Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges to entities responsible for qualifying healthcare professionals worldwide, needing adaptation to offer distance learning courses in the face of implications such as social distancing. However, despite these courses, there are still gaps in understanding their effects. Objective: To analyse the feeling of professional managers on the effects of a distance learning course, implemented for the development of public health competencies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Qualitative research based on data collected from the virtual course environment, which included responses to a question posed to manager-professionals one month after completion: "Which tasks do you routinely perform that have undergone any modification due to your participation in the course?" Data analysis used Descending Hierarchical Classification with the aid of the IRAMUTEQ® software, focusing on Simple Segments of Text (SST). SSTs were classified based on their respective vocabularies of higher frequency and words with significant association (p<0.001). Finally, the software produced a dendrogram illustrating the hierarchical class scheme. Results: 256 responses were processed with a utilization rate of 76.3% of SSTs, resulting in a dendrogram with four classes, revealing modifications in (1) Execution of daily work tasks; (2) Expansion of knowledge about work in the Unified Health System; (3) Coordination between areas for the development of actions in Public Health; (4) Support and guidance for health surveillance actions in collaboration with municipalities. Final Considerations: The use of IRAMUTEQ® software eased the processing and analysis of a large amount of qualitative data, yielding findings that showed significant changes in the professional practice of managers and, so, a positive impact on the development of public health competencies even during a pandemic.

Resumo Introdução: a pandemia COVID-19 trouxe desafios às instâncias responsáveis pela qualificação dos profissionais de saúde no mundo todo, que necessitaram se adaptar para oferta de cursos na modalidade à distância, frente às implicações impostas, como o distanciamento social. Entretanto, a despeito desses cursos, ainda persistem lacunas na produção de conhecimentos dos seus efeitos. Objetivo: analisar a percepção de profissionais-gestores sobre os efeitos de um curso na modalidade à distância, implementado para desenvolvimento de competências em saúde pública em tempos de pandemia COVID-19. Metodologia: pesquisa qualitativa realizada a partir de dados coletados do ambiente virtual do curso que, dentre outras informações, possuía respostas de uma pergunta realizada para os profissionais-gestores um mês após a sua conclusão: quais tarefas você executa habitualmente que sofreram algum tipo de modificação em consequência de sua participação no curso? A análise dos dados ocorreu por Classificação Hierárquica Descendente com auxílio do software IRAMUTEQ®, a partir de segmentos simples de texto (SST). Os SST foram classificados em função dos respectivos vocabulários de maior frequência e das palavras com associação significativa (p<0,001). Por fim, o software produziu um dendrograma com a ilustração do esquema hierárquico de classes. . Resultados: foram processadas 256 respostas com aproveitamento de 76,3% dos SST, que resultaram em um dendrograma de quatro classes, sendo possível constatar modificações na/o: (1) Execução de tarefas do cotidiano laboral; (2) Ampliação do conhecimento acerca do trabalho no Sistema Único de Saúde; (3) Articulação entre áreas para desenvolvimento das ações em Saúde Pública; (4) Apoio e orientações de ações de vigilância em saúde junto aos municípios. Considerações Finais: o uso do software IRAMUTEQ® facilitou o processamento e a análise de grande número de dados qualitativos. Destarte, foram obtidos achados que apontaram mudanças significativas na prática profissional dos gestores e, consequentemente, efeito positivo no desenvolvimento de competências.

Abstract The text addresses the analysis of the global pandemic in December 2021, caused by the Sars-Cov 2 virus, resulting in millions of deaths and transforming social, institutional, and familial life. Following the stabilization of Covid-19 in various regions, there is an emphasis on reflecting on the two years of almost complete confinement, acknowledging that this crisis is a superimposition of health, social, political, economic, educational, and environmental crises. The importance of examining the implications for the pedagogical sphere and professional training in the “new normal” is highlighted. A historical analysis of the pandemic is proposed from psychological, social, cultural, educational, and environmental perspectives. Advocacy for learning from the experience, reviewing virtual pedagogical actions, and building more promising futures by integrating educational and environmental aspects. Finally, it is suggested to use analytical perspectives from authors such as Isabelle Stengers, Donna Haraway, and Ailton Krenak to understand and address the challenges posed.

Resumen El texto aborda el análisis de la pandemia global de diciembre de 2021, causada por el virus Sars-Cov 2, que resultó en millones de muertes y transformó la vida social, institucional y familiar. Tras la estabilización del Covid en varias regiones, se destaca la necesidad de reflexionar sobre los dos años de casi total confinamiento, reconociendo que esta crisis es una superposición de crisis en salud, social, política, económica, educativa y ambiental. Se plantea la importancia de examinar las implicaciones para el ámbito pedagógico y la formación profesional en la “nueva normalidad”. Se propone un análisis histórico de la pandemia desde perspectivas psicológicas, sociales, culturales, educativas y ambientales. Se aboga por aprender de la experiencia, revisar las acciones pedagógicas virtuales y construir futuros más prometedores, integrando lo educativo y ambiental. Finalmente, se sugiere utilizar perspectivas analíticas de autores como Isabelle Stengers, Donna Haraway y Ailton Krenak para comprender y abordar los desafíos planteados.

ABSTRACT This article keeps in mind the application of the discriminating against analysis in the educational environment in confinamiento time for Covid19, focused in evaluating the factors that influenced in the process of the students' of the Agrarian University of Ecuador (UAE) virtual learning. He/she was carried out the rising of data by means of surveys directed to students of the Ability of Agricultural Economy in their different headquarters. The students were classified in two groups of interest, those with level of low learning and those with level of high learning, the obtained data were analyzed under the supposition of normality multivalente of the discriminadores. The results showed significant differences among the variance-covariance wombs, evidencing that the learning levels possess atypical patterns of variability to each other. Also, it was evidenced that the registered variable Semester (S) and Relationship educational-student (RDE) presents high dispersion among the groups, while the variables that possess a relatively smaller dispersion are Knowledge of virtual (CUP) platforms and Preference to the virtual (MV) modality. The discriminating against obtained function justifies in its entirety the variance in the original data, demonstrating to be of help in the process of the new students' classification being able to predict its learning level.

