Resumo A coleção de contos Las voladoras, publicada em 2020 pela escritora equatoriana Mónica Ojeda, é composta por oito histórias moldadas por uma mistura imaginativa do estranho, da violência e do feminino. Dentro desse contexto narrativo, o objetivo é abordar a montagem dos corpos das mulheres como construções heterogêneas em relação à violência que devem enfrentar, configurando assim subjetividades pós-humanas. Propomos que, nessas histórias, existam relações entre humanos e não humanos que podem estar associadas ao que Donna Haraway chama de "parentesco queer". Essas relações revelam maneiras de articular as identidades das mulheres com uma dimensão explicitamente coletiva e pós-humana, onde o conceito de "tornar-se-com" de Haraway se torna fundamental: "Ser um é sempre tornar-se-com muitos". A razão pela qual essas histórias adotam essa postura é porque as relações estritamente humanas, particularmente aquelas dos homens em relação às mulheres, são altamente hostis, marcadas por um excesso de poder e, portanto, de violência. Isso motiva a necessidade de as mulheres gerarem conexões complexas, intergeracionais e vitais entre si e com outras entidades vivas, onde o excepcionalismo humano pode ser anulado, contestado e/ou transformado. voladoras 202 Ojeda estranho feminino narrativo enfrentar póshumanas. póshumanas pós humanas. humanas pós-humanas parentesco queer. queer . queer" póshumana, póshumana humana, humana pós-humana tornarsecom tornar "tornar-se-com fundamental Ser muitos. muitos muitos" hostis portanto complexas vivas anulado eou ou transformado 20 2

Abstract The short story collection Las voladoras, published in 2020 by Ecuadorian writer Mónica Ojeda, consists of eight stories that are shaped by an imaginative blend of the uncanny, violence, and the feminine. Within this narrative context, the aim is to address the assembly of women's bodies as heterogeneous constructs in relation to the violence they must confront, thus configuring posthuman subjectivities. We propose that in these stories, there are relationships between humans and non-humans that could be associated with what Donna Haraway terms "queer kinship." These relationships reveal ways of articulating women's identities with an explicitly collective and posthuman dimension, where Haraway's concept of "becoming-with" becomes paramount: "To be one is always to become with many". The reason these stories adopt this stance is because strictly human relationships, particularly those of men toward women, are highly hostile, marked by an excess of power and, therefore, violence. This motivates the need for women to generate complex, intergenerational, and vital connections among themselves and with other living entities, where such human exceptionalism can be nullified, contested, and/or transformed. voladoras 202 Ojeda uncanny feminine context womens s confront subjectivities nonhumans non queer kinship. kinship dimension Haraways becomingwith becoming "becoming-with paramount To many. many . many" hostile therefore complex intergenerational entities nullified contested andor or transformed 20 2

Resumen La colección de cuentos Las voladoras, publicada en 2020 por la escritora ecuatoriana Mónica Ojeda, consta de ocho relatos que están moldeados por una imaginativa mezcla de lo extraño, la violencia y lo femenino. Dentro de este contexto narrativo, el objetivo es abordar la construcción de los cuerpos de las mujeres como estructuras heterogéneas en relación con la violencia que deben enfrentar, configurando así subjetividades posthumanas. Proponemos que en estas historias existen relaciones entre humanos y no humanos que podrían estar asociadas con lo que Donna Haraway denomina "parentesco queer". Estas relaciones revelan formas de articular las identidades de las mujeres con una dimensión explícitamente colectiva y posthumana, donde el concepto de "convertirse-con" de Haraway se vuelve primordial: "Ser uno siempre es convertirse-con muchos". La razón por la que estas historias adoptan esta postura es porque las relaciones estrictamente humanas, especialmente las de los hombres hacia las mujeres, son altamente hostiles, marcadas por un exceso de poder y, por lo tanto, violencia. Esto motiva la necesidad de que las mujeres generen conexiones complejas, intergeneracionales y vitales entre ellas y con otras entidades vivas, donde dicho excepcionalismo humano pueda ser anulado, cuestionado y/o transformado. voladoras 202 Ojeda extraño femenino narrativo enfrentar posthumanas parentesco queer. queer . queer" posthumana convertirsecon convertirse "convertirse-con primordial Ser muchos. muchos muchos" humanas hostiles tanto complejas vivas anulado yo o transformado 20 2

ABSTRACT The aviation sector has a vital significance for the socio-economic development of nations. It is in constant expansion and is not immune to the climate change impacts. For this reason, it is necessary the application of measures that contribute to its resilience. In this paper was analyzed the established list proposed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in order for airports to face the climate threats such as the changing conditions, the sea-level rise and desertification; explaining how each one of them might affect the aviation sector using instances of previous damages occurred in Cuban airports. From the trends and projections analysis of the Cuban climate and the study of foreign airports experiences, were proposed adaptation and mitigation measures following the ICAO recommendations, using the José Martí International Airport as an example. The results of this paper will help to implement climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in this important sector.

