Resumen Descripción del caso: Paciente de 23 años con hemorragia abdominal de origen no claro, que posteriormente presenta inestabilidad hemodinámica, requiriendo manejo quirúrgico en tres ocasiones con evolución satisfactoria. Hallazgos clínicos: Presentó sangrado cuantificado de 5500 cc en cavidad abdominal (grado IV - clasificación ATLS) con lesiones hepáticas en los segmentos I, IV y VIII, sin hallazgos sugestivos de trauma al examen físico, ni otros hallazgos traumáticos internos. Tratamiento y resultados: Se llevó a cabo una intervención quirúrgica precoz mediante laparotomía exploratoria con hallazgos ya descritos, además de dos tiempos quirúrgicos adicionales que llevaron al control del sangrado, con evolución satisfactoria. Relevancia clínica: El sangrado abdominal y laceración de víscera sólida secundario a trauma cerrado de abdomen es una etiología común en pacientes jóvenes masculinos, siendo contrario a esta afirmación el sangrado de origen hepático sin trauma es una etiología poco común. El presente caso resulta ser una dificultad diagnóstica en cuanto a la etiología, ya que lo evidenciado en la exploración quirúrgica no concuerda con el examen físico externo, sin una historia clínica clara al ingreso se deja la interrogante de la causa.

Summary: Case description: 23-year-old patient with abdominal hemorrhage of unclear origin, who subsequently presented hemodynamic instability, requiring surgical management on three occasions with satisfactory evolution. Clinical findings: she presented quantified bleeding of 5500 cc in the abdominal cavity (grade IV-ATLS classification) with liver lesions in segments I, IV and VIII, without findings suggestive of trauma on physical examination, or other internal traumatic findings. Treatment and results: An early surgical intervention was carried out through exploratory laparotomy with findings already described, in addition to two additional surgical procedures that led to control of bleeding, with satisfactory evolution. Clinical relevance: Abdominal bleeding and solid viscus laceration secondary to blunt abdominal trauma is a common etiology in young male patients, contrary to this statement, bleeding of hepatic origin without trauma is a rare etiology. The present case turns out to be a diagnostic difficulty in terms of etiology, since what was evidenced in the surgical exploration does not agree with the external physical examination, without a clear clinical history at admission, the question of the cause is left.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation with glutamine and glutamic acid (Gln+Glu) on performance, intestinal morphometry, and carcass characteristics of broiler quails. Eight hundred birds were used, distributed in an entirely randomized design with 20 birds per experimental unit, and given five treatments (0.0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; and 0.8% Gln+Glu supplementation) with eight replicates. At 1-21 days of age, lower (P < 0.05) feed intake at 0.6 and 0.8% Gln+Glu supplementation and lower weight gain at 0.8% Gln+Glu supplementation compared to the control treatment were observed. By regression analysis, excluding the control treatment, there was an increasing linear effect (P < 0.05) for feed intake at 22 to 42 days of age. For intestinal morphometry, Gln+Glu supplementation only favored the villus development of the ileum (P < 0.05), giving it greater height at 0.2, 0.6, and 0.8% supplementation. Carcass characteristics, cuts, and edible viscera of the birds at 42 days were not affected (P > 0.05) by Gln+Glu supplementation levels. Thus, the glutamine and glutamic acid supplementation affected the performance and intestinal morphology of 21-d-old quails, decreasing feed intake and weight gain associated with the improvement of ileum morphology; conversely, performance and carcass characteristics at 42 days were not affected by amino acid supplementation. ABSTRACT GlnGlu Gln Glu (Gln+Glu morphometry quails used 2 unit 0.0 00 0 (0.0 0.2 02 0.4 04 4 06 6 08 8 0.8 replicates 121 1 21 1-2 age P 0.05 005 05 0. observed analysis 0.05, , cuts levels Thus 21dold dold d old conversely (0. 12 1- (0 (

RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da suplementação dietética de glutamina e ácido glutâmico (Gln+Glu) sobre o desempenho, a morfometria intestinal e as características de carcaça de codornas de corte. Foram utilizadas 800 aves, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (0,0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6 e 0,8% de suplementação de Gln+Glu) e oito repetições com 20 aves por unidade experimental. Na fase de um a 21 dias, constatou-se menor (P < 0,05) consumo de ração aos níveis de 0,6 e 0,8% de Gln+Glu e menor ganho de peso ao nível 0,8% de Gln+Glu em comparação ao tratamento controle; e, pela análise de regressão, excluindo-se o tratamento controle, houve efeito linear crescente (P < 0,05) para consumo de ração na fase 22 a 42 dias de idade. Para morfometria intestinal, a suplementação de Gln+Glu apenas favoreceu o desenvolvimento vilos do íleo (P < 0,05), conferindo-lhe maior altura aos níveis de 0,2; 0,6 e 0,8% de suplementação. As características de carcaça, cortes e vísceras comestíveis das aves aos 42 dias não foram afetadas (P > 0,05) pelos níveis de suplementação de Gln+Glu. Assim, a suplementação de glutamina e ácido glutâmico influenciou o desempenho e a morfometria intestinal de codornas de corte aos 21 dias de idade, promovendo redução do consumo de ração e do ganho, associado ao aumento morfométrico do íleo; por outro lado, o desempenho das aves e as suas características de carcaça aos 42 dias não foram afetados pela suplementação dos aminoácidos. RESUMO Objetivouse Objetivou se GlnGlu Gln Glu (Gln+Glu 80 casualizado 0,0 00 0 (0,0 0,2 02 2 0,4 04 4 06 6 0, 08 8 0,8 experimental constatouse constatou P 0,05 005 05 controle regressão excluindose excluindo idade 0,05, , conferindolhe conferindo lhe Assim lado aminoácidos (0, (0 (

