Resumen Descripción del caso: Paciente de 23 años con hemorragia abdominal de origen no claro, que posteriormente presenta inestabilidad hemodinámica, requiriendo manejo quirúrgico en tres ocasiones con evolución satisfactoria. Hallazgos clínicos: Presentó sangrado cuantificado de 5500 cc en cavidad abdominal (grado IV - clasificación ATLS) con lesiones hepáticas en los segmentos I, IV y VIII, sin hallazgos sugestivos de trauma al examen físico, ni otros hallazgos traumáticos internos. Tratamiento y resultados: Se llevó a cabo una intervención quirúrgica precoz mediante laparotomía exploratoria con hallazgos ya descritos, además de dos tiempos quirúrgicos adicionales que llevaron al control del sangrado, con evolución satisfactoria. Relevancia clínica: El sangrado abdominal y laceración de víscera sólida secundario a trauma cerrado de abdomen es una etiología común en pacientes jóvenes masculinos, siendo contrario a esta afirmación el sangrado de origen hepático sin trauma es una etiología poco común. El presente caso resulta ser una dificultad diagnóstica en cuanto a la etiología, ya que lo evidenciado en la exploración quirúrgica no concuerda con el examen físico externo, sin una historia clínica clara al ingreso se deja la interrogante de la causa.

Summary: Case description: 23-year-old patient with abdominal hemorrhage of unclear origin, who subsequently presented hemodynamic instability, requiring surgical management on three occasions with satisfactory evolution. Clinical findings: she presented quantified bleeding of 5500 cc in the abdominal cavity (grade IV-ATLS classification) with liver lesions in segments I, IV and VIII, without findings suggestive of trauma on physical examination, or other internal traumatic findings. Treatment and results: An early surgical intervention was carried out through exploratory laparotomy with findings already described, in addition to two additional surgical procedures that led to control of bleeding, with satisfactory evolution. Clinical relevance: Abdominal bleeding and solid viscus laceration secondary to blunt abdominal trauma is a common etiology in young male patients, contrary to this statement, bleeding of hepatic origin without trauma is a rare etiology. The present case turns out to be a diagnostic difficulty in terms of etiology, since what was evidenced in the surgical exploration does not agree with the external physical examination, without a clear clinical history at admission, the question of the cause is left.

SUMMARY: The visceral structures of the head, neck, upper limb, and viscera of the thoracic cavity are innervated by sympathetic preganglionic neurons of the upper thoracic centre specifically by segments T2 to T5. Hyperhidrosis is defined as excessive production of eccrine sweat. The objective of this work is to describe the arrangement, variations, and patterns of conformation of the thoracic sympathetic chain and its implications in pathological focal hyperhidrosis. A descriptive, observational, and morphometric study of the sympathetic innervation of the thoracic cavity was carried out. For this, 60 10 % formalin-fixed cadaveric dissections were used, from the Third Chair of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina, in a period from March 2022 to May 2023. Regarding the variations of the Kuntz nerve described in 24 cadavers, the classification of Chung et al. (2002) was applied for its distribution: (2002):Type A, connection of the T2 to T1 nerve was found in 41.67 %; type B, connection of the T2 nerve to the anterior branch of the intercostal nerve in 8.33 %; type C, connection of the T2 nerve to the communicating branch between the T1 nerve and the stellate ganglion in 33.33 % and type D, bifurcated connection of the T2 nerve to the T1 nerve and intercostal nerve in 16.67 %. The nervous structure referred as the Kuntz nerve should be replaced with an anatomical term that complies with the Regular Anatomical Terminology (RA term rules). It is essential to have a thorough understanding and description of the variations and patterns of the paravertebral sympathetic chain in order to effectively diagnose and treat hyperhidrosis. Understanding these variations is crucial when considering surgical treatment options.

RESUMEN: Las estructuras viscerales de la cabeza, cuello, miembro superior y cavidad torácica están inervadas por las neuronas preganglionares simpáticas del centro torácico superior específicamente por los segmentos T2 a T5. La hiperhidrosis se define como la excesiva producción de sudor ecrino. Es objetivo de este trabajo describir la disposición, variaciones y patrones de conformación de la cadena simpática torácica y sus implicancias en la hiperhidrosis focal patológica. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y morfométrico de la inervación simpática de la cavidad torácica. Para ello, se utilizaron 60 preparaciones cadavéricas fijadas en una solución de formalina al 10%, de la Tercera Cátedra de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, en un período comprendido entre marzo 2022 a mayo 2023. En cuanto a las variaciones del nervio de Kuntz descripta en 24 cadáveres, se aplicó para su distribución, la clasificación de Chung et al. (2002): Tipo A, conexión del nervio T2 al nervio T1 se encontró en 41,67 %; Tipo B, conexión del nervio T2 al ramo anterior del nervio intercostal en 8,33 %; Tipo C, conexión del nervio T2 al ramo comunicante entre el nervio T1 y ganglio cervicotorácico (ganglio estrellado) en 33,33 %; y Tipo D, conexión bifurcada del nervio T2 al nervio T1 y nervio intercostal en 16,67 %. Debido a la identificada normalidad en la existencia de esta estructura nerviosa, se sugiere un término anatómico que reemplace la denominación de nervio de Kuntz, y que cumpla con los estándares establecidos en la Regular Anatomical Terminology (RA term rules). Por todo esto, es esencial un adecuado conocimiento y descripción de las variaciones y patrones de conformación de la cadena simpática paravertebral para un adecuado abordaje diagnóstico y de tratamiento para la hiperhidrosis. La importancia del conocimiento de las variaciones radica como punto de partida para ser consideradas a la hora de proponer un tratamiento quirúrgico.