RESUMEN El sector aeroportuario es de importancia vital para el desarrollo socioeconómico de los países. El mismo se encuentra en constante expansión y no está exento de los impactos del cambio climático, por lo que se hace necesario la aplicación de medidas que contribuyan a su resiliencia. En este trabajo se analizó la lista establecida por la Organización de la Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI) para la planificación de los aeropuertos en el enfrentamiento a amenazas climáticas tales como cambio en las condiciones, aumento del nivel del mar y desertificación, explicando cómo cada uno estas pueden impactar al sector aeroportuario y ejemplificando con afectaciones ocurridas anteriormente en aeropuertos cubanos. A partir del análisis de las tendencias y proyecciones del clima en Cuba, se realizaron propuestas de adaptación y mitigación siguiendo las recomendaciones de la OACI y otras estrategias aplicadas en otros aeropuertos del mundo. Para ello se utilizó como ejemplo el Aeropuerto Internacional “José Martí” de La Habana, Cuba. Los resultados de este trabajo ayudarán a la implantación de medidas que permitan la adaptación y mitigación del cambio climático en este importante sector económico.

RESUMEN: Las reflexiones de la Teoría Crítica de la Sociedad sobre la razón instrumental están en el centro de los análisis críticos de las catástrofes del siglo XX, representadas por Auschwitz. El imperativo ético expresado por Adorno para la educación, que no se repita Auschwitz, sigue siendo importante en la medida en que los cambios históricos que se produjeron en el siglo XXI no alteraron las características fundamentales de la razón instrumental. La tendencia actual a proponer la adecuación de la escuela a las exigencias creadas por las tecnologías digitales se señala en este artículo como síntoma de la persistencia del predominio de la razón instrumental en la educación. El objetivo de este artículo es criticar la forma como ha sido propuesta la inserción de las nuevas tecnologías en la escuela por no considerar tanto la dimensión ética de la educación como la relación entre forma y contenido en los nuevos aparatos. Se concluye que la crítica realizada al concepto de razón instrumental sigue siendo fundamental para la recuperación de la discusión ética en la educación. RESUMEN XX Auschwitz aparatos

ABSTRACT: The reflections of Critical Social Theory on instrumental reason are the heart of critical analyses of the 20th-century catastrophes represented by Auschwitz. The ethical imperative expressed by Adorno for education, that Auschwitz not happen again, remains vital as the historical changes that took place in the 21st century did not alter the fundamental characteristics of instrumental reason. In this article, we point out the current tendency to propose school adjustment to the demands created by digital technologies as a symptom of the persistence of the predominance of instrumental reason in education. This article aims to criticize how the insertion of new technologies in the school has been proposed, failing to consider both the ethical dimension of education and the relationship between form and content in the new apparatus. The criticism of the concept of instrumental reason remains fundamental for recovering the ethical discussion in education. ABSTRACT 20thcentury thcentury 20th th again st proposed apparatus

RESUMO: As reflexões da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade sobre a razão instrumental estão no cerne das análises críticas às catástrofes do século XX, representadas por Auschwitz. O imperativo ético expresso por Adorno para a educação, de que Auschwiz não se repita, segue sendo importante na medida em que as mudanças históricas ocorridas no século XXI não alteraram as características fundamentais da razão instrumental. A atual tendência de propor o ajustamento da escola às demandas criadas pelas tecnologias digitais é apontada neste artigo como um sintoma da persistência do predomínio da razão instrumental na educação. O objetivo deste artigo é criticar a forma como vem sendo proposta a inserção de novas tecnologias na escola por deixar de considerar tanto a dimensão ética da educação como as relações entre forma e conteúdo nos novos aparatos. Conclui-se que a crítica realizada ao conceito de razão instrumental continua sendo fundamental para a recuperação da discussão ética na educação. RESUMO XX Auschwitz repita aparatos Concluise Conclui

