Resumen El modelo de Psicología del Trabajo se ha destacado en estudios de carrera, explorando cómo las variables contextuales e individuales influyen en la trayectoria profesional. Un concepto clave es la volición, que representa la capacidad de la toma de decisiones de carrera frente a obstáculos. Este estudio buscó adaptar y presentar evidencias de validez de la estructura interna y externa para Brasil de la Work Volition Scale - Student Version. Participaron 590 estudiantes universitarios de diversos cursos y semestres, tanto de instituciones públicas como privadas, con predominio de mujeres (59%). Los análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios demostraron una estructura adecuada con dos dimensiones: restricciones y volición. Además, se identificaron evidencias externas al relacionarlas con la satisfacción en la vida y la carrera. Los resultados indican buenas cualidades psicométricas de la Work Volition Scale - Student Version en el contexto brasileño, contribuyendo a una mejor comprensión de las elecciones de carrera entre los estudiantes universitarios. profesional volición obstáculos 59 semestres privadas 59%. 59% . (59%) dimensiones Además brasileño 5 (59% (59 (5 (

Abstract The Psychology of Working Theory has achieved notable prominence in career studies for its focus on how various - both individual and contextual - influence careers and job outcomes. “Volition” stands out as one of the key elements of this theory, representing the individuals’ ability to make career choices despite obstacles. This study aimed to adapt and validate both internal and external structures of the Work Volition Scale - Student Version (WVS-SV) to Brazil. A total of 590 university students from public and private institutions of varied courses and semesters, mostly women (59%), took part in the study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the scale effectively measured two dimensions: volition and constraints. External evidence, including satisfaction with life and career, supported the theoretical aspects of this construct. The results indicated good psychometric properties of the scale to the Brazilian setting, contributing to a better understanding of career choices among university students. outcomes “Volition theory individuals obstacles WVSSV WVS SV (WVS-SV Brazil 59 semesters 59%, 59% , (59%) dimensions constraints evidence construct setting 5 (59% (59 (5 (

Resumo O modelo da Psicologia do Trabalhar tem se destacado nos estudos de carreira, abordando como variáveis contextuais e individuais influenciam a trajetória profissional. Um conceito-chave é a volição, que representa a capacidade de fazer escolhas de carreira diante de obstáculos. O objetivo desse estudo é adaptar e apresentar evidências de validade de estrutura interna e externa para o Brasil da Work Volition Scale - Student Version. Participaram 590 estudantes universitários de diferentes cursos e semestres, de instituições públicas e privadas, com uma predominância de mulheres (59%). As análises fatoriais exploratórias e confirmatórias mostraram uma estrutura adequada, composta por duas dimensões: restrições e volição. Além disso, identificaram-se evidências externas ao relacionar com a satisfação com a vida e a carreira. Os resultados indicam boas qualidades psicométricas da Work Volition Scale - Student Version no contexto brasileiro, contribuindo para melhorar a compreensão das escolhas de carreira entre os estudantes universitários. profissional conceitochave conceito chave volição obstáculos 59 semestres privadas 59%. 59% . (59%) adequada dimensões disso identificaramse identificaram brasileiro 5 (59% (59 (5 (

Abstract Introduction The Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) defines volition as a person's motivation to engage in an occupation. It encompasses their choice, experience, understanding, and anticipation of that occupation, influenced by personal causation, values, and interests concerning the environment. The Volitional Questionnaire (VQ) is extensively used to measure the volitional component of occupation and evaluate how the environment facilitates or inhibits an individual’s motivation. Prior to the translation of the VQ into Brazilian Portuguese, there were no standardized instruments of this nature in Brazil. Objectives This study aims to outline the process involved in the cross-cultural adaptation of the VQ for Brazilian Portuguese, including assessments of face validity and semantic content validity. Method The translation and cross-cultural adaptation were performed according to established protocols involving translation, back-translation, review by an expert committee, and assessments of face validity and semantic content validity. The expert committee comprised 20 participants: 12 occupational therapists, two final-year undergraduate students in occupational therapy, and six psychologists. Results This study presents the initial outcomes of the VQ’s cross-cultural adaptation, face validity, and semantic content validity. Conclusion The preliminary findings suggest that the VQ’s Brazilian version demonstrates face validity and semantic consistency. The subsequent phase will involve a pre-test and an assessment of psychometric properties. MOHO (MOHO persons person s choice experience understanding causation values (VQ individuals individual Portuguese Brazil crosscultural cross cultural backtranslation, backtranslation back back-translation 2 participants 1 therapists finalyear final year therapy psychologists VQs consistency pretest pre test properties

