Abstract The aim of this study is to explore more sustainable approaches by replacing Portland cement (OPC) with recycled mixed powder (RMP) derived from construction and demolition waste (CDW), with a focus on reducing carbon emissions. The CDW was subjected to grinding and sieving until a fraction <0.15 mm was obtained. The particles were then thermally activated at 800°C in a muffle for 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 hours. The OPC replacement levels by RMP were defined based on the particle packing method, ranging from 0 to 65%. The study was carried out on pastes with a water/fines ratio ranging from 0.07 to 0.14 and superplasticizer admixture (SP), evaluating the compressive strength at 28, 63, and 91 days. The mechanical and environmental performance of Portland cement pastes composed with RMP showed compressive strength higher than the reference, reaching 37 MPa for a 45% replacement content at 28 days, reducing the CO2 emissions per m³ of paste by up to 53%. This study suggested that the treatment and packaging RMP particles may potentially increase the mechanical and environmental performance, making it an alternative to promote the circular economy and low-carbon cement. (OPC (RMP CDW, , (CDW) 015 15 <0.1 obtained 800C C 800 05 5 0.5 1 2 hours method 65 65% waterfines water fines 007 07 0.0 014 14 0.1 SP, SP (SP) 63 9 days reference 45 CO m 53 53% lowcarbon low (CDW 01 <0. 80 0. 6 00 (SP 4 <0 8 <

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é explorar abordagens mais sustentáveis, substituindo o cimento Portland (OPC) por pó reciclado misto (RMP) derivado de resíduos de construção e demolição (RCD), focado na redução das emissões de carbono. O RCD foi submetido à moagem e peneiramento até a obtenção de uma fração < 0,15 mm. Em seguida, as partículas foram termicamente ativadas a 800°C em mufla por 0,5, 1, 2 e 3 horas. Os níveis de substituição de OPC por RMP foram definidos a partir do método de empacotamento de partículas, variando entre 0 e 65%. O estudo foi realizado em pastas com relação água/finos entre 0,07 e 0,14 e aditivo superplastificante (SP), com avaliação da resistência à compressão aos 28, 63 e 91 dias. Quanto ao desempenho mecânico e ambiental das pastas de cimento Portland compostas com RMP a resistência à compressão foi superior à referência, chegando a 37 MPa para um teor de substituição de 45% aos 28 dias, promovendo uma redução de 53% na emissão de CO 2 por m³ de pasta. O estudo indicou que tratar e empacotar as partículas de RMP aumenta o desempenho mecânico e ambiental, tornando-se alternativa para promover a economia circular e reduzir as emissões do cimento. sustentáveis (OPC (RMP RCD, , (RCD) carbono 015 15 0,1 mm seguida 800C C 800 05 5 0,5 1 horas 65 65% águafinos água finos 007 07 0,0 014 14 SP, SP (SP) 6 9 dias referência 45 53 m pasta tornandose tornando se (RCD 01 0, 80 00 (SP 4 8

Resumen: La cuenca binacional del río Zarumilla es un lugar con gran diversidad de especies y es de gran importancia para la economía de Perú y Ecuador. Estos factores socioeconómicos pueden traer consigo cambios en la distribución de las coberturas del suelo, los cuales afectan de manera negativa los ecosistemas. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar los cambios de cobertura y uso de suelo durante el periodo 1992-2022 y construir una proyección al año 2040 siguiendo las tendencias de uso actuales y su patrón histórico. Se usaron mapas de cobertura y uso de suelo de los años 1992 y 2022, así como información georreferenciada que fue usada para encontrar los factores condicionantes para el cambio de suelo. El modelo de prospección se basó en la implementación de cadenas de Markov y autómatas celulares usando factores condicionantes para construir una proyección más precisa. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan una pérdida neta de 11378 hectáreas de bosque durante el periodo 1992-2022, ocurriendo el 87.7% de esta pérdida en el lado ecuatoriano de la cuenca. A este ritmo se puede prospectar una pérdida de bosque de 10552 hectáreas para el periodo 2022-2040, de igual manera prevista principalmente en el lado ecuatoriano. El modelo prospectivo también resalta que los principales cambios se producirán en áreas de baja altitud y en proximidad a fuentes hídricas y carreteras. Esta es una pérdida alarmante de bosque nativo, la cual se puede evitar mediante la creación de políticas de desarrollo sostenible y programas de ordenamiento territorial.

Abstract: The binational basin of the Zarumilla River is a place with great species diversity and is particularly important to the economy of Peru and Ecuador. These socioeconomic factors can lead to changes in land cover distribution, which negatively affect ecosystems. The present study aims to evaluate changes in land cover and use during the period 1992-2022 and to generate a projection for the year 2040 following current usage trends and historical patterns. Land cover and use maps from 1992 and 2022 were used, along with georeferenced information that was employed to identify the conditioning factors for land change. The prospection model was based on the implementation of Markov chains and cellular automata using conditioning factors to build a more accurate projection. The results obtained reflect a net loss of 11378 hectares of forest during the period 1992-2022, with 87.7% of this loss occurring on the Ecuadorian side of the watershed. At this rate, a forest loss of 10552 hectares can be projected for the period 2022-2040, similarly projected mainly on the Ecuadorian side. The projection model also highlights that the main changes will occur in low-altitude areas and in proximity to water sources and roads. This is an alarming loss of native forest, which can be avoided through the creation of sustainable development policies and land-use planning programs.

