Abstract Introduction. Seedlings formation under controlled conditions is crucial for cultivating species like strawberry. With LED artificial lighting technology allowing greater control over light, variations in components such as wavelength and intensity can be manipulated to generate seedlings with different characteristics. However, there is a need to generate information for the development of precise and efficient light control practices. Objective. The evaluate strawberry seedling formation under different intensities of violet, blue, and red LED light. Material and methods. The study was conducted in 2020 at the Plant Genetics Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy at the Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico. Seeds from San Andreas variety fruits were collected, and seedlings were grown under violet, blue, and red LED light at high, medium, and low intensities. Color determinations of cotyledon area, Chroma saturation index, and Hue angle were performed. Additionally, physio-technical, chemical, and antioxidant activity variables were measured. Results. The most suitable treatments were high and medium intensity violet light, as well as high intensity blue light, with germination range exceeding 60 %. Seedlings did not elongate or thin out and exhibited the largest cotyledons areas and chlorophyll concentrations. Furthermore, these light treatments consumed, on average, 31.2 % less electrical energy. Conclusions. In addition to white light, the most suitable treatments for strawberry seedlings formation were high and medium intensity violet light, as well as high intensity blue light. It is suggested to evaluate violet and blue light treatments in other cultivars to confirm their positive effect on strawberry seedlings. Red light limited germination and showing higher antioxidant activity.

Resumen Introducción. La formación de plántulas en condiciones controladas es fundamental para cultivar especies como la fresa. Dado que la tecnología de iluminación artificial LED ha permitido un mayor control de la luz, la variación de componentes como la longitud de onda y la intensidad pueden ser manipulados para generar plántulas con diferentes características. Sin embargo, es necesario generar información para el desarrollo de prácticas precisas y eficientes en el control de la luz. Objetivo. Evaluar la formación de plántulas de fresa en diferentes intensidades de luz LED violeta, azul y roja. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó durante 2020 en el Laboratorio de Genética Vegetal del Departamento de Agronomía de la Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México. Se recuperaron semillas de frutos de la variedad San Andreas y se sembraron plántulas en luz LED violeta, azul y roja a intensidades alta, media y baja. Se realizaron determinaciones de color del área del cotiledón, índice de saturación de color y ángulo Hue. Además, se midieron variables fisiotécnicas, químicas y actividad antioxidante. Resultados. Los tratamientos más adecuados fueron luz violeta de intensidades altas y medias; así como luz azul de alta intensidad, debido a que el porcentaje de germinación superó el 60 %. Las plántulas no se alargaron ni adelgazaron, presentaron las mayores áreas de cotiledones y concentraciones de clorofila. Además, estos tratamientos de luz consumieron en promedio 31,2 % menos energía eléctrica. Conclusiones. Además de la luz blanca, los tratamientos más adecuados para la formación de plántulas de fresa fueron la luz violeta a alta y media intensidad, así como la luz azul a alta intensidad. Se sugiere evaluar los tratamientos de luz violeta y azul en otros cultivares para confirmar el efecto positivo en las plántulas de fresa. La luz roja limitó la germinación y mostró mayor actividad antioxidante.

Abstract: Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are essential in optical communications to meet the increasing demand for network capacity and connected users, ensuring reliable and adaptable connections for data transmissions. These networks also simplify infrastructures and efficiently utilize energy by eliminating the need for active devices. In this context, Ultra- Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (UDWDM) is one of the most prominent solutions for data transmission. This technology uses the narrow separation between channels from 25GHz and even as small as 6.25GHz to increase the transmission capacity. This document analyzes the performance of UDWDM considering the transmission of three simultaneous channels in a PON network for which three different scenarios have been considered for the analysis with the following parameters: i) transmission speed from 10 Gbps to 17 Gbps, ii) the distance from 10 km to 20 km and iii) the separation between channels of 15GHz, 20GHz, and 25GHz. The performance metrics for the analyzed scenario are the bit error rate and the eye diagram. To ensure the reception of the transmitted channel, an analysis of raised cosine and Gauss filters is also discussed. Including these filters allows for verifying whether their use enhances the performance of the channels compared to transmission without a filter. This is crucial for understanding how filters can optimize the quality and reliability of data transmission in a PON, which is of great importance in environments where high efficiency and connection quality are required.

