RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar e caracterizar a população de casos pediátricos encaminhados para o nosso centro de oxigenoterapia hiperbárica. Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo e observacional, que incluiu doentes pediátricos tratados com oxigenoterapia hiperbárica, de 2006 a 2021, no centro de referência de medicina hiperbárica do norte de Portugal. As variáveis de interesse foram extraídas dos processos clínicos eletrônicos. Resultados: O nosso estudo incluiu 134 casos. Os motivos de encaminhamento mais frequentes foram intoxicação por monóxido de carbono (n=59) e surdez súbita neurossensorial (n=41). Em 75 casos (56%) o tratamento foi iniciado em contexto de urgência. Os sintomas de apresentação à admissão variaram entre os diferentes casos, sendo os mais frequentes cefaleias e náuseas/vômitos. No que diz respeito à intoxicação por monóxido de carbono, as fontes mais comuns foram o aquecedor, lareira/braseiro e caldeira. Com relação aos efeitos adversos, foram identificados um caso de intoxicação por oxigênio e quatro casos de barotrauma do ouvido médio. Conclusões: A causa mais frequente de encaminhamento foi a intoxicação por monóxido de carbono. Todos os pacientes evoluíram favoravelmente e foram registrados poucos efeitos adversos, o que enfatiza a segurança desta terapia. Uma vez que a maioria dos pediatras pode não estar informada sobre os potenciais benefícios da oxigenoterapia hiperbárica, é de extrema importância promovê-los para que esta técnica seja cada vez mais implementada. Objetivo Métodos observacional 200 2021 Portugal eletrônicos Resultados 13 n=59 n59 n 59 (n=59 n=41. n41 n=41 . 41 (n=41) 7 56% 56 (56% urgência náuseasvômitos náuseas vômitos náuseas/vômitos aquecedor lareirabraseiro lareira braseiro caldeira adversos médio Conclusões terapia promovêlos promovê los implementada 20 202 1 n=5 n5 5 (n=5 n4 n=4 4 (n=41 (56 2 n= (n= (n=4 (5 (n (

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and characterize the population of Pediatric patients referred to our hyperbaric oxygen therapy center. Methods: Retrospective and observational study, including pediatric patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, from 2006 to 2021, at the hyperbaric medicine reference center in the north of Portugal. Variables of interest were extracted from electronic medical records. Results: Our study included 134 patients. The most frequent reasons for referral were carbon monoxide poisoning (n=59) and sudden sensorineural hearing loss (n=41). In 75 cases (56%), treatment was initiated in an urgent context. Symptom presentation at Emergency Department varied among patients, the most frequent being headache and nausea/vomiting. Concerning carbon monoxide poisoning, the most common sources were water heater, fireplace/brazier, and boiler. Regarding adverse effects, it was identified one case of intoxication by oxygen and four cases of middle ear barotrauma. Conclusions: The most frequent cause for referral was carbon monoxide poisoning. All patients evolved favorably, with few side effects being reported, emphasizing the safety of this therapy. While most pediatricians may not be aware of the potential benefits arising with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, it is of upmost importance to promote them, so that this technique is increasingly implemented. Objective Methods 200 2021 Portugal records Results 13 n=59 n59 n 59 (n=59 n=41. n41 n=41 . 41 (n=41) 7 56%, 56 56% , (56%) context nauseavomiting nausea vomiting nausea/vomiting heater fireplacebrazier fireplace brazier fireplace/brazier boiler barotrauma Conclusions favorably reported them implemented 20 202 1 n=5 n5 5 (n=5 n4 n=4 4 (n=41 (56% 2 n= (n= (n=4 (56 (n (5 (

Palygoskite pellets were synthesized with lignin and WAX® and subjected to technological characterization for application in the remediation of Pb ions contained in aqueous effluents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of the palygorskite:lignin:WAX® material in a proportion of 70:15:15 revealed that the heat treatment of the pellets did not compromise the crystalline structure of the palygoskite. Texture analyses demonstrated that the surface area increased after synthesis and heat treatment, thus increasing the adsorption capacity. Regarding porosity, X-ray microtomography revealed that the pellets exhibit an irregular and porous spherical morphology with interconnected pores. Adsorption tests showed a removal of 73% of PbII contained in aqueous effluents after 15 min, with equilibrium reached in 60 min (88.36%). After the adsorption process, the presence of lead in the material was qualitatively confirmed through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) images. The produced pellets exhibit promising adsorbent qualities, such as strength and effective PbII ion adsorption. WAX Xray X ray XRD (XRD palygorskiteligninWAX® palygorskiteligninWAX palygorskite palygorskite:lignin:WAX 701515 70 70:15:1 palygoskite capacity porosity pores 73 1 6 88.36%. 8836 88.36% . 88 36 (88.36%) process energydispersive energy dispersive SEMEDS SEM EDS (SEM-EDS images qualities 70151 7 70:15: 883 88.36 8 3 (88.36% 7015 70:15 88.3 (88.36 701 70:1 88. (88.3 70: (88. (88 (8 (