RESUMEN Introducción: se ha demostrado que uno de cada tres accidentes cerebrovasculares (ACV) isquémicos es consecuencia de una fibrilación auricular (FA) no conocida y, por ende, no tratada. Por eso es de vital importancia el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno de la FA, ya que el ACV isquémico es un motivo frecuente de ingreso hospitalario. Objetivos: determinar las características clínicas de pacientes con ACV isquémico y FA internados en el Hospital XX, durante los años 2021 y 2022. Metodología: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes de ambos sexos, mayores de edad, con FA y ACV isquémico confirmados por electrocardiograma y tomografía. Las variables se obtuvieron de los expedientes clínicos. La investigación fue aprobada por el comité de ética de la Universidad Nacional de Itapúa. Resultados: se estudiaron 113 pacientes. La edad media fue 69 ± 10 años, el 54,87% (62) fueron varones. Entre los factores de riesgo, 96,46% eran conocidos con hipertensión arterial y 61,06% con diabetes mellitus. En 24 (21%) pacientes se realizó ecocardiograma y 14 tenían dilatación auricular, con una media de 44 ± 8 mm, y 11 de éstos tenían estenosis mitral. La media de frecuencia cardiaca era 92 ± 18 latidos/min. El ictus isquémico se presentó como debut en 52,21% y de éstos solo 7,08% se conocían portadores de FA. Entre los portadores conocidos de FA 7,08% recibían anticoagulación con acenocumarol. No se encontraron pacientes en tratamiento con otros anticoagulantes. Conclusión: el 22,12% de los pacientes con ACV isquémico estaban diagnosticados con FA. Aproximadamente, un tercio de los pacientes con FA bajo el régimen de anticoagulación no alcanzaron rangos terapéuticos ni una frecuencia cardiaca controlada.

ABSTRACT Introduction: It has been shown that one in three ischemic cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) is a consequence of unknown and, therefore, untreated atrial fibrillation (AF). That is why timely diagnosis and treatment of AF is of vital importance since ischemic stroke is a frequent reason for hospital admission. Objectives: To determine the clinical characteristics of patients with ischemic stroke and AF hospitalized at Hospital XX, during 2021 and 2022. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out. Male and female adult patients, with AF and ischemic stroke confirmed by electrocardiogram and tomography were included. The variables were obtained from the clinical records. The research study was approved by the ethics committee of the National University of Itapúa. Results: One hundred thirteen patients were studied. The mean age was 69 ± 10 years, and 54.87% (62) were men. Among the risk factors, 96.46% were known to have arterial hypertension, and 61.06% were known to have diabetes mellitus. An echocardiogram was performed in 24 (21%) patients, 14 had atrial dilation, with a mean of 44 ± 8 mm, and 11 of these had mitral stenosis. The mean heart rate was 92 ± 18 beats/min. Ischemic stroke occurred as a debut in 52.21% and of these, only 7.08% were known to have AF. Among known AF carriers, 7.08% received anticoagulation with acenocoumarol. No patients were found being treated with other anticoagulants. Conclusion: AF was diagnosed in 22.12% of patients with ischemic stroke. Approximately one-third of AF patients on anticoagulation regimens did not achieve therapeutic ranges or a controlled heart rate.

RESUMEN Los implantes dentales se han convertido en un componente rutinario de la práctica dental diaria. A la vez, pueden producir molestias, destrucción desenfrenada de la salud bucal o reemplazo quirúrgico y costoso de un implante fallido. La detección temprana de la pérdida ósea marginal es vital para la planificación del tratamiento y el pronóstico de los implantes. Estos están diseñados para adaptarse mejor a los diversos tipos de hueso y fallan debido a muchas razones. Entender los desafíos y las expectativas del paciente a través de la honestidad, es una parte importante del tratamiento, cuyo éxito no solo dependerá de los integrantes del equipo implantológico o de técnica, sino también del cuidado del paciente al realizar su higiene diaria. Por esa razón, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos MEDLINE y PubMed sobre molestias periimplantar, consultándose 30 referencias de los últimos cinco años.

ABSTRACT Dental implants have become a routine component of daily dental practice. At the same time, they can cause discomfort, rampant destruction of oral health, or expensive surgical replacement of a failed implant. Early detection of marginal bone loss is vital for treatment planning and implant prognosis. These are designed to best fit various bone types and fail due to many reasons. Understanding the patient's challenges and expectations through honesty is an important part of the treatment, whose success will not only depend on the members of the implantology or technical team, but also on the patient's care when performing their daily hygiene. For this reason, a bibliographic search was carried out in the MEDLINE and PubMed databases on peri-implant discomfort, consulting 30 bibliographical references from the last 5 years.

Resumen El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad exponer las características del cuidado en el silencio que es propio de la conciencia cristiana y que reconocemos en la afectividad encarnada en la persona de María. Esta encarnación caracteriza la esperanza cristiana que siempre es vital y que se presenta en el modo de actos silenciosos asumidos como deberes que no exigen reflectores para sí y que adquieren la forma de la cordialidad y la cortesía al tiempo que suscitan un sentido de comunión y producen comunidad. En breve, nuestra intención es exponer la perspectiva cristiana en relación al cuidado y su encarnación diaria en los distintos ámbitos humanos, con el propósito de ofrecer una salida al inmanentismo que caracteriza la vida contemporánea y que enfatiza la importancia de la experiencia inmediata y la vida presente, en detrimento de las perspectivas históricas y trascendentes y a la vez se re-conozca - es un trabajo que cada quién debe realizar para sí - la esperanza de lo vivo que se concreta en actos desde el amor en Cristo hacia todo y hacia todos antes de que, como diría Chesterton, se advenga un espíritu permanente de publicidad irredenta de lo muerto. Se concluye el artículo afirmando que la Esperanza cristiana sólo puede ser cumplida en el momento del encuentro entre la conciencia y su contingencia primordial: o se entrega a las ofertas de la razón tecnificada o se entrega a la Promesa de salvación eterna.