RESUMEN El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la inclusión del ensilaje de desechos de tilapia roja (Oryctolagus cuniculus) en la dieta de conejos sobre los parámetros productivos y rendimiento económico. El estudio se realizó en Marinilla, Antioquia (Colombia), con 24 conejos machos de 2131 ± 156 g de peso inicial, distribuidos en 3 tratamientos (8 por tratamiento) de tres niveles de inclusión de ensilaje de desechos de pescado; así: T1 (control)= 0%, T2= 15% y T3= 25%, bajo un diseño completamente al azar. A cada animal se le suministró una dieta que consistía en 55 g de alimento balanceado (incluyendo el ensilado) y 120 g de forraje diario durante 42 días. Se registró el peso final, ganancia de peso total, ganancia diaria de peso, peso de la piel y la cabeza, peso de las vísceras rojas, peso de la canal caliente, rendimiento de la canal caliente, peso de la canal fría, rendimiento de la canal fría y conversión alimenticia. No se encontró diferencia estadística entre tratamientos para las variables evaluadas, lo que permitió concluir que la sustitución de alimento concentrado por ensilaje de desechos de pescado hasta en un 25% no afecta los parámetros productivos de conejos; por el contrario, representa una alternativa económica y de fácil elaboración que garantiza ganancias de peso adecuadas y rendimientos en canal idóneos.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of including tilapia (Oryctolagus cuniculus) waste silage in the rabbit diet on productive parameters and economic performance. The study was carried out in Marinilla, Antioquia (Colombia), with 24 male rabbits of 2131 ± 156 g of initial body weight, distributed in 3 treatments (8 per treatment) of three levels of inclusion of fish waste silage: T1 (control)= 0%, T2= 15% and T3= 25%, under a completely randomized design. Each animal was fed a diet consisting of 55 g of balanced feed (including silage) and 120 g of forage daily for 42 days. The final weight, total weight gain, daily weight gain, skin and head weight, red viscera weight, hot carcass weight, hot carcass yield, cold carcass weight, and feed conversion were recorded. No statistical difference was found between treatments for the variables evaluated, which allows to conclude that the replacement of concentrated feed with fish waste silage up to 25% does not affect the productive parameters of rabbits. On the contrary, it represents an economical and easy-to-produce alternative that guarantees adequate weight gains and ideal carcass yields.

Resumen Introducción. La neumatosis quística intestinal se describe como la presencia de gas dentro de la pared intestinal. Es una entidad poco frecuente, con una incidencia del 0,03 % en la población global. Aparece con predilección en el género masculino después de los 45 años y se localiza principalmente en el intestino delgado (42 %) y el colon. Se puede asociar a varias condiciones que en ocasiones requieren manejo quirúrgico. Caso clínico. Se presenta el caso de un hombre 75 años, con antecedente de hipertensión arterial, quien consultó por un cuadro de 15 días de evolución consistente en distensión abdominal, dolor y estreñimiento. En urgencias se solicitó una radiografía de tórax que mostró neumoperitoneo y varios niveles hidroaéreos, por lo que el cirujano de turno consideró una posible ruptura de víscera hueca. Resultados. Fue llevado a laparotomía exploratoria, donde se identificó neumatosis quística intestinal y estómago muy aumentado de tamaño, compatible con gastroparesia. Como resultado del tratamiento brindado, el paciente tuvo un desenlace satisfactorio logrando alta médica, apoyado con cuidados básicos de enfermería. Conclusiones. Si bien los casos de neumatosis quística intestinal son de presentación inusual, se puede encontrar en pacientes con hallazgos imagenológicos de neumoperitoneo. Por eso, se debe realizar un análisis concienzudo de cada paciente e individualizar el caso para el correcto diagnóstico.

