Résumé Le présent travail analyse le discours produit par les généraux des Forces Militaires et les voix des plus hautes autorités politiques de l’ancienne guérilla des FARC-EP, aujourd’hui transformée en le parti politique Comunes. À travers 21 entretiens approfondis avec des acteurs clés, les formes opposées de légitimation, de problématisation et de compréhension de la portée et de la signification de l’Accord de Paix signé en novembre 2016, ainsi que de sa mise en œuvre ultérieure, sont mises en contraste. De cette façon, tant l’institution militaire que la guérilla démobilisée projettent un discours irréconciliable. Bien qu’ils partagent un diagnostic de non-respect de cet Accord, les responsabilités et les accusations suivent des trajectoires très différentes, reflétant la situation de grande polarisation et l’affaiblissement du processus de paix observé ces dernières années. lancienne l ancienne FARCEP, FARCEP FARC EP, EP FARC-EP aujourdhui aujourd hui Comunes 2 clés légitimation lAccord Accord 2016 ultérieure contraste façon linstitution institution irréconciliable quils qu ils nonrespect non respect différentes laffaiblissement affaiblissement années 201 20

Resumo Neste artigo é analisado o discurso produzido pelos generais das Forças Militares e pelas vozes de máxima autoridade política na extinta guerrilha das FARC-EP, que hoje se transformou no partido político Comunes. Por meio de 21 entrevistas em profundidade com atores principais são comparadas as formas opostas de legitimar, problematizar e entender o alcance e significado, tanto do Acordo de Paz assinado em novembro de 2016, quanto de sua subsequente implementação. Assim, tanto o estamento militar quanto a guerrilha desmobilizada projetam um discurso irreconciliável. Embora compartilhem um diagnóstico de descumprimento desse Acordo, as responsabilidades e acusações seguem trajetórias muito diferentes, o que reflete a situação de grande polarização e enfraquecimento do processo de paz experimentado nos últimos anos. FARCEP, FARCEP FARC EP, EP FARC-EP Comunes 2 legitimar significado 2016 implementação Assim irreconciliável diferentes anos 201 20

Abstract The following work analyzes the discourse produced by generals of the Colombian Armed Forces and voices of the highest political authority in the now-defunct Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC-EP) guerrilla, which has transformed into the political party Comunes. To this end, this article analyzes the contrasting ways of legitimizing, problematizing, and understanding the scope and significance of the Peace Agreement signed in November 2016 and its subsequent implementation are examined through 21 in-depth interviews with key actors. Thus, the military establishment and the demobilized guerrilla project an irreconcilable discourse. While they share a diagnosis of non-compliance with the Agreement, the responsibilities and accusations follow very different trajectories, reflecting the great polarity and the weakening of the peace process experienced in recent years. nowdefunct now defunct FARCEP FARC EP (FARC-EP Comunes end legitimizing problematizing 201 2 indepth depth actors Thus noncompliance non compliance trajectories years 20

Resumen El siguiente trabajo analiza el discurso producido por generales de las Fuerzas Militares y voces de máxima autoridad política en la extinta guerrilla de las FARC-EP, transformada hoy en el partido político Comunes. A través de 21 entrevistas en profundidad con actores protagonistas se contrastan las formas opuestas de legitimar, problematizar y entender el alcance y significado, tanto del Acuerdo de Paz suscrito en noviembre de 2016, como de su posterior implementación. Así, tanto el estamento militar como la desmovilizada guerrilla proyectan un discurso irreconciliable. Si bien comparten un diagnóstico de incumplimiento a dicho Acuerdo, las responsabilidades y acusaciones discurren por trayectorias muy diferentes, lo cual refleja la situación de gran polaridad y el debilitamiento del proceso de paz experimentado en los últimos años. FARCEP, FARCEP FARC EP, EP FARC-EP Comunes 2 legitimar significado 2016 implementación Así irreconciliable diferentes años 201 20