ABSTRACT Soil salinization, a rising issue globally, is a negative effect of the ever-changing climate, which has drawn attention to, and exacerbated problems related to soil degradation and the decline in wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, leading to an unstable national economy. The use of rhizosphere inhabiting microorganisms (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR) is a viable method for boosting agricultural production on saline soils and reduce salt stress in rice crops. The objective of this study was to support the development of rice under salt stress by using a consortium of bacterial strains. ‘Pokkali’ rice plants inoculated with single Bacillus tequilensis and B. aryabhattai isolates were compared with consortium and non-inoculated plants while salinity was increased and by irrigation with tap water (control), 30 mM (5 dS m-1) and 60 mM (10 dS m-1) NaCl. The present study exhibited that inoculation of a mixed inoculum at 5 dS m-1 resulted in significantly higher dry weight of the shoots and roots of seedlings (9.29 and 1.24 g, respectively) which was due to the increased SPAD value, proline content (7.55 µmol g-1 FW), and antioxidant enzyme activity in the inoculated plants. The higher accumulation of osmoprotectants such as proline supported Na+ ion reduction and antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase and reduced polyphenol oxidase content protect against higher cellular damage, eventually leading to increase plant growth performance in saline soil. This study demonstrates some positive effects of the locally isolated salt tolerant consortium PGPR strains on the growth of rice plants under salt stress conditions.

Abstract Biorefineries are strategic actors in economic, social, and environmental aspects, which must consider energy transition policies and the objectives of a circular and sustainable economy. Despite its potential to reduce greenhouse gases, the impact of bioenergy technology in biorefineries linked to sugarcane must be evaluated and addressed to ensure its sustainable growth on the environment, biodiversity, water resources, and use from the earth. From the point of view of CO2 capture, Colombia has been advancing in policies for the implementation of carbon capture, use, and storage technology. The use of biogas from residual biomass opens a range of opportunities and challenges for the country. This review contributes to the implementation of bioenergy technologies with CO2 capture in biorefineries associated with sugarcane and could be useful to guide professionals in decision-making and future research on sustainable biorefineries.

Resumen Las biorrefinerías son actores estratégicos en aspectos económicos, sociales y ambientales, que deben considerar las políticas de transición energética y los objetivos de una economía circular y sostenible. A pesar de su potencial para reducir gases de efecto invernadero, el impacto de la tecnología bioenergética en biorrefinerías vinculadas a la caña de azúcar debe evaluarse y abordarse para asegurar su crecimiento sostenible en el medio ambiente, la biodiversidad, los recursos hídricos y el uso de la tierra. Desde el punto de vista de captura de CO2, Colombia ha venido avanzando en las políticas para la implementación de la tecnología de captura, uso, y almacenamiento de carbono. El aprovechamiento de biogás a partir de la biomasa residual abre un abanico de oportunidades y desafíos para el país. Esta revisión contribuye a la implementación de tecnologías de bioenergía con captura de CO2 en biorrefinerías asociadas a la caña de azúcar y que podría ser útil para guiar a los profesionales en la toma de decisiones y las investigaciones futuras sobre biorrefinerías sostenibles.

Abstract Introduction Floods are a common phenomenon in flat ecosystems with deficiencies in river drainage, impacting the local and regional economy. They can be identified and analyzed by remote sensing. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two normalized water indices during periods of maximum and minimum annual precipitation for the identification of flooding in the Salado River Basin, Argentina. Materials and methods The years with maximum and minimum annual precipitation in the period 2001-2020 were derived from satellite estimates of monthly precipitation provided by NASA through Google Earth Engine. Floods were identified using Landsat images, applying two normalized water indices (NDWI -Normalized Difference Water Index- and modified NDWI) to evaluate their performance in generating binary images that better represent the reality of the study area. Results and discussion Both indices showed good capability in identifying permanent or semi-permanent watercourses and water bodies; however, only the NDWI demonstrated higher effectiveness in identifying flooded areas with shallow depths (5 to 15 cm). The use of the Landsat mid-infrared band (1 566 - 1 651 µm) is less sensitive to water sediment load and can reflect subtle differences in it, providing a greater ability to delineate the water-soil boundary. Conclusion The use of NDWI showed a suitable behavior for the identification of flooded areas in very low slope ecosystems

Resumen Introducción Los anegamientos son fenómenos frecuentes en ecosistemas llanos con deficiencias en el drenaje fluvial que afectan la economía local y regional. Estos pueden ser identificados y analizados mediante teledetección. Objetivo Evaluar el desempeño de dos índices normalizados de agua, en épocas de precipitación anual máxima y mínima, para la identificación de anegamientos en la cuenca del río Salado, Argentina. Materiales y métodos Los años con precipitación anual máxima y mínima en el periodo 2001-2020 se obtuvieron de estimaciones satelitales de precipitación mensual provistas por la NASA a través de Google Earth Engine. Los anegamientos se identificaron con imágenes Landsat, a través de la aplicación de dos índices normalizados de agua (NDWI, por sus siglas en inglés -Normalized Difference Water Index- y NDWI modificado) con la finalidad de evaluar su desempeño en la obtención de imágenes binarizadas que representen mejor la realidad del área de estudio. Resultados y discusión Ambos índices tuvieron buena capacidad para la identificación de los cursos y cuerpos de agua permanente o semipermanente; sin embargo, solo el NDWI demostró mayor capacidad para la identificación de áreas anegadas con escasa profundidad (5 a 15 cm). El empleo de la banda del infrarrojo medio de Landsat (1 566 - 1 651 µm) es menos sensible a la carga de sedimentos del agua y es capaz de reflejar diferencias sutiles en ella, lo que proporciona una mayor capacidad para delinear el límite agua-suelo. Conclusión El empleo del NDWI demostró un comportamiento adecuado para la identificación de zonas anegadas en ecosistemas de muy baja pendiente.