Abstract Introduction. Cystic pneumatosis intestinalis is described as the presence of gas within the intestinal wall. It is a rare entity, with an incidence of 0.03% in the global population. It appears with a predilection in the male gender after 45 years of age and is located mainly in the small intestine (42%) and the colon. It can be associated with several conditions that sometimes require surgical management. Clinical case. The case of a 75-year-old man with a history of high blood pressure is presented, who consulted for a 15-day history consisting of abdominal distention, pain and constipation. In the emergency room, a chest x-ray was requested, which showed pneumoperitoneum and several air-fluid levels. The surgeon on call considered a possible rupture of the hollow viscus. Results. The patient was taken to exploratory laparotomy, where intestinal cystic pneumatosis and a greatly enlarged stomach were identified, compatible with gastroparesis. As a result of the treatment provided, the patient had a satisfactory outcome, achieving medical discharge, supported with basic nursing care. Conclusions. Although cases of intestinal cystic pneumatosis have an unusual presentation, it can be found in patients with imaging findings of pneumoperitoneum. Therefore, a thorough analysis of each patient must be carried out and the case individualized for the correct diagnosis.

This study investigated the effects of incremental dietary levels of marula seed cake (MSC) in partial replacement of soyabean meal (SBM) and maize on growth performance, viscera macromorphometry, carcass traits, and haemato-biochemistry of broiler chickens during the starter, grower, and finisher phases. In a completely randomized design, 400 day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated to five diets with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% MSC, each with eight replicates of 10 (five of each sex). Weekly feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were calculated; haemato-biochemistry was measured at day 42. FI was quadratically decreased by dietary MSC, of which the optimum inclusion was 150 g/kg, as BWG and FCE were linearly decreased by the marula by-product. MSC linearly decreased bird slaughter weight and hot and cold carcass weight. White blood cells, lymphocytes, and symmetric dimethylarginine decreased linearly but serum cholesterol concentrations increased linearly. Dietary inclusion of MSC at levels >150 g/kg induced detrimental effects on productive performance, visceral organs and development, carcass traits, and haemato-biochemistry of broiler chickens. There is therefore a need for strategies to resolve antinutritional effects of high dietary MSC to optimize its inclusion in broiler diets.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation with glutamine and glutamic acid (Gln+Glu) on performance, intestinal morphometry, and carcass characteristics of broiler quails. Eight hundred birds were used, distributed in an entirely randomized design with 20 birds per experimental unit, and given five treatments (0.0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; and 0.8% Gln+Glu supplementation) with eight replicates. At 1-21 days of age, lower (P < 0.05) feed intake at 0.6 and 0.8% Gln+Glu supplementation and lower weight gain at 0.8% Gln+Glu supplementation compared to the control treatment were observed. By regression analysis, excluding the control treatment, there was an increasing linear effect (P < 0.05) for feed intake at 22 to 42 days of age. For intestinal morphometry, Gln+Glu supplementation only favored the villus development of the ileum (P < 0.05), giving it greater height at 0.2, 0.6, and 0.8% supplementation. Carcass characteristics, cuts, and edible viscera of the birds at 42 days were not affected (P > 0.05) by Gln+Glu supplementation levels. Thus, the glutamine and glutamic acid supplementation affected the performance and intestinal morphology of 21-d-old quails, decreasing feed intake and weight gain associated with the improvement of ileum morphology; conversely, performance and carcass characteristics at 42 days were not affected by amino acid supplementation.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da suplementação dietética de glutamina e ácido glutâmico (Gln+Glu) sobre o desempenho, a morfometria intestinal e as características de carcaça de codornas de corte. Foram utilizadas 800 aves, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (0,0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6 e 0,8% de suplementação de Gln+Glu) e oito repetições com 20 aves por unidade experimental. Na fase de um a 21 dias, constatou-se menor (P < 0,05) consumo de ração aos níveis de 0,6 e 0,8% de Gln+Glu e menor ganho de peso ao nível 0,8% de Gln+Glu em comparação ao tratamento controle; e, pela análise de regressão, excluindo-se o tratamento controle, houve efeito linear crescente (P < 0,05) para consumo de ração na fase 22 a 42 dias de idade. Para morfometria intestinal, a suplementação de Gln+Glu apenas favoreceu o desenvolvimento vilos do íleo (P < 0,05), conferindo-lhe maior altura aos níveis de 0,2; 0,6 e 0,8% de suplementação. As características de carcaça, cortes e vísceras comestíveis das aves aos 42 dias não foram afetadas (P > 0,05) pelos níveis de suplementação de Gln+Glu. Assim, a suplementação de glutamina e ácido glutâmico influenciou o desempenho e a morfometria intestinal de codornas de corte aos 21 dias de idade, promovendo redução do consumo de ração e do ganho, associado ao aumento morfométrico do íleo; por outro lado, o desempenho das aves e as suas características de carcaça aos 42 dias não foram afetados pela suplementação dos aminoácidos.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To test the use of rainbow trout skin as a surgical mesh in abdominal hernioplasties in rats. Methods: The experiment involved 20 Wistar rats receiving implants of trout skin processed for disinfection in 0.5% glutaraldehyde and preserved in 100% glycerin. The animals were divided into four groups, divided at 7, 15, 30, and 90 days postoperatively. Clinical and infrared thermography evaluations were performed, and after euthanasia, assessments of adhesion formations and sample collection for histological evaluation were conducted. Results: The implant was observed to be intact, ensuring the integrity of the abdominal wall, support for the viscera, and normal mobility for the rats for up to 90 days. Low rates of clinical alterations were observed, with an intense inflammatory reaction up to day 7, chronic inflammation and the onset of angiogenesis at day 15, and a low inflammatory reaction with collagenous infiltrate and fibrosis at day 30. At day 90, the implants showed a collagenous and fibrotic infiltrate with a minimal inflammatory infiltrate. Conclusions: The surgical mesh of trout skin performed well, making it a potential alternative for surgical procedures in muscle aponeurotic corrections in the abdominal wall. Purpose Methods 2 05 0 5 0.5 100 glycerin groups 7 15 30 9 postoperatively euthanasia conducted Results intact wall viscera Conclusions well 0. 10 1 3