The aim of this study was to effectively remove Fe2+ by using ozone microbubbles in bottled mineral water to prevent sediment from occurring during storage and increase shelf life. By considering the characteristics of mineral water with low solubility of ozone and high CO2 content, a suitable ozone injection step was chosen and a new mineral water treatment method using microbubbles was proposed. As a result of the treatment of the bottled mineral water with ozone microbubbles, the concentration of the iron ion was reduced from 0.14 to 0.01 mg L-1, and the shelf life increased to 360 days. During the treatment, the concentrations of K+ and Na+ were almost unchanged, and the deposition time was reduced to one-third compared to the natural oxidation. Fe2 Fe CO content proposed 014 0 14 0.1 001 01 0.0 L1, L1 L 1, 1 L-1 36 days K Na unchanged onethird one third oxidation 0. 00 L- 3

ABSTRACT The search for more sustainable systems of rice cultivation, especially in relation to water use, has included the evaluation of more-efficient irrigation systems in addition to alternative water sources. The aim of this study was to conduct a phytosociological survey of weeds in rice crops irrigated by subsurface drip with different concentrations of treated dairy effluent, maintaining the soil moisture at saturation or field capacity. A pilot scale experiment was carried out in a protected environment using a randomised block design in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The IAC 301 cultivar (Arborio rice) was chosen. The phytosociological surveys were carried out on four different dates, and considered the composition as well as the distribution of plant species in each of the applied treatments, using the importance value index (IVI) to evaluate the influence of each treatment. The results showed that cultivating irrigated rice, giving priority to water management, altered the ecology of invasive plants. Fourteen weed species were identified, distributed over 10 families. The effluent dose did not alter the incidence of invasive plants, and only at the final evaluation was there a reduction in the IVI value at effluent concentrations of 50% and 75%. For soil moisture, the highest IVI values occurred on the first two days of the survey under saturated conditions; this result was reversed closer to plant maturity, when the IVI values were higher at field capacity. cultivation use moreefficient efficient sources capacity scheme replications 30 Arborio chosen dates treatments (IVI treatment management plants identified 1 families 50 75 75% conditions maturity 3 7

ABSTRACT Soil water balance models can be a good option for studying crop growth and yield responses under different water supply levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation strategies on sunflower yield and water productivity using field experiments and soil water balance simulations. Two field experiments were performed. In 2018/19, four irrigation strategies (aimed at maintaining soil available water at 80, 70, 60, and 50% of total available water) were evaluated. In 2020/21 an irrigated and a rain-fed treatment were evaluated. The SIMDualKc model was calibrated and validated to simulate soil water balance and derive the dual coefficients using plant variables from field observations. Grain yield was highest in the treatment maintained at 70% of total available water in Study I, suggesting that a water replenishment reduction strategy may be an alternative to irrigation management, especially in locations where water is scarce. The statistical indicators showed good performance of the model in simulating the water available in the soil, with the coefficient of determination > 0.90 and modeling efficiency above 0.86 for all cases. The study allowed the calibration of the single and basal crop coefficients of sunflower, which are important parameters for irrigation management. levels simulations performed 201819 2018 19 2018/19 aimed 80 70 60 50 evaluated 202021 2020 21 2020/2 rainfed rain fed observations I management scarce 090 0 90 0.9 086 86 0.8 cases 20181 201 1 2018/1 8 7 6 5 20202 202 2 2020/ 09 9 0. 08 20 2018/

RESUMO Os modelos de balanço hídrico do solo podem ser uma boa opção para estudar o crescimento das culturas e as respostas de rendimento sob diferentes níveis de fornecimento de água. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes estratégias de irrigação na produtividade do girassol e na produtividade da água usando experimentos de campo e simulações de balanço hídrico do solo. Dois experimentos de campo foram realizados. Em 2018/19, foram utilizadas quatro estratégias de irrigação (mantida a água disponível no solo em 80, 70, 60 e 50% da água total disponível). Em 2020/21 foi utilizado um tratamento irrigado e de sequeiro. O modelo SIMDualKc foi calibrado e validado para simular o balanço hídrico do solo e derivar os coeficientes duais usando variáveis da planta a partir de observações de campo. A produtividade de grãos foi maior no tratamento mantido a 70% do total de água disponível no Estudo I, sugerindo que a redução da reposição de água pode ser uma alternativa para o manejo da irrigação, principalmente em locais onde a água é escassa. Os indicadores estatísticos mostraram um bom desempenho do modelo na simulação da água disponível no solo, com coeficiente de determinação > 0,90 e eficiência de modelagem acima de 0,86 para todos os casos. O estudo permitiu a calibração do coeficiente de cultura simples e basal do girassol, que são parâmetros importantes para o manejo da irrigação. realizados 201819 2018 19 2018/19 mantida 80 70 6 50 disponível. . disponível) 202021 2020 21 2020/2 sequeiro I escassa 090 0 90 0,9 086 86 0,8 casos 20181 201 1 2018/1 8 7 5 20202 202 2 2020/ 09 9 0, 08 20 2018/

