Abstract This article analyzes the challenge that China faces in achieving its goal of a high economic growth rate for the XIV Five-Year Economic and Social Development Plan (FYESDP) 2021- 2025 period, given the context of uncertainty that the global economy is still experiencing, and the domestic conditions that the country is going through after the second wave of COVID-19 contagion in the second half of 2022. The hypothesis is that China has managed to register an economic growth rate in accordance with the targets planned in the XIV FYESDP period between 2021 and 2023, thanks to the use of an ad hoc of instruments and variables of the economic policy.

Resumen En este artículo, se analiza el desafío al que se enfrenta China, para alcanzar su meta de lograr una alta tasa de crecimiento económico para el periodo del XIV Plan Quinquenal de Desarrollo Económico y Social (PQDEyS) 2021-2025, dado el contexto de incertidumbre que aún experimenta la economía global y las condiciones internas que registra este país, luego de atravesar la segunda ola de contagios de COVID-19 en el segundo semestre de 2022. Se plantea la hipótesis que China ha logrado registrar una tasa de crecimiento económico entre los años 2021 y 2023 acorde a la planeada en el periodo del XIV PQDEyS, gracias al uso de los instrumentos y variables de una política económica ad hoc.

ABSTRACT Objective: To longitudinally assess domestic violence (DV) during the postpartum period, identifying types, patterns and determinants of DV, according to mothers’ reports in Fortaleza, Brazil. Methods: Data from the Iracema-COVID cohort study interviewed at home mothers who gave birth in the first wave of COVID-19, at 18 and 24 months after birth. Patterns of reported DV were classified as follows: no DV, interrupted DV, started DV and persistent DV. Adjusted multinomial logistic regressions were used to assess factors associated with persistent DV. Results: DV was reported by 19 and 24% of the mothers at 18 and 24 months postpartum, respectively, a 5 percentage points increase. Persistent DV was present in 11% of the households in the period. The most frequent forms of DV were verbal aggression, reported by 17–20% of the mothers at 18 and 24 months, respectively; drunkenness or use of drugs at home, present in 3–5% of the households; physical aggression, reported by 1.2–1.6% of the mothers. Households with two or more forms of DV increased from 2 to 12% in the period. Adjusted factors associated with persistent DV were maternal common mental disorder, family headed by the mother and head of family’s poor schooling. Food insecurity was associated with starting DV. Conclusion: Prevalence of DV was considerably high in the postpartum period. DV prevention policies should rely on improving care to women’s mental health; preventing food insecurity; and fostering the educational level of young people of both sexes.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a violência doméstica (VD) longitudinalmente no período pós-parto, identificando tipos, padrões e determinantes de VD, segundo relatos de mães em Fortaleza, Brasil. Métodos: O estudo de coorte Iracema-COVID entrevistou em casa mães que pariram na primeira onda de COVID-19, aos 18 e 24 meses após o parto. Os padrões de VD relatados foram classificados da seguinte forma: VD inexistente, VD interrompida, VD iniciada e VD persistente. Regressões logísticas multinomiais brutas e ajustadas com variância robusta foram utilizadas para avaliar os fatores associados à VD persistente. Resultados: A VD foi relatada por 19–24% das mães aos 18 e 24 meses pós-parto, respectivamente, mostrando um aumento de 5 pontos percentuais. Em 11% dos domicílios a VD persistente esteve presente no período. As formas de VD incluíram agressão verbal, relatada por 17–20% das mães; embriaguez ou uso de drogas em casa, presente em 3-5% das residências; agressão física, relatada por 1,2–1,6% das mães. Residências com duas ou mais formas de VD aumentaram de 2 para 12% no período. Fatores de risco ajustados associados à VD persistente foram: transtorno mental comum materno, família chefiada pela mãe e baixa escolaridade do chefe de família. Insegurança alimentar esteve associada à VD iniciada. Conclusão: A prevalência de VD foi consideravelmente alta no período pós-parto. Políticas de prevenção de VD devem se basear em intervenções que visem melhorar a atenção à saúde mental das mulheres; combater a insegurança alimentar; e promover o nível educacional de jovens de ambos os sexos.