Resumen: Las redes ópticas pasivas (PON) son esenciales en las comunicaciones ópticas para satisfacer la creciente demanda de capacidad de red y usuarios conectados, garantizando conexiones fiables y adaptables para la transmisión de datos. Estas redes también ofrecen un uso eficiente de la energía y la simplificación de las infraestructuras, eliminando la necesidad de dispositivos activos. En este contexto, la multiplexación por división de longitud de onda ultradensa (UDWDM) es una de las soluciones más destacadas para la transmisión de datos; esta tecnología aprovecha la estrecha separación entre canales a partir de 25GHz e incluso de tan solo 6,25GHz para aumentar la capacidad de transmisión. Este documento analiza el rendimiento de UDWDM considerando la transmisión de tres canales simultáneos en una red PON para la que se han considerado tres escenarios diferentes para el análisis con los siguientes parámetros: i) velocidad de transmisión de 10 Gbps a 17 Gbps; ii) la distancia de 10 km a 20 km; y iii) la separación entre canales de 15GHz, 20GHz, y 25GHz. Las métricas de rendimiento para el escenario analizado son la tasa de errores de bit y el diagrama de ojo. Para garantizar la recepción del canal transmitido, también se analiza la utilización de filtros coseno elevado y Gauss. La inclusión de estos filtros permite comprobar si su uso mejora el rendimiento de los canales en comparación con la transmisión sin filtro. Esto es crucial para entender cómo los filtros pueden optimizar la calidad y fiabilidad de la transmisión de datos en una PON, lo que es de gran importancia en entornos donde se requiere una alta eficiencia y calidad de conexión.

Resumen: Los asfaltenos son mezclas ultracomplejas que impactan negativamente la refinación, producción y transporte del petróleo. El interés en su estudio abarca desde su caracterización para definir su estructura molecular, hasta la comprensión de su comportamiento interfacial. Los asfaltenos presentan una gran diversidad de grupos funcionales y diferentes tipos de asociaciones como las de tipo no covalentes, enlaces de hidrógeno, complejo de coordinación e interacciones entre núcleos aromáticos paralelos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la composición presente en asfaltenos extraídos de crudos pesados y extrapesados mediante espectroscopía derivada. Se prepararon soluciones de asfaltenos en el rango de concentración de 20 mg/L a 100 mg/L y se analizaron con espectroscopía UV-Vis. La selección de los espectros de orden cero para el procesamiento se realizó con base en la nitidez presente. Los espectros fueron procesados con OriginPro 8.5, para la obtención de espectros derivados de primer y segundo orden. El procesamiento de los espectros de orden cero fue realizado con los filtros Savitsky-Golay y transformada rápida de Fourier (FFT). Los espectros derivados obtenidos presentaron señales nítidas con presencia de poco ruido, lo que hizo posible la identificación de grupos funcionales aromáticos, de 1 a 4 anillos en el rango de longitudes onda de 200 nm a 450 nm. El uso de filtros mejoró la calidad de las señales y permitió la identificación de componentes y estructuras presentes en asfaltenos. El filtro de Savitsky-Golay incrementó la resolución de los espectros derivados de asfaltenos extraídos de crudos pesados y el filtro FFT de asfaltenos de crudos extrapesados. Se observaron diferencias morfológicas entre los asfaltenos extraídos de crudos pesados y extrapesados mediante SEM, que pueden ser relacionadas con la composición y estructuras aromáticas presentes en asfaltenos.

Abstract: Asphaltenes are ultra-complex mixtures that negatively impact oil refining, production and transportation. The interest in its study ranges from its characterization to define its molecular structure, to the understanding of its interfacial behavior. Asphaltenes present a great diversity of functional groups and different types of associations such as non-covalent ones, hydrogen bonds, coordination complexes and interactions between parallel aromatic nuclei. The objective of this work was to analyze the composition present in asphaltenes extracted from heavy and extra-heavy crude oils using derivative spectroscopy. Asphaltene solutions were prepared in the concentration range of 20 mg/L to 100 mg/L and analyzed with UV-Vis spectroscopy. The selection of zero-order spectra for processing was made based on the sharpness present. The spectra were subsequently processed with OriginPro 8.5, to obtain first and second-order derived spectra. The processing of the zero order spectra was performed with the Savitsky-Golay and Fast Fourier transform (FFT) filters. The derived spectra obtained presented clear signals with the presence of little noise, which made possible the identification of aromatic functional groups, from 1 to 4 rings in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 450 nm. The use of filters improved the quality of the signals and allowed the identification of components and structures present in asphaltenes. The Savitsky-Golay filter increased the resolution of the spectra derived from asphaltenes extracted from heavy crude oils and the FFT filter increased the asphaltenes extracted from heavy crude oils. Morphological differences between asphaltenes extracted from heavy and extra-heavy crude oils were observed by SEM, which maybe related to the composition and aromatic structures present in asphaltenes.