Resumo Introdução O Modelo de Ocupação Humana (MOHO) define volição como a motivação de uma pessoa para se envolver em uma ocupação. Abrange sua escolha, experiência, compreensão e antecipação dessa ocupação, influenciada por causas pessoais, valores e interesses relativos ao meio ambiente. O Questionário de Volição (VQ) é amplamente utilizado para medir o componente volitivo da ocupação e para avaliar como o ambiente facilita ou inibe a motivação de um indivíduo. Antes da tradução do VQ para o português brasileiro, não existiam instrumentos padronizados dessa natureza no Brasil. Objetivos O objetivo deste estudo é delinear o processo envolvido na adaptação transcultural do VQ para o português brasileiro, incluindo avaliações de validade de face e validade de conteúdo semântico. Método A tradução e adaptação transcultural foram realizadas de acordo com protocolos estabelecidos, envolvendo tradução, retrotradução, revisão por comitê de especialistas e avaliações de validade de face e validade de conteúdo semântico. O comitê de especialistas foi composto por 20 participantes: 12 terapeutas ocupacionais, dois estudantes do último ano da graduação em terapia ocupacional e seis psicólogos. Resultados Este estudo apresenta os resultados iniciais da adaptação transcultural, validade de face e validade de conteúdo semântico do VQ. Conclusão Os resultados preliminares sugerem que a versão brasileira do VQ demonstra validade aparente e consistência semântica. A fase subsequente envolverá o pré-teste e a avaliação das propriedades psicométricas. MOHO (MOHO escolha experiência pessoais (VQ indivíduo brasileiro Brasil estabelecidos retrotradução 2 participantes 1 ocupacionais psicólogos semântica préteste pré teste psicométricas

Abstract: It is proposed a Multi-Agent System based on Piaget’s theory of cognitive development aimed at progressing towards Artificial General Intelligence. Basic elements of Piaget’s theory are presented. Also, the notion of will to power is extended to elucidate what tasks must be given to both, the Psychological and Epistemic subjects. By doing so it is modelled a functional organization in which positive reinforcement cycles help acquiring and organizing knowledge. These cycles are coined by us as volition towards intelligence. Next, an object-oriented model and an agent-based system are designed according to the theoretical background presented. Finally, a mathematical analysis on topology is provided to explain the apparent conundrum between the universal cognitive structures and the individual differences in cognition. Conclusions and future research are outlined.

Abstract This paper shares the results of a feminist research study based on digital ethnography, which presents the analysis of biographical-narrative interviews with 16 childfree women who have experienced social pressure and aggressions related to exercising their reproductive autonomy. The social pressure experienced by these women varied according to their age, geographic location, and religious context in which they lived. Furthermore, it was possible to classify the aggressions into three types: threats to the future, infantilisation and denigration.

Resumen En este trabajo se comparte el resultado de una investigación feminista, realizada desde la etnografía digital y entrevistas biográfico-narrativas, con 16 mujeres que decidieron no tener descendencia, quienes han experimentado presión social y agresiones, relacionadas con el ejercicio de su autonomía reproductiva. La presión social varía según edad, procedencia geográfica y la religiosidad del contexto en el que se desenvuelven y fue posible clasificar las agresiones en tres tipos: amenazas de futuro, infantilización y desvalorización.

Resumo Neste artigo apresentam-se os resultados de uma pesquisa feminista, desenvolvida a partir da etnografia digital e entrevistas biográfico-narrativas com 16 mulheres que decidiram não ter filhos/as, e que sofreram pressões sociais e agressões relacionadas com o exercício da sua autonomia reprodutiva. A pressão social varia conforme a idade, a origem geográfica e a religiosidade do contexto em que vivem. Foi possível classificar as agressões em três tipos: ameaças ao futuro, infantilização e desvalorização.