Resumen La investigación tiene como objetivo proponer el mejoramiento de una vivienda construida con fondos de remesas por migrantes de Oaxaca en México, para incrementar sus condiciones de habitabilidad mediante estrategias bioclimáticas pasivas. Para lo anterior, se llevó a cabo una fase diagnóstica del sitio en la agencia Guadalupe Victoria en la región mixteca de Oaxaca, particularizando la caracterización de casas que construyen las personas que emigran a los Estados Unidos. Lo anterior, para seleccionar el caso de estudio de una vivienda de remesas sobre la cual se realizó un análisis termofísico de los sistemas constructivos con las que fue edificada, el cual se complementó con una simulación térmica con el software Ener-Habitat. Posteriormente se llevó a cabo un estudio higrotérmico de la vivienda referida colocando registradores de temperatura tipo HOBOS data logger RH2 en su interior durante el periodo de calor de la zona (mayo y junio 2021). Como resultado se obtuvo que la vivienda de remesas en estudio está descontextualizada al clima de la zona, y requiere adecuaciones en su envolvente para mejorar el confort en su interior. Para mejorar las condiciones de habitabilidad de esta vivienda se propusieron: paneles de “totomoxtle” (hoja del maíz) en muros y cubiertas con aplanado de yeso. Con esta estrategia pasiva se obtienen valores de 63% de amortiguamiento de onda térmica y un desfase de 8 horas en el sistema muro, en tanto que para el sistema techo se alcanzan valores de 100% y 11.5 horas respectivamente. Así mismo se propone la adecuación de un invernadero orientado al Sur-Este, la conducción de calor de estufa Patsari en cocina y comedor e incrementar aleros de 80 cm en techos, garantizando con ello que se mejoren las condiciones de habitabilidad de la vivienda estudiada beneficiando a la familia Gonzáles García propietaria de la casa.

Resumo O objetivo da pesquisa é propor a melhoria de uma casa construída com fundos de remessas por migrantes de Oaxaca, no México, para melhorar suas condições de vida por meio de estratégias bioclimáticas passivas. Para isso, foi realizada uma fase de diagnóstico do local na agência Guadalupe Victoria na região Mixtec de Oaxaca, especificando a caracterização de casas construídas por pessoas que imigram para os Estados Unidos. O anterior, para selecionar o estudo de caso de uma casa de remessas na qual foi realizada uma análise termofísica dos sistemas construtivos com os quais foi construída, complementada com uma simulação térmica com o software Ener-Habitat. Posteriormente, foi realizado um estudo higrotérmico da referida casa, colocando no seu interior registradores de temperatura do tipo HOBOS data logger RH2 durante o período quente na área (maio e junho de 2021). Como resultado, obteve-se que a habitação de remessa em estudo está descontextualizada ao clima da zona, e requer ajustes na sua envolvente para melhorar o conforto interior. Para melhorar as condições de habitabilidade desta casa, foram feitas as seguintes propostas: painéis totomoxtle (folha de milho) nas paredes e reboco revestido. Com esta estratégia passiva obtêm-se valores de 63% de amortecimento das ondas térmicas e um atraso de 8 horas no sistema de paredes, enquanto para o sistema de coberturas atingem-se valores de 100% e 11,5 horas, respetivamente. Da mesma forma, propõe-se a adaptação de uma estufa virada a Sudeste, a condução de calor do fogão Patsari na cozinha e sala de jantar e o aumento de beirais de 80 cm nos tectos, garantindo assim que as condições de habitabilidade da habitação estudada sejam melhoradas, beneficiando à família González García proprietária da casa.

Abstract The objective of the research is to propose the improvement of a house built with remittance funds by migrants from Oaxaca in Mexico to increase their living conditions through passive bioclimatic strategies. For this, a diagnostic phase of the site was carried out in the Guadalupe Victoria agency in the Mixtec region of Oaxaca, specifying the characterization of houses built by people who immigrate to the United States. The above, to select the case study of a remittance house on which a thermophysical analysis of the construction systems with which it was built was carried out, which was complemented with a thermal simulation with the Ener-Habitat software. Subsequently, a hygrothermal study of the home was carried out, placing HOBOS data logger RH2 type temperature recorders inside it during the hot period in the area (May and June 2021). As a result, it was obtained that the remittance housing under study is decontextualized to the climate of the area, and requires adjustments in its envelope to improve comfort inside. To improve the habitability conditions of this house, the following proposals were made: “totomoxtle” (corn leaf) panels on the walls and covered with plaster. With this passive strategy, values of 63% of thermal wave damping and a lag of 8 hours are obtained in the wall system, while for the roof system values of 100% and 11.5 hours are reached, respectively. Likewise, it is proposed the adaptation of a greenhouse facing South-East, the heat conduction of the Patsari stove in the kitchen and dining room, and increasing 80 cm eaves in ceilings, thus guaranteeing that the habitability conditions of the studied dwelling are improved, benefiting to the González García family that owns the house.