Abstract The aim of this study is to explore more sustainable approaches by replacing Portland cement (OPC) with recycled mixed powder (RMP) derived from construction and demolition waste (CDW), with a focus on reducing carbon emissions. The CDW was subjected to grinding and sieving until a fraction <0.15 mm was obtained. The particles were then thermally activated at 800°C in a muffle for 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 hours. The OPC replacement levels by RMP were defined based on the particle packing method, ranging from 0 to 65%. The study was carried out on pastes with a water/fines ratio ranging from 0.07 to 0.14 and superplasticizer admixture (SP), evaluating the compressive strength at 28, 63, and 91 days. The mechanical and environmental performance of Portland cement pastes composed with RMP showed compressive strength higher than the reference, reaching 37 MPa for a 45% replacement content at 28 days, reducing the CO2 emissions per m³ of paste by up to 53%. This study suggested that the treatment and packaging RMP particles may potentially increase the mechanical and environmental performance, making it an alternative to promote the circular economy and low-carbon cement. (OPC (RMP CDW, , (CDW) 015 15 <0.1 obtained 800C C 800 05 5 0.5 1 2 hours method 65 65% waterfines water fines 007 07 0.0 014 14 0.1 SP, SP (SP) 63 9 days reference 45 CO m 53 53% lowcarbon low (CDW 01 <0. 80 0. 6 00 (SP 4 <0 8 <

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é explorar abordagens mais sustentáveis, substituindo o cimento Portland (OPC) por pó reciclado misto (RMP) derivado de resíduos de construção e demolição (RCD), focado na redução das emissões de carbono. O RCD foi submetido à moagem e peneiramento até a obtenção de uma fração < 0,15 mm. Em seguida, as partículas foram termicamente ativadas a 800°C em mufla por 0,5, 1, 2 e 3 horas. Os níveis de substituição de OPC por RMP foram definidos a partir do método de empacotamento de partículas, variando entre 0 e 65%. O estudo foi realizado em pastas com relação água/finos entre 0,07 e 0,14 e aditivo superplastificante (SP), com avaliação da resistência à compressão aos 28, 63 e 91 dias. Quanto ao desempenho mecânico e ambiental das pastas de cimento Portland compostas com RMP a resistência à compressão foi superior à referência, chegando a 37 MPa para um teor de substituição de 45% aos 28 dias, promovendo uma redução de 53% na emissão de CO 2 por m³ de pasta. O estudo indicou que tratar e empacotar as partículas de RMP aumenta o desempenho mecânico e ambiental, tornando-se alternativa para promover a economia circular e reduzir as emissões do cimento. sustentáveis (OPC (RMP RCD, , (RCD) carbono 015 15 0,1 mm seguida 800C C 800 05 5 0,5 1 horas 65 65% águafinos água finos 007 07 0,0 014 14 SP, SP (SP) 6 9 dias referência 45 53 m pasta tornandose tornando se (RCD 01 0, 80 00 (SP 4 8

Abstract In order to widen the application fields of thermosetting composites, this research aims to identify the bioresins and biofibers more resistant to weathering, enabling their use outdoors. Data were collected from experimental research on composites made from synthetic or plant-derived matrix with plant or hybrid fibers, and using various molding processes, reinforcement geometries, alignment and treatment of fibers and fiber/matrix fractions. The investigation searched for researches that studied the composites tensile and flexural strengths; their water absorption in 24 hours of immersion and until saturation; and their retention of mechanical strength after aging. The effect of matrix and fiber types and their fractions on these properties was studied. Results indicate that composites with plant-derived matrix absorb less water in 24h, and that composites with flax, sisal or hemp have the lowest water absorption at saturation and the greater retention of tensile strength after aging. In other words, apparently these composites are less prone to weathering and thus have potential for outdoor use. However, regardless of the fiber type, as its content increases, the retention of flexural strength of composites decreases, limiting their usage in some applications. outdoors plantderived derived processes geometries fibermatrix strengths 2 aging 24h h flax words However type increases decreases applications

Resumo Buscando ampliar a aplicação dos compósitos termorrígidos, esta pesquisa objetiva identificar as bioresinas e biofibras mais resistentes às intempéries, contribuindopara seu uso externo. Foram levantadas pesquisas experimentais sobre compósitos com matriz sintética ou vegetal e fibras vegetais ou híbridas, com diferentes processos de moldagem, geometrias de reforço, alinhamento e tratamento das fibras e frações fibras/matriz. Buscou-se trabalhos que estudaram as resistências à tração e à flexão; a absorção de água dos compósitos em 24h de imersão e até a saturação; e sua retenção da resistência mecânica após envelhecimento. Investigou-se a influência do tipo de matriz e de fibra e de suas frações nessas propriedades. Resultados indicam que compósitos de matriz vegetal absorvem menos água em 24h, e que compósitos com linho, sisal ou cânhamo possuem a menor absorção de água na saturação e maior retenção da resistência à tração após o envelhecimento. Isto é, aparentemente esses compósitos sofrem menos danos devido às intempéries, possuindo maior potencial para uso externo. Mas, independentemente da fibra, conforme sua quantidade aumenta, diminui a retenção da resistência à flexão dos compósitos, limitando sua aplicação. termorrígidos intempéries externo híbridas moldagem reforço fibrasmatriz fibras/matriz Buscouse Buscou se h envelhecimento Investigouse Investigou propriedades linho é Mas aumenta