Abstract This work aims to present the characteristics of care in silence, which is inherent in Christian consciousness and which we recognize in the affectivity embodied in the person of Mary. This embodiment characterizes Christian hope, which is always vital and manifests itself through silent acts assumed as duties that do not seek attention for themselves. These acts include cordiality and courtesy, fostering a sense of communion and creating community. In short, we intend to present the Christian perspective on care and its daily embodiment in different human contexts to offer an alternative to the immanentism that characterizes contemporary life. This immanentism emphasizes the importance of direct experience and present life at the expense of historical and transcendent perspectives. At the same time, it is important to recognize - and this is work that each individual must undertake for themselves - the hope of the living, which is realized through acts of love in Christ towards everything and everyone before a permanent spirit of unredeemed publicity of the dead sets in, as Chesterton would say. The article affirms that Christian hope can only be fulfilled in the moment of encounter between consciousness and its primordial contingency: either succumb to the allure of technified reason or surrender to the promise of eternal salvation.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir patrones de cruces entre nacimientos y defunciones durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en 2020. Asimismo, medir las caídas de nacimientos por edad de las madres utilizando estadísticas vitales. Metodología: Se presentan cifras oficiales para identificar cruces. Para dimensionar las caídas de nacimientos en un sentido contrafactual, se emplean pronósticos provenientes de un modelo multivariado de series de tiempo. Resultados: Se sugiere que la ocurrencia de cruces anticipados podría explicarse por la pandemia de COVID-19. La tendencia negativa de los nacimientos sufrió una caída dramática; sin embargo, en algunos casos hubo recuperaciones. Limitaciones: Puede haber subregistro de nacimientos y defunciones según cifras oficiales por disponibilidad y acceso a las oficinas del Registro civil. Originalidad: Identificar el impacto del COVID-19 en la ocurrencia anticipada de cruces, así como caídas de nacimientos, en un país con problemas previos de salud pública. Conclusiones: Se sugiere que la pandemia de COVID-19 anticipó la ocurrencia de cruces demográficos en México. Las bruscas caídas en natalidad pueden ser un detonante para acelerar el envejecimiento en este país.

Abstract Objective: To describe patterns of crossovers between births and deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Likewise, using vital statistics to measure delivery falls by mothers' ages. Methodology: To identify crossovers Official figures are presented. Predictions from a multivariate time series model are employed to dimension the birth falls in a counterfactual sense. Results: It is suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic is the reason for the anticipated crossover occurrence. The negative trend of births suffers a dramatic fall. However, in some cases, there are recoveries. Limitations: According to official figures, there may be under-recording of births and deaths due to availability and access to Register offices. Originality: To identify the COVID-19 impact on the anticipated occurrence of crossovers and birth falls in a country with previous public health problems. Conclusions: It is suggested that the anticipated occurrence of demographic crossovers resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic. The significant fall in the number of births may impacto on an accelerated aging in this country.

ABSTRACT People with cervical spinal cord trauma (CRT) present speech and swallowing difficulties due to decreased speed and vocal projection, emission of words, phonatory duration, hypophonia, dysphonia and dysphagia; For this reason, it is intended to evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive speech therapy care program. Two comparative experimental studies were carried out, with a sample of 108 people; in the individual and group modality with traditional speech therapy procedures, electrotherapy in rectus abdominis muscles and choral singing within speech therapy rehabilitation. The variables measured were: vital capacity and forced expiratory flow, maximum phonation time, reading two-syllabic words, intensity and index of vocal disability, level of preparation of families and interdisciplinary team. The results in both modalities showed improvements in the variables (p≤0.05), however, with the use of electrostimulation the recovery of vocal intensity (p= 0.0485) and forced expiratory flow (p=0.0000) increased significantly with a positive correlation [F (1, 28)=7.5478; p<0.01]. Choral singing was able to induce changes in forced expiratory flow and maximum phonation times with /a/. The applicability of the program achieved in these people their social insertion and improvement in speaking and swallowing.