INTRODUCTION: The Covid-19 pandemic impacted the wellness of health professionals around the world. In order to ensure that healthcare systems are sustainably able to provide services during times of emergency, the health and wellness of health professionals should be safeguarded. The researchers were interested in exploring the impact of the first wave of the pandemic on the holistic wellness of South African occupational therapists and to identify strategies therapists employed to facilitate their own wellness. METHOD: The study followed a qualitative research design with phenomenological characteristics. Two asynchronous (text-based) online focus groups were conducted, each with eight participants. Participants providing occupational therapy services in different fields of practice and in different contexts were purposefully selected. Participants in both groups were asked a series of five questions in an online forum over a period of six days. Two researchers facilitated interaction within the groups to encourage in depth discussions. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The data were analysed by means of deductive thematic analysis, whereby the dimensions of holistic wellness were used to guide analysis. The results illustrate the pervasive influence the COVID-19 pandemic had on the wellness of South African occupational therapists. CONCLUSION: Lessons learnt are discussed to facilitate the preparedness of South African occupational therapists for future pandemics. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE • Occupational therapists should endeavour to prioritise their own wellness to the best of their abilities. • Occupational therapists should utilise familiar strategies to facilitate their own wellness during future highly stressful times, such as during future pandemics or states of emergency. • Occupational therapists may be excellently positioned to facilitate the fostering of wellness of other H Ps in the professional team.

Abstract The aim was to examine the exogenous supply of progesterone, and the influence of the corpus luteum (CL) at the beginning of the estrus synchronization protocols in sheep, for 6 and 11 days, on reproductive variables. The sheep were presynchronized to obtain a premature or functional CL at the beginning of the synchronization period to be evaluated. Estrus presentation was lower in short treatments; This triggered a difference (p < 0.05) in pregnancy rate between short and conventional treatments. On the day of estrus, steroid concentration was different: progesterone was higher in short treatments; while estradiol was lower in the short treatment with CL. The presence of a premature or functional CL at the initiation of the treatments commonly used to synchronize estrus does not modify the expression of the reproductive variables; Nevertheless, in short treatments the expression is affected. It is important to use ultrasonography to corroborate what happened at the ovarian level.

Resumen El objetivo fue evaluar el aporte exógeno de progesterona, y la influencia del cuerpo lúteo (CL) al iniciar protocolos de sincronización de estros en ovejas, por 6 y 11 días, sobre las variables reproductivas. Las ovejas fueron presincronizadas para obtener un CL inmaduro o funcional al iniciar el periodo de sincronización a evaluar. La presentación de estros fue baja en tratamientos cortos; esto desencadenó discrepancias (p < 0.05) en porcentaje de gestación de tratamientos de 6 días y los tradicionales de 11 días. El día del estro la concentración de esteroides fue diferente, progesterona fue mayor en tratamientos cortos; mientras que estradiol fue menor en el tratamiento corto con CL. La presencia de un CL inmaduro o funcional al iniciar tratamientos para sincronizar estro convencionales no modifica la expresión de las variables reproductivas; sin embargo, en tratamientos cortos la expresión se ve afectada. Es importante el uso de ultrasonografía para corroborar lo que pasa a nivel ovárico.

Resumo Diversos estudos sobre o enfrentamento da COVID-19 vêm sendo desenvolvidos em vários países. Contudo, são escassos aqueles que comparam casos correspondentes à primeira onda da epidemia em período próximo com respostas e desfechos distintos. Assim, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa para analisar as experiências da Itália e do Vietnã no enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19 durante a primeira onda da doença, buscando identificar as contribuições dos sistemas de saúde e de vigilância, bem como as especificidades das medidas adotadas em cada país. Foram utilizadas bases de dados comuns, complementando-se o material empírico referente às publicações com documentos oriundos de sites oficiais dos dois países. Os resultados da presente pesquisa permitem identificar que Vietnã e Itália adotaram estratégias distintas de enfretamento da pandemia, com focos na contenção e mitigação, respectivamente, com medidas específicas que fizeram a diferença no número de casos e óbitos de cada país.

Abstract Several studies on the fight against COVID-19 have been developed in various countries. However, there are few studies that compare cases corresponding to the first wave of the epidemic in a close period and with different responses and outcomes. Therefore, an integrative review was conducted to analyze the experiences of Italy and Vietnam in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic during the first wave of the disease, seeking to identify the contributions of the health and surveillance systems as well as the specificities of the measures adopted in each country. Common databases were used and the empirical material related to publications was supplemented with documents from the official websites of both countries. The results of this study show that Vietnam and Italy adopted different strategies to deal with COVID-19, containment and mitigation, respectively, with specific measures that made a difference in the number of cases and deaths in each country.