Abstract Textile sludge is a waste from the effluent treatment of textile laundries and its incorporation into alternative materials has been proposed as a possibility for its disposal. A systematic search was carried out in literature from this perspective, aiming to observe concentrations of waste material and its preparation, matrices used, technological performance and immobilization of textile waste. The matrices used were mortars, concretes and ceramic bricks, in general, deleterious effects were observed on mechanical characteristics of the materials produced. In concrete and mortars, the fineness had an impact on increase in water demand, which increased mixtures porosity; and organic matter and heavy metals, in cement hydration. Recent studies therefore proposed waste material pre-treatment as a favorable alternative. Increases in porosity also occurred in ceramic bricks, however, due to high organic matter content. Regarding waste immobilization, cementitious materials showed satisfactory performance; ceramic bricks, on the other hand, obtained some results outside the normative limits. Therefore, it is necessary to expand discussions regarding the pre-treatment carried out on textile sludge, as well as its impacts on mechanical and environmental performance. disposal perspective preparation mortars bricks general produced demand metals hydration pretreatment pre however content hand limits Therefore

Resumo Olodo têxtil é um resíduo do tratamento do efluente das lavanderias têxteis e sua incorporação em materiais alternativos tem sido proposta como possibilidade para sua destinação. Foi realizada uma busca sistemática na literatura nesta perspectiva, visando observar as concentrações de material residual e seu preparo, as matrizes utilizadas, o desempenho tecnológico e imobilização do resíduo têxtil. As matrizes empregadas foram argamassas, concretos e tijolos cerâmicos, sendo observados, de maneira geral, efeitos deletérios nas características mecânicas dos materiais produzidos. Em concretos e argamassas, a finura impactou no aumento da demanda de água, o que elevou a porosidade das misturas; e a matéria orgânica e metais pesados, na hidratação do cimento. Estudos recentes propuseram, então, o pré-tratamento do material residual como uma alternativa favorável. Incrementos na porosidade também ocorreram nos tijolos cerâmicos, porém, devido ao elevado teor de matéria orgânica. Quanto a imobilização do resíduo, os materiais cimentícios apresentaram desempenho satisfatório; já os tijolos cerâmicos, obtiveram alguns resultados fora dos limites normativos. Portanto, é necessário ampliar as discussões quanto ao pré-tratamento realizado no lodo têxtil, bem como seus impactos no desempenho mecânico e ambiental. destinação perspectiva preparo utilizadas argamassas cerâmicos observados geral produzidos água misturas pesados cimento propuseram então prétratamento pré favorável porém satisfatório normativos Portanto ambiental

Resumo Analisou-se a viabilidade técnica e ambiental da Erythrina poeppigiana para produzir compensados com os adesivos: fenol-formaldeído (FF); uréia-formaldeído (UF) e poliuretano à base de mamona (PU). Avaliou-se as propriedades física e mecânica: densidade aparente, teor de umidade, absorção de água, inchamento em espessura, resistência ao cisalhamento e flexão estática. Os testes apontaram a viabilidade da eritrina para produção de compensados não estruturais. A avaliação ambiental, através dos indicadores, quantificação da energia embutida e emissão de CO 2 e, demonstrou que os pain compensado produzido com adesivo PU teve melhor desempenho que os painéis com FF e UF. O tratamento T1 (FF) apresentou maior energia embutida, o T2 (UF) a maior emissão de CO 2 e. A viabilidade técnica e ambiental da eritrina para produzir compensados pode promover o desenvolvimento socioeconômico regional, ambientalmente sustentável, com vantagens em relação aos compensados estrangeiros, bem como ao desempenho ambiental. Analisouse Analisou se adesivos fenolformaldeído fenol formaldeído uréiaformaldeído uréia UF (UF PU. . (PU) Avaliouse Avaliou mecânica aparente umidade água espessura estática estruturais indicadores T (FF regional sustentável estrangeiros (PU

Abstract The study analyzed the technical and environmental feasibility of using Erythrina poeppigiana to produce plywood with different adhesives: phenol-formaldehyde (PF), urea-formaldehyde (UF), and castor oil-based polyurethane (PUA). The physical and mechanical properties of the plywood were evaluated, including apparent density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, shear resistance, and static bending. Tests proved erythrina’s suitability for non-structural plywood production. The environmental impact of the production process was also evaluated, using embedded energy and CO2e emissions as indicators. The results showed that plywood produced with PU adhesive had better environmental performance compared to panels with FF and UF adhesives. T1 treatment (PF) had the highest embodied energy, while T2 (UF) had the highest CO2e emission. Overall, the study suggests that using erythrina to produce plywood can be a viable option for promoting regional socioeconomic development while also being environmentally sustainable and presents an advantage over foreign plywood in terms of environmental performance. adhesives phenolformaldehyde phenol formaldehyde PF, PF , ureaformaldehyde urea UF, oilbased oil based PUA. PUA . (PUA) evaluated density content absorption swelling resistance bending erythrinas s nonstructural non structural COe CO e indicators T (PF (UF emission Overall (PUA