Abstract: Aim We investigated the ichthyofauna parasite component community across a gradient of anthropogenic pressures of the Guaraguaçu River, south Brazil, a Neotropical river of central importance for biodiversity conservation. Methods After fish sampling, all fish were identified, measured, weighed and eviscerated. The viscera and gills were inspected for parasite screening and subsequent identification. Parasite diversity estimators were calculated for the most abundant host species. Results A total of 159 host specimens from 12 species were examined, being 140 (88.05%) found to be infected with at least one parasite, including 14 new parasite occurrences. The most widely distributed parasite was the nematode Contracaecum sp., found in 8 host species. The highest mean infection intensity and mean abundance was observed for the monogenean Aphanoblastella mastigatus, infecting the Silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. The Shannon-Wiener, Jost and Simpson indexes were higher for the more abundant fishes, except for the Trahira Hoplias malabaricus. Most host species harbored parasites in poorly aggregated distribution, according to the discrepancy index. The Berger-Parker index showed monogenean dominance in all hosts except for H. malabaricus. We found little evidence for parasite infracommunity changes across the gradient of the river. Conclusions We described the infection patterns in an important Neotropical river. The new parasite occurrences highlight the contribution of our study. Fish-parasite interactions changed throughout the river stretches, and we argue that it does not necessarily means changes in diversity and abundance of parasite within species, but the rearrange of interactions. Moreover, it seems that parasites are more abundant in most impacted sites, another reason to continue the monitoring. Abstract River Brazil conservation sampling identified measured eviscerated identification 15 1 examined 88.05% 8805 88 05 (88.05% sp sp. mastigatus quelen ShannonWiener, ShannonWiener Shannon Wiener, Wiener Shannon-Wiener fishes malabaricus distribution BergerParker Berger Parker H study Fishparasite Fish stretches Moreover sites monitoring 88.05 880 0 (88.05 88.0 (88.0 88. (88. (88 (8 (

Resumo: Objetivo A comunidade componente de parasitas da ictiofauna foi investigada ao longo de um gradiente de pressões antropogênicas no Rio Guaraguaçu, sul do Brasil, um rio Neotropical com grande importância para a conservação da biodiversidade. Métodos Após a coleta, todos os peixes foram identificados, medidos, pesados e eviscerados. As vísceras e brânquias foram inspecionadas para coleta e subsequente identificação de parasitas. Estimadores de diversidade de parasitas foram calculados para as espécies de hospedeiros mais abundantes. Resultados Um total de 159 espécimes de hospedeiros de 12 espécies foram examinados, sendo 140 (88,05%) infectados com pelo menos um parasita, incluindo 14 novas ocorrências de parasitas. O parasita mais amplamente distribuído foi o nematoide Contracaecum sp., encontrado em 8 espécies de hospedeiros. As maiores intensidades de infecção e abundância foram observadas para o monogenético Aphanoblastella mastigatus, infectando o Jundiá Rhamdia quelen. Os índices de Shannon-Wiener, Jost e Simpson foram maiores para os peixes mais abundantes, exceto para a Traíra Hoplias malabaricus. A maioria das espécies de hospedeiros abrigava parasitas com distribuição pouco agregada, de acordo com o índice de discrepância. O índice de Berger-Parker mostrou a dominância de monogenéticos em todos os hospedeiros, exceto H. malabaricus. Encontramos poucas evidências de mudanças nas infracomunidades de parasitas ao longo do gradiente do rio. Conclusões Descrevemos os padrões de infecção em um importante rio Neotropical. As novas ocorrências de parasitas destacam a importância de nosso estudo. Interações entre parasitos e peixes mudaram ao longo dos setores do rio, e isso não necessariamente resulta em mudanças na diversidade e abundância de parasitos dentro de cada espécie, mas um rearranjo das interações. Além disso, parece que os parasitas são mais abundantes na maioria dos locais impactados, o que é mais uma razão para continuar o monitoramento. Resumo Guaraguaçu Brasil biodiversidade identificados medidos eviscerados 15 1 examinados 88,05% 8805 88 05 (88,05% sp sp. mastigatus quelen ShannonWiener, ShannonWiener Shannon Wiener, Wiener Shannon-Wiener malabaricus agregada discrepância BergerParker Berger Parker H estudo espécie interações disso impactados monitoramento 88,05 880 0 (88,05 88,0 (88,0 88, (88, (88 (8 (