Abstract Several studies on the fight against COVID-19 have been developed in various countries. However, there are few studies that compare cases corresponding to the first wave of the epidemic in a close period and with different responses and outcomes. Therefore, an integrative review was conducted to analyze the experiences of Italy and Vietnam in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic during the first wave of the disease, seeking to identify the contributions of the health and surveillance systems as well as the specificities of the measures adopted in each country. Common databases were used and the empirical material related to publications was supplemented with documents from the official websites of both countries. The results of this study show that Vietnam and Italy adopted different strategies to deal with COVID-19, containment and mitigation, respectively, with specific measures that made a difference in the number of cases and deaths in each country.

Resumo Diversos estudos sobre o enfrentamento da COVID-19 vêm sendo desenvolvidos em vários países. Contudo, são escassos aqueles que comparam casos correspondentes à primeira onda da epidemia em período próximo com respostas e desfechos distintos. Assim, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa para analisar as experiências da Itália e do Vietnã no enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19 durante a primeira onda da doença, buscando identificar as contribuições dos sistemas de saúde e de vigilância, bem como as especificidades das medidas adotadas em cada país. Foram utilizadas bases de dados comuns, complementando-se o material empírico referente às publicações com documentos oriundos de sites oficiais dos dois países. Os resultados da presente pesquisa permitem identificar que Vietnã e Itália adotaram estratégias distintas de enfretamento da pandemia, com focos na contenção e mitigação, respectivamente, com medidas específicas que fizeram a diferença no número de casos e óbitos de cada país.

RESUMEN El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar los cambios de la altura de la ola significativa (Hsig) en las costas cubanas durante el período 1950-2022, como contribución a los estudios de variabilidad climática que se desarrollan en el país, en el marco de la Tarea Vida. Se emplearon los datos de Hsig provenientes del reanálisis ERA5 con resoluciones temporal de 6 h y espacial de 0.5⁰ de latitud por ese orden, así como los índices NAO (Oscilación del Atlántico Norte, por sus siglas en inglés) y el ENOS (El Niño- Oscilación del Sur) referido al índice Niño3.4. Además, se aplicaron índices extremos para la detección del cambio climático referido a Hsig en el archipiélago cubano. Los resultados arrojan cambios estadísticamente significativos en el régimen normal de Hsig, para el 5% a partir de 1981 en todas las costas cubanas, excepto desde Cabo San Antonio hasta Punta Maternillos; así como una tendencia lineal anual creciente de Hsig en todas las costas cubanas hasta 0.002 m/año. Se concluye que la variabilidad interanual de Hsig en las costas cubanas tiene una mayor correlación con la NAO, fundamentalmente, en ambas costas de la región oriental; mientras que en la multianual el ENOS tiene mayor influencia, pero está se refleja básicamente en la costa sur cubana. Por su parte, los indicadores extremos de cambio climático muestran que el clima marino cubano referido a Hsig a partir de 1991 está transitado a ser más extremo.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to determine the changes of the significant wave height (Hsig) in the Cuban shore area during the period 1950-2022, as a contribution to the studies of climate variability that are developed in the country, within the framework of the Task Life. The Hsig data from the ERA5 reanalysis were used with temporal resolution of 6 h and spatial resolution of 0.5⁰ of latitude in that order, as well as the NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) and ENSO (El Niño- South Oscillation) index. The last one is referred to the Niño3.4 index. Besides, extreme indices were applied for the detection of climate change referred to Hsig in the Cuban archipelago. The results show statistically significant changes in the habitual Hsig regime, around the 5% from 1981 on all the Cuban shore perimeter, except from Cabo San Antonio to Punta Maternillos, as well as an increasing annual linear trend of Hsig in all the Cuban coasts up to 0.002 m/year. It is concluded that the interannual variability of Hsig in the Cuban coasts has a higher correlation with the NAO, fundamentally, in both coasts of the eastern region, while from the multiannual ENSO has a greater influence, but it is basically reflected in the southern Cuban coast. On another hand, the extreme indicators of climate change show that the Cuban marine climate referred to Hsig from 1991 is becoming more extreme.