Abstract This study evaluated two surgical sterilization techniques in free-ranging female capybaras (n = 21). The first group underwent uterine horn ligature (HL; n = 11), while the second was subjected to partial salpingectomy (S; n = 10). We assessed total operative time, incision length, the ease of identifying reproductive structures, the adequacy of exposure for surgical performance through flank or midline approaches, and the extent of abdominal viscera manipulation for each method. The HL method emerged as faster, with an average operative time difference of 16 minutes. In the S group, a flank mini-laparotomy over the ovarian topography facilitated easy exposure of the ipsilateral ovary and uterine tube, enabling ligature and partial resection of the uterine tube but not the uterine horn exposure. However, accessing the contralateral uterine tube without a bilateral incision was impractical, thus prolonging the total operative time due to the need for patient repositioning and new antisepsis procedures. Conversely, a post-umbilical approach for the HL method necessitated only one mini-laparotomy incision, offering ample uterine exposure for hysterotomy in pregnant females. Both methods involved minimal abdominal viscera manipulation and resulted in no fatalities or postoperative complications. Although direct comparison is limited by the distinct sterilization techniques and surgical approaches, this study underscores the challenges and surgical access of each method. Our findings endorse the HL technique as an effective contraception method for female capybaras to prevent the birth of seronegative offspring that could amplify Rickettsia sp., the causative agent of Brazilian spotted fever. freeranging free ranging 21. 21 . 21) (HL 11, 11 , 11) (S 10. 10 10) length structures approaches faster 1 minutes minilaparotomy mini laparotomy However impractical procedures Conversely postumbilical post umbilical females complications sp sp. fever 2

Resumo Os estudos sobre a fauna helmintológica do Brasil começaram no início do século 20 e, desde então, vários zoólogos de diversas partes do país têm se concentrado na parasitologia. Estudos recentes avançaram na compreensão da biodiversidade helmintológica na região amazônica, especialmente em peixes, essenciais para a economia amazônica. Este estudo teve como objetivo inventariar a fauna de platelmintos em Cuniculus paca (paca). Foram analisadas as vísceras de 30 pacas e identificados 60 espécimes de platelmintos, sendo 52 cestódeos e 8 trematódeos. Os cestódeos, pertencentes à família Davaneidae, foram identificados como Raillietina spp., com ocorrência de 26,67% (n = 8), abundância média de 1,83 e intensidade média de 6,5, encontrados no intestino delgado. Os trematódeos, encontrados no intestino grosso, foram identificados como Stichorchis spp., com ocorrência de 6,6% (n = 2), abundância média de 0,32 e intensidade média de quatro. Para o gênero Raillietina, foram fornecidas novas informações sobre a helmintofauna desse roedor cinegético na Amazônia Ocidental. A descoberta de um novo local de ocorrência do gênero Stichorchis destaca a lacuna no conhecimento sobre a diversidade parasitária de animais, consumidos no extremo oeste da Amazônia, enfatizando a necessidade de investigações científicas mais aprofundadas nessa área. 2 então parasitologia amazônica peixes paca. . (paca) 3 6 5 trematódeos Davaneidae spp spp. 2667 26 67 26,67 n 8, , 8) 183 1 83 1,8 65 6,5 delgado grosso 66 6,6 2, 2) 032 0 32 0,3 quatro Ocidental animais área (paca 266 26,6 18 1, 6, 03 0, 26,