ABSTRACT: An outbreak of photosensitization in Holstein and Jersey cattle occurred after the passage of an extratropical cyclone in Southern Brazil. On that occasion, several trees fell, including some of the species Myrocarpus frondosus (Fabaceae family) popularly known as “gabreúva”, “cabriúna” or “gabriúna”. Five heifers consumed the leaves of this plant, and all of them became ill. The main clinical signs were decreased appetite, permanence in the water, decreased ruminal movements, dry stools, congested and icteric sclera and conjunctivae, dark urine and restlessness when exposed to the sun. One heifer showed circling, incoordination, restlessness and death six days after the onset of clinical signs. From the seventh day, three heifers showed improvement; one remained apathetic, with jaundiced mucous membranes, ulceration, and scaling on the tongue, increased respiratory rate, and fever, and died 18 days after ingestion of the plant. At necropsy, photosensitivity lesions were observed on the depigmented skin, snout, teats, and ear tip, characterized by discontinuity of the skin with the formation of crusts, inflammatory exudate associated with redness of the skin, in addition to ulceration in the mouth, snout and ventral portion of the tongue and jaundice and edema in the submandibular region. The liver was enlarged, with an orange color, full gallbladder, and wall edema. Through microscopy, liver lesions were characterized by moderate and diffuse necrosis of hepatocytes, vacuolar and centrilobular degeneration, bilirubin retention and proliferation of biliary epithelium. The literature shows no reports of M. frondosus toxicity in cattle. Experiments were carried out in cattle to clarify the possible clinical-pathological picture produced by this plant. A survey of the epidemiological data of the diagnosed spontaneous outbreak was carried out, and subsequently, three cattle received the plant’s green leaves, and a fourth received the dried leaves. After administering the plant, blood samples were collected daily for blood count, measurement of liver enzymes (gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transferase), bilirubin, measurement of vital parameters and liver biopsy from the onset of signs. In case of death, a necropsy was performed with collection of viscera samples for macro and microscopic evaluation. The experimental part was developed at the Laboratory of Animal Pathology, CAV-UDESC. The single dose of 33g/kg of green leaves caused severe clinical signs, while the administration of 22g/kg and 11g/kg caused mild to moderate signs of the disease. The supply of desiccated leaves in a single dose did not cause clinical manifestations. M. frondosus can be blamed as a cause of spontaneous hepatogenous photosensitization in cattle. Experimentally, the ingestion of green leaves of this plant, in doses greater than 11g/kg can lead to clinical changes, with subsequent recovery, or progress to death with severe liver damage. ABSTRACT Brazil occasion fell Fabaceae family gabreúva, gabreúva , “gabreúva” cabriúna “cabriúna gabriúna. gabriúna . “gabriúna” plant ill appetite water movements stools conjunctivae sun circling incoordination day improvement apathetic membranes rate fever 1 teats tip crusts mouth region enlarged color gallbladder microscopy hepatocytes degeneration epithelium M clinicalpathological pathological subsequently plants s count gamma transferase phosphatase aminotransferase transferase) evaluation Pathology CAVUDESC. CAVUDESC CAV UDESC. UDESC CAV-UDESC 33gkg gkg 33g kg g 22gkg 22g 11gkg 11g disease manifestations Experimentally changes recovery damage “gabreúva “gabriúna