The number of people on Earth and human activities are currently taking on frightening proportions with far-reaching consequences for our planet, its biodiversity and ultimately the human race itself. Ten thousand years ago, humans represented 1% of the total biomass of all land vertebrates. The rest was made up by wild animals. Currently, humans, livestock and pets make up 99% of terrestrial vertebrate biomass, while wild animals represent only 1%. It took millennia for the human population to reach the 1 billion mark and that only by 1890. By 1960, however, the world population had grown to 3 billion. Today there are 8 billion people living on our planet. According to Population Matters, the world population will be approximately 10,4 billion by the end of this century, despite the gradual decline in the growth rate in some countries. There is only a 23% chance that the total population growth rate will tail off before 2100. The population of the 47 least developed countries is likely to triple between 2017 and 2100 to around 3 billion. There are currently 62 million people in South Africa. About 67,9% of our population (in 2021) live in urban areas. The South African population grew by 0,87% in 2023. The fertility rate is 2,30 (2023). It is estimated that by 2050 75,5 million people will be living in South Africa, with 8 out of every 10 people living in urban areas, which would significantly increase the pressure on infrastructure. The Global Footprint Network states that humans currently use the resources of 1,75 Earths. If the situation does not improve, by 2050 we would need the equivalent of three Earths to survive. More than 4 billion people will have little or no water by 2050, and South Africa even now has been classified as a "water-stressed" country. Medical science is continually contributing to more babies surviving their entry into the world and to our living increasingly longer. Life expectancy has risen from 46 years in 1950 to 73,2 years in 2023. By 2050 it will be 77 years. What can be done? Empowerment of women is important. Population growth can be curbed to a reasonable extent by giving more girls access to education. This certainly does not mean that girls or women alone should be held responsible for the current population growth, but much more will have to be done about sex education, women's rights will have to be actively promoted and there will have to be better provision and use of contraceptives. Obviously, these issues should be approached and handled with due caution. In this regard, countries such as Thailand and South Korea have, in the recent past, proved that good education may result in lower birth rates. In Africa, women with no education have an average of 5,4 children; women who completed high school an average of 2,7 children and women with tertiary education an average of 2.2. In Nigeria, every year of school attendance by girls cuts the birth rate by a tenth. In addition, intensified efforts to reform economies and societies should be considered. For the sake of the survival of the human species and the sustainability of the Earth, ecological and economic justice and the empowerment ofwomen have to be encouraged. The Millennium Project - a global participatory think tank that was founded in 1996 under the auspices of the American Council for the United Nations University, but which became independent in 2009 and has since grown into a global network of institutions and individuals - aims to improve humankind's prospects for a better future. It recommends, among other things, the following: • Support a policy aimed at improving the survival of children, responsible family planning and educational opportunities for (especially) girls. • Improve methods that will ensure skills and employment opportunities for young people, as well as care and services for the elderly. • Implement the UN's urban agenda. • Create enough smart cities where citizens with urban intelligence can help in eco-smart ways with the necessary improvements in the city. • Increase training in resilience, and improve disaster prediction and management. • Provide guidance for people about urban ecology. • Intensify research and development in saltwater agriculture (halophytes or salt plants) on coastlines to produce food for humans and animals, biofuel and pulp for the paper industry, and to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2). This will ease the pressure on freshwater agriculture. • Improve agricultural and irrigation management. • Invest in precision agriculture and aquaculture. • Reduce food losses from the "farm to the mouth" (one third or 1,3 billion tons of agricultural production is wasted in this way every year). • Establish seaweed to restore wild fish populations along coastlines. The World Bank estimates that 90% of marine life is completely depleted. • Expand the production of insects for animal feed and human diets (insects have a low environmental impact, and 2 billion people already supplement their diet with insects today). • Encourage vegetarianism. Although there are more ways to address these important global challenges, responsible family planning remains one of the most important. This is an extremely sensitive issue for many people (especially in Africa), but if it is not promoted in a humane, informed and responsible way, the sustainability of life on our planet will increasingly come under tremendous pressure in various respects.