Abstract Introduction. Heavy metal pollution is a growing problem due to human activities. Plants can remove, destroy, or transform contaminants from soil, water, and air. By using plant growth regulators and chelating agents, heavy metal toxicity can be reduced. Objective. To evaluate the effect of applying a mixture of oligogalacturonides on peroxidase activity and the contents of malondialdehyde, total protein, and chlorophylls in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) var. Amalia subjected to high levels of heavy metals. Materials and methods. Soil contaminated with Cu, Cd, and Fe was collected from the Adalberto Vidal White Ceramic Company in Mayabeque, Cuba, in 2020. The experiment was conducted in 7 kg capacity bags using tomato plants, under semi-controlled conditions at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA), with a completely randomized experimental design with each treatment having ten replicates. The treatments with the oligogalacturonides (Ogal) were soil application (30 mg kg-1); foliar spray (20 mg L-1), the combination of these application forms, and a control. Peroxidase activity and the contents of malondialdehyde, total protein, and chlorophylls were determined at 35 and 56 days after the plant’s emergence. Results. The effect of Cu, Cd, and Fe on the seedlings was attenuated by all the use of the Ogal mixture variants use, indicating that they have developed adaptation mechanisms to high metal concentrations which allows to withstand abiotic stress. Conclusions. The Ogal mixture attenuated the effect of heavy metals on peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde content, total proteins, and chlorophylls in Amalia tomato plants.

Resumen Introducción. La contaminación por metales pesados es un problema que ha ido en aumento, debido a las actividades antrópicas. Las plantas pueden eliminar, destruir o transformar contaminantes del suelo, agua y aire. Con el empleo de reguladores del crecimiento vegetal y agentes quelantes se puede reducir la toxicidad por metales pesados. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de una mezcla de oligogalacturónidos sobre la actividad peroxidasa y los contenidos de malondialdehido, proteinas totales y clorofilas, en plantas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) var. Amalia sometidas a altos niveles de metales pesados. Materiales y métodos. Se colectó suelo contaminado con Cu, Cd y el Fe, en la Empresa cerámica blanca Adalberto Vidal de Mayabeque, Cuba en el año 2020. El experimento se desarrolló en bolsas de 7 kg de capacidad y se utilizaron plantas de tomate, en condiciones semi controladas en áreas del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA), con un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado con siete tratamientos y diez réplicas. Los tratamientos del producto a base de oligogalacturónidos (Ogal) fueron: aplicación al suelo (30 mg kg-1); aspersión foliar (20 mg L-1), la combinación de estas formas de aplicación y un testigo. A los 35 y 56 días de emergidas las plantas, se determinó la actividad peroxidasa y los contenidos de malondialdehido, proteinas totales y clorofilas. Resultados. El efecto que provocan el Cu, Cd y el Fe en las plántulas, fue atenuado por todas las variantes de uso de la mezcla Ogal, por lo que las mismas han desarrollado mecanismos de adaptación ante las altas concentraciones metálicas que le permiten subsistir al estrés abiótico. Conclusiones. La mezcla de Ogal atenuó el efecto que provocan los metales pesados en la actividad peroxidasa, el contenido malondialdehido, proteínas totales y clorofilas en plantas de tomate var. Amalia.

Abstract Introduction. Corn is one of the oldest known food grains. With climate change and frequent and severe droughts, the water available in the soil will be considerably reduced. Water deficit affects maize crop development to varying degrees, and sensitivity to this stress varies at different development stages. Objective. To identify the phenological stages most sensitive to water deficit in maize. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted during two growing seasons in 2020 and 2021 in El Ejido, Los Santos province, Panama, under semi-controlled conditions in the greenhouse facilities of the Instituto Coronel Segundo de Villarreal. The commercial corn hybrid ADV-9293 was used and agronomic management was carried out according to the recommendations of the Institute for Agricultural Innovation of Panamá (IDIAP). Plant height, leaf length and width, stem diameter, biomass and yield components, such as number of rows per ear, number of grains per row and 100-grain mass, were determined throughout the crop cycle. Soil moisture was also determined by the gravimetric method. Water deficit at different stages was generated by drought simulation. Results. The grain yields of the control were higher than the different treatments evaluated with 12.83 t ha-1, followed by the treatment with grain filling stress with 10.31 t ha-1. Two periods were determined to be more sensitive to water deficit; these were the stages from 20 to 35 and 40 to 55 days after planting. Water deficit in the different phenological stages of the crop had a negative impact on the relative chlorophyll content. Conclusion. The pre-flowering and flowering stages were more sensitive to water deficiency in maize.