RESUMO: Um surto de fotossensibilização em bovinos da raça Holandesa e Jersey foi observado após a passagem de um ciclone extratropical no Sul do Brasil, quando houve queda de diversas árvores, dentre elas Myrocarpus frondosus (família Fabaceae), popularmente conhecida como “gabreúva, cabriúna ou gabriúna”. Cinco novilhas consumiram folhas dessa planta, e todas adoeceram. Os principais sinais clínicos foram diminuição do apetite, permanência dentro da água, diminuição dos movimentos ruminais, fezes ressecadas, esclera e conjuntivas congestas e ictéricas, urina escura e inquietação quando expostas ao sol. Uma novilha apresentou andar em círculos, incoordenação e inquietação e morte seis dias após início dos sinais clínicos. A partir do sétimo dia, três novilhas apresentaram melhora e uma permaneceu apática, com as mucosas ictéricas, ulceração e descamação na língua, aumento da frequência respiratória, febre e morreu 18 dias após ingestão da planta. Na necropsia foram observadas lesões de fotossensibilização na pele despigmentada, focinho, tetos, ponta da orelha, caracterizadas por descontinuidade da pele com formação de crostas, exsudato inflamatório associado a vermelhidão da pele além de ulceração na boca, focinho e porção ventral da língua e icterícia acentuada e edema, na região submandibular. O fígado estava aumentado de volume, de cor laranja, vesícula biliar repleta e com edema de parede. Através da microscopia foram observadas, lesões hepáticas, caracterizadas por necrose de hepatócitos, moderada e difusa, degeneração vacuolar, centrolobular, retenção de bilirrubina e proliferação de epitélio biliar. Na literatura, não há relatos da toxicidade de M. frondosus para bovinos. Com o objetivo de esclarecer o possível quadro clínico-patológico produzido por essa planta foram conduzidos experimentos em bovinos. Foi realizado um levantamento dos dados epidemiológicos do surto espontâneo diagnosticado e, posteriormente, três bovinos receberam as folhas verdes da planta e um quarto recebeu as folhas dessecadas. Após a administração da planta, foram coletadas amostras de sangue diariamente para hemograma, dosagem de enzimas hepáticas (gama glutamil transferase, fosfatase alcalina, alanina aminotransferase, aspartato transferase), bilirrubina, aferição dos parâmetros vitais e biópsia hepática a partir do surgimento dos sinais clínicos. Em caso de morte, foi realizada necropsia com coleta de amostras de vísceras para avaliação macro e microscópica. A parte experimental foi desenvolvida nas dependências do Laboratório de Patologia Animal, CAV-UDESC. A dose única de 33g/kg de folhas verdes causou graves sinais clínicos, enquanto a administração de 22g/kg e 11g/kg causou sinais leves a moderados da doença. O fornecimento de folhas dessecadas em dose única não causou manifestações clínicas. M. frondosus pode ser responsabilizada como causa de fotossensibilização hepatógena espontânea em bovinos. A ingestão de folhas verdes dessa planta em doses superiores a 11g/kg pode levar a alterações clínicas, com posterior recuperação, ou evoluir para morte com lesões hepáticas graves. RESUMO Brasil árvores família Fabaceae, Fabaceae , Fabaceae) gabreúva, gabreúva “gabreúva gabriúna. gabriúna . gabriúna” adoeceram apetite água ruminais ressecadas ictéricas sol círculos dia apática respiratória 1 despigmentada tetos orelha crostas boca submandibular volume laranja parede hepatócitos difusa vacuolar centrolobular literatura M clínicopatológico clínico patológico posteriormente hemograma gama transferase alcalina aminotransferase transferase) microscópica Animal CAVUDESC. CAVUDESC CAV UDESC. UDESC CAV-UDESC 33gkg gkg 33g kg g 22gkg 22g 11gkg 11g doença clínicas recuperação

ABSTRACT Purpose: To test the use of rainbow trout skin as a surgical mesh in abdominal hernioplasties in rats. Methods: The experiment involved 20 Wistar rats receiving implants of trout skin processed for disinfection in 0.5% glutaraldehyde and preserved in 100% glycerin. The animals were divided into four groups, divided at 7, 15, 30, and 90 days postoperatively. Clinical and infrared thermography evaluations were performed, and after euthanasia, assessments of adhesion formations and sample collection for histological evaluation were conducted. Results: The implant was observed to be intact, ensuring the integrity of the abdominal wall, support for the viscera, and normal mobility for the rats for up to 90 days. Low rates of clinical alterations were observed, with an intense inflammatory reaction up to day 7, chronic inflammation and the onset of angiogenesis at day 15, and a low inflammatory reaction with collagenous infiltrate and fibrosis at day 30. At day 90, the implants showed a collagenous and fibrotic infiltrate with a minimal inflammatory infiltrate. Conclusions: The surgical mesh of trout skin performed well, making it a potential alternative for surgical procedures in muscle aponeurotic corrections in the abdominal wall. Purpose Methods 2 05 0 5 0.5 100 glycerin groups 7 15 30 9 postoperatively euthanasia conducted Results intact wall viscera Conclusions well 0. 10 1 3

ABSTRACT The bioaccumulation of cyanotoxins has been well documented in exposed organisms including fish, which represent a potential route to cyanotoxins transfer to humans by consumption of contaminated food. We determined the bioaccumulation of neurotoxic saxitoxins and hepatotoxic microcystins in muscle and liver/viscera of native (Goodea atripinnis), introduced (Poeciliopsis gracilis), and commercially important (Oreochromis niloticus) fish in Santa Catarina, an anthropized reservoir in Central Mexico. Additionally, we calculated the potential risk of human exposure due to the consumption of the studied species. The Santa Catarina Reservoir showed some physical and chemical water parameters generally associated with cyanobacterial blooms (e.g., high phycocyanin, chlorophyll-a, dissolved phosphorus concentrations, and alkaline pH) with presence of cyanotoxins produced by the cyanobacteria genera Microcystis, Dolichospermum, and Planktothrix, which were found in dissolved and particulate (sestonic) fractions of water. Moreover, we detected the presence of saxitoxins and microcystins in the tissues of all species studied. The risk of intoxication for humans was lower for the consumption of Nile tilapia muscle than for the other analyzed species, whose consumption should be avoided since it exceeds the recommended daily intake of microcystins for a short-term (i.e., two-week exposure time). These findings are remarkable because commercial fishing in reservoirs and the consumption of these fish could represent a route to human exposure to toxins, particularly microcystins. Our results highlight the need for the detection of cyanotoxins and the evaluation of their bioaccumulation by fish in unstudied eutrophic waterbodies, to reduce the potential health risk for humans and the environment.