Resumen Introducción: La Neumonía por Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo Coronavirus 2, es un problema de Salud Pública, por su alta tasa de mortalidad en la primera ola de la pandemia. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a la Neumonía por Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo Coronavirus 2 en pacientes fallecidos internados en el área Covid y Unidad de Terapia Intensiva del Hospital Municipal Boliviano Holandés, Municipio El Alto, en los meses de marzo a diciembre 2020. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional analítico de casos y controles, los casos 25 fueron pacientes fallecidos de neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 durante la estadía hospitalaria y los controles 75 pacientes no fallecidos por la enfermedad. La fuente de información fue el expediente clínico, ficha de notificación epidemiológica y certificado médico único de defunción. Se clasificó las causas de fallecimiento según el Código internacional de enfermedades CIE 10. Resultados: Se obtuvo información de 25 casos y 75 controles, relación 1:3. Pacientes fallecidos del sexo masculino 72% con p=0.040 (OR 2.77 IC 95% 1.042 - 7.449); La edad de 60 años con p=0.000 (OR 4.12 IC95% 1.596 - 10.664); lugar de residencia urbano 88%; el periodo infeccioso fue de 9.68 días (IC95%7.83-11.52), tiempo de internación 6.60 días p=0.010 (OR 4.03 IC95% 1.446 - 11.231); las Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles 80% con p=0.040 (OR 2.98 IC95%95%95% 1.009 - 8.779); los pacientes internados en el área COVID tuvo una mortalidad de 68% con p=0.010(OR 0.25 IC95% 0.083 - 0.774) y recibieron tratamiento farmacológico 72%. Conclusión: El sexo masculino, mayor de 60 años y las enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles son un factor de riesgo para altas tasas de letalidad, resultados respaldados según Serra Valdés¹

Abstract Introduction: Pneumonia due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 is a Public Health problem, due to its high mortality rate in the first wave of the pandemic. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 pneumonia in deceased patients hospitalized in the Covid area and Intensive Care Unit of the Bolivian Dutch Municipal Hospital, El Alto Municipality, from March to December 2020. Material and methods: Analytical observational study of cases and controls, 25 cases were patients who died of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia during their hospital permanence, and 75 controls were patients who didnot die from the disease. The source ofinformation was the clinical record. The method was documentary analysis, instruments were clinical histories, epidemiological notification sheet and official medical death certificate. The causes of death were classified according to the International Code of Diseases CIE 10. Results: Information was obtained from 25 cases and 75 controls, ratio 1:3. 72% male patients who died with p=0.040 (OR 2.77 95% CI 1.042 - 7.449); The 60 years old with p=0.000 (OR 4.12 IC95% 1.596 -10.664); urban area ofresidence 88%; the infectious period was 9.68 days (95%CI 7.83-11.52), hospitalization time 6.60 days p=0.010 (OR 4.03 95%CI 1.446 - 11.231); Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases of 80% with p=0.040 (OR 2.98 IC95% 1.009 - 8.779); The patients hospitalized in the COVID area had a mortality of 68% with p=0.010 (OR 0.25 IC95% 0.083 - 0.774) and 72% received pharmacological treatment. Coclusion: The male, over 60 years old and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases are a risk factor for high-risk rates in high mortality rates, results are supported by Serra Valdés¹

Abstract Introduction Auditory-evoked potentials are influenced by several factors, including polarity, filter, stimulus intensity and stimulation rate. The presentation of higher rates of stimuli per second enables the collection of a greater number of responses in a given period of time, promoting a shorter testing time; however, the collected recordings are subject to changes related to wave morphology. Objectives To compare the brainstem auditory-evoked-potential responses with click stimulus with the most commonly used stimulation rates in the clinical practice. Methods The present cross-sectional analytical study was performed with fifteen participants of both genders and normal hearing thresholds. The brainstem auditoryevoked potential was performed at four different stimulation rates (21.1, 26.7, and 27.7 stimuli/s, and a rate determined based on a mathematical calculation using the a measurement of the transmission frequency of the power grid at the time of the examination). Results We observed that the rate of 21.1 stimuli/s showed the highest amplitudes for waves I, III, and V when compared with the other rates. The rate of 26.7 stimuli/s, when compared with 27.7 stimuli/s, showed a higher amplitude for wave V. The latency if wave V was significantly lower with the rate of 21.1 stimuli/s than with 27.7 stimuli/s. Conclusions The stimulation rate interferes with wave latencies and amplitudes; its decrease from 27.7 to 21.1 stimuli/s decreases the latency of wave V and increases the amplitues and improves the morphology of waves I, III and V. In addition, we found evidence that suggests an improvement in the visualization of wave III by adjusting the stimulation rate based on a measurement of the local transmission frequency of the power grid.