Abstract Studies on Brazil’s helminthological fauna began in the early 20th century, and since then several zoologists from different parts of the country have focused on parasitology. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of helminthological biodiversity in the Amazon region, especially in fish, which is essential for the Amazonian economy. This study aimed to inventory the platyhelminth fauna Cuniculus paca (paca). The viscera of 30 pacas were analyzed, and 60 specimens of platyhelminths were identified, including 52 cestodes and 8 trematodes. Cestodes belonging to the family Davaneidae, identified as Raillietina spp., with an occurrence of 26.67% (n = 8), mean abundance 1.83 and mean intensity of 6.5, were found in the small intestine. The trematodes found in the large intestine were identified as Stichorchis spp., with an occurrence of 6.6% (n = 2), mean abudance 0.32 and a mean intensity of four. To the genus Raillietina, we provide new insights into the helminth fauna of this game rodent in the Western Amazon. The discovery of a new site of occurrence for the genus Stichorchis highlights the gap in knowledge regarding the parasitic diversity of consumed animals in the extreme western Amazon region, emphasizing the need for more in-depth scientific investigations in this area. Brazils Brazil s th century parasitology region fish economy paca. . (paca) 3 analyzed 6 5 Davaneidae spp spp. 2667 26 67 26.67 n 8, , 8) 183 1 83 1.8 65 6.5 66 6.6 2, 2 2) 032 0 32 0.3 four indepth depth area (paca 266 26.6 18 1. 6. 03 0. 26.

RESUMO: Um surto de fotossensibilização em bovinos da raça Holandesa e Jersey foi observado após a passagem de um ciclone extratropical no Sul do Brasil, quando houve queda de diversas árvores, dentre elas Myrocarpus frondosus (família Fabaceae), popularmente conhecida como “gabreúva, cabriúna ou gabriúna”. Cinco novilhas consumiram folhas dessa planta, e todas adoeceram. Os principais sinais clínicos foram diminuição do apetite, permanência dentro da água, diminuição dos movimentos ruminais, fezes ressecadas, esclera e conjuntivas congestas e ictéricas, urina escura e inquietação quando expostas ao sol. Uma novilha apresentou andar em círculos, incoordenação e inquietação e morte seis dias após início dos sinais clínicos. A partir do sétimo dia, três novilhas apresentaram melhora e uma permaneceu apática, com as mucosas ictéricas, ulceração e descamação na língua, aumento da frequência respiratória, febre e morreu 18 dias após ingestão da planta. Na necropsia foram observadas lesões de fotossensibilização na pele despigmentada, focinho, tetos, ponta da orelha, caracterizadas por descontinuidade da pele com formação de crostas, exsudato inflamatório associado a vermelhidão da pele além de ulceração na boca, focinho e porção ventral da língua e icterícia acentuada e edema, na região submandibular. O fígado estava aumentado de volume, de cor laranja, vesícula biliar repleta e com edema de parede. Através da microscopia foram observadas, lesões hepáticas, caracterizadas por necrose de hepatócitos, moderada e difusa, degeneração vacuolar, centrolobular, retenção de bilirrubina e proliferação de epitélio biliar. Na literatura, não há relatos da toxicidade de M. frondosus para bovinos. Com o objetivo de esclarecer o possível quadro clínico-patológico produzido por essa planta foram conduzidos experimentos em bovinos. Foi realizado um levantamento dos dados epidemiológicos do surto espontâneo diagnosticado e, posteriormente, três bovinos receberam as folhas verdes da planta e um quarto recebeu as folhas dessecadas. Após a administração da planta, foram coletadas amostras de sangue diariamente para hemograma, dosagem de enzimas hepáticas (gama glutamil transferase, fosfatase alcalina, alanina aminotransferase, aspartato transferase), bilirrubina, aferição dos parâmetros vitais e biópsia hepática a partir do surgimento dos sinais clínicos. Em caso de morte, foi realizada necropsia com coleta de amostras de vísceras para avaliação macro e microscópica. A parte experimental foi desenvolvida nas dependências do Laboratório de Patologia Animal, CAV-UDESC. A dose única de 33g/kg de folhas verdes causou graves sinais clínicos, enquanto a administração de 22g/kg e 11g/kg causou sinais leves a moderados da doença. O fornecimento de folhas dessecadas em dose única não causou manifestações clínicas. M. frondosus pode ser responsabilizada como causa de fotossensibilização hepatógena espontânea em bovinos. A ingestão de folhas verdes dessa planta em doses superiores a 11g/kg pode levar a alterações clínicas, com posterior recuperação, ou evoluir para morte com lesões hepáticas graves. RESUMO Brasil árvores família Fabaceae, Fabaceae , Fabaceae) gabreúva, gabreúva “gabreúva gabriúna. gabriúna . gabriúna” adoeceram apetite água ruminais ressecadas ictéricas sol círculos dia apática respiratória 1 despigmentada tetos orelha crostas boca submandibular volume laranja parede hepatócitos difusa vacuolar centrolobular literatura M clínicopatológico clínico patológico posteriormente hemograma gama transferase alcalina aminotransferase transferase) microscópica Animal CAVUDESC. CAVUDESC CAV UDESC. UDESC CAV-UDESC 33gkg gkg 33g kg g 22gkg 22g 11gkg 11g doença clínicas recuperação

