk prevention, creating an adequate work environment, which will provide quality training. Theoretical and empirical methods of the mixed research approach were used, with a factual approach carried out by teachers of the Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Ecuador.

Abstract Purpose: To analyze the contribution of the program "Sembrando Vida" in alleviating the poverty of male and female farmers using an Actor-Oriented Approach (AOA), to comprehend the program's impact on poverty reduction in Acayucan, Veracruz, Mexico. This analysis takes into consideration aspects such as employment, food self-sufficiency, the reconstruction of social fabric, forest recovery, the potential of territories, and overall well-being. Methodological design: This is an ethnographic study, using in-depth interviews and participant observation of ten farmers in the program over a period of seven months. The analysis of the information was carried out using NVivo software. Results: The program is partially fulfilling the objective to decrease poverty, because farmers still confront productive limitations, social vulnerability, higher investments, and technical-productive difficulties. Research limitations: The scope of the research only corresponds to the actors who participated in the research; therefore, the results cannot be generalized. Comparisons with more communities and with farmers not participating in the program would give a broader picture. Findings: This study contributes to the understanding of the impact of public interventions on development processes. The findings contribute to improving the implementation of the program and to developing future projects that consolidate the medium and long-term goals of the program.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la contribución del programa Sembrando Vida en el alivio de la pobreza de campesinas y campesinos desde un Enfoque Orientado al Actor (EOA), para comprender el impacto del programa en la disminución de la pobreza en Acayucan, Veracruz, México; considerando aspectos como: el empleo, la autosuficiencia alimentaria, la reconstrucción del tejido social, la recuperación forestal, el potencial de territorios y el bienestar. Diseño metodológico: esta investigación cualitativa es de carácter etnográfico, realizando entrevistas a profundidad y observación participante a diez agricultores del programa durante un periodo de siete meses. El análisis de la información se realizó a través del software NVivo. Resultados: el programa está cumpliendo parcialmente con su objetivo de combate a la pobreza, puesto que los campesinos aún enfrentan limitaciones productivas, vulnerabilidad social, mayores inversiones y dificultad técnico-productiva. Limitaciones de la investigación: los alcances de la investigación solo corresponden a los actores que participaron en ella, por lo tanto, los resultados no pueden generalizarse. Comparar con más comunidades y con campesinos no participantes del programa daría una visión más amplia. Hallazgos: se aporta una mayor comprensión del impacto de las intervenciones públicas en los procesos de desarrollo. Lo encontrado suma para la mejora del programa en su aplicación y en el desarrollo de futuros proyectos que consoliden las metas a mediano y largo plazo del programa.