RESUMEN Las personas con trauma raquimedular cervical (TRC) presentan dificultades en el habla y la deglución por disminución en la velocidad y proyección vocal, emisión de palabras, duración fonatoria, hipofonía, disfonía y disfagia; por ello, se pretende evaluar la efectividad de un programa de atención logopédica integral. Se realizaron dos estudios experimentales comparativos, con una muestra de 108 personas; en la modalidad individual y grupal con los procedimientos logopédicos tradicionales, la electroterapia en músculos rectos abdominales y con el canto coral dentro de la rehabilitación logopédica. Las variables medidas fueron: capacidad vital y flujo espiratorio forzado, tiempo máximo de fonación, lectura de palabras bisílabas, intensidad e índice de discapacidad vocal, nivel de preparación de familias y equipo interdisciplinario. Como resultados en ambas modalidades se mostraron mejorías en las variables (p≤0.05), no obstante, con la utilización de electroestimulación se incrementó significativamente la recuperación de la intensidad vocal (p= 0,0485) y flujo espiratorio forzado (p=0.0000) con correlación positiva [F (1, 28) =7,5478; p<0,01]. El canto coral fue capaz de inducir modificaciones en el flujo espiratorio forzado y los tiempos máximos de fonación con /a/. La aplicabilidad del programa logró en estas personas su inserción social y mejoría en el habla y la deglución.

Resumen Los pacientes que se encuentran bajo tratamiento de anticoagulantes orales, presentan alteraciones en distintas etapas de la hemostasia, lo que conlleva a tener implicancias y consideraciones médico/quirúrgicas durante su atención. En la actualidad, no existe un consenso en relación con el manejo odontológico de estos pacientes que serán sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos, llevando a protocolos clínicos que siguen diversas posturas, como la de disminuir la ingesta farmacológica del anticoagulante, sustituir con heparina y la de mantener el tratamiento bajo control. Objetivo Establecer el manejo estomatológico del paciente que se encuentra en tratamiento de anticoagulante oral mediante una revisión profunda de la literatura Materiales y método Se realizó una búsqueda de revisión bibliográfica manualmente de artículos indexados a las bases de datos de PUBMED y EBSCO que correspondiesen a las palabras “cirugía bucal”, “anticoagulantes”, “atención dental” y “hemorragia oral”. En cuanto a los criterios de inclusión, se consideraron revisiones bibliográficas, estudios observacionales, ensayos clínicos, guías, revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis publicados entre noviembre de 2005 y 2022, en idiomas inglés o español. Conclusiones Existen múltiples protocolos para la atención del paciente anticoagulado que será sometido bajo procedimiento de cirugía oral menor. Es importante considerar el anticoagulante utilizado, motivo, control de este, el procedimiento a realizar en el paciente y medidas hemostáticas tanto intra como postoperatorias por realizar, tras analizar lo anterior, se advierte que disminuir la ingesta del fármaco para realizar el procedimiento, puede ser más perjudicial al paciente como al clínico, por lo tanto se sugiere mantener el tratamiento antitrombótico y realizar un correcto manejo médico/quirúrgico.

Abstract Patients undertaking oral anticoagulant treatment may experience alterations in different stages of hemostasis, which lead to medical/surgical implications and considerations during their care. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the dental management of these patients, as they go through surgical procedures. This leads to clinical protocols that follow numerous approaches, such as reducing the pharmacological intake of the anticoagulant, replacing it with heparin, and maintaining the controlled treatment. Objective: To establish the stomatological management of the patient undergoing oral anticoagulant treatment through an in depth review of the literature. Materials and Method: A manual bibliographic review search of articles indexed to the PUBMED and EBSCO databases corresponding to the words “oral surgery”, “oral bleeding”, “anticoagulants” and “dental management” was performed. Regarding the inclusion criteria: bibliographic reviews, observational studies, clinical trials, guidelines, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between November 2005 and 2022, in English or Spanish, were considered. Conclusion: There are multiple protocols for the care of the anticoagulated patient who will undergo a minor oral surgery procedure. It is important to reflect on the anticoagulant used, the reason for it, its supervision, the surgical procedure that will be undertaken by the patient, and both intraoperative and postoperative hemostatic measures to be implemented. After analyzing the above, it is noted that reducing the intake of the drug to perform the surgical procedure may be harmful to the patient and to the clinician, therefore it is suggested to maintain the antithrombotic treatment and carry out a correct medical/surgical management.

Abstract The volume First person singular –appeared in 2020– includes eight short stories by Murakami that allow us to discover topics already covered in his repertoire: vital confusion, distasteful episodes of an unhappy youth, the irruption of the fantastic, imposture. Checking how the issues raised are reflected and the selected textual format is the objective of this work. In addition to verifying its link with the previous works, it is important at the same time to recognize what new contribution this short story collection offers, for which reason the new territories that are traversed have been reviewed. The tone from which it is narrated stands out here, now that of old age. We thus find that he reflects on the neighbourhood of inexorable death, as well as he also presents codes of moral principles, all always from the perspective of a first person singular from which Murakami seems to give us both personal and fictitious clues, with the appearance of truth, that the Japanese genre of I Novels offers him, to which he says he somehow refers.