Resumen Introducción. El maíz es uno de los granos alimenticios más antiguos conocido. Con el cambio climático y las sequías severas y frecuentes, se reducirá en gran medida el agua disponible en el suelo. El déficit hídrico afecta en diversos grados el desarrollo del cultivo de maíz y la sensibilidad a este estrés varía en las diferentes etapas de desarrollo. Objetivo. Identificar las etapas fenológicas más sensibles al déficit hídrico en el cultivo de maíz. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se realizó durante dos ciclos en los años 2020 y 2021 en El Ejido, Provincia de Los Santos, Panamá. Se desarrolló bajo condiciones semicontroladas en la casa de cultivo del Instituto Coronel Segundo de Villarreal. Se utilizó el híbrido de maíz comercial ADV-9293. El manejo agronómico se realizó según las recomendaciones del Instituto de Innovación Agropecuaria de Panamá (IDIAP). Durante todo el ciclo del cultivo, se determinaron las variables altura de planta, largo y ancho de hojas, diámetro del tallo, biomasa y los componentes del rendimiento como número de hileras por mazorca, número de granos por hilera y peso de cien granos. También, se determinó la humedad del suelo por el método gravimétrico. El déficit hídrico en distintas etapas se generó a través de la simulación de sequía. Resultados. El rendimiento de grano del testigo superó los diferentes tratamientos evaluados con 12,83 t ha-1, seguido por el tratamiento con estrés en el llenado de grano con 10,31 t ha-1. Se determinaron dos períodos más sensibles al déficit hídrico; los cuales son las etapas comprendidas desde los 20 a 35 y 40 a 55 dds. El déficit hídrico, durante las diferentes etapas fenológicas del cultivo, tuvo un impacto negativo en el contenido relativo de clorofilas. Conclusión. Las etapas de prefloración y floración resultaron más sensibles a la deficiencia hídrica en el cultivo del maíz.

Summary: In recent decades, water scarcity has increased considerably in Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua - the most important apple-growing region of Mexico. Thus, the objective of this research is focused on evaluating growth and development responses in apple rootstocks graf ted with Golden Delicious subjected to four drought cycles, comparing them with the continuous irrigation treatment. Ten rootstocks were evaluated (B.9, M.9Nic29, G.41, G.202, G.890, G.210, G.30, M.7, MM.111 and MM.109) used in the commercial apple orchards in the area, where all the rootstocks were obtained during the 2020 growing season. The planting was carried out in 20-L pots in March 2020 and a substrate composed of compost, soil and sand was used in a ratio of 1:1:1. The recorded variables measured were moisture percentage in the soil, the leading branch growth, leaf water potential, total biomass, and ef ficient water use. The rootstocks B.9 and M.9 Nic29 showed good results in most of the variables studied. Rootstocks with good recovery of leaf water potential af ter recovery irrigation were found. These rootstocks were; B.9, M.9Nic29, MM.111 and G.210. The total biomass was statistically the same in G.30, G.41, MM.111, MM.109, G.202 and B.9. In conclusion, rootstocks tolerate a certain degree of drought and can contribute to improving water use, highlighting B.9.

Resumen: La escasez de agua en la región manzanera más importante de México; Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, se ha incrementado considerablemente en las últimas décadas. El objetivo de esta investigación se concentró en evaluar la respuesta en crecimiento y desarrollo de portainjertos de manzano injertados con Golden Delicious, sometidos a cuatro ciclos de sequía, comparándolos con el tratamiento de riego continuo. Se evaluaron 10 portainjertos (B.9, M.9Nic29, G.41, G.202, G.890, G.210, G.30, M.7, MM.111 y MM.109), los cuales son utilizados en las huertas comerciales de manzano de la zona de Cuauhtémoc. Todos los portainjertos se obtuvieron de viveros comerciales durante la estación de crecimiento 2019. La plantación se realizó en macetas de 20 L en el mes de marzo de 2020 y se utilizó un sustrato compuesto por composta, suelo y arena en proporción 1:1:1. Las variables registradas fueron; porcentaje de humedad en el suelo, crecimiento de la rama líder, potencial hídrico de la hoja, biomasa total, y uso eficiente del agua. Los portainjertos B.9 y M.9Nic29 mostraron buenos resultados en la mayoría de las variables estudiadas. Los portainjertos B.9, M.9Nic29, MM.111 y G.210 mostraron buena recuperación del potencial hídrico de la hoja después del riego de recuperación. La biomasa total fue estadísticamente igual en G.30, G.41, MM.111, MM.109, G.202 y B.9. Se concluye que existen portainjertos que toleran cierto grado de sequía y que pueden contribuir a mejorar el uso del agua, destacando B.9.