RESUMEN La bioacumulación de cianotoxinas ha sido ampliamente documentada en organismos acuáticos, incluidos los peces, y representa una ruta potencial para la transferencia de cianotoxinas a los humanos mediante el consumo de alimentos contaminados. Determinamos la bioacumulación de saxitoxinas neurotóxicas y microcistinas hepatotóxicas en músculo e hígado/vísceras de peces nativos (Goodea atripinnis), introducidos (Poeciliopsis gracilis) y comercialmente importantes (mojarra, Oreochromis niloticus) en la presa Santa Catarina, Querétaro, México. Adicionalmente, calculamos el riesgo potencial de exposición humana por consumo de las especies estudiadas. El agua de la presa Santa Catarina mostró algunos parámetros físicos y químicos generalmente asociados con floraciones de cianobacterias, así como la presencia de ambas cianotoxinas (producidas por los géneros Microcystis, Dolichospermum y Planktothrix), que se encontraron disueltas (solo saxitoxinas) y en el seston (ambas cianotoxinas). Además, detectamos la presencia de saxitoxinas y microcistinas en los tejidos de todas las especies de peces estudiadas. El riesgo de intoxicación para humanos fue menor para el consumo de músculo de mojarra que para las otras especies, cuyo consumo debe evitarse ya que excede la ingesta recomendada de microcistinas para una exposición corta (es decir, dos semanas). Estos hallazgos son notables, ya que la pesca comercial en la presa y el consumo de estos peces podrían representar una vía de transferencia (particularmente de microcistinas) a las personas. Nuestros resultados destacan la necesidad de detectar las cianotoxinas y evaluar su bioacumulación en peces en otros cuerpos de agua eutróficos no estudiados, con el fin de reducir el riesgo potencial para la salud humana y el medio ambiente.

Abstract This study evaluated two surgical sterilization techniques in free-ranging female capybaras (n = 21). The first group underwent uterine horn ligature (HL; n = 11), while the second was subjected to partial salpingectomy (S; n = 10). We assessed total operative time, incision length, the ease of identifying reproductive structures, the adequacy of exposure for surgical performance through flank or midline approaches, and the extent of abdominal viscera manipulation for each method. The HL method emerged as faster, with an average operative time difference of 16 minutes. In the S group, a flank mini-laparotomy over the ovarian topography facilitated easy exposure of the ipsilateral ovary and uterine tube, enabling ligature and partial resection of the uterine tube but not the uterine horn exposure. However, accessing the contralateral uterine tube without a bilateral incision was impractical, thus prolonging the total operative time due to the need for patient repositioning and new antisepsis procedures. Conversely, a post-umbilical approach for the HL method necessitated only one mini-laparotomy incision, offering ample uterine exposure for hysterotomy in pregnant females. Both methods involved minimal abdominal viscera manipulation and resulted in no fatalities or postoperative complications. Although direct comparison is limited by the distinct sterilization techniques and surgical approaches, this study underscores the challenges and surgical access of each method. Our findings endorse the HL technique as an effective contraception method for female capybaras to prevent the birth of seronegative offspring that could amplify Rickettsia sp., the causative agent of Brazilian spotted fever. freeranging free ranging 21. 21 . 21) (HL 11, 11 , 11) (S 10. 10 10) length structures approaches faster 1 minutes minilaparotomy mini laparotomy However impractical procedures Conversely postumbilical post umbilical females complications sp sp. fever 2