ABSTRACT: An outbreak of photosensitization in Holstein and Jersey cattle occurred after the passage of an extratropical cyclone in Southern Brazil. On that occasion, several trees fell, including some of the species Myrocarpus frondosus (Fabaceae family) popularly known as “gabreúva”, “cabriúna” or “gabriúna”. Five heifers consumed the leaves of this plant, and all of them became ill. The main clinical signs were decreased appetite, permanence in the water, decreased ruminal movements, dry stools, congested and icteric sclera and conjunctivae, dark urine and restlessness when exposed to the sun. One heifer showed circling, incoordination, restlessness and death six days after the onset of clinical signs. From the seventh day, three heifers showed improvement; one remained apathetic, with jaundiced mucous membranes, ulceration, and scaling on the tongue, increased respiratory rate, and fever, and died 18 days after ingestion of the plant. At necropsy, photosensitivity lesions were observed on the depigmented skin, snout, teats, and ear tip, characterized by discontinuity of the skin with the formation of crusts, inflammatory exudate associated with redness of the skin, in addition to ulceration in the mouth, snout and ventral portion of the tongue and jaundice and edema in the submandibular region. The liver was enlarged, with an orange color, full gallbladder, and wall edema. Through microscopy, liver lesions were characterized by moderate and diffuse necrosis of hepatocytes, vacuolar and centrilobular degeneration, bilirubin retention and proliferation of biliary epithelium. The literature shows no reports of M. frondosus toxicity in cattle. Experiments were carried out in cattle to clarify the possible clinical-pathological picture produced by this plant. A survey of the epidemiological data of the diagnosed spontaneous outbreak was carried out, and subsequently, three cattle received the plant’s green leaves, and a fourth received the dried leaves. After administering the plant, blood samples were collected daily for blood count, measurement of liver enzymes (gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transferase), bilirubin, measurement of vital parameters and liver biopsy from the onset of signs. In case of death, a necropsy was performed with collection of viscera samples for macro and microscopic evaluation. The experimental part was developed at the Laboratory of Animal Pathology, CAV-UDESC. The single dose of 33g/kg of green leaves caused severe clinical signs, while the administration of 22g/kg and 11g/kg caused mild to moderate signs of the disease. The supply of desiccated leaves in a single dose did not cause clinical manifestations. M. frondosus can be blamed as a cause of spontaneous hepatogenous photosensitization in cattle. Experimentally, the ingestion of green leaves of this plant, in doses greater than 11g/kg can lead to clinical changes, with subsequent recovery, or progress to death with severe liver damage. ABSTRACT Brazil occasion fell Fabaceae family gabreúva, gabreúva , “gabreúva” cabriúna “cabriúna gabriúna. gabriúna . “gabriúna” plant ill appetite water movements stools conjunctivae sun circling incoordination day improvement apathetic membranes rate fever 1 teats tip crusts mouth region enlarged color gallbladder microscopy hepatocytes degeneration epithelium M clinicalpathological pathological subsequently plants s count gamma transferase phosphatase aminotransferase transferase) evaluation Pathology CAVUDESC. CAVUDESC CAV UDESC. UDESC CAV-UDESC 33gkg gkg 33g kg g 22gkg 22g 11gkg 11g disease manifestations Experimentally changes recovery damage “gabreúva “gabriúna

Resumo: Objetivo A comunidade componente de parasitas da ictiofauna foi investigada ao longo de um gradiente de pressões antropogênicas no Rio Guaraguaçu, sul do Brasil, um rio Neotropical com grande importância para a conservação da biodiversidade. Métodos Após a coleta, todos os peixes foram identificados, medidos, pesados e eviscerados. As vísceras e brânquias foram inspecionadas para coleta e subsequente identificação de parasitas. Estimadores de diversidade de parasitas foram calculados para as espécies de hospedeiros mais abundantes. Resultados Um total de 159 espécimes de hospedeiros de 12 espécies foram examinados, sendo 140 (88,05%) infectados com pelo menos um parasita, incluindo 14 novas ocorrências de parasitas. O parasita mais amplamente distribuído foi o nematoide Contracaecum sp., encontrado em 8 espécies de hospedeiros. As maiores intensidades de infecção e abundância foram observadas para o monogenético Aphanoblastella mastigatus, infectando o Jundiá Rhamdia quelen. Os índices de Shannon-Wiener, Jost e Simpson foram maiores para os peixes mais abundantes, exceto para a Traíra Hoplias malabaricus. A maioria das espécies de hospedeiros abrigava parasitas com distribuição pouco agregada, de acordo com o índice de discrepância. O índice de Berger-Parker mostrou a dominância de monogenéticos em todos os hospedeiros, exceto H. malabaricus. Encontramos poucas evidências de mudanças nas infracomunidades de parasitas ao longo do gradiente do rio. Conclusões Descrevemos os padrões de infecção em um importante rio Neotropical. As novas ocorrências de parasitas destacam a importância de nosso estudo. Interações entre parasitos e peixes mudaram ao longo dos setores do rio, e isso não necessariamente resulta em mudanças na diversidade e abundância de parasitos dentro de cada espécie, mas um rearranjo das interações. Além disso, parece que os parasitas são mais abundantes na maioria dos locais impactados, o que é mais uma razão para continuar o monitoramento. Resumo Guaraguaçu Brasil biodiversidade identificados medidos eviscerados 15 1 examinados 88,05% 8805 88 05 (88,05% sp sp. mastigatus quelen ShannonWiener, ShannonWiener Shannon Wiener, Wiener Shannon-Wiener malabaricus agregada discrepância BergerParker Berger Parker H estudo espécie interações disso impactados monitoramento 88,05 880 0 (88,05 88,0 (88,0 88, (88, (88 (8 (