ABSTRACT Tropical waves are synoptic systems that occur mainly during the months of May to November, and that sometimes stimulate deep convection, and consequently the occurrence of severe local storms and/or heavy rain in Cuba. These meteorological systems are of vital importance due to their incidence in carrying out dissimilar socioeconomic activities, for which reason the objective of this article is to characterize the tropical waves that transited through the eastern half of the national territory from 2012 to 2020. They reviewed the Discussions of Tropical Weather and the Perspectives of Tropical Weather, the general weather statements, the monthly summaries, the rainfall records of the pluviometric network of the National Institute of Hydraulic Resources, synoptic maps and satellite images, from which they created a database where graphs were processed and built, using Office Excel version 2019. For the study, the distribution of tropical waves was analyzed by year and month, taking into account their translation speed, severity events and/or associated heavy rain. The results show that tropical waves travel through the eastern half every year, with a higher incidence of "normal" and "active" waves between the months of July and August, which coincides with the rainy season. On the other hand, it was found that the most prevalent events are hail and aeroavalanches.

RESUMEN Las ondas tropicales son sistemas sinópticos que se presentan fundamentalmente durante los meses de mayo a noviembre, y que en ocasiones estimulan la convección profunda, y por consiguiente la ocurrencia de tormentas locales severas y/o lluvia intensa en Cuba. Estos sistemas meteorológicos son de vital importancia por su incidencia en la realización de disímiles actividades socioeconómicas, por ello que el objetivo del presente artículo es caracterizar las ondas tropicales que transitaron sobre la mitad oriental del territorio nacional desde 2012 hasta el 2020. En la investigación se revisaron las Discusiones del Tiempo Tropical y las Perspectivas del Tiempo Tropical, los estados generales del tiempo, los resúmenes mensuales, los registros de lluvias de la red pluviométrica del Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos, mapas sinópticos e imágenes satelitales, a partir de lo cual se creó una base de datos donde se procesaron y construyeron gráficos, utilizando Office Excel versión 2019. Para el estudio se analizó la distribución de las ondas tropicales por años y meses teniendo en cuenta la velocidad de traslación de las mismas, eventos de severidad y/o lluvia intensa asociada. Los resultados evidencian que las ondas tropicales transitan todos los años por la mitad oriental, con una mayor incidencia de ondas “normales” y “activas” entre los meses de julio y agosto, lo que coincide con el período lluvioso. Por otra parte, se encontró que los eventos que más predominan son los granizos y la aeroavalanchas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Visual evoked potentials (VEP) evaluate the visual pathway through small neuroelectric responses from the occipital cortex. They constitute a non-invasive test to determine visual function in premature babies, newborns, infants, children with brain malformations, metabolic diseases or mental retardation. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and the results of Flash Visual Evoked Potentials in children under 5 years of age during the time period from December 2017 to December 2018. Materials and Methods: This was an observational, descriptive and ambispective design with an analytical component. The patients included children from 0 to 5 years of age who underwent VEP at the Pediatric Hospital in the period from December 2017 to December 2018. We used non-probabilistic sampling of consecutive cases. Main variables: Age, sex, place of residence, professional who requested the study, reason for requesting the study, maternal and perinatal data, VEP results. Data were analyzed with SPSSv 21, using descriptive statistics. Results: 110 patients who underwent VEP were studied, the median age was 32 months, the male sex predominated, most lived in the Central department (63.6%). Most of the patients had infantile cerebral palsy (ICP), neurologists most frequently requested the study. Using the perinatal history, we determined that a lower gestational age, lower birth weight, lower Apgar score, and a history of perinatal hospitalization were associated with alterations in the latency and amplitude values for the P100 wave in both eyes, this relationship was statistically significant. Conclusion: Although the majority of the VEP results were normal, there is an important relationship between the perinatal history and the alteration of the result, especially with respect to the Apgar at 1 min, which shows an inverse relationship.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los potenciales evocados visuales (PEV) evalúan la vía visual mediante pequeñas respuestas neuroeléctricas de la corteza occipital. Constituyen un examen no invasivo para determinar la función visual en prematuros, recién nacidos, lactantes, niños con malformaciones cerebrales enfermedades metabólicas o retraso mental. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y los resultados de los Potenciales Evocados Visuales por Flash en niños menores de 5 años en el periodo de diciembre de 2017 a diciembre de 2018. Materiales y Métodos: Diseño observacional, descriptivo, ambispectivo con componente analítico. Los pacientes incluidos niños de 0 a 5 años de edad que se realizaron PEV en el Hospital Pediátrico en el período de diciembre de 2017 a diciembre de 2018. Muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos. Variables principales: Edad, sexo, procedencia, profesional que solicitó el estudio, motivo de solicitud del estudio, datos maternos y perinatales, resultados del PEV. Los datos fueron analizados con SPSSv 21, utilizando estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se estudiaron 110 pacientes que se realizaron PEV, la mediana de edad fue de 32 meses, predominó el sexo masculino, procedieron del departamento Central (63,6%). La mayoría de los pacientes presentaban Parálisis cerebral infantil (PCI), los neurólogos solicitaron mayormente el estudio. De los antecedentes perinatales, se evidenció que, a menor edad gestacional, menor peso de nacimiento, menor Apgar y antecedente de hospitalización perinatal, los valores de latencia y amplitud para la onda P100 en ambos ojos presentaban alteraciones, siendo esta relación estadísticamente significativa. Conclusión: Aunque en su mayoría los resultados de PEV fueron normales existe una relación importante entre los antecedentes perinatales y la alteración del resultado especialmente con respecto al Apgar a los 1 min mostrando una relación inversa.