RESUMEN Introducción: el plastrón apendicular es una patología infrecuente ma- nifestada como una tumoración inflamatoria constituida por el apén- dice, vísceras adyacentes y epiplón mayor cuando el organismo logra controlar parcialmente la apendicitis, evitando así una peritonitis. Este trabajo busca determinar características y manejo de pacientes con plas- trón apendicular del Servicio de Cirugía general del Hospital Nacional de Itauguá. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo de corte trans- verso. Resultados: del total de 50 pacientes, 88% consultó por dolor, el promedio de días de enfermedad previo de 9 días y una internación pro- medio de 11 días. Al examen físico 82% presentaba tumoración en fosa iliaca derecha. El 56 % requirió cirugía: 16 fueron lavado de cavidad más drenaje (por plastrón roto y abscedado a cavidad), 1 caso colectomía derecha y 2 casos drenajes percutáneos. Conclusión: Probablemente debido al retraso al acceso del sistema de salud, los pacientes al acudir ya presentan complicaciones del plastrón apendicular que requieren un tratamiento quirúrgico en más de la mitad de los casos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: this study seeks to determine the characteristics and management of patients with appendiceal mass at the General Surgery Service at the Hospital Nacional de Itauguá, an infrequent pathology manifested as an inflammatory tumor consisting of the inflamed appen- dix, adjacent viscera and greater omentum when the organism manages to partially control appendicitis, thus avoiding peritonitis. Methods: retrospective, descriptive study, being variables: reason for consultation, days of illness and hospitalization, treatment, etc. Results: of the total of 50 samples, 88% consulted for pain, the average number of days of illness is 9 days and hospitalization 11 days, on physical examination 82% presented a tumor in the right iliac fossa. 56% required surgery: 16 were cavity lavage plus drainage, 1 case right colectomy and 2 cases percutaneous drainage. Conclusion: According to the bibliographies, in recent years a conservative attitude is spreading. In our work, however, immediate surgery was performed in 56% of the cases, we did not verify the use of delayed surgery, probably due to lack of follow-up. Most come with symptoms of approximately 9 days, already as a ruptured abscess in the cavity, so the most used technique was lavage + cavity drainage.

SUMMARY Obturator hernia has an incidence of less than 1% of all abdominal wall hernias, it is predominantly observed in elder women and it is characterized by protrusion of intra-abdominal viscera into the shutter hole. The preoperative diagnosis is difficult due to the lack of external manifestations, nonspecific symptoms and lack of clinical suspicion. Delaying diagnosis and treatment is associated with high mortality. We report the case of a female patient with a complicated obturator hernia with concomitant bilateral inguinal hernias that underwent minimally invasive surgery with no complications and a seven day stay in hospital.

RESUMEN La hernia obturatriz tiene una incidencia de menos del 1% de todas las hernias de la pared abdominal, se presentan predominantemente en mujeres de edad avanzada y se caracteriza por la protrusión de las vísceras intraabdominales hacia el agujero obturador. El diagnóstico preoperatorio suele ser difícil debido a la falta de manifestaciones externas obvias, síntomas y signos inespecíficos y falta de sospecha clínica. El retraso en el diagnóstico y en el tratamiento de esta afección generalmente conduce a una alta tasa de mortalidad. Reportamos el caso de una paciente con hernia obturatriz complicada y hernia inguinal bilateral, la cual fue resuelto por cirugía mínimamente invasiva, no hubo complicaciones en la evolución postoperatoria, siendo su estancia hospitalaria siete días.

Resumo A hérnia diafragmática congénita (HDC) resulta do encerramento incompleto do canal pleuroperitoneal durante o desenvolvimento fetal, permitindo a herniação do conteúdo abdominal para a cavidade torácica. Apresenta-se tipicamente durante o período neonatal sob a forma de dificuldade respiratória, podendo no entanto manifestar-se mais tarde na vida. O diagnóstico de HDC tardia deve ser considerado no diagnóstico diferencial de crianças com sintomas agudos ou recorrentes inespecíficos, principalmente respiratórios ou gastrointestinais, ou ambos. A clínica e a radiografia simples continuam a ser os elementos-chave para o diagnóstico. A correção cirúrgica precoce do defeito diafragmático é crucial para prevenir uma possível passagem ou estrangulamento das vísceras abdominais e problemas respiratórios graves. Neste artigo, os autores apresentam o caso de uma HDC de apresentação tardia, caracterizada pelo início agudo de sintomas gastrointestinais, como dor abdominal e vómitos. Foi realizada correção toracoscópica com redução do conteúdo abdominal (intestino delgado e cólon) e sutura do defeito diafragmático posterior.

Abstract Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) results from incomplete closure of the pleuroperitoneal canal during fetal development, allowing herniation of abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity. It usually presents in the neonatal period with respiratory distress, but can also manifest later in life. The diagnosis of late-onset CDH should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of children with acute or recurrent nonspecific symptoms, especially respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms or both. Clinical suspicion and plain radiography remain the key to diagnosis. Early surgical correction of the diaphragmatic defect is crucial to prevent possible passage or strangulation of abdominal viscera and severe respiratory problems. In the present report, the authors present a typical case of late-onset CDH with acute presentation of gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., abdominal pain and vomiting). Thoracoscopic repair was performed, with reduction of the abdominal contents (small bowel and colon) and suturing of the posterior diaphragmatic defect.

Abstract: The present study validates growth models based on logistic equations to predict and analyze the use of fish viscera hydrolysates as a source of protein for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diet. The study examines zootechnical variables such as body weight, total length, and biomass in the fingerling and rearing phases, during seven months of production. The treatments consist of isoproteic and isoenergetic diets with a content of 10%, 15%, and 20% of viscera hydrolysates. A commercial diet is used as a control. The results show that the logistic model explained more than 97% of the variation of the field data, proving to be adequate for assessing the efficiency of using 20% replacement hydrolyzed fish viscera. It is concluded that the logistic model developed here is a useful tool for diagnosing the effectiveness and quality of biological diets in each of the production phases of rainbow trout.