Abstract Introduction: Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) is a severe autosomal dominant systemic disease. It affects the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems, heart, kidneys, and eyes. Amyloid deposition has been demonstrated in the glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments of the kidney. Therefore, urinary acidification disorders such as renal tubular acidosis (RTA) may be early manifestations of renal involvement in this population. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of RTA in individuals with ATTRv. Methods: We included symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals with TTR mutation, older than 18 years, GFR >45 mL/min/1.73m2, without systemic metabolic acidosis. Urinary acidification protocol was performed with furosemide and fludrocortisone after 12 h of water deprivation (water deprivation test - WDT) and measurements of urine ammonium ( UNH 4 +) and titratable acidity (UTA). Proximal RTA (pRTA) was diagnosed when FEHCO3>10%. Incomplete form distal RTA (dRTA) was diagnosed if UpH>5.3. Results: We selected 49 individuals with a mean age of 40 (35.5–56.5) years, 63% of which were female, 84% were Caucasian, and mean GFR was 85.5 ± 20.5 mL/min/1.73m2. 94% had the genetic variant Val50Met and 57% were symptomatic. The prevalence of pRTA was 2% and of dRTA was 16.3%. In the subgroup with dRTA, there was no significant increase in excretion of UNH 4 + and UTA. We observed a good correlation between UpH by potentiometry and UpH dipstick. A UpH<5.5 on the dipstick had 100% sensitivity and negative predictive value to exclude dRTA. Conclusion: A high prevalence of RTA was found in individuals with TTR mutations. The UpH dipstick after WDT had good accuracy for screening for dRTA. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of early diagnosis and treatment of RTA in this population. Introduction ATTRv (ATTRv disease systems heart kidneys eyes kidney Therefore (RTA population Objective Methods mutation 1 years 45 >4 mLmin173m2 mLminm mL min 73m2 m mL/min/1.73m2 UTA . (UTA) (pRTA FEHCO310 FEHCO FEHCO3 10 FEHCO3>10% (dRTA UpH53 5 3 UpH>5.3 Results 35.5–56.5 355565 35 56 (35.5–56.5 63 female 84 Caucasian 855 85 85. 205 20 20. 94 ValMet Val Met 57 2 163 16 16.3% UpH55 UpH<5. 100 Conclusion mutations > mLmin mLmin173m 73m mL/min/1.73m (UTA FEHCO31 FEHCO3>10 UpH5 UpH>5. 35.5–56. 35556 (35.5–56. 6 8 9 16.3 UpH<5 FEHCO3>1 UpH>5 35.5–56 3555 (35.5–56 16. UpH< FEHCO3> UpH> 35.5–5 355 (35.5–5 35.5– (35.5– 35.5 (35.5 35. (35. (35 (3

Resumo Introdução: A amiloidose hereditária por transtirretina (ATTRv) é uma doença sistêmica autossômica dominante grave. Afeta os sistemas nervoso periférico e autônomo, coração, rins e olhos. A deposição de amiloide foi demonstrada nos compartimentos glomerular e tubulointersticial do rim. Portanto, distúrbios de acidificação urinária, como acidose tubular renal (ATR), podem ser manifestações precoces de envolvimento renal nessa população. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de ATR em indivíduos com ATTRv. Métodos: Incluímos indivíduos sintomáticos e assintomáticos com mutação na TTR, maiores de 18 anos, TFG >45 mL/min/1,73m2, sem acidose metabólica sistêmica. Realizou-se protocolo de acidificação urinária com furosemida e fludrocortisona após 12 horas de privação hídrica (teste de restrição hídrica - TRH) e medições de amônia urinária ( uNH 4 +) e acidez titulável (uTA) na urina. ATR proximal (ATRp) foi diagnosticada quando FEHCO3>10%. ATR distal (ATRd) de forma incompleta foi diagnosticada se pHu>5,3. Resultados: Selecionamos 49 indivíduos com idade média de 40 (35,5–56,5) anos, 63% mulheres, 84% caucasianos e TFG média de 85,5 ± 20,5 mL/min/1,73m2. 94% apresentaram a variante genética Val50Met; 57% eram sintomáticos. A prevalência de ATRp foi 2% e a de ATRd foi 16,3%. No subgrupo com ATRd, não houve aumento significativo na excreção de uNH 4 + e uTA. Observamos uma boa correlação entre pHU por potenciometria e pHU por fita reagente. Um pHU<5,5 na fita reagente apresentou 100% de sensibilidade e valor preditivo negativo para excluir a ATRd. ConclusÃO: Uma alta prevalência de ATR foi encontrada em indivíduos com mutações na TTR. O pHU por fita reagente após TRH teve boa precisão para triagem de ATRd. São necessários mais estudos para avaliar o impacto do diagnóstico e tratamento precoces da ATR nessa população. Introdução ATTRv (ATTRv grave autônomo coração olhos rim Portanto ATR, , (ATR) população Objetivo Métodos TTR 1 anos 45 >4 mLmin173m2 mLminm mL min 73m2 m mL/min/1,73m2 Realizouse Realizou teste uTA (uTA urina (ATRp FEHCO310 FEHCO FEHCO3 10 FEHCO3>10% (ATRd pHu53 pHu 5 3 pHu>5,3 Resultados 35,5–56,5 355565 35 56 (35,5–56,5 63 mulheres 84 855 85 85, 205 20 20, 94 Val50Met ValMet Val Met 57 2 163 16 16,3% pHU55 pHU<5, 100 ConclusÃO (ATR > mLmin mLmin173m 73m mL/min/1,73m FEHCO31 FEHCO3>10 pHu5 pHu>5, 35,5–56, 35556 (35,5–56, 6 8 9 16,3 pHU5 pHU<5 FEHCO3>1 pHu>5 35,5–56 3555 (35,5–56 16, pHU< FEHCO3> pHu> 35,5–5 355 (35,5–5 35,5– (35,5– 35,5 (35,5 35, (35, (35 (3