Resumo Objetivo: Revisar a eficácia e segurança do laser de picossegundo de neodímio dopado com ítrio, alumínio e granada (Nd:YAG) para a remoção de tatuagens cosméticas das sobrancelhas. Métodos: Esta foi uma revisão retrospectiva de janeiro de 2022 a agosto de 2023 de pacientes que se submeteram à remoção de tatuagens cosméticas das sobrancelhas com o laser de picossegundo Nd:YAG. Resultado: Um total de 24 pacientes foram incluídos na revisão. 70% dos pacientes foram classificados como “muito melhorados” (75-100% da tatuagem removida) e 30% foram classificados como “melhorados” (50-75% da tatuagem removida). O comprimento de onda de 1064 nm foi o primeiro utilizado em todos os casos. O número médio de sessões necessárias para obter resultados satisfatórios foi 3. Quatro pacientes tiveram uma mudança inesperada na cor principal das tatuagens das sobrancelhas após o primeiro tratamento, que foi tratada com sucesso com o comprimento de onda de 532 nm. Nenhum dos pacientes apresentou despigmentação, cicatrizes ou danos/descoloração dos pelos das sobrancelhas. Conclusão: O laser de picossegundo Nd:YAG é um tratamento eficaz e seguro para a remoção de tatuagens cosméticas das sobrancelhas.

Abstract Objective: To review the efficacy and safety of PS neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser for the removal of cosmetic tattoos of the eyebrows. Method: This was a retrospective review from January 2022 to August 2023 of patients who underwent cosmetic tattoo removal of the eyebrows with PS Nd:YAG laser. Results: A total of 24 patients were included in the review. 70% of patients were rated as “very much improved” (75-100% of the tattoo removed) and 30% of patients were rated “much improved” (50-75% of the tattoo removed). 1064-nm was the 1st wavelength used in all the cases. The average number of sessions required to obtain satisfactory results was 3. Four patients experienced unexpected change in their primary color of the eyebrow tattoos after the 1st treatment, which was successfully treated with 532-nm wavelength. None of the patients experienced dyspigmentation, scarring, or damage/bleaching of hairs of the eyebrows. Conclusion: PS Nd:YAG garnet laser is an effective and safe treatment for the removal of cosmetic tattoos of the eyebrows.

Abstract Introduction. A specialized service for antifungal blood level determination is not available in Colombia. This service is essential for the proper follow-up of antifungal therapies. Objective. To standardize and validate a simple, sensitive, and specific protocol based on high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector for voriconazole blood level quantification. Materials and methods. We used an Agilent HPLC™ series-1200 equipment with a UV- diode array detector with an analytical column Eclipse XDB-C18 and pre-column Eclipse- XDB-C18 (Agilent). We used voriconazole as the primary control and posaconazole as an internal control. We performed the validation following the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendations. Results. The best chromatographic conditions were: Column temperature of 25°C, UV variable wavelength detection at 256 nm for voriconazole and 261 nm for posaconazole (internal standard); 50 μl of injection volume, 0,8 ml/min volume flow, 10 minutes of run time, and mobile phase of acetonitrile:water (60:40). Finally, retention times were 3.13 for voriconazole and 5.16 minutes for posaconazole. Quantification range varied from 0.125 μg/ml to 16 μg/ml. Conclusion. The selectivity and chromatographic purity of the obtained signal, the detection limits, and the standardized quantification make this method an excellent tool for the therapeutic monitoring of patients treated with voriconazole.

Resumen Introducción. Hasta la fecha, Colombia no cuenta con un servicio especializado de medición de niveles séricos de antifúngicos, procedimiento esencial para el adecuado seguimiento del tratamiento de infecciones fúngicas invasoras. Objetivo. Estandarizar y validar un protocolo -simple, sensible y específico- basado en la aplicación de cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia acoplada con un detector de arreglo de diodos para la cuantificación de los niveles séricos de voriconazol. Materiales y métodos. Se usó un equipo HPLC-AgilentTM, serie-1200, con un detector UVDAD, una columna analítica Eclipse-XDB-C18 y una pre-columna Eclipse-XDB-C18, ambas de la marca Agilent. Como control primario se utilizó voriconazol y como control interno, posaconazol. La validación se hizo cumpliendo todos los criterios de aceptación recomendados por la Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Resultados. Las mejores condiciones cromatográficas se obtuvieron con los siguientes parámetros: temperatura de la columna de 25 °C, detección UV-VWD de 261 nm, volumen de inyección de 50 μl, flujo de 0,8 ml/minuto y un tiempo de corrido de 10 minutos. La fase móvil usada fue acetonitrilo:agua (60:40) y los tiempos finales de retención fueron de 3,13 para voriconazol y de 5,16 minutos para posaconazol. El rango de cuantificación fue desde 0,125 μg/ml hasta 16 μg/ml. Conclusiones. La selectividad y la pureza de la señal cromatográfica, así como los límites de detección y cuantificación estandarizados hacen de esta metodología una excelente herramienta para el seguimiento terapéutico de pacientes tratados con voriconazol o en profilaxis con este fármaco.