Resumen: El presente estudio valida modelos de crecimiento basados en la ecuación logística para predecir y analizar la utilización de hidrolizados de vísceras de pescado como fuente de proteína de dietas de trucha arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Se examinan las variables zootécnicas de peso corporal, longitud total y biomasa en las fases de alevinaje y levante, durante siete meses de producción. Como tratamientos, se analizan dietas isoproteicas e isoenergéticas con un contenido de 10%, 15% y 20% de hidrolizados de vísceras, así como una dieta comercial usada como control. El modelo logístico explica más del 97% de la variación de los datos de campo, demostrando ser adecuado para evaluar la eficiencia de la utilización de vísceras hidrolizadas de pescado en cantidades de 20% de reemplazo. Se concluye que el modelo logístico desarrollado aquí es una herramienta útil para diagnosticar la efectividad de la calidad biológica de las dietas en cada una de las fases de producción de la trucha arcoíris.

Resumen El género Enterococcus puede ser encontrado en agua, suelo y en general en todo ambiente, son parte de la microbiota intestinal de animales, incluyendo a humanos. La prevalencia en alimentos se debe principalmente a la resistencia que presentan a las condiciones adversas del ambiente. Setenta y tres aislados de vísceras de pollo fueron confirmados como pertenecientes al género a través de pruebas bioquímicas y fermentación de carbohidratos. La caracterización bioquímica indicó que la especie predominante fue E. casseliflavus. La resistencia de los aislados a antimicrobianos fue notoria para amikacina (42 %), kanamicina (38 %), estreptomicina (55 %), y eritromicina (33 %). El análisis obtenido por ERIC-PCR mostró una alta variabilidad genética entre los aislados. Así también, los aislados mostraron relación entre los perfiles obtenidos con la susceptibilidad a antimicrobianos y por ERIC-PCR. Estos resultados muestran la multiresistencia de Enterococcus en vísceras de pollo expedidos comercialmente, con una alta variabilidad genética. Además, estos Enterococcus pueden ser potencialmente patógenos en individuos como una bacteria nosocomial y además transferir la resistencia en especies que son estrictamente patógenas y causan enfermedades al humano.

Abstract The genus Enterococcus can be found in water, soil, and food, and above all, they are part of the animal (including human) intestinal microbiota. Food prevalence is mainly due to their resistance to adverse environmental conditions. Seventy-three isolates from chicken viscera were confirmed to belong to the Enterococcus genus by biochemical tests and carbohydrate fermentation. Phenotypic characterization of the species indicates that E. casseliflavus was the predominant specie. Antimicrobial resistance to amikacin (42 %), kanamycin (38 %), streptomycin (55 %) and erythromycin (33 %) in the isolates was notorious. The analysis obtained from ERIC-PCR profiles shows a high genetic variability among the isolates. In addition, a relationship between the antimicrobial and ERIC-PCR profiles was observed among isolates. These results indicate the presence of multiresistant Enterococcus in commercial chicken viscera with high genetic variability, which could be a potential nosocomial bacterium or transfer this resistance to another pathogenic species causing human diseases.

Resumen La hernia ventral postincisional se estima en 5 al 30%, cuando el contenido de la cavidad abdominal migra al saco herniario, con una relación VSH/VCA > 25% condicionando cambios sistémicos se define como "pérdida de dominio". Masculino de 27 años con hernia ventral con pérdida de dominio que ameritó técnicas de preparación preoperatoria, utilizando toxina botulínica A (IncobotulinumtoxinA) y neumoperitoneo, ambos guíados por imagen. Se realizó una plastia ventral con adecuado regreso de las vísceras a la cavidad abdominal. La combinación de ambas técnicas es un procedimiento seguro para realizar una reparación libre de tensión.

Abstract Post-incisional ventral hernia is estimated at 5-30%, when the content of the abdominal cavity migrates to the hernial sac (HSV), with a HSV/abdominal cavity volume ratio > 25%, conditioning systemic changes defined as "loss of domain". A 27-year-old male presented with ventral hernia with loss of domain that required pre-operative preparation techniques, using application of botulinum toxin A (IncobotulinumtoxinA) and pneumoperitoneum, both guided by image. A ventral plasty was performed with adequate return of the viscera to the abdominal cavity. The combination of both techniques seems to be a safe procedure to carry out a tension-free repair.