Resumen: Este artículo pretende construir un diálogo estético, político y cultural entre dos obras de literatura negra de autoría femenina producidas en Brasil, en un género muy interesante que es la colección, en la que observamos una pulverización de voces en torno a escrituras realizadas en escribivencias (escrevivências) y encuentros ancestrales. Los libros elegidos son: Coletânea de literatura feminina Negra Louva Deusas (2012) y De Zacimbas a Suelys: Coletânea Afro-Tons de expressões artísticas de mulheres negras no Espírito Santo (2017). Siguiendo las circulaciones tanto de las obras como de las artistas, nos hemos ido dando cuenta de que estas publicaciones figuraban como una posibilidad de presentar y dar a conocer a nuevas escritoras, pero también hemos visto emerger experiencias de emancipación subjetiva y económica, en un devenir que es artístico y de confrontación a una realidad de opresión y violencia, en la re-significación de espacios, produciendo un compartir de múltiples voces y contactos de fortaleciendo de ancestralidad. Resumen estético Brasil colección escrevivências (escrevivências ancestrales son 2012 (2012 Suelys AfroTons Afro Tons 2017. 2017 . (2017) artistas escritoras económica violencia resignificación re significación espacios ancestralidad 201 (201 (2017 20 (20 2 (2 (

Resumo: Este artigo pretende construir um diálogo estético, político e cultural entre duas obras da literatura negra de autoria feminina produzida no Brasil, em um gênero bastante interessante que é a coletânea, em que se observa uma pulverização de vozes em torno de escritas feitas em escrevivência e encontros ancestrais. Os livros escolhidos são: Coletânea de literatura feminina negra Louva Deusas (2012) e De Zacimbas a Suelys: Coletânea Afro-Tons de expressões artísticas de mulheres negras no Espírito Santo (2017). Acompanhando as circulações tanto das obras quanto das artistas, fomos percebendo que estas publicações figuraram como possibilidade de apresentar e divulgar novas escritoras, mas também vimos surgir experiências de emancipação subjetiva e econômica, em um devir que é artístico e de enfrentamento a uma realidade de opressão e violências, na ressignificação de espaços, produzindo compartilhamentos em vozes múltiplas e contatos de fortalecimento de ancestralidade. Resumo estético Brasil coletânea ancestrais são 2012 (2012 Suelys AfroTons Afro Tons 2017. 2017 . (2017) artistas escritoras econômica violências espaços ancestralidade 201 (201 (2017 20 (20 2 (2 (

Abstract: This article intends to build an aesthetic, political and cultural dialogue between two works of black literature of female authorship produced in Brazil, in a very interesting genre that is the collection, in which one observes a spraying of voices around texts written in escrevivências and ancestral meetings. The chosen books are: Coletânea de literatura feminina Negra Louva Deusas" (2012) and De Zacimbas a Suelys: Coletânea Afro-Tons de expressões artísticas de mulheres negras no Espírito Santo (2017). Following the circulation of both works and artists, we realized that these publications figured as a possibility to present and disseminate new writers, but we also realized the arising of subjective and economical emancipation, in a becoming that is artistic and of confrontation to a reality of oppression and violence, in the (re)signification of spaces, producing sharing in multiple voices and contacts for ancestry strengthening. Abstract aesthetic Brazil collection meetings are Deusas 2012 (2012 Suelys AfroTons Afro Tons 2017. 2017 . (2017) artists writers emancipation violence resignification re signification spaces strengthening 201 (201 (2017 20 (20 2 (2 (

Neste trabalho, apresento algumas partes da minha dissertação defendida em 2023, onde analiso depoimentos produzidos e compartilhados durante as dinâmicas efetivadas no campo de pesquisa. Realizei observação participante no programa “Território Hip-Hop” da prefeitura de São Paulo – uma iniciativa de política pública conquistada pela militância da cultura Hip-Hop na cidade. Essa imersão permitiu compreender os desenvolvimentos e interações de jovens negros/as e periféricos/as participantes das atividades do programa. Utilizei trechos de rap de artistas como Baco Exu do Blues, Cristal e Djonga para a produção de dados. As músicas foram usadas como provocações, permitindo levantar questões e reflexões, mais do que apenas fornecer respostas definitivas. Organizei um experimento com dois grupos focais e realizei entrevistas semiestruturadas com alguns/as desses/as adolescentes, captando suas perspectivas e conhecimentos situados. Essa abordagem metodológica permitiu uma análise das experiências, das construções de identidades e posicionamentos dos/as jovens, contextualizando suas vivências no cotidiano. Durante a produção e análise dos dados, investiguei as vozes e conhecimentos desses jovens identificados com a cultura Hip-Hop. Busquei compreender os efeitos subjetivos das mensagens de negritude presentes no rap, que descrevem as realidades raciais no Brasil. Desse modo, analisei como essas mensagens influenciam trajetórias e perspectivas de vida, moldando identidades e identificações. As entrevistas e discussões revelaram o rap como uma poderosa ferramenta transformadora que estimula reflexões profundas e transcende a luta contra opressões, sendo um saber realizado pelo corpo e pela voz, representando múltiplas vivências.