Die aantal mense op aarde en hulle/ons aktiwiteite neem tans skrikwekkende afmetings aan met wydlopende gevolge vir ons planeet, biodiversiteit en uiteindelik onsself. Die moderne mens het sy teenwoordigheid op die aarde en die benutting van hulpbronne baie lank as sy onaantasbare reg gesien. Die huidige uitwerking van byvoorbeeld bevolkingsgroei en besoedeling versteur die aarde se natuurlike ritme in so 'n mate dat ons nou nie meer op 'n kitsoplossing kan hoop nie. Die mens se getalle neem teen so 'n tempo toe dat dit nie net nadelig vir die planeet is nie, maar ook vir die mensdom self. Wat kan gedoen word? Bemagtiging van vroue speel 'n belangrike rol. Dit beteken beslis nie dat meisies en vroue alleen vir die huidige bevolkingsgroei verantwoordelik gehou moet word nie. Die bevolkingsgroei kan egter in 'n redelike mate vertraag word deur veral meer meisies toegang tot onderwys en opleiding te gee - asook hul lewensomstandighede te verbeter. Ook sal daar heelwat meer aan seksopvoeding gedoen moet word, vroueregte sal daadwerklik bevorder moet word en daar sal beter voorsiening en gebruik van voorbehoedmiddels moet wees. Uiteraard moet hierdie kwessies met die nodige omsigtigheid benader en hanteer word. In hierdie verband kan onder andere Thailand en Suid-Korea genoem word wat in die onlangse verlede bewys het dat goeie onderwys geboortesyfers laat daal. In Afrika het vroue wat geen onderwys ontvang nie, gemiddeld 5,4 kinders; vroue wat hoërskool voltooi het gemiddeld 2,7 kinders en vroue wat tersiêre studie deurloop het, gemiddeld 2,2 kinders. In Nigerië sny elke jaar wat meisies skool bywoon, die geboortesyfer met 'n tiende. Hiermee saam sal daar ook verskerpte pogings moet wees om ekonomieë en samelewings te hervorm. Ter wille van die mens se voortbestaan en die volhoubaarheid van lewe op aarde moet ekologiese en ekonomiese geregtigheid, en die bemagtiging van vroue aangemoedig word.

ABSTRACT: Biodegradable packaging is a sustainable alternative to conventional plastic packaging but still has insurmountable disadvantages. The effect of hydroxyapatite (HAp) incorporation on the physical, mechanical, thermal and flame-retardant properties of rice husk-based biodegradable packaging was evaluated. HAp was obtained from poultry industry waste. The containers were obtained by thermo-pressing using 10%, 15% and 20% rice husk fibre (RHP) and incorporating 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% HAp. A 118.84% reduction in water absorption was observed in the trays with 5% HAp compared to the control. Mechanical properties were improved in the trays with 1% and 5% HAp (6.05 and 8.85 kg-f hardness and maximum tensile strength, respectively). The incineration time was 53.27 s in trays with 5% HAp; whereas, in the control trays, the average time was 35.16 s, and they also presented greater thermal stability. It was demonstrated that the incorporation of HAp in the formulation of biodegradable trays reduces their water absorption capacity and improves their thermal and flame-retardant properties.

RESUMEN: Los envases biodegradables son una alternativa sostenible a los envases convencionales de plástico, pero aún presentan desventajas insalvables. Se evaluó el efecto de la incorporación de hidroxiapatita (HAp) en las propiedades físicas, mecánicas, térmicas e ignífugas de los envases biodegradables a base de cáscara de arroz. La HAp se obtuvo a partir de residuos de la industria avícola. Los envases se obtuvieron por termo-prensado utilizando 10%, 15% y 20% de fibra de cascarilla de arroz (FCA) e incorporando 0%, 1%, 3% y 5% de HAp. Se observó una reducción del 118,84% en la absorción de agua en las bandejas con un 5% de HAp en comparación con el control. Las propiedades mecánicas mejoraron en las bandejas con 1% y 5% de HAp (6,05 y 8,85 kg-f de dureza y resistencia máxima a la tracción, respectivamente). El tiempo de incineración fue de 53,27 s en bandejas con 5% de HAp; mientras que, en las bandejas de control, el tiempo medio fue de 35,16 s, además presentaron mayor estabilidad térmica. Se demostró que la incorporación de HAp en la formulación de bandejas biodegradables reduce su capacidad de absorción de agua y mejora sus propiedades térmicas e ignífugas.

Abstract To effectively address the grand challenges of our time, we cannot simply tinker around the edges by fixing market failures. We must actively shape markets to deliver on the objective of generating more sustainable and inclusive growth. This paper argues that an objective-oriented economy requires a market-shaping approach; one that accompanies the concept of the public good with the common good framing that is needed to design the interface for this collaboration. This is about structuring the conditions and governance mechanisms that shape the capabilities, tools, institutions, and partnerships needed to take concrete action. Building collective intelligence into these dimensions ex-ante is essential for maximising public value for all actors involved. This paper sets out how a market-shaping and common good framing can be conceptualised and brought together. Importantly, missions can be used to orient and coordinate policies, institutions, innovation, and investments around clear, ambitious, and measurable goals. Further, this paper addresses the implications for key global challenges, from climate change to pandemics.

Resumen Para abordar de manera efectiva los grandes desafíos de nuestro tiempo, no podemos simplemente hacer pequeños ajustes y arreglar las fallas del mercado. Tenemos que formar activamente los mercados para cumplir el objetivo de generar un crecimiento más sostenible e inclusivo. Este artículo sostiene que una economía orientada a objetivos requiere un enfoque de configuración del mercado; uno que acompañe el concepto de bien público con el enfoque de bien común necesario para diseñar la interfaz para esta colaboración. Se trata de estructurar las condiciones y los mecanismos de gobernanza que den forma a las capacidades, herramientas, instituciones y asociaciones necesarias para tomar medidas concretas. Desarrollar inteligencia colectiva en estas dimensiones ex ante es esencial para maximizar el valor público para todos los actores involucrados. Este artículo expone cómo se puede conceptualizar y combinar un marco de configuración de mercado y de bien común. Es importante destacar que las misiones pueden utilizarse para orientar y coordinar políticas, instituciones, innovación e inversiones en torno a objetivos claros, ambiciosos y mensurables. Además, este documento aborda las implicaciones para los desafíos globales clave, desde el cambio climático hasta las pandemias.