Abstract: Aim We investigated the ichthyofauna parasite component community across a gradient of anthropogenic pressures of the Guaraguaçu River, south Brazil, a Neotropical river of central importance for biodiversity conservation. Methods After fish sampling, all fish were identified, measured, weighed and eviscerated. The viscera and gills were inspected for parasite screening and subsequent identification. Parasite diversity estimators were calculated for the most abundant host species. Results A total of 159 host specimens from 12 species were examined, being 140 (88.05%) found to be infected with at least one parasite, including 14 new parasite occurrences. The most widely distributed parasite was the nematode Contracaecum sp., found in 8 host species. The highest mean infection intensity and mean abundance was observed for the monogenean Aphanoblastella mastigatus, infecting the Silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. The Shannon-Wiener, Jost and Simpson indexes were higher for the more abundant fishes, except for the Trahira Hoplias malabaricus. Most host species harbored parasites in poorly aggregated distribution, according to the discrepancy index. The Berger-Parker index showed monogenean dominance in all hosts except for H. malabaricus. We found little evidence for parasite infracommunity changes across the gradient of the river. Conclusions We described the infection patterns in an important Neotropical river. The new parasite occurrences highlight the contribution of our study. Fish-parasite interactions changed throughout the river stretches, and we argue that it does not necessarily means changes in diversity and abundance of parasite within species, but the rearrange of interactions. Moreover, it seems that parasites are more abundant in most impacted sites, another reason to continue the monitoring. Abstract River Brazil conservation sampling identified measured eviscerated identification 15 1 examined 88.05% 8805 88 05 (88.05% sp sp. mastigatus quelen ShannonWiener, ShannonWiener Shannon Wiener, Wiener Shannon-Wiener fishes malabaricus distribution BergerParker Berger Parker H study Fishparasite Fish stretches Moreover sites monitoring 88.05 880 0 (88.05 88.0 (88.0 88. (88. (88 (8 (

RESUMEN La hernia diafragmática de Morgagni es una malformación congénita poco común, que se caracteriza por un defecto en el diafragma, permitiendo que las vísceras abdominales penetren en el tórax. Este caso clínico ilustra un adolescente de 17 años, al que se le diagnosticó hernia diafragmática de Morgagni tras una evaluación inicial que sugería neumonía. La presentación enfatiza en la importancia de una historia clínica detallada, el uso de estudios de imagen y un enfoque multidisciplinario, para diagnosticar y manejar la hernia diafragmática de Morgagni, especialmente en presentaciones tardías.

ABSTRACT Morgagni diaphragmatic hernia is a rare congenital malformation, characterized by a defect in the diaphragm, allowing the abdominal viscera to penetrate the thorax. This case report illustrates a 17-year-old boy who was diagnosed with Morgagni diaphragmatic hernia after an initial evaluation suggesting pneumonia. The presentation emphasizes the importance of a detailed clinical history, the use of imaging studies, and a multidisciplinary approach to diagnose and manage Morgagni diaphragmatic hernia, especially in late presentations.