Resumen El autismo es un desorden del neurodesarrollo caracterizado por una alteración cualitativa en la interacción social y la comunicación, asociada a intereses restringidos y conductas estereotipadas. Puede asociarse a problemas médicos como epilepsia, disfunciones gastrointestinales, trastornos de sueño, otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo como deterioro del lenguaje, discapacidad intelectual, disfunciones sensoriales, TDA/H, torpeza motriz y/o trastornos neuropsiquiátricos como ansiedad, depresión, catatonia, esquizofrenia, trastornos obsesivo-compulsivo, trastornos de conducta e impulsividad, entre otros. La catatonía es reconocida como un síndrome neuropsiquiátrico identificado en todos los trastornos psicóticos y del estado de ánimo mayor, debido a condiciones médicas generales o como un síndrome no especificado de otra manera; esto permite codificar la catatonia en el contexto de otros trastornos psiquiátricos o del neurodesarrollo, como el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo o el autismo. Se caracteriza por síntomas motores, vocales y conductuales anormales, con alteración de la volición y la función vegetativa. Se estima que aproximadamente entre el 8 y 11 % de las personas autistas padecen catatonia. Es probable que haya un subregistro de catatonía, en especial en personas con autismo, debido a la falta de alerta sobre la misma, la heterogenicidad clínica y la similitud de muchos de sus síntomas con manifestaciones del autismo. Incluso muchas veces puede expresarse como una regresión autista tardía desde la pubertad a la vida adulta. Sus bases neurobiológicas aún no son claras y el tratamiento se basa en la administración de bensodiazepinas y la terapia electroconvulsiva, aunque es mucho el camino que aún queda por investigar en estos temas.

Abstract Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a qualitative alteration in social interac tion and communication, associated with restricted interests and stereotyped behaviors. It can be associated with medical problems such as epilepsy, gastrointestinal dysfunction, sleep disorders, other neurodevelopmental disorders such as language impairment, intellectual disability, sensory dysfunction, ADH/D, motor clumsiness, and/or neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, catatonia, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorders, behavioral and impulsive disorders, among others. Catatonia is recognized as a neuropsychiatric syn drome identified in all major mood and psychotic disorders, due to general medical conditions or as a syndrome not otherwise specified; this allows catatonia to be coded in the context of other psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder or autism. It is characterized by abnormal motor, vocal, and behavioral symptoms, with impaired volition and vegetative function. It is estimated that approximately 8-11% of autistic people suffer from catatonia. It is probable that there is an underreporting of catatonia, especially in people with autism, due to the lack of alertness about it, the clinical heterogeneity and the similarity of many of its symptoms with manifestations of autism. Many times it can even express itself as a late autistic regression from puberty to adult life. Its neurobiological bases are still not clear and the treatment is based on the administration of bensodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy although there is still a long way to go to investigate these issues.

Resumen La teoría según la cual las acciones humanas son eventos causados por otros eventos según leyes de la naturaleza, inspirada en el pensamiento de David Hume, ha predominado en la filosofía de la acción contemporánea. Algunos se han opuesto a dicho planteamiento, proponiendo que la causa última de las acciones humanas es el agente. Entre ellos ha destacado Richard Taylor, quien se inspiró en Thomas Reid, filósofo ilustrado escocés contemporáneo de Hume, cuya noción de la agencia moral tiene una importancia histórica especial, a pesar de encontrarse implícita en la filosofía antigua y medieval, porque distingue con agudeza la noción de agencia de la noción de evento como causa de las acciones morales. Dicha contraposición abre otra discusión: ¿en qué consiste pues la actividad del agente? Tanto Reid en la Ilustración, como Taylor, en la filosofía contemporánea, responden a esta pregunta desde la experiencia, sin fundamentarse en antiguos esquemas metafísicos. Sin embargo, Reid descubre, por inducción experiencial, que la voluntad es una causa metafísica eficiente, por lo cual puede completar el planteamiento de Taylor, quien evita hablar de causas de las acciones por su connotación contemporánea, diciendo que el inicio de las acciones estaría solo en razones y propósitos.