In this paper, I present some parts of my dissertation defended in 2023, where I analyze testimonies produced and shared during the dynamics carried out in the research field. I carried out participant observation in the “Território Hip-Hop” program of the city of São Paulo – a public policy initiative achieved by the activism of Hip-Hop culture in the city. This immersion allowed me to understand the dynamics and interactions of young black people and people from the outskirts of the city who participated in the program’s activities. I used rap excerpts from artists such as Baco Exu do Blues, Cristal and Djonga to produce data. The songs were used as provocations, allowing questions and reflections to be raised, rather than just providing definitive answers. I organized an experiment with two focus groups and conducted semi-structured interviews with some of these adolescents, capturing their perspectives and situated knowledge. This methodological approach allowed an analysis of the experiences, identity constructions and positioning of the young people, contextualizing their experiences in everyday life. During the production and analysis of the data, I investigated the voices and knowledge of these young people who identify with Hip-Hop culture. I sought to understand the subjective effects of the messages of blackness present in rap, which describe racial realities in Brazil. In this way, I analyzed how these messages influence life trajectories and perspectives, shaping identities and identifications. The interviews and discussions revealed rap as a powerful transformative tool that stimulates deep reflections and transcends the fight against oppression, being a knowledge carried out by the body and voice, representing multiple experiences.

Abstract Published in 1973 and set in the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship (1964-1985), the novel The girl in the photograph, by Lygia Fagundes Telles, accompanies three young women living in a boarding house who build, in alternate voices, a complex narrative capable of covering both everyday life and the socio-political reality of the period. Through an analysis of law in the literature, the present research focused on the positions of the protagonists of the novel to investigate the many ways that Law can take on in its relationship with people, especially women - or, better, how its presence (or absence) can result in oppression and violence. It was concluded, in the end, not only the revolutionary potential of testimony literature for the revival of collective memory and the denunciation of social injustices but also - and mainly - the permanence of the criticisms extracted from the novel to the sexist, indifferent, and conniving structures of the Brazilian law. 197 civilmilitary civil military 19641985, 19641985 1964 1985 , (1964-1985) photograph Telles build voices sociopolitical socio political period people or better absence violence concluded end sexist indifferent 19 1964198 196 198 (1964-1985 1 196419 (1964-198 19641 (1964-19 (1964-1 (1964- (1964 (196 (19 (1 (

Resumo Publicado em 1973 e ambientado na ditadura civil-militar brasileira (1964-1985), o romance As meninas, de Lygia Fagundes Telles, acompanha três jovens mulheres moradoras de um pensionato que constroem, a vozes alternadas, uma narrativa complexa capaz de abranger tanto o jogo do cotidiano quanto a realidade sociopolítica do período. Por meio de uma análise do direito na literatura, a presente pesquisa se debruçou sobre as posições das protagonistas do romance para investigar as muitas formas de que pode se revestir o Direito em sua relação com as pessoas, especialmente as mulheres - ou, de maneira mais específica, como sua presença (ou ausência) pode resultar em opressão e violência. Concluiu-se, ao fim, não só pelo potencial revolucionário da literatura de testemunho para o avivamento da memória coletiva e a denúncia das injustiças sociais, mas também - e principalmente - pela permanência das críticas extraídas do romance às estruturas sexistas, indiferentes e coniventes do Direito brasileiro. 197 civilmilitar civil militar 19641985, 19641985 1964 1985 , (1964-1985) meninas Telles constroem alternadas período pessoas ou específica ausência violência Concluiuse, Concluiuse Concluiu se, Concluiu-se fim sociais sexistas brasileiro 19 1964198 196 198 (1964-1985 1 196419 (1964-198 19641 (1964-19 (1964-1 (1964- (1964 (196 (19 (1 (