Abstract Introduction: The aquaculture industry is constantly growing, registering a global production of almost 88 million tonnes by 2020. This industry brings environmental problems if its effluents are not properly treated. In 2020, the first technology-based company of CONICET was established in Argentine Patagonia whose purpose is the aquaculture production of the green sea urchin, Arbacia dufresnii to develop a range of nutraceutical products. Its cultivation system entails a commitment to sustainability since its creation, and yet it generates effluents with high levels of nitrates and phosphates. Objective: Given this scenario, and valuing bioremediation as a water treatment tool, the use of marine microalgae as phytoremediating agents of aquaculture effluent is proposed in this work. Methods: The microalgae Chaetoceros gracilis, Navicula sp., Tetraselmis suecica, Rhodomona salina, Nanochloropsis galvana and Cylindrotheca closterium were use; which are used as food for sea urchins larvae in the production process. An experiment was designed that compares the microalgal growth and the removal capacity of nutrients in the effluent in contrast to the artificial culture medium currently used in the production cycle. Results: It is possible to remedy the aquaculture industry’s effluent by employing the selected microalgae, with a percentage of removal efficiency of 100 % of the nitrate and an average removal efficiency percentage of 50 % for all the microalgae tested. Likewise, significantly higher microalgal biomass values were obtained when the culture was carried out in the effluent the culture in the artificial environment. Conclusions: The advances in research provided in this work show that it is possible to take advantage of a discard to cultivate microalgae, even improving microalgal productivity for use as food, reducing the costs involved in the microalgal production sector by changing the use of the type of current culture medium (F/2) for that from a current discard. These advances, if scaled and validated, can improve industry sustainability standards within the framework of a circular economy.

Resumen Introducción: La industria acuícola está en constante crecimiento, registrando una producción mundial de casi 88 millones de toneladas para el año 2020. Esta industria trae consigo problemas ambientales si sus efluentes no son debidamente tratados. En el 2020, se constituyó la primera empresa de base tecnológica del CONICET en la Patagonia Argentina cuyo propósito es la producción acuícola del erizo verde de mar, Arbacia dufresnii con la finalidad de elaborar una gama de productos nutracéuticos. Su sistema de cultivo conlleva un compromiso de sustentabilidad desde su creación, y sin embargo genera efluentes con niveles altos de nitratos y fosfatos. Objetivo: Ante este escenario, y valorizando la biorremediación como herramienta de tratamiento de aguas, se propone en este trabajo la utilización de las microalgas marinas como agentes fitorremediadores del efluente acuícola. Métodos: Se utilizaron las microalgas Chaetoceros gracilis, Navicula sp., Tetraselmis suecica., Rhodomona salina., Nanochloropsis galvana y Cylindrotheca closterium, las cuales son usadas como alimento de las larvas del erizo en el proceso productivo. Se diseñó un experimento que compara el crecimiento microalgal y la capacidad de remoción de los nutrientes en el efluente en contraste con el medio de cultivo artificial actualmente usado en el ciclo productivo. Resultados: Es posible remediar el efluente de la industria acuícola mediante las microalgas seleccionadas, con porcentaje de eficacia de remoción del 100 % del nitrato y un porcentaje de eficacia de remoción promedio de 50 % para todas las microalgas testeadas. Asimismo, se obtuvieron valores de biomasa microalgal significativamente mayores cuando el cultivo fue realizado en el efluente respecto del cultivo en el medio artificial. Conclusiones: Los avances en investigación proporcionados en este trabajo ponen de manifiesto que es posible el aprovechamiento de un descarte para cultivar las microalgas, incluso mejorando la productividad microalgal para su uso como alimento, disminuyendo los costos involucrados en el sector de producción microalgal cambiando el uso del tipo de medio de cultivo actual (F/2) por el proveniente de un descarte. Estos avances si son escalados y validados, pueden mejorar los estándares de sustentabilidad de la industria en el marco de una economía circular.

ABSTRACT Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is economically important in Xinjiang, China, for many years; Verticillium wilt, arid climate, and soil salinization reduce cotton production, which has inhibited development of the cotton economy. Thus, creating a microbial agent specifically for cotton to resisting environmental stress is crucial. In this study, water dispersible granules strains (Bacillus tequilensis C-9 and B. sphingosporium A1) were screened for antagonistic bacteria of Verticillium dahliae from the rhizosphere soil of Ferula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen, and screened for carrier and auxiliary that could enhance the survival of strains A1+C-9. To test the efficacy and practicality of the water dispersible granules, their growth-promoting effect was examined. Meanwhile, bursts of reactive oxygen species and changes in the physiological indicators related to cotton growth were detected after the application of these granules to cotton that had been subjected to biotic and abiotic stresses to study the ability of the water dispersible granules to induce immunity in cotton. It was found that the treated group could increase the above-ground and below-ground fresh weight of cotton by 20.06% and 22.71% relative to the control group, and the biocontrol effect on cotton was increased by 46.55%. In salt and drought stress, catalase activity could be increased by 14.61% and 15.52%, respectively, relative to the control group. Comprehensive analyses showed that the application of water dispersible granules that contained A1+C-9 helped the cotton to grow and develop, inhibited V. dahliae from infecting cotton plants, reduced the damage from drought and salt stress, and increased the resilience of cotton to stress.