ABSTRACT Lamivudine is one of the most prescribed drugs in the world, and is used to treat human immunodeficiency and hepatitis B. This study aimed to evaluate the quality attributes and compare the dissolution profiles of two batches (A and B) of generic lamivudine 150 mg tablets with the innovator drug Epivir 150 mg tablets. We conducted an analytical, experimental, cross-sectional study, and used a spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of maximum absorption (λ) corresponding to 270 nm, to measure the percentage of dissolved drug. The study evaluated identification, content, dissolution and mass uniformity. Apparatus 2 USP (Paddle) 75 rpm, 900 mL of dissolution medium (37 ± 0.5 °C) was used in three dissolution media: pH 1.2; 4.5 and 6.8. Samples of 5 mL were obtained at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min. Both batches of generic lamivudine (A and B) were found to have the same dissolution kinetic profile as the innovator drug. Both formulations met the criteria of very fast dissolving (85% dissolved in 15 min), and fast dissolving (85% dissolved in 30 min) drugs. Therefore, it was not necessary to calculate the similarity factor. We concluded that generic drugs A and B are in vitro equivalents to the innovator drug Epivir.

RESUMEN La lamivudina es uno de los medicamentos más prescritos en el mundo, se utiliza para tratar la inmunodeficiencia humana y la hepatitis B. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los atributos de calidad y comparar los perfiles de disolución de dos lotes (A y B) del medicamento genérico lamivudina 150 mg tabletas con el medicamento innovador Epivir 150 mg tabletas. Se realizó un estudio analítico, experimental y de corte transversal, se usó un método espectrofotométrico a una longitud de onda de máxima absorción (λ) correspondiente a 270 nm, para medir el porcentaje de fármaco disuelto. El estudio evaluó identificación, contenido, disolución y uniformidad de masas. Se usó el aparato 2 USP (Paleta) 75 rpm, 900 mL de medio de disolución (37 ± 0,5 °C) a en tres medios de disolución: pH 1,2; 4,5 y 6,8. Se retiraron muestras de 5 mL a los 5, 10, 15, 20 y 30 min. Se encontró que ambos lotes de lamivudina genérico (A y B) presentan el mismo perfil cinético de disolución que el medicamento innovador. Ambas formulaciones cumplen con el criterio de medicamentos de disolución muy rápida (85% disuelto en 15 min), y de disolución rápida (85% disuelto en 30 min). Por lo tanto, no fue necesario calcular el factor de similitud. Se concluye que los medicamentos genéricos A y B son equivalentes in vitro con el medicamento innovador Epivir.

ABSTRACT The plastic film materials are a widely used agricultural means of production. Recently, two types of new agricultural film mulches are developed and are used popularly. They are ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and polyolefin (PO) film mulches. The transmittances of film mulches are related to thermal reservation and plant photosynthesis. We experimentally measure transmittances of several EVA and PO film mulches under different wavelengths. We also find that the transmittances of mulches vary with light intensity change at one wavelength. The variable transmittances for these mulches are also measured in experiments. These data measured can provides help for agricultural production and accurate numerical simulation for the establishment microclimate of plastic greenhouse, even the degradation of plastic films. Recently popularly ethylenevinyl ethylene vinyl (EVA (PO photosynthesis wavelengths wavelength experiments greenhouse films