Abstract The intensification of violence and the violation of human rights in migratory crises is currently a central theme in the experimentation of graphic narratives, which have given rise to the hybrid and critical genre represented by the graphic chronicle and the graphic novel of migration. The verbo-visual treatment is analyzed in the series of twelve graphic chronicles of migration “My life as an immigrant in Chile” (2018) of Sábado Magazine, in the newspaper El Mercurio, an agent of public discourse that has consolidated stereotypes and prejudices about the migrant population. Through qualitative content analysis of the image-text articulation, the verb-visual strategies of the graphic chronicle of journalistic and literary tone are examined. The elements that confer authenticity, reliability and veracity to the chronicle were established according to the use of testimony, portraits of the protagonists and contextual data. Likewise, literary elements were determined such as the staging of vulnerability, enhancement of the cultural fabric, multiple narrative voices and the recreation of resilient resistance, which together allude to the human rights perspective. The graphic chronicle intensifies the use of the testimonial voice and omits the author (witness), but the latter appears in the verb-visual articulation in biases and introduction of the ambiguity of migration experiences, and in the relationship with the “distant near”. The graphic chronicle of migration can be significantly modulated by the mediatized public discourse, weakening its critical reading of reality.

Resumen La intensificación de la violencia y la violación a los derechos humanos en las crisis migratorias es en la actualidad una temática central en la experimentación de las narrativas gráficas, las que han originado el género híbrido y crítico representado por la crónica gráfica y la novela gráfica de migración. Se analiza el tratamiento verbo-visual en la serie de doce crónicas gráficas de migración “Mi vida como inmigrante en Chile” (2018) de la Revista Sábado, inserta en el periódico El Mercurio, agente del discurso público que ha consolidado estereotipos y prejuicios sobre la población migrante. A través de análisis de contenido cualitativo de la articulación imagen-texto se examinan las estrategias verbo-visuales de la crónica gráfica de tono periodístico y literario. Los elementos que confieren autenticidad, fiabilidad y veracidad a la crónica se establecieron de acuerdo con el del testimonio, retratos de los protagonistas y datos de contexto. Asimismo, se determinaron los elementos literarios como la puesta en escena de la vulnerabilidad, realce de la trama cultural, de las voces narrativas múltiples y la recreación de la resistencia resiliente, que en conjunto aluden a la perspectiva de derechos humanos. La crónica gráfica intensifica el uso de la voz testimonial y omite la del autor (testigo), pero este último aparece en la articulación verbo-visual en sesgos e introducción de la ambigüedad de las experiencias de la migración, y en la relación con el “lejano próximo”. La crónica gráfica de migración puede ser modulada significativamente por el discurso público mediatizado debilitando su lectura crítica de la realidad.

Resumen: En 1928 se formó la Delhi Health and Social Service Union, que buscaba centralizar y coordinar los varios proyectos de salud pública en la provincia de Delhi. Durante su breve existencia, pues se disolvió en 1932, intervino en áreas como la inspección de niños y niñas en escuelas, el bienestar materno-infantil, la promoción de la salud, la vivienda, el hacinamiento y la mendicidad, entre otras. El análisis de su funcionamiento permitirá entender debates importantes sobre salud pública durante las décadas de 1910 a 1930 que incluían: la relevancia de que la población india interviniera activamente con trabajo voluntario y donaciones, y la participación del gobierno colonial, que daría la pauta, pero sin asumir un compromiso mayor, principalmente de carácter financiero. Sin embargo, había voces críticas que veían la necesidad de que el Estado colonial interviniera de manera más directa y de que hubiera una organización central.