Resumen El volumen Primera persona del singular –aparecido en 2020– acoge ocho relatos breves de Murakami que permiten descubrir temas ya tratados en su repertorio: desconcierto vital, episodios desairados de una juventud infeliz, la irrupción de lo fantástico, la impostura. Comprobar cómo se plasman los temas planteados y el formato textual seleccionado es el objetivo de este trabajo. Además de constatar su vínculo con las obras anteriores, importa al mismo tiempo reconocer qué nuevo aporte ofrece este conjunto cuentístico, por lo que se ha atendido a reseñar los nuevos territorios que se recorren. Destaca señaladamente aquí el tono desde el que se narra, ahora ya el de la edad avanzada. Encontramos así que reflexiona sobre la vecindad de la muerte inexorable, que también presenta códigos de principios morales, todo siempre desde la perspectiva de una primera persona del singular desde la cual Murakami parece darnos a un tiempo pistas personales y otras ficticias, con la apariencia de verdad que le ofrece el género japonés de Novelas del yo, al que de algún modo se remite.

Abstract Managing risks is vital to minimize the possibility of failure in projects and organizational processes, inducing institutions to invest in strategies for their adoption, which, although predominant in many sectors, seem incipient in higher education. Academic projects are essential to expand knowledge, evolve teaching and contribute to the progress of society. However, they are challenging undertakings in any context and are prone to failures that can impede their progress, waste resources, and compromise their quality; one reason for these incidents may be due to not managing the risks in the project domain. Considering this scenario and its challenge, this work presents a risk management framework for academic projects in Higher Education Institutions, encouraging managers to adopt and integrate them with corporate processes. The main methodological components for its implementation were Design Science Research, systematic literature mapping, survey, expert opinion, and focus group.

Resumo Gerenciar riscos é vital para minimizar possibilidades de falhas em projetos e processos organizacionais, induzindo instituições a investir em estratégias para sua adoção; que, embora, predominantes em muitos setores, parecem incipientes no ensino superior. Projetos acadêmicos são fundamentais para expandir o conhecimento, evoluir o ensino e contribuir para o progresso da sociedade. Entretanto, são empreendimentos desafiadores em qualquer contexto e apresentam tendência a falhas que podem impedir seu progresso, desperdiçar recursos e comprometer sua qualidade; uma razão para esses incidentes pode decorrer do não gerenciamento dos riscos presentes no domínio do projeto. Considerando esse cenário e o seu desafio, este trabalho apresenta um framework para gestão de riscos de projetos acadêmicos em Instituição de Ensino Superior, estimulando gestores à sua adoção e integração com os processos corporativos. Para sua realização, os principais componentes metodológicos abordados foram Design Science Research, mapeamento sistemático da literatura, survey, opinião de especialistas e grupo focal.