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the vascular effects of photobiomodulation using a light-emitting diode on the chorioallantoic embryonic membrane of chicken eggs grouped into different times of exposure and to detect the morphological changes induced by the light on the vascular network architecture using quantitative metrics. Methods: We used a phototherapy device with light-emitting diode (670 nm wavelength) as the source of photobiomodulation. We applied the red light at a distance of 2.5 cm to the surface of the chorioallantoic embryonic membrane of chicken eggs in 2, 4, or 8 sessions for 90 s and analyzed the vascular network architecture using AngioTool software (National Cancer Institute, USA). We treated the negative control group with 50 μl phosphate-buffered-saline (pH 7.4) and the positive control group (Beva) with 50 μl bevacizumab solution (Avastin, Produtos Roche Químicos e Farmacêuticos, S.A., Brazil). Results: We found a decrease in total vessel length in the Beva group (24.96% ± 12.85%) and in all the groups that received 670 nm red light therapy (2× group, 34.66% ± 8.66%; 4× group, 42.42% ± 5.26%; 8× group, 38.48% ± 6.96%), compared with the negative control group. The fluence of 5.4 J/cm2 in 4 sessions (4×) showed more regular vessels. The number of junctions in the groups that received a higher incidence of 670 nm red light (4× and 8×) significantly decreased (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Photo-biomodulation helps reduce vascularization in chorioallantoic embryonic membrane of chicken eggs and changes in the network architecture. Our results open the possibility of future clinical studies on using this therapy in patients with retinal diseases with neovascular components, especially age-related macular degeneration. Purpose lightemitting emitting metrics Methods (67 wavelength 25 2 5 2. 9 National Institute USA. USA . USA) phosphatebufferedsaline phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4 74 7 (Beva Avastin, Avastin (Avastin Farmacêuticos SA S A S.A. Brazil. Brazil Brazil) Results 24.96% 2496 24 96 (24.96 12.85% 1285 12 85 67 2× (2 3466 34 66 34.66 8.66% 866 4242 42 42.42 5.26% 526 26 3848 38 48 38.48 6.96%, 696 6.96% , 6 6.96%) 54 5. Jcm2 Jcm J cm2 J/cm vessels (4 p<0.0001. p00001 p p<0.0001 0 0001 (p<0.0001) Conclusion Photobiomodulation Photo biomodulation components agerelated age related degeneration (6 7. S.A 24.96 249 (24.9 12.85 128 1 ( 346 3 34.6 8.66 86 424 42.4 5.26 52 384 38.4 69 6.96 p0000 p<0.000 000 (p<0.0001 24.9 (24. 12.8 34. 8.6 42. 5.2 38. 6.9 p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.000 24. (24 12. 8. 6. p00 p<0.0 (p<0.00 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar os efeitos vasculares da foto-biomodulação com diodo emissor de luz utilizando membrana embrionária corioalantóide de ovos de galinhas em grupos com diferentes tempos de exposição e detectar as alterações morfológicas por meio de métricas quantitativas promovidas pela luz na arquitetura da rede vascular. Métodos: Um aparelho de fototerapia com diodo emissor de luz no comprimento de onda de 670 nm foi usado como fonte de fotobiomodulação. A luz vermelha foi aplicada a uma distância de 2,5 cm da superfície da membrana embrionária corioalantóide em 2, 4 ou 8 sessões de 90 s a arquitetura da rede vascular foi analisada por meio do software AngioTool (National Cancer Institute, USA). Usamos um grupo controle negativo tratado com 50 µL de solução salina tamponada com fosfato (PBS) pH 7,4 e um grupo controle positivo (Beva) tratado com 50 µL de solução de bevacizumabe (Avastin, Produtos Roche Químicos e Farmacêuticos S.A., Brasil). Resultados: Uma diminuição no comprimento total do vaso foi detectada para o grupo Beva (24,96 ± 12,85%), e para todos os grupos que receberam terapia de luz vermelha de 670 nm, 34,66 ± 8,66% (2x), 42,42 ± 5,26% (4x) e 38,48 ± 6,96% (8x) em comparação ao grupo controle. A incidência de 5,4 J/cm2 em 4 sessões (4x) mostrou vasos mais regulares. A redução foi mais intensa nos grupos que receberam maior incidência de luz vermelha de 670 nm (4x e 8x). Conclusão: A fotobiomodulação contribui para a redução da vascularização nos vasos da membrana embrionária corioalantóide de ovos de galinhas e mudanças na arquitetura da rede. Os achados deste experimento abrem a possibilidade de considerar um estudo clínico usando esta terapia em pacientes com doenças retinais com componentes neovasculares, especialmente degeneração macular relacionada à idade. Objetivo foto biomodulação Métodos 67 25 2 5 9 National Institute USA. USA . USA) PBS (PBS 74 7 7, (Beva Avastin, Avastin (Avastin SA S S.A. Brasil. Brasil Brasil) Resultados 24,96 2496 24 96 (24,9 12,85%, 1285 12,85% , 12 85 12,85%) 3466 34 66 34,6 866 8,66 2x, 2x x (2x) 4242 42 42,4 526 26 5,26 4x 3848 38 48 38,4 696 6 6,96 8x (8x 54 5, Jcm2 Jcm J cm2 J/cm regulares 8x. 8x) Conclusão neovasculares idade S.A 24,9 249 (24, 128 12,85 1 346 3 34, 86 8,6 (2x 424 42, 52 5,2 384 38, 69 6,9 24, (24 12,8 8, 6, (2 12, (

Abstract Oral soft tissue lesions require a precise diagnosis by oral biopsy with the ability to recognize these lesions within histopathological levels, so the instrument used for the incisions should be safe and cause little to no harm to the surrounding tissue. Objective This study compared a dual-wavelength diode laser and an Er, Cr:YSGG laser in oral soft tissue incisions to determine the most effective and safest laser system at the histopathological level. Methodology The (810 and 980 nm) dual-wavelength diode laser was used at 1.5 W and 2.5 W (CW) power settings, and the (2780 nm) Er, Cr:YSGG laser was used at 2.5 W and 3.5 W (PW) power settings. Both laser systems were used to incise the tissues of freshly dissected sheep tongue pieces to obtain the following histopathological criteria: epithelial tissue changes, connective tissue changes, and lateral thermal damage extent by optical microscopy. Results The epithelial and connective tissue damage scores were significantly higher in the dual-wavelength diode laser groups than in the Er, Cr:YSGG laser groups (P<0.001), and there was a significant difference between some groups. The extent of lateral thermal damage was also significantly higher in the diode laser groups than in the Er, Cr: YSGG laser groups (P<0.001), and there was a significant difference between groups. Group 2 (2.5 W) of the diode laser was the highest for all three criteria, while group 3 (2.5 W) of the Er, Cr:YSGG laser was the lowest. Conclusion The Er, Cr:YSGG laser with an output power of 2.5 W is, histologically, the most effective and safest laser for oral soft tissue incision. The dual-wavelength diode laser causes more damage than the Er, Cr:YSGG laser, but it can be used with a low output power and 1 mm safety distance in excisional biopsy. levels dualwavelength dual wavelength Er CrYSGG Cr level 810 (81 98 nm 15 5 1. 25 2. CW (CW settings 2780 (278 35 3. PW (PW criteria changes microscopy P<0.001, P0001 P P<0.001 , 0 001 (P<0.001) (2. lowest is histologically incision 81 (8 9 278 (27 P000 P<0.00 00 (P<0.001 (2 8 ( 27 P00 P<0.0 (P<0.00 P0 P<0. (P<0.0 P<0 (P<0. P< (P<0 (P< (P