Abstract: In 1928, the Delhi Health and Social Service Union was established to centralize and coordinate the various public health projects in Delhi Province. During its brief existence-it was dissolved in 1932-it intervened in areas such as inspection of school children, maternity and child welfare, health campaigns, housing, overcrowding, and beggary, among others. The analysis of the Union will provide insight into important debates about public health in 1910s, 1920s, and 1930s. This study will examine the relevance of the Indian population’s active participation through volunteer work and donations, and the participation of the colonial government, which would lead the way without assuming full responsibility, particularly in financial matters. However, some critical voices saw the need for more direct colonial state intervention, as well as the need for a central organization.

Abstract This essay resumes the project Mulheres Sempre Presentes (Women Always Present) produced for the exhibition "O Impulso Fotográfico. (Des)arrumar o Arquivo Colonial" (The Photographic Impulse. (Dis)placing the Colonial Archive). The proposal aims to resignify analogue photographs of Portuguese colonial physical anthropology by removing them from their original context and inserting them into a new one. The goal is to stop the reproduction of negative stereotypes about the Black women in these photographs. These stereotypes are prevalent in the archive of colonial anthropology surveys, from which the portraits were selected. The choice of Black women's portraits is intended to honour the enduring struggles undertaken by Black populations throughout history and to underscore their role as agents of historical processes in patriarchal societies, both European and traditional African, where they are often marginalised. The essay also combines the different voices and reflections of its authors, drawing inspiration from Spivak's (1988/2021) essay Pode a Subalterna Tomar a Palavra? (Can the Subaltern Speak?), which addresses the conditions of women when speaking and being heard and interrogates their position of subalternity.

Resumo Este ensaio retoma o projeto Mulheres Sempre Presentes, realizado para a exposição “O Impulso Fotográfico. (Des)arrumar o Arquivo Colonial”. A proposta ressignifica fotografias analógicas de antropologia física colonial portuguesa através de procedimentos de descontextualização e recontextualização, tentando interromper a reprodução de estereótipos negativos sobre as mulheres negras fotografadas, os quais abundam no arquivo das missões de antropologia colonial de onde os retratos foram selecionados. A escolha de retratos de mulheres pretende homenagear a sua presença nas longas lutas levadas a cabo pelas populações negras em diversos momentos da história e afirmar o seu papel de agentes do processo histórico, em sociedades patriarcais, tanto europeias como africanas tradicionais, que tendem a relegá-las para segundo plano. O ensaio conjuga, ainda, diferentes vozes e reflexões das suas autoras, sob influência do texto de Spivak (1988/2021) Pode a Subalterna Tomar a Palavra?, que aborda as condições de fala e de escuta das mulheres e interroga a sua condição de subalternidade.

Resumen La realización del sí mismo representa un cometido que interpela a nuestra propia identidad humana. La heterogeneidad y riqueza de las voces que hablan sobre el cómo responder a ello demandan una deliberación mesurada, tal cosa, es lo que nos proponemos con este breve texto. En ese sentido es notorio que, para algunos pensadores, esta tarea supone un alto costo intersubjetivo que eventualmente nos vemos orillados a pagar. En cambio, para otros, es apremiante establecer un límite a tal importe para, precisamente, salvaguardar al sí mismo. Ante esta escena, acudiremos a la propuesta reflexiva que Albert Camus dispone, porque nos ofrece un examen sensato que procura un balance entre lo que la conducción de la existencia implica y lo que podemos perfilar como una realización compartida.

Abstract Self-realization represents a commitment that challenges our own human identity. The richness and heterogeneity of the voices that speak of how to respond to it demand a measured deliberation. In this sense, it is notorious that, for some, this endeavor involves a high intersubjective cost that we are eventually forced to pay. On the other hand, for others, is urgent to establish a limit to such price in order precisely to safeguard the self. Faced with this scene, we will go to the reflective proposal that Albert Camus has, because it offers us a sensible examination that seeks a balance between what the conduct of the existence implies and what we can outline as a shared realization.

ABSTRACT: This study analyzes the gender roles of female characters portrayed in Peruvian cinema, in comparison to the feminist approach taken in other regions of the world, with the aim of exposing their characteristic features. For this qualitative analysis, the first three films of Claudia Llosa Bueno have been taken as a sample: Madeinusa (2006), La teta asustada (2009) and Loxoro (2012) are taken as a sample. As a general result, it will be noted that there are particularities that are very specific to Peru, according to the customs, memories, bodies, voices and binaristic thoughts that will determine a differentiated representation of the female characters according to their entirely national construction.