Blumenberg 's philosophical anthropology, about the origin and development of imaginative thinking among early human beings, serves as the backdrop to this article about the reasons art exists as a human activity. The article could be read in conjunction with a prior set of two articles by myself (in Afrikaans), "Hans Blumenberg's philosophical anthropology" and "Hans Blumenberg's model for the evolution of thought". Blumenberg posited that a strong connection exists between the earliest existential anxiety and the development of self-consciousness in humans and that this sets the human apart from the natural animal. My article looks at the evolution of thinking about art in the European human being, the way it occurred in various historical times, against the backdrop of the first thinking responses in primordial times. Art originated as a form of wishful thinking, as part of a survival response, which compensated for the early human's sudden lack of belonging in the world. This sudden lack occurred when the creature accidently strayed from its earliest natural habitat - that of being enclosed by primordial forests - and ended up on the open grasslands exposed to all kinds of dangers. As a result of this catastrophe, the early creature was confronted by the "absolutism of reality", as Blumenberg calls it, i.e. a near total lack of control over his own destiny in the face of overpowering factors of reality. The creation of art had a direct connection to this abysmal existential anxiety because it featured forms of imaging that assuaged the anxiety. Through the ages and to this day art plays a pacifying role in human culture. Blumenberg points out that the earliest developed forms of thinking were mostly of a mythical nature, i.e. of a wished-for or dreamt-up nature, such as the creation of the gods, and art in its first forms was part of this response. The primordial humans placed the gods between themselves and the absolutism of reality. They could approach the gods for favours or at least ascribe their sufferings to the wilful actions of these all-powerful beings. The humans made art as a form of assuaging their anxieties but as makers they had to make sure that they did not transgress on the gods 'primary right of creation. Move on now from primordial time to historical time. Especially in the Middle Ages, the human being found itself in a position of intense negotiation with Christian theology and with God as the Creator to make sure that while they created things they still could rely on the favour of the Creator. My article looks at Blumenberg's analyses of historical epochs, defined as such by him, that preceded the Modern Epoch and how this diachronic historical process eventually opened up the space for modern art to make its appearance. According to Blumenberg, the nature of the epochs and the reality concepts that govern these epochs, as well as their intermediary junctures, can only become apparent in retrospect. It is Modernity and the phenomenological ability that comes with modern times that enables this retrospective awareness in people. Blumenberg believes that the shapes of knowledge - be it philosophy, religion, culture or art - exist in particular ways within the broad machinations of an epoch - a way that pertains to that epoch alone. Knowledge has certain functions that may change in a follow-up epoch. Every epoch's institutions and traditions have the primary goal to ensure the survival of the human being as a social being (i.e. a failed natural creature). Aristotle's idea of "art as mimesis of nature" was the conception of art that reigned from European Antiquity through the Renaissance to early modernity. It was an idea designed to keep the favour of Providence while humankind slowly, and hidden to itself, expanded human autonomy in its self-expression. The Aristotelian God was the maker of things, based on the Forms of Plato, through the influence of Neoplatonism, and people did not exist as anything else but a subsidiary part of God's creation. The article traces several reoccupations within the Aristotelian scheme towards the eventually fully autonomous modern artist. All the reoccupations happened within reigning Christian theology, including the last vital one, the freeing of the human will on account of the expanding influence of Augustine's free-will thesis. It was theology that governed all knowing and its possibilities. But the changing of the guard in the reoccupation process leading to the meanings of modern art was laborious and slow. The "logic" of a particular threshold-period, namely the Renaissance of Leonardo da Vinci, was still bound up with the idea of a privileged viewpoint within the Aristotelian mimesis structure, much comparable in structure to the scientific observations of Copernicus. Both thinkers were still coming to terms with the unseating of the centrality of the given world. Blumenberg's critique of Paul Valéry 's wished-for analysis of Leonardo in Valery's own modern terms, argues that premodern art can only be understood for what it says if judged within the function of its own epochal frame. However, Blumenberg admires Valéry 's terms for modern art, especially the term objet ambigu, which finally leaves behind the privileged window image of art that reigned supreme during the Renaissance. The objet ambigu is an art product that has full spacial dexterity and movement. My article argues that the hard-earned freedoms that characterise the objet ambigu bring new securities as well as insecurities to the human being's world concept. One of the great gains for the modern mind is that it can consciously view meanings in terms of phenomenology, that is in a distanced way as if he is in the other time despite being in his own time. The earliest patterns of meaning that were devised by a primordial mind are mythical. These are so basic to thinking that they are imperishable, and still very instrumental in the communication modes of modern art, as my analysis of a Robert Frost poem shows. But the metaphorology underlying these "significance structures" has now been rendered self-conscious in the human, compared to the human of premodern and primordial art. In conclusion, it is postulated that certain shifts in late modernity are bringing about new forms of the absolutism of reality and existential anxiety, and that these have definite implications for the art product. Blumenberg's reality concept (Wirklichkeitsbegriff) of Widerstand ("withstanding") - of a world utterly traumatised by its freedoms and divisions - seems particularly apt, and my article cautions that the late modern state of affairs holds a threat to the freedom and intentional dimensionality of the objet ambigu. The reason for this, I propose, is that a world disunited in its attempts to save its rhetorical bulwark - i.e. the broad range of human mind activities that sets him apart as a social being - will be inclined to demand simplicity and partisan allegiance from the late modern artist, which amounts to an anti-modern and retrogressive stance despite all our means available to the contrary.

Die artikel gee 'n uiteensetting van die ontstaansredes vir die aktiwiteit van kuns teen die agtergrond van Hans Blumenberg se antropologie van die denke. Kuns is ten diepste 'n oorlewingsmeganisme en een van die mens se vroegste denkvorme. Volgens Hans Blumenberg se filosofiese antropologie bestaan daar 'n sterk verband tussen die noodsaak om kuns te skep en die beswering van eksistensiële angs, wat teruggaan na die mens se vroegste tyd van 'n selfbewussyn. Die vroegste denkvorme was mitewerkend van aard, en hieronder val die vroegste kuns ook. Dan beweeg die artikel van die primordiale na die (meer onlangse) historiese tyd, en karteer dit die Europese mens se veranderende kunsopvatting vanaf die Antieke Tyd tot by die Moderne Tyd teen die agtergrond van die filosofiese antropologie. Op grond van Blumenberg se model van tydperke wat volgens hul eie afsonderlike "tydslogika" funksioneer, en sy siening van "werklikheidsbegrippe", wat tye en tydsgewrigte tipeer, word die verskeie stadia van die Aristoteliaanse model van kuns bekyk in terme van die werking van "reokkupasie" - Blumenberg se begrip vir hoe die funksies van ideesisteme in historiese tyd evolueer. Die Aristoteliaanse opvatting het geglo kuns is die nabootsing van die natuur (Skepping). My artikel illustreer hoe die een na die ander term in hierdie opvatting sy funksie verander het totdat dit die moderne kunsopvatting, wat nie meer op nabootsing gegrond is nie maar op die selfstandige selfverwysende kunswerk, moontlik gemaak het. Leonardo da Vinci word binne die Renaissance-werklikheidsbegrip met die objet ambigu van die moderne kuns vergelyk. Die bedreiging wat 'n opnuut getraumatiseerde laatmoderne tyd vir die funksionering van die objet ambigu inhou, word bekyk.