ABSTRACT: In the last decade, the Vilcanota River sub-basin (Cusco, Peru) has shown high water vulnerability due to climate change and anthropogenic pressures typical of the economic model. In a context of pandemic and ecological crisis, addressing the complexity of the value of water becomes pertinent in order to overcome the exclusive use of mechanisms to calculate monetary value or sustain environmental governance based on cost-benefit analysis. The main objective of the study was to analyze water consumption rates in the Vilcanota River sub-basin to integrate management with a vision from ecological economics. To do this, the dynamic factors, impacts and responses of water governance were analyzed, and the problem of value was addressed through the analysis of hydrological flows with the ecological economy approach. A high consumption of the household sector was found (urban: 265151.71 m3/h, rural: 163087.50 m3/h), mainly due to urban expansion, change in land use and other local problems in a mainly agricultural area. where an analysis of the social metabolism in the Vilcanota River sub-basin and the inclusion of complexity management in environmental public policy is necessary.

RESUMEN: En la última década, la subcuenca del río Vilcanota (Cusco, Perú) ha mostrado una alta vulnerabilidad hídrica debido al cambio climático y a las presiones antrópicas propias del modelo económico. En un contexto de crisis pandémica y ecológica, abordar la complejidad del valor del agua se hace pertinente a fin de superar el uso exclusivo de mecanismos para calcular el valor monetario o sostener una gobernanza ambiental basada en el análisis costo-beneficio. El objetivo principal del estudio fue analizar las tasas de consumo de agua en la subcuenca del río Vilcanota para integrar la gestión con una visión desde la economía ecológica. Para ello se analizaron los factores dinámicos, impactos y respuestas de la gobernanza hídrica, y se abordó el problema del valor mediante el análisis de los flujos hidrológicos con el enfoque de la economía ecológica. Se encontró un alto consumo del sector hogares (urbano: 265151,71 m3/h, rural: 163087,50 m3/h), principalmente debido a la expansión urbana, cambio de uso de suelo y otras problemáticas locales sobre una zona principalmente agrícola, donde se hace necesario un análisis del metabolismo social en la subcuenca del río Vilcanota y la inclusión de la gestión de la complejidad en la política pública ambiental.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar indicadores de desnutrición crónica entre niños de 0 a 24 meses en el Sudeste Asiático. Métodos: Esta revisión de alcance se centró en artículos con diseño de estudio observacional publicados en inglés, entre los años 2012 y 2023 de cinco bases de datos internacionales. Las principales palabras clave utilizadas fueron: “stunting (Desnutrición crónica)” o “growth disorder (Desorden del crecimiento)”, y “newborn (Recién nacido)”, y “predict (Predecir)”, y “Southeast Asia (Sudeste Asiático)”. Resultados: De los 27 artículos seleccionados para el análisis final, se encontraron trece indicadores que influyen en la desnutrición crónica en siete países del Sudeste Asiático. Los trece indicadores incluyen el niño, la madre, el hogar, la alimentación inadequada complementaria, la lactancia materna inadecuada, la atención inadecuada, los alimentos de mala calidad, la seguridad de los alimentos y el agua, la infección, la economía política, la salud y la asistencia sanitaria, el agua, el saneamiento y el medio ambiente, y por último el factor sociocultural. Conclusión: Todos estos indicadores pueden provocar desnutrición crónica en niños del Sudeste Asiático. Para poder prevenirlo los prestadores de servicios de salud y otros sectores relacionados, necesitan realizar actividades de promoción y prevención de la salud de acuerdo con los indicadores encontrados en este artículo. Objetivo 2 Asiático Métodos inglés 201 202 internacionales fueron stunting Desnutrición crónica) growth Desorden crecimiento, crecimiento , crecimiento)” newborn Recién nacido, nacido nacido)” predict Predecir, Predecir (Predecir)” Southeast . Asiático)” Resultados final niño madre hogar complementaria inadecuada calidad agua infección política sanitaria ambiente sociocultural Conclusión relacionados artículo 20 crecimiento) nacido) (Predecir) Asiático) (Predecir

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify predictors of stunting among children 0-24 months in Southeast Asia. Methods: This scoping review focused on articles with observational study design in English published from 2012 to 2023 from five international databases. The primary keyword used were: “stunting” OR “growth disorder” AND “newborn” AND “predict” AND “Southeast Asia”. Results: Of the 27 articles selected for the final analysis there are thirteen predictors of stunting in seven Southeast Asia countries. The thirteen predictors include the child, mother, home, inadequate complementary feeding, inadequate breastfeeding, inadequate care, poor quality foods, food and water safety, infection, political economy, health and healthcare, water, sanitation, and environment, and social culture factor. Conclusion: All these predictors can lead to stunting in Southeast Asia. To prevent it, health service providers and other related sectors need to carry out health promotion and health prevention according to the predictors found. Objective 024 0 24 0-2 Methods 201 202 databases were “stunting growth disorder newborn “newborn predict “predict . Asia” Results 2 countries child mother home feeding breastfeeding care foods safety infection economy healthcare sanitation environment factor Conclusion it found 02 0- 20