RESUMEN: El presente estudio analiza los roles de género en los personajes femeninos que se representan en la cinematografía peruana, en comparación al abordaje feminista que se hace en otras regiones del mundo, con el objetivo de exponer sus rasgos característicos. Para este análisis cualitativo, se han tomado como muestra las tres primeras películas de Claudia Llosa Bueno: Madeinusa (2006), La teta asustada (2009) y Loxoro (2012). Como resultado general, se constatará que existen particularidades muy propias del Perú, según las costumbres, las memorias, los cuerpos, las voces y los pensamientos binaristas que van a determinar una representación diferenciada de los personajes femeninos en función de su construcción íntegramente nacional.

Abstract Objective: Emergence delirium is a common complication in children. Recorded mother’s voice, as a non-pharmacological measure, is increasingly used to prevent the emergence of delirium in pediatric patients, but sufficient evidence is still needed to prove its efficacy. Methods: Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Sinomed databases were searched for randomized controlled trials exploring the efficacy of recorded mother’s voice in preventing the emergence of delirium in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia. The original data were pooled for the meta-analysis with Review Manager 5.4.1. This study was conducted based on the Cochrane Review Methods. Results: Eight studies with 724 children were included in the analysis. Recorded mother’s voice reduced the incidence of emergence delirium when compared with either no voice (RR: 0.45; [95 % CI, 0.34 - 0.61]; p < 0.01; I2 = 7 %) or stranger’s voice (RR: 0.51; [95 % CI, 0.28 - 0.91]; p = 0.02; I2 = 38 %) without increasing other untoward reactions. In addition, it shortened the post-anesthesia care unit stay time when compared with no voice (MD = -5.64; [95 % CI, -8.43 to -2.58]; p < 0.01, I2 = 0 %), but not stranger’s voice (MD = -1.23; [95 % CI, -3.08 to 0.63]; p = 0.19, I2 = 0 %). It also shortened the extubation time and reduced the incidence of postoperative rescue analgesia. Conclusion: The current analysis indicated that recorded mother’s voices could reduce the incidence of emergency delirium, shorten post-anesthesia care unit stay time and extubation time, and decrease the incidence of postoperative rescue analgesia in children. Objective mothers mother s nonpharmacological non pharmacological measure Methods Embase PubMed Library Science CINAHL anesthesia metaanalysis meta 541 5 4 1 5.4.1 Results 72 RR (RR 0.45 045 45 95 [9 CI 034 34 0.3 0.61 061 61 0.61] 0.01 001 01 I strangers stranger 0.51 051 51 028 28 0.2 0.91 091 91 0.91] 0.02 002 02 3 reactions addition postanesthesia post MD 5.64 564 64 -5.64 8.43 843 8 43 -8.4 2.58 258 2 58 -2.58] %, , 1.23 123 23 -1.23 3.08 308 08 -3.0 0.63 063 63 0.63] 019 19 0.19 %. . Conclusion 54 5.4. 0.4 04 9 [ 03 0. 0.6 06 6 0.0 00 0.5 05 0.9 09 5.6 56 -5.6 8.4 84 -8. 2.5 25 -2.58 1.2 12 -1.2 3.0 30 -3. 0.1 5.4 5. -5. 8. -8 2. -2.5 1. -1. 3. -3 -5 -2. -1 -2

Resumen (Introducción): Se presenta una parte de los hallazgos de la investigación Sentido de Respeto a la Vida: Entre el Otro-Silencioso y la Escuela, desarrollada en el marco de la Maestría en Educación de la Universidad del Cauca, Colombia. Se comprende el modo en que el ser humano se ha situado como ''ser superior'' en su relación con los animales, denominados por San Martín (2016) los Otros Silenciosos. El objetivo fue comprender el sentido de respeto a la vida por el Otro-Silencioso que otorgan los estudiantes y maestros del área de ciencias naturales de octavo grado de la Institución Educativa Gabriela Mistral de la ciudad de Popayán. Se siguió el método fenomenológico Análisis Reflexivo de Lester Embree (2003); el diseño permitió alcanzar las 3 reducciones fenomenológicas: natural, eidética y trascendental. Se encontró que existe una perspectiva antropocéntrica del Otro-Silencioso asumido como un ser con sentimientos humanos y sobre el cual se proyecta la mismidad de lo humano.