Resumen. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las islas de calor urbanas (ICU) a través del uso de datos meteorológicos de temperatura máxima e imágenes satelitales en Uruapan, Michoacán, México. Mediante el uso de registros de temperatura máxima de la estación meteorológica Jicalán (CFE) del periodo 1963-1998 e imágenes satelitales Landsat 8 OLI del periodo 2013-2021, se calculó la temperatura máxima promedio instrumental y satelital durante la canícula. La estimación de las ICU se realizó al aplicar un valor de +1°C por arriba del valor promedio histórico de temperatura registrado por la estación meteorológica Jicalán (CFE), es decir, áreas por arriba de +1 °C del valor promedio de temperatura. Las ICU identificadas fueron 23, las cuales abarcan una superficie de 146.8 ha. Como conclusión se puede decir que en la parte centro-sur de Uruapan se concentra el 95.6% de ICU, las cuales presentan valores de 1 a 3.9 °C.

Abstract. The objective of this research was to determine urban heat islands (UHI) through the use of meteorological data of maximum temperature and satellite images in Uruapan, Michoacan, Mexico. Using maximum temperature records from the Jicalán meteorological station (CFE) from the period 1963-1998 and Landsat 8 OLI satellite images from the period 2013-2021, the average instrumental and satellite maximum temperature during the canícula was calculated. The estimation of the UHI was performed by applying a value of +1°C above the historical average temperature value recorded by the Jicalán meteorological station (CFE), that is to say, areas above +1 °C of the average temperature value. The UHI identified were 23, covering an area of 146.8 ha. In conclusion, it can be said that 95.6% of the UHI are concentrated in the south-central part of Uruapan, with values ranging from 1 to 3.9 °C.

RESUMO Objetivo analisar o efeito do mascaramento estável e modulado no Potencial Evocado Auditivo Cortical com estímulo de fala em adultos-jovens. Método participaram 14 indivíduos com idades entre 19 e 28 anos de ambos os sexos e sem perda auditiva. O exame de Potencial Evocado Auditivo Cortical foi realizado com estímulo de fala sintética /ba/ simultâneo ao ruído Speech Shaped Noise apresentado em três condições: ruído estável com intensidade de 30 dB NPSpe (ruído estável fraco), ruído estável com intensidade de 65 dB NPSpe (ruído estável forte) e ruído modulado em intensidade de 30 dB NPSpe e 65 dB NPSpe em 25Hz e com período de modulação de 40 ms. Resultados foram observadas maiores latências nos componentes corticais, exceto P2, na condição de ruído estável forte e medidas mais robustas de amplitude dos componentes corticais P1, N1 e P2 na condição de ruído modulado com diferença estatística significativa na comparação com a condição de ruído estável forte. Houve pior morfologia na condição de ruído estável forte, quando comparado aos demais registros. Os limiares eletrofisiológicos médios para as condições de ruído estável forte e ruído modulado foram 60 dB NPSpe e 49 dB NPSpe, respectivamente, mostrando 11,7 dB de diferença média. Conclusão podemos inferir que houve um menor efeito mascarante do ruído modulado, comparado à condição de ruído estável forte, nas medidas de amplitude dos componentes corticais e uma diferença média de 11,7 dB entre os limiares eletrofisiológicos (interpretado como a medida do Benefício do Mascaramento Modulado).

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the effect of masking on the Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential with speech stimulus in young adults. Methods Fourteen individuals aged between 19 and 28 years of both sexes with no hearing loss participated in the study. The Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential examination was performed with synthetic speech stimulus /ba/ simultaneous to Speech Shaped Noise presented under three conditions: steady noise with a 30 dB SPLep intensity (weak steady noise), steady noise with a 65 dB SPLep intensity o (strong steady noise) and modulated noise with 30 dB SPLep and 65 dB SPLep intensities at 25Hz and modulation period of 40 ms. Results Higher latencies were observed in the cortical components, except P2, in the condition of strong steady noise and more meaningful measures of amplitude of the cortical components P1, N1 and P2 in the condition of modulated noise with statistically significant difference in comparison to the strong steady noise condition. There was worse wave morphology in the condition of strong steady noise, when compared to the other records. The average electrophysiological thresholds for the conditions of strong steady noise and modulated noise were 60 dB SPLep and 49 dB SPLep, respectively, showing a 11.7 dB mean difference. Conclusion We could infer that there was a lower masking effect of modulated noise when compared to the strong steady noise condition, in the amplitude measurements of the cortical components and an average difference of 11.7 dB between the electrophysiological thresholds (interpreted as the measure of the Masking Release).