Abstract This paper presents a study on Active Frenquency Selective Surface (AFSS) for applications in modern wireless communication systems. Initially, an FSS with an element inspired by convoluted metallic lines printed on a dielectric substrate of FR-4 is proposed. The unit cell size is equal to 10.2 % of the wavelength in free space for the frequency of 1.53 GHz. An equivalent circuit model is proposed to better understand the operating principle of the FSS. Four Schottky diodes have been inserted in a symmetrical manner for switching, and three operating states are analyzed (all diodes in off state, all diodes directly polarized and therefore conducting, and two diodes conducting and two diodes off). The reconfiguration allows the frequency response to vary between frequencies from 0.8 GHz to 2.5 GHz. The FSS proved to be stable with respect to the angle of incidence of the plane wave on the circuit surface. The simulated numerical results for the designed prototype was obtained by ANSYS HFSS software. The prototype was built and the experimental characterization of the transmission coefficients, bandwidth and resonance frequency was performed. The values obtained in the experiment were compared and discussed with the simulation results, which showed good agreement. AFSS (AFSS systems Initially FR4 FR 4 FR- 102 10 2 10. 153 1 53 1.5 switching state off. . off) 08 0 8 0. 25 5 2. surface software coefficients performed agreement 15 1.

ABSTRACT: It is known that floriculture is very important for the world economic scenario. Nevertheless, the vase life of cut flowers is determined by a short time span. This study evaluated the spectral behavior during leaf degradation of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) flower stems in the postharvest, in different preservative solutions, and estimating its leaf pigments by hyperspectral data. Lisianthus floral stems were subjected to preservative solutions with different concentrations of sucrose, glucose, phytohormones and deionized water. Leaves from these stems were collected every 4 days for further hyperspectral analysis. Spectra was determined in laboratory with a sensor collecting at the range of 350-2500 nm. In order to analyze the use of the spectra to detect the performance of the preservative solutions, statistical tests were used at each wavelength. Pigment prediction was assessed by the CAR/CLF ratio (Ratio between Carotenoids and Chlorophyll) from the spectral curves, using PLSR and RRMSE. The glucose-based solutions registered positive effects on the preservation of floral stems, especially at the dose of 180 g/L. The solutions based on sucrose and phytohormones registered similarities in the spectral curves among the doses, demonstrating equality in leaf preservation. The discriminant analyses demonstrated there was statistical difference in the spectral responses in the doses for each solution used. The CAR/CLF ratio had reasonable coefficients of 0.6 and RRMSE below 6.99%. The hyperspectral analyses presented a potential for the evaluation of leaf degradation in lisianthus floral stems in different pulsing solutions used in the postharvest. ABSTRACT scenario Nevertheless span Eustoma grandiflorum postharvest data glucose water analysis 3502500 350 2500 350-250 nm wavelength CARCLF CAR CLF Ratio Chlorophyll glucosebased 18 gL g L g/L 06 0 6 0. 699 99 6.99% 350250 35 250 350-25 1 69 9 6.99 35025 3 25 350-2 6.9 3502 2 350- 6.

RESUMO: Sabe-se que a floricultura é muito importante para o cenário econômico mundial, porém a vida útil de vaso das flores de corte é determinada por um pequeno intervalo de tempo. O estudo procurou avaliar o comportamento espectral durante a degradação foliar de hastes florais de lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) na pós-colheita, em diferentes soluções conservantes, e estimar pigmentos foliares a partir dos dados hiperespectrais. As hastes florais de lisianthus foram submetidas a soluções conservantes de diferentes concentrações de sacarose, glicose, distintos fitormônios e água deionizada. Foram coletadas folhas dessas hastes a cada quatro dias para posterior análise hiperespectral. A fim de analisar o uso dos espectros para detectar o desempenho das soluções conservantes, foi utilizado testes estatísticos em cada comprimento de onda entre estas soluções. Foi avaliado a predição de pigmentos através da razão CAR/CLF (Razão entre Carotenoides e Clorofila) a partir das curvas espectrais, tendo o PLSR e RRMSE como indicadores da eficiência dos resultados. As soluções a base de glicose registraram efeitos positivos na conservação das hastes florais principalmente na dose de 180 g/L. Já as soluções a base de sacarose e fitormônios registraram semelhanças nas curvas espectrais entre as doses, mostrando-se igualdade na conservação das folhas. As análises discriminantes demostraram que houve diferença estatística nas respostas espectrais nas doses para cada solução utilizada. A razão CAR/CLF teve coeficientes razoáveis de 0,6 e RRMSE abaixo de 6,99%. As análises hiperespectrais apresentaram potencial na avaliação da degradação foliar de hastes florais de lisianthus em diferentes soluções pulsing utilizadas na pós-colheita. RESUMO Sabese Sabe se mundial tempo Eustoma grandiflorum póscolheita, póscolheita pós colheita, colheita pós-colheita deionizada hiperespectral CARCLF CAR CLF Razão Clorofila resultados 18 gL g L g/L mostrandose mostrando utilizada 06 0 6 0, 699 99 6,99% póscolheita. colheita. 1 69 9 6,99 6,9 6,