Abstract Part of the findings of the research: Sense of Respect for Life: Between the Silent-Other and the School developed within the framework of the Master’s Degree in Education at the University of Cauca, Colombia, is presented. We understand the way in which the human being has situated himself as a ''superior being'' in his relation with animals, called by San Martín (2016) the Silent Others. The objective was to understand the sense of respect for life by the Silent-Other, that students and teachers in the area of Natural Sciences in the eighth grade, of the Gabriela Mistral School in the city of Popayán give. The phenomenological method was followed from the proposal of Reflective Analysis by Lester Embree (2003), the design allowed to reach the 3 phenomenological reductions: natural, eidetic and transcendental. It was found that there exists an anthropocentric perspective of the Silent-Others that assumes them as a being with human feelings and on which a selfhood of the human is projected.

ABSTRACT: Co-teaching opens new paths in the teaching and learning processes in the classroom. Among its potential benefits is personalized teaching, within the framework of inclusive education. This case study aims to analyze the impact that co-teaching practices can have on students; both in their academic performance and in their inclusion and sense of belonging, also observing its effect on those with special educational needs. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews to teachers and support professionals from different educational stages of schools in Spain. Main results invite us to reflect on the way in which shared teaching responds to some of the challenges of the inclusive school, such as: personalized attention, relationships between teachers and students, coordination and cooperation between professionals Voices gathered in the analysis speak of an improvement in the students' academic results, a better coexistence and school climate and a change in the paradigms and traditional roles that make the day-to-day life of the classroom more inclusive.

RESUMEN: La codocencia o enseñanza compartida abre nuevos caminos en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en el aula. Entre sus posibles beneficios, se encuentra la enseñanza personalizada, dentro del marco de la educación inclusiva. Este estudio de caso tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto que las prácticas de codocencia pueden tener en el alumnado; tanto en su rendimiento académico como en su inclusión y sentimiento de pertenencia, observando también su efecto en aquél con necesidades educativas especiales. Los datos se obtienen a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes y profesionales de apoyo de diversas etapas educativas de centros escolares de España. Los resultados principales invitan a reflexionar acerca de la manera en la que la enseñanza compartida responde a algunos retos de la escuela inclusiva, como pueden ser: la atención personalizada, la relaciones entre docentes y alumnado, la coordinación y cooperación entre profesionales. Las voces reunidas en el análisis hablan de una mejora en los resultados académicos del estudiantado, una mejor convivencia y clima escolar y un cambio en los paradigmas y roles tradicionales que hacen el día a día del aula más inclusivo.

ABSTRACT: Educational inclusion remains a persistent challenge, and educators and professionals entrusted with this responsibility constitute foundational pillars in the pursuit of adequate attention to diversity. It is imperative to ascertain whether a specialization process can elucidate the voices that contribute to the formation of the professional identity of those engaged in training for Inclusive Education for Special Educational Needs (SEN), both from their internal and external personal positions. This study adopts a qualitative approach with an existential phenomenological hermeneutic design. The self-confrontation method and life histories were employed for data collection at the commencement and culmination of the training, and data were analyzed utilizing the personal position repertoire method of the dialogical self theory. The findings reveal that, upon embarking on their inclusion training, their identity is shaped by internal voices that align them with vocation, responsibility, resilience, and humanism, as well as external voices from students or family members with SEN. Upon completing the specialization, a voice emerges, emanating from their current mentors and their experiences within the program, instilling in them a heightened sense of capability in approaching cases involving students with SEN, bolstered by a stronger sense of conviction and expertise.