Resumen Introducción. La erosión acelerada del suelo es una de las principales causas de la degradación del suelo, que se ve reforzada por las actividades humanas que reducen la cobertura del suelo y aumentan su densidad. Metodologia: Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es cuantificar y comparar las pérdidas de suelo por erosión, entre áreas con agricultura convencional y vegetación natural en el sitio Potós ubicado en la zona rural del municipio de Ubajara, Ceará, Brasil. Resultados. Para monitorear la erosión, se instalan nueve pines de erosión en cada tratamiento, distribuidos en forma triangular, en el sentido de la pendiente, entre las hileras de plantas. El monitoreo se realizará mensualmente durante los años 2020 y 2021. Las pérdidas mensuales varían entre 0 y 948,73 Mg ha-1 mes, siendo las mayores en los meses más lluviosos, registrándose las mayores pérdidas en el año de mayor precipitación total acumulada.

Abstract Introduction. Accelerated soil erosion is one of the major causes of land degradation, which is exacerbated by human activities that reduce soil cover and increase its density. Objective. This study aimed to quantify and compare the levels of soil erosion between areas with conventional agriculture and natural vegetation at the Potós site located in the rural area of the municipality of Ubajara, Ceará, Brazil. Methodology. To monitor erosion, nine erosion pins were installed in each treatment area, arranged in a triangular mesh pattern, in the direction of the slope and between the rows of plants. Monitoring will occur monthly during 2020 and 2021. Results. Monthly losses range from 0 to 948.73 Mg ha-1 month, with the highest losses occurring in the driest months. The greatest losses were recorded in the year with the highest total accumulated precipitation.

Resumo Introdução: A erosão acelerada do solo é uma das principais causas de sua degradação, sendo esta potencializada por atividades antrópicas que reduzem a cobertura do solo e aumentam sua densidade. Objetivo: Ante isso, com o presente estudo objetivou-se quantificar e comparar as perdas de solos por erosão, entre áreas com agricultura convencional e vegetação natural no sítio Potós localizado na zona rural do município de Ubajara, Ceará, Brasil. Metodologia: Para monitorar a erosão foram instalados nove pinos de erosão em cada tratamento, distribuídos em malha triangular, no sentido do declive e entre as fileiras de plantas. O monitoramento ocorreu mensalmente durante os anos de 2020 e 2021. Resultados: As perdas de solos mensais variaram entre 0 e 948,73 Mg ha-1 por mês e foram maiores nos meses mais chuvosos, sendo as maiores perdas registradas no ano com maior precipitação total acumulada.

Resumen:La demanda creciente del sector vivienda en la ciudad de Machala-Ecuador convirtió a las invasiones en el modelo común de crecimiento desorganizado de esta ciudad, donde utilizan el estero “El Macho” para la eliminación de desechos y aguas negras. Estudios preliminares respecto al contenido de metales pesados en este estero concluyen que las concentraciones de metales como el cadmio son superiores a los límites establecidos en la normativa del Texto Unificado de Legislación Secundaria del Ministerio del Ambiente. En la presente investigación se evaluó la remoción de cadmio de muestras de aguas del estero “El Macho” utilizando espuma de poliuretano activada con nanopartículas de plata como adsorbente. Para la recolección de los datos de adsorción se diseñó de un reactor tubular vertical, utilizando 1,560 g de adsorbente de poliuretano modificado con nanopartículas de plata, pH 8 y tamaño de la espuma de poliuretano de forma cubica de 0,5 cm de lado. Se cuantificó las concentraciones de cadmio mediante espectroscopia de absorción atómica, en muestras de aguas del Estero antes y después de su paso por el reactor. Se concluye que la espuma de poliuretano activada con nanopartículas de plata, como adsorbente, alcanzó un porcentaje de remoción de 48,75% y, por lo tanto, es efectivo para el tratamiento de aguas contaminadas con cadmio.

Abstract:The growing demand of the housing sector in the city of Machala-Ecuador turned invasions into the common model of disorganized growth of this city, where they use the “El Macho” estuary for the disposal of waste and sewage. Preliminary studies regarding the content of heavy metals in this estuary conclude that the concentrations of metals such as cadmium are higher than the limits established in the regulations of the Unified Text of Secondary Legislation of the Ministry of the Environment. In the present investigation, the removal of cadmium from water samples of the “El Macho” estuary was evaluated using polyurethane foam activated with silver nanoparticles as an adsorbent. To collect adsorption data, a vertical tubular reactor was designed, using 1,560 g of polyurethane adsorbent modified with silver nanoparticles, pH 8 and cubic-shaped polyurethane foam size of 0.5 cm of side. Cadmium concentrations were quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy in samples of Estero water before and after passing through the reactor. It is concluded that the polyurethane foam activated with silver nanoparticles, as an adsorbent, reached a removal percentage of 48.75% and therefore, it is effective for the treatment of water contaminated with cadmium.