ABSTRACT: Objective: To characterize the epidemiological profile of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in a referral emergency unit in northern Paraná; analyze the profile of patients affected by COVID-19 regarding gender, color/race, age, marital status, origin and type of referral; measure the average length of hospital stay, from the date of admission of the patient until discharge, determine the percentage of the main hospital outcomes. Method: It was field research with a quantitative, observational, unicentric, descriptive, exploratory and retrospective approach, carried out at the University Hospital of the State University of Londrina, located in the north of the Paraná. The study population consisted of data from 2,800 patients admitted and hospitalized with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 in the Emergency Room of the hospital in question, according to records of the epidemiology center and Medical and Statistical Archive Service, from January 2021 to July 2021. Results: It was observed that most of those affected were male, had a white color, were single and were between 58 and 67 years old. The mean length of hospitalization was 16 days. The Mobile Emergency Care Service obtained the highest referral records and the discharge and death outcomes had very close values. Conclusion: It is concluded that the second wave of COVID-19 was devastating in all segments, reflecting the change in the age profile of those affected, the increase in hospitalization rates, high mortality rates and the close relationship between the hospitalization period and the evolution to death.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Caracterizar el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 en una unidad de emergencia de referencia en el norte de Paraná; analizar el perfil de los pacientes afectados por COVID-19 en términos de: sexo, color/raza, edad, estado civil, procedencia y tipo de derivación; medir el promedio de estancia hospitalaria, desde la fecha de ingreso hasta el alta del paciente, determinar el porcentaje de los principales resultados hospitalarios. Método: Se trata de una investigación de campo con abordaje cuantitativo, observacional, unicéntrica, descriptiva, exploratoria y retrospectiva, realizada en el Hospital Universitario de la Universidad Estadual de Londrina, ubicado en el norte de Paraná. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por los datos de 2.800 pacientes ingresados y hospitalizados con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19 en el Servicio de Urgencias del hospital en cuestión, según registros del núcleo de epidemiología y el Servicio de Estadísticas y Archivo Médico, desde enero de 2021 hasta julio de 2021. de 2021. Resultados: Se observó que la mayoría de los afectados eran del sexo masculino, de raza blanca, solteros y tenían entre 58 y 67 años. La estancia hospitalaria media fue de 16 días. El Servicio Móvil de Atención de Urgencias presentó los mayores registros de derivaciones y los desenlaces de alta y muerte tuvieron valores muy similares. Conclusión: Se concluye que la segunda ola de COVID-19 fue devastadora en todos los seguimientos, reflejando el cambio en el perfil etario de los afectados, el aumento de las tasas de hospitalización, las altas tasas de mortalidad y la estrecha relación entre el período de hospitalización y progresión a la muerte.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes internados com COVID-19 em uma unidade de pronto socorro referência do norte do Paraná; analisar o perfil dos pacientes acometidos por COVID-19 quanto ao: gênero, cor/raça, idade, estado civil, procedência e tipo de encaminhamento; mensurar o tempo médio de internação hospitalar, desde a data da admissão do paciente até sua alta, determinar o percentual dos principais desfechos hospitalares. Método: Tratou-se de uma pesquisa de campo com abordagem quantitativa, do tipo observacional, unicêntrica, descritiva, exploratória e retrospectiva, realizada no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, localizado no norte do Paraná. A população do estudo consistiu dos dados de 2.800 pacientes admitidos e internados com diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19 no Pronto Socorro do hospital em questão, conforme registros do núcleo de epidemiologia e Serviço de Arquivo Médico e Estatística, no período de janeiro de 2021 a julho de 2021. Resultados: Observou-se que maioria dos acometidos eram do sexo masculino, possuíam cor branca, eram solteiros e tinham entre 58 e 67 anos. O tempo médio de internação foi de 16 dias. O Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência obteve os maiores registros de encaminhamentos e os desfechos de alta e óbito possuíram valores muito próximos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a segunda onda da COVID-19 se mostrou devastadora em todos os seguimentos, refletindo na mudança do perfil etário dos acometidos, no aumento das taxas de internação, nos altos índices de mortalidade e na a estreita relação entre o período de internação e a evolução ao óbito.