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar preditores de nanismo entre crianças de 0 a 24 meses no Sudeste Asiático. Métodos: Esta revisão de escopo se concentrou em artigos com desenho de estudo observacional em inglês publicados de 2012 a 2023 em cinco bases de dados internacionais. As palavras-chave primárias usadas foram: “stunting” (nanismo) OU “growth disorder” (distúrbio de crescimento) E “newborn” (recém-nascido) E “predict” (previsão) E “Southeast Asia” (Sudeste Asiático). Resultados: Dos 27 artigos selecionados para análise final, existem treze preditores de nanismo em sete países do Sudeste Asiático. Os treze preditores incluem a criança, a mãe, a casa, a alimentação complementar inadequada, a amamentação inadequada, os cuidados inadequados, os alimentos de má qualidade, a segurança alimentar e da água, a infeção, a economia política, a saúde e os cuidados de saúde, a água, o saneamento e o meio ambiente, e o fator cultura social. Conclusão: Todos estes preditores podem levar ao nanismo no Sudeste Asiático. Para preveni-lo, os prestadores de serviços de saúde e outros setores relacionados precisam realizar a promoção e a prevenção da saúde de acordo com os preditores encontrados. Objetivo 2 Asiático Métodos 201 202 internacionais palavraschave palavras chave foram stunting “stunting (nanismo growth disorder distúrbio crescimento newborn “newborn recémnascido recém nascido (recém-nascido predict “predict previsão (previsão Southeast Asia . Asiático) Resultados final criança mãe casa inadequada inadequados qualidade água infeção política ambiente social Conclusão prevenilo, prevenilo preveni lo, lo preveni-lo encontrados 20

RESUMO O Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL) de apicultura do Vale do Rio Bois em Goiás está em estágio inicial de desenvolvimento e necessita de iniciativas que contribuam para seu desenvolvimento. O estado de Goiás possui condições favoráveis para a apicultura e, portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade do mel produzido a partir de diferentes floradas no APL Apícola do Vale do Rio Bois. Portanto, foram realizadas análises físico-químicas para determinação dos atributos umidade, sólidos insolúveis em água, açúcares redutores, sacarose aparente, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez, pH, atividade diastática, hidroximetilfurfural e cor do mel. Os valores desses atributos foram comparados aos valores recomendados pelo Regulamento Técnico de Identidade e Qualidade do Mel (RTIQM). Os resultados revelaram correlações significativas, principalmente entre umidade e sólidos solúveis totais (r = -1,00), acidez e absorbância (r = 0,91), minerais e pH (r = 0,79) e açúcares redutores e absorbância (r = -0,72). De modo geral, as amostras de mel apresentaram qualidade satisfatória, com valores de apenas algumas amostras estando fora dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação. Esses resultados evidenciaram a importância da utilização das Boas Práticas Apícolas pelos envolvidos na cadeia produtiva da apicultura e na comercialização do mel. Essa iniciativa contribuiria para o fortalecimento do APL apícola do Vale do Rio Bois, melhorando a qualidade do mel, garantindo maior renda aos apicultores e fortalecendo a economia regional. (APL portanto Portanto físicoquímicas físico químicas água aparente diastática RTIQM. RTIQM . (RTIQM) significativas r 1,00, 100 1,00 , 1 00 -1,00) 0,91, 091 0,91 0 91 0,91) 0,79 079 79 0,72. 072 0,72 72 -0,72) geral satisfatória legislação regional (RTIQM 10 1,0 -1,00 09 0,9 9 0,7 07 7 -0,72 1, -1,0 0, -0,7 -1, -0, -1 -0 -

ABSTRACT The Local Production Arrangement (LPA) of beekeeping in the Bois River Valley in Goiás is at an initial stage of development and requires initiatives that would contribute to its development. The Goiás state has favorable conditions for beekeeping, and, therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the quality of honey produced from different floral sources in the Bois River Valley Beekeeping LPA. Physicochemical analyses were, therefore, conducted to determine the moisture, water-insoluble solids, reducing sugars, apparent sucrose, total soluble solids, acidity, pH, diastatic activity, hydroxymethylfurfural, and color attributes of this honey. The determined values of these attributes were compared to the values recommended by the Technical Regulation of Identity and Quality of Honey (TRIQH). The results revealed significant correlations, especially between moisture and total soluble solids (r = -1.00), acidity and absorbance (r = 0.91), minerals and pH (r = 0.79), and reducing sugars and absorbance (r = -0.72). In general, the honey samples exhibited satisfactory quality, with the values of just a few samples being different from the limits established by the legislation. These results highlighted the importance of using Good Beekeeping Practices by those involved in the beekeeping production chain and honey commercialization. This initiative would contribute to strengthening the beekeeping LPA in the Bois River Valley by improving the quality of honey, ensuring higher income for beekeepers, and strengthening the regional economy. (LPA therefore waterinsoluble water insoluble sucrose activity hydroxymethylfurfural TRIQH. TRIQH . (TRIQH) correlations r 1.00, 100 1.00 , 1 00 -1.00) 0.91, 091 0.91 0 91 0.91) 0.79, 079 0.79 79 0.79) 0.72. 072 0.72 72 -0.72) general legislation commercialization beekeepers economy (TRIQH 10 1.0 -1.00 09 0.9 9 07 0.7 7 -0.72 1. -1.0 0. -0.7 -1. -0. -1 -0 -