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) repairs bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) modulated by the reduction of NF-kB protein in a murine model. Methodology Male Wistar rats (N=30) were divided into the following groups (n=6/group): negative control (NC); experimental osteonecrosis (ONE); ONE + photosensitizer (PS); ONE + photobiomodulation (PBM); and ONE + aPDT. Over 8 weeks, ONE was induced by zoledronic acid 250 µg/kg injections, except in the NC group, which received sterile 0.9% saline, followed by extraction of the lower left first molar. Red light laser irradiation (wavelength ~660 nm, power 50 mW, energy of 2 J, energy dose of 66.67 J/cm2 for 40 s) was performed once a week for 4 weeks. Methylene blue 0.3% was used as PS. The animals were euthanized and examined macroscopically for the presence of exposed bone and epithelial repair and microscopically by histochemical (hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining) and immunohistochemical (anti-NF-kB) methods. Macroscopic and histomorphometric data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-test (p<0.05). Results Mucosal repair, viable osteocytes, and NF-kB immunostaining were observed in the NC, ONE+PS, ONE+PBM, and ONE+aPDT groups. The ONE group showed no mucosal repair, showing empty lacunae and multifocal immunostaining for NF-kB. The ONE+PBM and ONE+aPDT groups had greater deposition of extracellular matrix and less necrotic bone tissue (p<0.05). Conclusion PBM and aPDT treatments for BRONJ were effective for bone and epithelial repair, in addition to reducing inflammation mediated by the decrease of NF-kB protein in the irradiated regions. (aPDT bisphosphonaterelated bisphosphonate related (BRONJ NFkB NF kB model N=30 N30 N 30 (N=30 n=6/group n6group ngroup n 6 (n=6/group) (NC) (ONE) PS (PS) (PBM) weeks 25 µgkg µg kg injections 09 0 9 0.9 saline molar wavelength 660 ~66 nm 5 mW J 6667 66 67 66.6 Jcm2 Jcm cm2 cm J/cm s 03 3 0.3 hematoxylineosin hematoxylin eosin Massons Masson staining antiNFkB anti (anti-NF-kB methods oneway one way Tukeys Tukey posttest post test p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 . 05 (p<0.05) osteocytes ONEPS ONE+PS ONEPBM ONEaPDT NFkB. kB. regions N=3 N3 (N=3 (n=6/group (NC (ONE (PS (PBM 0. ~6 666 66. p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 N= (N= ~ p0 p<0. (p<0.0 (N p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Two novel coordination polymers were synthesized through the reaction of the Hpcpa2- ligand (H3pcpa = N-(4-carboxyphenyl)oxamic acid) with cadmium(II) and lead(II) metal ions, yielding [Cd2(Hpcpa)2(H2O)6]n·H2O (1) and [Pb(Hpcpa)(H2O)]n (2). Structural analysis by single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that 1 consists of one-dimensional zigzag polymeric chains, while 2 is a three-dimensional polymer network. Additionally, investigations of their optical properties were carried out in a comparative study involving the previously reported pcpa-based coordination polymers {[Zn(Hpcpa)(H2O)3]·0.5H2O}n and {[Gd2(Hpcpa)3(H2O)5]·H2O}n], called here as 3 and 4, respectively. Under 330 nm excitation wavelength, all compounds exhibited broad emission bands spanning from 350 to 650 nm. Particularly, 1 and 3 displayed notable external quantum yields of 15.4 and 12.8%, respectively, highlighting their potential in luminescent applications. Hpcpa2 Hpcpa H3pcpa H pcpa N4carboxyphenyloxamic Ncarboxyphenyloxamic N 4 carboxyphenyl oxamic acid cadmiumII cadmium II cadmium(II leadII lead lead(II ions Cd2Hpcpa2H2O6n·H2O Cd2Hpcpa2H2O6nH2O CdHpcpaHOnHO Cd2 H2O 6 n·H2O n Cd O (1 PbHpcpaH2On PbHpcpaHOn Pb 2. . (2) singlecrystal single crystal Xray X ray onedimensional one dimensional chains threedimensional three network Additionally pcpabased based ZnHpcpaH2O3·0.5H2On ZnHpcpaH2O305H2On ZnHpcpaHOHOn Zn ·0.5H2O 0 5H2O Gd2Hpcpa3H2O5·H2On, Gd2Hpcpa3H2O5H2On GdHpcpaHOHOn Gd2 5 ·H2O , Gd {[Gd2(Hpcpa)3(H2O)5]·H2O}n] respectively 33 wavelength 35 65 Particularly 154 15 15. 128 12 8 12.8% applications carboxyphenyloxamic Cd2Hpcpa2H2O6n nH HO nH2O nHO ( PbHpcpaH On (2 ZnHpcpaH2O3 5H2On ZnHpcpaH 05H2O Gd2Hpcpa3H2O5 H2On Gd2Hpcpa3H2O5·H2On {[Gd2(Hpcpa)3(H2O)5]·H2O}n 12.8 CdHpcpaHOn ZnHpcpaHO ZnHpcpaH2O HOn GdHpcpaHO Gd2Hpcpa3H2O 12.