Abstract The theory according to which human actions are events caused by other events depending on laws of nature, inspired on the thought of David Hume, has predominated in contemporary philosophy of action. Some have opposed this approach, proposing that the ultimate cause of human actions is the agent. Prominent among them has been Richard Taylor, who was inspired by Thomas Reid, a Scottish Enlightenment philosopher contemporary of Hume, whose notion of moral agency is of special historical importance, despite being implicit in ancient and medieval philosophy, because it sharply distinguishes the notion of agency from the notion of event as the cause of moral actions. Such a contraposition opens up another discussion: in what does the agent's activity consist in? Both Reid, in the Enlightenment, and Taylor, in contemporary philosophy, answer this question from experience, without relying on old metaphysical schemes. However, Reid discovers, by experiential induction, that the will is an efficient metaphysical cause, so he can complete Taylor's approach, who avoids speaking of causes of actions because of its contemporary connotation, saying that the beginning of actions would be only in reasons and purposes.

ORIENTATION: Expatriates must adjust to geographical and cultural gap, a change that demands cultural intelligence (CQ). Chinese self-initiated expatriates (SIEs), who have travelled out of their own volition with no institutional support, are in Ghana for investment opportunities due to Ghana's political stability and the recently discovered oil in commercial quantities. RESEARCH PURPOSE: The study purpose was to examine which construct of CQ (metacognitive CQ, cognitive CQ, behavioural CQ and motivational CQ) best predicts interactional adjustment (IA) of Chinese SIEs in Ghana MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: These business opportunities in Ghana for the Chinese SIEs come together with a new set of challenges - inability of most Chinese SIEs to interactionally adjust to the Ghanaian cultural context. The SIEs could be particularly susceptible to cultural failure because they have no institutional support. RESEARCH DESIGN, APPROACH AND METHOD: This study had a sample size of 397 Chinese SIEs and used quantitative design. Data for this study were gathered using an online survey and analysed using partial least square (PLS)-structural equation model. A number of fundamental analyses were performed, including a description of data entry, missing value processing, outlier handling, assessing normalcy and linearity, and analysing measurement reliability and validity issues. The bivariate correlations between principal variables were investigated. MAIN FINDINGS: A positive relationship between all constructs of CQ and IA of Chinese SIEs in Ghana was found by the study. PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The study suggests that cross-cultural managers and expatriate coaches should focus their training on the four constructs of CQ for effective IA of SIEs. CONTRIBUTION/VALUE ADDED: This study contributes to CQ research on SIEs' cross-cultural assimilation, and it will serve as a reference for further studies.

This article closely examines the content of an important passage in Maximos the Confessor's Ad Thalassium 42, in which we can identify a ternary soteriological structure (Adam-Christ-us) recurring in the work of the Byzantine theologian. The main focus of the article is to highlight and analyse the relationship that he evokes, but does not detail, between human nature and the exercise of will - in the case of Adam, as the protological and lapsarian exemplar of humanity; in the case of Christ, as its teleological and soteriological exemplar; and in the case of us, as natural descendants of the former and possible spiritual followers of the latter. CONTRIBUTION: This article highlights a general soteriological structure and the circular dynamics between nature and will as the central anthropological mechanism of this structure, both of which are relevant to Maximos the Confessor's entire work in general and to his moral psychology, including his concept of the passions, in particular.

Resumen En ocasiones, las discusiones sobre la libertad se centran en partes específicas del fenómeno, reduciéndola a elementos particulares del ser y no a su completitud. Por lo tanto, la intención de este escrito es construir una narrativa de la libertad humana como formación ontológica desde las condiciones previas que permiten su constitución hasta la forma en la que la ejercemos. Así, este texto representa el camino que transita el ser para ejercer su libertad.

Abstract Sometimes discussions of freedom focus on specific parts of the phenomenon, reducing it to elements of the being and not to its completeness. Therefore, the intention of this paper is to create a narrative of human freedom as an ontological condition, starting from the preconditions that allow its constitution, to the way in which we exercise it. Thus, this text represents the path that the being travels to exercise its freedom.

Abstract: In this work, the answers that Miguel de Unamuno offers to the problem of the consciousness of being as an essential part of the biographical construction are explored. From some of his most representative works but, above all, through the most genuinely existentialist, Del sentimiento trágico de la vida (1913), we try to clarify the argumentative codes on which Unamuno develops, sometimes abruptly, the ideas of memory, intimacy or sameness, as well as the tribulations that these provoke him with regard to two of the doctrinal areas that most define him as a philosopher: the doctrine of man in flesh and bone and the doctrine of the immortality of the flesh. We note how both doctrines, uniquely constructed from a notion of incarnate consciousness, are resolved as a volition of corporeal survival.