Resumen La nanotecnología es considerada como la revolución industrial del siglo XXI, por esto la obtención y aplicación de nanopartículas (NPs) es de vital interés para muchos rubros de la ciencia e industria. El uso de las NPs-Fe3O4 obtenidas por síntesis verde se extiende desde la cosmética, medicina, remediación ambiental, eléctrica y electrónica, debido a sus características térmicas, ópticas y magnéticas, sin mencionar el bajo costo de producción. En esta revisión se analizan los factores con mayor efecto durante la síntesis de NPs-Fe3O4 como lo son el pH, la temperatura, el tiempo, la cantidad de precursores metálicos y cantidad de metabolitos secundarios; variables que afectan de manera directa el tamaño, forma y morfología de las NPs-Fe3O4.

Abstract Nanotechnology is considered the industrial revolution of the 21st century, for this reason obtaining and applying nanoparticles (NPs) is of vital interest to many areas of science and industry. The use of NPs-Fe3O4 obtained by green synthesis extends from cosmetics, medicine, environmental remediation, electrical and electronics, due to their thermal, optical and magnetic characteristics, not to mention low production cost. In this review, the factors with the greatest effect during the synthesis of NPs-Fe3O4 were analyzed, such as pH, temperature, time, the amount of metal precursors and the concentration of secondary metabolites; variables that arise directly from the size, shape and morphology of NPs- NPs- Fe3O4.

ABSTRACT Tropical waves are synoptic systems that occur mainly during the months of May to November, and that sometimes stimulate deep convection, and consequently the occurrence of severe local storms and/or heavy rain in Cuba. These meteorological systems are of vital importance due to their incidence in carrying out dissimilar socioeconomic activities, for which reason the objective of this article is to characterize the tropical waves that transited through the eastern half of the national territory from 2012 to 2020. They reviewed the Discussions of Tropical Weather and the Perspectives of Tropical Weather, the general weather statements, the monthly summaries, the rainfall records of the pluviometric network of the National Institute of Hydraulic Resources, synoptic maps and satellite images, from which they created a database where graphs were processed and built, using Office Excel version 2019. For the study, the distribution of tropical waves was analyzed by year and month, taking into account their translation speed, severity events and/or associated heavy rain. The results show that tropical waves travel through the eastern half every year, with a higher incidence of "normal" and "active" waves between the months of July and August, which coincides with the rainy season. On the other hand, it was found that the most prevalent events are hail and aeroavalanches.

RESUMEN Las ondas tropicales son sistemas sinópticos que se presentan fundamentalmente durante los meses de mayo a noviembre, y que en ocasiones estimulan la convección profunda, y por consiguiente la ocurrencia de tormentas locales severas y/o lluvia intensa en Cuba. Estos sistemas meteorológicos son de vital importancia por su incidencia en la realización de disímiles actividades socioeconómicas, por ello que el objetivo del presente artículo es caracterizar las ondas tropicales que transitaron sobre la mitad oriental del territorio nacional desde 2012 hasta el 2020. En la investigación se revisaron las Discusiones del Tiempo Tropical y las Perspectivas del Tiempo Tropical, los estados generales del tiempo, los resúmenes mensuales, los registros de lluvias de la red pluviométrica del Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos, mapas sinópticos e imágenes satelitales, a partir de lo cual se creó una base de datos donde se procesaron y construyeron gráficos, utilizando Office Excel versión 2019. Para el estudio se analizó la distribución de las ondas tropicales por años y meses teniendo en cuenta la velocidad de traslación de las mismas, eventos de severidad y/o lluvia intensa asociada. Los resultados evidencian que las ondas tropicales transitan todos los años por la mitad oriental, con una mayor incidencia de ondas “normales” y “activas” entre los meses de julio y agosto, lo que coincide con el período lluvioso. Por otra parte, se encontró que los eventos que más predominan son los granizos y la aeroavalanchas.