RESUMEN Introducción: el plastrón apendicular es una patología infrecuente ma- nifestada como una tumoración inflamatoria constituida por el apén- dice, vísceras adyacentes y epiplón mayor cuando el organismo logra controlar parcialmente la apendicitis, evitando así una peritonitis. Este trabajo busca determinar características y manejo de pacientes con plas- trón apendicular del Servicio de Cirugía general del Hospital Nacional de Itauguá. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo de corte trans- verso. Resultados: del total de 50 pacientes, 88% consultó por dolor, el promedio de días de enfermedad previo de 9 días y una internación pro- medio de 11 días. Al examen físico 82% presentaba tumoración en fosa iliaca derecha. El 56 % requirió cirugía: 16 fueron lavado de cavidad más drenaje (por plastrón roto y abscedado a cavidad), 1 caso colectomía derecha y 2 casos drenajes percutáneos. Conclusión: Probablemente debido al retraso al acceso del sistema de salud, los pacientes al acudir ya presentan complicaciones del plastrón apendicular que requieren un tratamiento quirúrgico en más de la mitad de los casos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: this study seeks to determine the characteristics and management of patients with appendiceal mass at the General Surgery Service at the Hospital Nacional de Itauguá, an infrequent pathology manifested as an inflammatory tumor consisting of the inflamed appen- dix, adjacent viscera and greater omentum when the organism manages to partially control appendicitis, thus avoiding peritonitis. Methods: retrospective, descriptive study, being variables: reason for consultation, days of illness and hospitalization, treatment, etc. Results: of the total of 50 samples, 88% consulted for pain, the average number of days of illness is 9 days and hospitalization 11 days, on physical examination 82% presented a tumor in the right iliac fossa. 56% required surgery: 16 were cavity lavage plus drainage, 1 case right colectomy and 2 cases percutaneous drainage. Conclusion: According to the bibliographies, in recent years a conservative attitude is spreading. In our work, however, immediate surgery was performed in 56% of the cases, we did not verify the use of delayed surgery, probably due to lack of follow-up. Most come with symptoms of approximately 9 days, already as a ruptured abscess in the cavity, so the most used technique was lavage + cavity drainage.

RESUMEN La hernia obturatriz tiene una incidencia de menos del 1% de todas las hernias de la pared abdominal, se presentan predominantemente en mujeres de edad avanzada y se caracteriza por la protrusión de las vísceras intraabdominales hacia el agujero obturador. El diagnóstico preoperatorio suele ser difícil debido a la falta de manifestaciones externas obvias, síntomas y signos inespecíficos y falta de sospecha clínica. El retraso en el diagnóstico y en el tratamiento de esta afección generalmente conduce a una alta tasa de mortalidad. Reportamos el caso de una paciente con hernia obturatriz complicada y hernia inguinal bilateral, la cual fue resuelto por cirugía mínimamente invasiva, no hubo complicaciones en la evolución postoperatoria, siendo su estancia hospitalaria siete días.

SUMMARY Obturator hernia has an incidence of less than 1% of all abdominal wall hernias, it is predominantly observed in elder women and it is characterized by protrusion of intra-abdominal viscera into the shutter hole. The preoperative diagnosis is difficult due to the lack of external manifestations, nonspecific symptoms and lack of clinical suspicion. Delaying diagnosis and treatment is associated with high mortality. We report the case of a female patient with a complicated obturator hernia with concomitant bilateral inguinal hernias that underwent minimally invasive surgery with no complications and a seven day stay in hospital.

Resumo A hérnia diafragmática congénita (HDC) resulta do encerramento incompleto do canal pleuroperitoneal durante o desenvolvimento fetal, permitindo a herniação do conteúdo abdominal para a cavidade torácica. Apresenta-se tipicamente durante o período neonatal sob a forma de dificuldade respiratória, podendo no entanto manifestar-se mais tarde na vida. O diagnóstico de HDC tardia deve ser considerado no diagnóstico diferencial de crianças com sintomas agudos ou recorrentes inespecíficos, principalmente respiratórios ou gastrointestinais, ou ambos. A clínica e a radiografia simples continuam a ser os elementos-chave para o diagnóstico. A correção cirúrgica precoce do defeito diafragmático é crucial para prevenir uma possível passagem ou estrangulamento das vísceras abdominais e problemas respiratórios graves. Neste artigo, os autores apresentam o caso de uma HDC de apresentação tardia, caracterizada pelo início agudo de sintomas gastrointestinais, como dor abdominal e vómitos. Foi realizada correção toracoscópica com redução do conteúdo abdominal (intestino delgado e cólon) e sutura do defeito diafragmático posterior.

Abstract Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) results from incomplete closure of the pleuroperitoneal canal during fetal development, allowing herniation of abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity. It usually presents in the neonatal period with respiratory distress, but can also manifest later in life. The diagnosis of late-onset CDH should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of children with acute or recurrent nonspecific symptoms, especially respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms or both. Clinical suspicion and plain radiography remain the key to diagnosis. Early surgical correction of the diaphragmatic defect is crucial to prevent possible passage or strangulation of abdominal viscera and severe respiratory problems. In the present report, the authors present a typical case of late-onset CDH with acute presentation of gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., abdominal pain and vomiting). Thoracoscopic repair was performed, with reduction of the abdominal contents (small bowel and colon) and suturing of the posterior diaphragmatic defect.