Resumen: En este trabajo se indaga en las respuestas que Miguel de Unamuno (1864 - 1936) ofrece al problema de la conciencia de ser como parte esencial de la construcción biográfica. A partir de algunas de sus obras más representativas pero, sobre todo, a través la más genuinamente existencialista, Del sentimiento trágico de la vida (1913), tratamos de esclarecer los códigos argumentales sobre los que Unamuno desarrolla, a veces abruptamente, las ideas de memoria, intimidad o mismidad así como las tribulaciones que estas le provocan respecto de dos de los ámbitos doctrinales que más le definen como filósofo: la doctrina del hombre de carne y hueso y la doctrina de la inmortalidad. Constatamos cómo ambas doctrinas, singularmente construidas a partir de la noción de conciencia encarnada, se resuelven a través de la conciencia de singularidad y esta, a su vez, como volición de pervivencia corpórea.

Resumo Volição é a percepção individual sobre a possibilidade de fazer escolhas e tomar decisões de carreira, apesar das restrições apresentadas pelo ambiente externo à pessoa. Trata-se de um conceito relevante na Teoria da Psicologia do Trabalhar em que se destacam os fatores contextuais e o papel que a classe social, privilégio e liberdade de escolha têm na construção de carreira dos trabalhadores. O objetivo deste estudo é adaptar e levantar evidências iniciais de validade para o Brasil da Work Volition Scale. Participaram desta pesquisa 584 trabalhadores brasileiros de diferentes extratos sociais, e os resultados apontaram, a partir de procedimentos fatoriais confirmatório, multigrupo e análise de correlações, uma adequação da estrutura interna de três dimensões, invariância para sexo, classe social subjetiva e forma de aplicação. Os resultados sugerem uma associação positiva para volição e satisfação com o trabalho, enquanto as restrições financeiras se relacionam negativamente com a satisfação com o trabalho e vida. O estudo avança com perspectiva inclusiva nos estudos de carreira e disponibiliza um instrumento para progresso de pesquisas, prática de orientação de carreira e políticas públicas no Brasil.

Abstract Volition is the individual perception of one’s ability to make decisions and career choices despite constraints by the external environment. It is a relevant concept in the Psychology Working Theory, which highlights the role played by contextual factors, social class, privilege, and freedom of choice in career building. This study’s objective was to adapt the Work Volition Scale to the Brazilian context and find initial validity evidence. The sample was composed of 584 Brazilian workers from different social strata. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis and analysis of correlations indicated that the three-dimensional internal structure is adequate; invariance was found for sex, subjective social class, and the strategies used to apply the instrument. Furthermore, the results suggest a positive association between volition and job satisfaction, while financial constraints are negatively related to job satisfaction and satisfaction with life. The results contribute to studies on career and provide an instrument to be used in vocational and career counseling and research to support public policy from a more inclusive perspective.

Abstract The present paper analyzes the reforms of the social security model after 1988. From the evaluation of the path that has been traced by the derived constituent ruling and through the use of the categories “real factors of ruling” of Lassalle and Hesse’s “volition of the constitution”, seeks to identify which are the forces that guided the Constituent Assembly of 1988 and which are those that have been influencing the process of constitutional reform in the social security field. The research was constructed using the inductive method, starting with the evaluation of the changes introduced in the social security model in order to identify if there is a correlation between the actual factors of ruling present in the elaboration of the 1988 constitutional text and those that have orientated the reforms social security. real Hesses Hesse s volition constitution, constitution , constitution” 198 field method 19 1

Resumo O presente trabalho analisa as reformas do modelo de Previdência Social pós 1988. A partir da avaliação do caminho que vem sendo trilhado pelo poder constituinte derivado e mediante a utilização das categorias “fatores reais do poder” de Lassalle e “vontade de constituição” de Hesse, procura-se identificar quais são as forças que nortearam o Constituinte de 1988 e quais são as que vêm influenciando o processo de reforma constitucional no campo previdenciário. A pesquisa foi feita mediante a utilização do método indutivo, partindo da avaliação das alterações introduzidas no modelo previdenciário, a fim de identificar se existe correlação entre os fatores reais do poder presentes na elaboração do texto constitucional de 1988 e os que vêm orientando as sucessivas reformas previdenciárias. vontade constituição Hesse procurase procura 198 previdenciário indutivo previdenciárias 19 1

Abstract The paper systematizes the contributions of the 19 and 20st Century’s Chilean penal doctrine to the definition of intent, in order to establish if certain cases in which there is no intention to carry out the elements of the type are included in it. Although it is described as intention or as “knowledge and willingness to carry out the typical act”, various situations and mechanisms are identified by which the doctrine of that time admits the possibility of imputing intent in unintentional situations.