Fluorescence spectroscopy is an extremely sensitive analytical technique that has been widely used to elucidate problems that require low detection limits. Although fluorescence spectroscopy is widespread in industry and academia, there is a lack of teaching materials demonstrating its basic principles, as well as the influence of instrumental parameters involved in the technique, which limit its correct use and the full potential of it. For this reason, this work aims to explore the principles of fluorescence spectroscopy and correlate them in function of different instrumental variables to carry out a fluorescence experiment. The spectrofluorometer parameters such as the excitation wavelength, excitation and emission slits, step, integration time, detection geometry as well as concentration of the samples were varied to illustrate how the best resulting spectra can be registered free of artifacts. To do so, two organic dyes with structured vibronic bands (pyrene) and another with unstructured bands (rhodamine 6G) were used. Another study carried out involved the use of 3D spectra, excitation/emission spectra, of cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots. In this case, it was possible to show the excitation spectrum of nanomaterials, collecting emissions at different wavelengths, as well as analyzing the particle size distribution. limits academia reason experiment wavelength slits step time artifacts so pyrene (pyrene rhodamine 6G G D excitationemission CdTe (CdTe dots case nanomaterials wavelengths distribution

ABSTRACT Lamivudine is one of the most prescribed drugs in the world, and is used to treat human immunodeficiency and hepatitis B. This study aimed to evaluate the quality attributes and compare the dissolution profiles of two batches (A and B) of generic lamivudine 150 mg tablets with the innovator drug Epivir 150 mg tablets. We conducted an analytical, experimental, cross-sectional study, and used a spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of maximum absorption (λ) corresponding to 270 nm, to measure the percentage of dissolved drug. The study evaluated identification, content, dissolution and mass uniformity. Apparatus 2 USP (Paddle) 75 rpm, 900 mL of dissolution medium (37 ± 0.5 °C) was used in three dissolution media: pH 1.2; 4.5 and 6.8. Samples of 5 mL were obtained at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min. Both batches of generic lamivudine (A and B) were found to have the same dissolution kinetic profile as the innovator drug. Both formulations met the criteria of very fast dissolving (85% dissolved in 15 min), and fast dissolving (85% dissolved in 30 min) drugs. Therefore, it was not necessary to calculate the similarity factor. We concluded that generic drugs A and B are in vitro equivalents to the innovator drug Epivir.

RESUMEN La lamivudina es uno de los medicamentos más prescritos en el mundo, se utiliza para tratar la inmunodeficiencia humana y la hepatitis B. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los atributos de calidad y comparar los perfiles de disolución de dos lotes (A y B) del medicamento genérico lamivudina 150 mg tabletas con el medicamento innovador Epivir 150 mg tabletas. Se realizó un estudio analítico, experimental y de corte transversal, se usó un método espectrofotométrico a una longitud de onda de máxima absorción (λ) correspondiente a 270 nm, para medir el porcentaje de fármaco disuelto. El estudio evaluó identificación, contenido, disolución y uniformidad de masas. Se usó el aparato 2 USP (Paleta) 75 rpm, 900 mL de medio de disolución (37 ± 0,5 °C) a en tres medios de disolución: pH 1,2; 4,5 y 6,8. Se retiraron muestras de 5 mL a los 5, 10, 15, 20 y 30 min. Se encontró que ambos lotes de lamivudina genérico (A y B) presentan el mismo perfil cinético de disolución que el medicamento innovador. Ambas formulaciones cumplen con el criterio de medicamentos de disolución muy rápida (85% disuelto en 15 min), y de disolución rápida (85% disuelto en 30 min). Por lo tanto, no fue necesario calcular el factor de similitud. Se concluye que los medicamentos genéricos A y B son equivalentes in vitro con el medicamento innovador Epivir.