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de VIUSID VET® líquido (CATALYSIS) en la ganancia media diaria de peso (GMD), la frecuencia y la gravedad de la neumonía en precebas porcinas. Se utilizaron cerdos mestizos al destete (26 días) alojados en grupos de 10 individuos a razón 4,76 m2/cerdo, sobre piso plástico ranurado, dentro de una instalación cerrada con ventilación mecánica mediante extractores. Dos tratamientos consistentes en VIUSID VET® líquido al 0,2 % en el agua de bebida o control se asignaron aleatoriamente. En la evaluación de la GMD se utilizaron 80 precebas porcinas divididas en igual cantidad entre el grupo tratado con VIUSID VET® y el control. Para comparar las de proporciones de pulmones neumónicos se incluyeron 314 individuos (161 tratados con VIUSID VET® y 153 controles), mientras la gravedad de la neumonía incluyó 63 precebas (29 tratadas y 34 controles). VIUSID VET® propició asimetría positiva en la GMD con mayor número de animales por encima de la media del grupo mientras el control mostró asimetría negativa. El tratamiento con VIUSID VET® promovió una prevalencia de neumonía significativamente menor (41,61 % vs 62,74 %), así como tendencia a menor gravedad de este trastorno con valores medios equivalentes a los de la mitad del grupo control. La reducción significativa de la prevalencia de neumonía promovida por VIUSID VET®, permite esperar que su uso en precebas porcinas se acompañe de mejoras del desempeño productivo con beneficios en la economía del productor, así como ambientales como alternativa a los antibióticos.

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of liquid VIUSID VET® (CATALYSIS) on average daily weight gain (ADG), frequency and severity of pneumonia in pre-fattening pigs. Crossbred pigs at weaning (26 days) were housed in cubicles with grooved plastic floors, in groups of 10 individuals at a rate of 4,76 m2/pig, inside a closed facility with forced ventilation by means of extractors. Two treatments consisting of 0.2% liquid VIUSID VET® in the drinking water or control were randomly assigned. In ADG evaluation, 80 pre-fattening pig equally divided between the VIUSID VET®-treated group and the control were used. To compare the proportions of pneumonic lungs, 314 individuals were included (161 treated with VIUSID VET® and 153 controls), while the severity of pneumonia included 63 pre-fattening pigs (29 treated and 34 controls). VIUSID VET® promoted a positive asymmetry in ADG with more animals above the group mean, while the control showed a negative asymmetry. Treatment with VIUSID VET promoted a significantly lower prevalence of pneumonia (41.61 % vs. 62.74 %), as well as a trend towards lower severity of this disorder with mean values equivalent to those of half of the control group. The significant reduction in the prevalence of pneumonia promoted by VIUSID VET®, leads to expect that its use in swine herds will be accompanied by improvements in the productive performance with benefits in the producer's economy, as well as environmental benefits as an alternative to antibiotics.

Resumo: Este artigo analisa a governança da água no Uruguai à luz da sua pior crise hídrica, registrada em 2023, e a partir de uma abordagem de economia política. Para o efeito, reúne dados primários, analisa a regulamentação ambiental e sistematiza os conflitos socioambientais associados aos recursos hídricos. O artigo argumenta que, apesar de a Constituição e a lei consagrarem o direito à água potável e institucionalizarem a participação dos cidadãos na sua gestão, a política hídrica não foi priorizada durante os sucessivos governos. Também argumenta que o fraco funcionamento dos espaços formais de governançã, as dificuldades de ação coletiva dos atores sociais dentro deles e os fracos vínculos entre eles e os partidos políticos, resultam no peso da participação não institucionalizada sobre a participação institucionalizada na canalização dos conflitos socioambientais.

Abstract: This paper analyzes water governance in Uruguay in light of the country’s worst water crisis, registered in 2023, and from a political economy approach. To this end, it gathers primary data, reviews environmental regulations and systematizes socio-environmental conflicts associated with water resources. The paper argues that, although the Constitution and the law enshrine the right to drinking water and institutionalize citizen participation in its management, water policy has not been prioritized during successive governments. It also argues that the weak performance of formal governance bodies, the collective action problems of social stakeholders, and the weak links between them and political parties result in the weighting of non-institutionalized participation over institutionalized participation to channel socio-environmental conflicts.

Resumen: Este artículo analiza la gobernanza del agua en Uruguay a la luz de la peor crisis hídrica registrada en el país, en 2023, y desde un abordaje de economía política. Para ello, recoge información primaria, revisa la normativa ambiental y sistematiza los conflictos socioambientales asociados con los recursos hídricos. El trabajo plantea que, aunque la Constitución y la ley consagran el derecho al agua potable e institucionalizan la participación ciudadana en su gestión, la política hídrica no ha sido priorizada durante sucesivos gobiernos. Asimismo, discute que el débil funcionamiento de los espacios formales de gobernanza, las dificultades de acción colectiva de los actores sociales allí insertos y los endebles vínculos entre estos y los partidos políticos derivan en la ponderación de la participación no institucionalizada sobre la institucionalizada para canalizar conflictos socioambientales.