RESUMEN: La inclusión educativa continúa siendo un desafío, los y las docentes y profesionales relacionados con esta responsabilidad son pilares fundamentales para la ejecución de una atención adecuada a la diversidad. Es indispensable saber cómo un proceso de especialización permite identificar las voces desde sus posiciones personales internas y externas que nutren la identidad de los y las profesionales que se encuentran en una formación en Atención Inclusiva a las NEE. Este estudio tiene un enfoque cualitativo con un diseño fenomenológico existencial hermenéutico. Se utilizó el método de auto confrontación y las historias de vida para la recolección de la información al inicio y al final de la formación, y se analizaron los datos con el método de repertorio de posiciones personales de la teoría del self dialógico. Los resultados muestran que, al iniciar la formación en inclusión, su identidad se construye desde voces internas que los identifican con la vocación, responsabilidad, resiliencia y humanismo; y, con voces externas de estudiantes o familiares con NEE. Al finalizar la especialización, aparece una voz que proviene de sus maestros actuales y de las vivencias en la maestría que los hace sentirse más capaces de abordar casos de estudiantes con NEE con mayor convicción y experticia.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this essay is to highlight the importance of recognizing the physical environment of the classroom as a central element to move towards inclusive education. Through the development of the argument, the aim is to address the following question: Why should educational communities consider the physical dimension of classrooms to advance the implementation of an inclusive framework in their schools? Drawing on the concept of "inclusive practices" (Booth and Ainscow, 2015), a rationale is presented for why it is relevant for educational institutions and their various stakeholders to reflect on the organization and arrangement of school furniture, the place that students occupy in the classroom, and the environmental conditions that characterize that space (lighting, acoustics, visibility). The modification, diversification, and/or flexibility of the physical environment of classrooms can be considered an inclusive practice in schools, as long as it takes into account the needs and voices of students and promotes their participation.

RESUMEN: El presente ensayo tiene por objetivo relevar la importancia de reconocer el ambiente físico de la sala de clases como un elemento central para avanzar hacia una educación inclusiva. A través del desarrollo del argumento se pretende responder a la siguiente pregunta: ¿Por qué las comunidades educativas deberían considerar la dimensión física del aula para avanzar en la implementación de un enfoque inclusivo en sus escuelas? Tomando como referencia el concepto de “prácticas inclusivas” (Booth y Ainscow, 2015) se expone por qué resulta relevante que las instituciones educativas y sus diferentes actores reflexionen acerca de la organización y disposición del mobiliario escolar, la ubicación de las y los estudiantes en la sala de clases y las condiciones ambientales que caracterizan ese espacio (iluminación, acústica, visibilidad). La apropiación, diversificación y flexibilización del ambiente físico pueden ser consideradas prácticas inclusivas en las escuelas, en tanto consideren las necesidades y voces de las y los estudiantes y promuevan su participación.

Na literatura brasileira contemporânea, evidencia-se uma evolução da narrativa centrada no indivíduo para uma abordagem coletiva. Esta transição, no entanto, frequentemente se restringe a grupos específicos, criando barreiras na comunicação entre diferentes identidades. Recentemente, algumas obras de ficção no Brasil têm transcendido essa limitação, sendo Torto Arado, de Itamar Vieira Junior, um exemplo notável. Este artigo investiga, por meio das teorias da “multidão”, de Hardt e Negri, e de análises linguísticas dos pronomes da primeira pessoa do plural, como Torto Arado consegue, ao focar em personagens femininas de um quilombo, abraçar uma inclusividade que potencialmente une diversos gêneros, raças, classes e regiões. Argumenta-se que a transição da “escrita de nós” para a “escrita da gente” simboliza um novo paradigma na narrativa coletiva, permitindo a inclusão de uma gama mais ampla de vozes e experiências.

In contemporary Brazilian literature, there is a noticeable evolution from narratives centered on the individual to a collective approach. However, this transition often restricts itself to specific groups, creating barriers to communication among different identities. Recently, some works of fiction in Brazil have transcended this limitation, with Torto Arado (Crooked Plow) by Itamar Vieira Junior being a notable example. This article investigates, using Hardt and Negri’s theories of the “multitude” and linguistic analyses of first-person plural pronouns, how Torto Arado manages to embrace inclusivity by focusing on female characters from a quilombo, potentially uniting various genders, races, classes, and regions. It is argued that the transition from “escrita de nós” (exclusive we-narrative) to “escrita da gente” (inclusive we-narrative) symbolizes a new paradigm in collective narrative, allowing for the inclusion of a broader range of voices and experiences.