Resumen El trabajo sistematiza las contribuciones de la doctrina penal chilena del siglo XIX y XX para caracterizar el dolo, a fin de establecer si se incluye en él ciertos casos en que no hay intención de realizar los elementos del tipo. Aunque se le describe como intención o como “conocimiento y voluntad de realizar el hecho típico”, resulta posible identificar diversas situaciones y mecanismos por los que la doctrina de esa época admite la posibilidad de imputar a título de dolo en situaciones no intencionales.

Resumo Este artigo trata da promoção da leitura na escola. Há diversas razões teóricas e evidências prévias a favor da integração do movimento físico no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Busca-se entender se essa integração é plausível especificamente para a aprendizagem da leitura e como ela pode ocorrer. Por meio de uma revisão de literatura, considerando predominantemente estudos da Alemanha, objetiva-se identificar as razões relacionadas ao processo da leitura, da alfabetização e do letramento. Discutem-se as razões à luz do modelo de processamento textual de Walter Kintsch e Teun van Dijk e da teoria de rubicão de Heinz Heckhausen. Apresentam-se razões a respeito de processos cognitivos de leitura, da volição e da motivação que apoiam o pressuposto de que a aquisição da competência de leitura recebe estímulos importantes pela oferta de aulas em movimento. É plausível que a inserção de movimento atue sobre os objetivos que o leitor quer alcançar por meio da leitura. A autoestima corporal parece ter um impacto positivo na volição pela leitura e uma influência no autoconceito do leitor. Expõem-se também algumas atividades de ensino e aprendizagem para aulas fisicamente ativas de leitura ao nível da alfabetização e do letramento, encontradas na literatura específica. Realiza-se uma diferenciação entre atividades de ensino e aprendizagem em movimento que acompanham a aprendizagem e que a facilitam.

Abstract The current article addresses the promotion of reading at school. There is previous evidence and several theoretical arguments in favor of the integration of physical movement in the teaching-learning process. The question is raised as to whether this integration is plausible, specifically for learning to read, and how it could occur. Through a literature review, considering predominantly German studies, the objective is to identify the arguments related to the process of reading and literacy. The arguments are discussed in the light of the Text Processing Model by Walter Kintsch and Teun van Dijk and Heinz Heckhausen’s Rubicon theory. Arguments are presented regarding cognitive reading processes, volition, and motivation, which support the assumption that the acquisition of reading competence gains important stimuli through the offer of classes on the move. It seems plausible that the insertion of movement acts on the goals that the reader wants to achieve through reading. Body self-esteem seems to have a positive impact on volition through reading and an influence on the reader’s self-concept. Some teaching and learning activities are put forward for physically active reading classes in terms of literacy, found in the specific literature. Differentiation is made between teaching and learning activities on the move, which accompany and facilitate learning.

Why should we bear responsibility for the degradation of the environment? A wide range of responses is on offer to this question. Common to them all is that they are all rooted in one or the other ontological and epistemic point of departure or set of premises. This raises the question of the relationship between law and religion and linkages of religion with environmental concerns. What emerges, perhaps against the volition of the scientific world, is that the foundational links between environmental law and religion are significant - even where environmentalists shirk from or even denounce religion. Justification of this view is found in a concise survey of the essence of law and religion. The analysis leads to the notion of stewardship, a concept steeped in, but not exclusive to religion in its diverse manifestations. Examples of ecocentric religious attitudes - ranging from the traditions of the North American Anishinabek, aboriginal Australians and indigenous African culture to Buddhism and Hinduism, Judaism and Christianity in its principal manifestations - provide a broad picture of adherence to beliefs in human responsibility to take care of the environment. This widespread conviction of stewardship endures despite awareness of the human inability to create or sovereignly to determine the course of nature (here termed "the hypothesis of incompetence").