Resumen La producción pesquera puede generar cantidades considerables de residuos cuya disposición final inadecuada puede causar daños ambientales. La utilización de estos desechos para la obtención de productos con alto valor agregado y de interés industrial, es una alternativa para la producción acuícola sostenible. En este trabajo se obtuvieron y caracterizaron extractos ácidos ricos en enzimas tipo pepsina (EP) y alcalinos ricos en enzimas tipo tripsina (ET) a partir de vísceras de pacú (Piaractus mesopotamicus) evaluando sus potenciales aplicaciones biotecnológicas. EP y ET exhibieron máxima actividad catalítica a pH 2 - 45°C y pH 7 - 45°C; mostraron ser estables en los rangos de pH 1,0 a 3,5 y 7,5 a 10,5 y de temperatura 0 a 37°C y 0 a 45°C, respectivamente. La actividad de EP fue inhibida por pepstatina A pero no por PMSF y SBTI; EDTA y SDS provocaron inhibición parcial, confirmando la presencia de enzimas de tipo pepsina. ET se inactivó en presencia de SBTI pero no por SDS; PMSF y EDTA disminuyeron en un 50% su actividad, confirmando la existencia de enzimas tipo tripsina. Los iones divalentes (Ca2+ y Mg2+) no modificaron la capacidad proteolítica de los extractos, en cambio se redujo a concentraciones crecientes de NaCl. Por otra parte, ET y EP fueron eficaces para hidrolizar el recubrimiento de gelatina impregnado con plata de placas radiográficas usadas y generar fragmentos F(ab’)2 a partir de la degradación de IgG equinas, respectivamente. En conclusión, estos extractos podrían ser aplicables en procesos donde se requiera máxima actividad a temperatura moderada y baja concentración de NaCl; en la recuperación de plata metálica y celuloide de placas radiográficas reveladas como así también la obtención de productos biológicos. Estos resultados abren nuevas perspectivas para la economía circular de las explotaciones acuícolas del pacú.

Abstract Fish production can generate considerable amounts of waste, whose inadequate final disposition could cause environmental damage. The use of these wastes to obtain high value-added products of industrial relevance is an alternative for sustainable aquaculture production. In this study, acidic extracts rich in pepsin-like enzymes (EP) and alkaline extracts rich in trypsin-like enzymes (ET) were obtained and characterized from the viscera of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), evaluating their potential biotechnological applications. EP and ET showed maximum catalytic activity at pH 2 - 45°C and pH 7 - 45°C, respectively. They were stable in pH ranges of 1.0 to 3.5 and 7.5 to 10.5 and temperature ranges of 0 to 37°C and 0 to 45°C, respectively. The activity of EP was inhibited by pepstatin A, but not by PMSF and SBTI. EDTA and SDS caused partial inhibition, confirming the presence of pepsin-like enzymes. ET was inactivated in the presence of SBTI but not by SDS. PMSF and EDTA decreased the activity by 50%, confirming the presence of trypsin-like enzymes. Divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) did not alter the proteolytic capacity of the extracts, but it decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. Moreover, ET and EP were effective in hydrolyzing the silver-impregnated gelatin coating of discarded x-ray films and generating F(ab')2 fragments from equine IgG degradation, respectively. In conclusion, these extracts could be applicable in processes requiring maximum activity at moderate temperatures and low NaCl concentrations, in the recovery of metallic silver and PET sheet from used x-ray films and in the production of biological products. These results open up new perspectives for the circular economy of pacú aquaculture farms.

Abstract Ectothermic animals present melanin-containing cells in their integument and viscera. Besides cutaneous melanophores, amphibians have melanomacrophages in the hepatic parenchyma and melanocytes in the viscera, which are also present in their testicular stroma. The native melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is the main hormone that modulates the color change in melanophores. However, we still know too little about how the α-MSH acts in vivo on visceral melanin-containing cells. In this study, we collected 30 adult males of Physalaemus nattereri (Anura, Leptodactylidae) to evaluate the short-term effects of α-MSH on melanophores, melanocytes and melanomacrophages under light microscopy. For this, we injected 0.05 ml of a single intraperitoneal dose containing 2.5x10-7 mmol/10g of α-MSH, diluted in ringer solution, in five experimental groups with five individuals each one. The different groups were analyzed after 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24h. The control group with five other individuals received only 0.05 ml of ringer solution. The skin pigmentation increased quickly after animals received the hormone α-MSH with the consequent darkening of the body (body darkness). Melanophores, melanocytes and melanomacrophages responded similarly to the test, with an increase in the area containing melanin. However, melanophores and melanomacrophages reached their darkest pigmentation in a shorter period of time in comparison to the testicular melanocytes, probably due to specific metabolic characteristics of each organ. Thus, we verified that the three types of cells, although present in different organs, are responsive to the native hormone α-MSH, which enables us to treat them as a pigmentary system. melanincontaining melanin viscera stroma αMSH α MSH (α-MSH However study 3 Anura, Anura (Anura Leptodactylidae shortterm short term microscopy 005 0 05 0.0 2.5x107 25x107 x 2.5x10 7 2 5x10 2.5x10- mmol10g mmolg mmol 10g g αMSH, MSH, solution one 1 6 24h h darkness. darkness . darkness) Melanophores test organ Thus organs system 00 0. 5x107 25x10 2.5x1 5x1 25x1 2.5x 5x 25x