RESUMEN Este artículo tiene en cuenta la aplicación del análisis discriminante en el ámbito educativo en época de confinamiento por el Covid19, enfocado en evaluar los factores que influyeron en el proceso de aprendizaje virtual de los estudiantes de la Universidad Agraria del Ecuador (UAE). Se realizó el levantamiento de datos mediante encuestas dirigidas a estudiantes de la Facultad de Economía Agrícola en sus diferentes sedes. Los estudiantes fueron clasificados en dos grupos de interés, aquellos con nivel de aprendizaje bajo y aquellos con nivel de aprendizaje alto, los datos obtenidos se analizaron bajo la suposición de normalidad multivalente de los discriminadores. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre las matrices de varianza-covarianza, evidenciando que los niveles de aprendizaje poseen patrones de variabilidad atípicos entre sí. Asimismo, se evidenció que las variables Semestre matriculado (S) y Relación docente-estudiante (RDE) presentan alta dispersión entre los grupos, mientras las variables que poseen una dispersión relativamente menor son Conocimiento de plataformas virtuales (CUP) y Preferencia a la modalidad virtual (MV). La función discriminante obtenida justifica en su totalidad la varianza en los datos originales, demostrando ser de ayuda en el proceso de clasificación de los nuevos estudiantes pudiendo predecir su nivel de aprendizaje.

Resumen El modelo propuesto tiene como meta fusionar el aprendizaje que ocurre en el entorno físico o presencial con el entorno virtual, logrando una integración armoniosa entre los sistemas de gestión de aprendizaje y las redes sociales. Mediante esta integración se persigue impulsar un enfoque de aprendizaje que fomente la colaboración, la comunicación y la interacción en el ámbito de la educación superior. Esta innovadora propuesta, desde la perspectiva del aprendizaje mixto, logra amalgamar la formalidad característica de los sistemas de gestión de aprendizaje con la espontaneidad inherente a las redes sociales. Esta sinergia permite aprovechar las virtudes distintivas de cada plataforma, con el propósito fundamental de agilizar la interacción y el intercambio de información entre docentes y estudiantes. Como resultado se busca enriquecer significativamente la vivencia de aprendizaje, mejorando así la calidad y efectividad del proceso educativo.

Abstract The proposed model aims to merge learning that occurs in the physical or face-to-face environment with the virtual environment, achieving a harmonious integration between learning management systems and social networks. Through this integration, the aim is to promote a learning approach that fosters collaboration, communication, and interaction in the higher education environment. This innovative proposal, from the perspective of blended learning, manages to amalgamate the formality characteristic of learning management systems with the spontaneity inherent in social networks. This synergy makes it possible to take advantage of the distinctive virtues of each platform, with the fundamental purpose of streamlining the interaction and exchange of information between teachers and students. As a result, the learning experience is significantly enriched, thus improving the quality and effectiveness of the educational process.

This article presents the findings of a South African study conducted in a private Higher Education Institution. The aim of the article was to explore teaching strategies suitable for hybrid classrooms, to create an environment to integrate virtual and in-person student groups for optimal learning outcomes. A hybrid classroom requires academic staff to engage both groups in student-centred activities and therefore, this article argues that traditional teaching strategies may not be optimal in achieving integration. This exploratory study employed a practical action research design, to teaching strategies in hybrid classrooms. The data was collected by conducting class observation and two focus groups. The study used Braun and Clarke's (2006) thematic analysis for data analysis. The findings indicated that academic staff have a limited understanding regarding teaching strategies that would bridge the gap between virtual and in-person students. The study emphasised the necessity of an inquiry-based mindset in the hybrid teaching environment. The focus groups unanimously advocated for adopting an "adapted student-centred instructional approach" to address hybrid classroom challenges. This research contributes to understanding student-centred teaching strategies in hybrid classrooms. The key insight was that teacher-centred approaches by academic staff did not equally integrate virtual and in-person student participation. The study underscores the importance of lecturer training in effective student-centred teaching strategies for optimal learning in hybrid classrooms

Summary Learning objects (LO) are defined as those files or digital units that can be used in different scenarios and pedagogical contexts. The objective of this work was to characterize the use of polymedia videos (PV) as LO of practical biochemistry contents by the students of the Molecular and Cellular Biology (BMC) course of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. For this, in the specific section of the biochemistry Virtual Learning Environment (EVA-FVet) within the BMC course, 10 PV of practical content were offered to be consulted as support material prior to their delivery and for preparation of evaluative instances and carrying out exams. Using statistics obtained from YouTube, the following was analyzed for each PV: number of views, total duration of views, average playback time, average playback percentage, percentage of total views made by different devices (computer, mobile phone, and tablet). The results obtained showed that the VP were viewed in a number similar to the number of students, reproduced on average with 63% of their duration, with an inversely proportional relationship between the duration and the percentage of reproduction. In addition, they were fundamentally viewed through computers and, to a lesser extent, through cell phones and tablets. With this work it can be concluded that the students used the PV as LO for the follow-up of the practical ones, as well as for the preparation of partial tests and/or exams.

Resumen Los objetos de aprendizaje (OA) se definen como aquellos archivos o unidades digitales que pueden ser utilizados en distintos escenarios y contextos pedagógicos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar el uso de videos polimedia (VP) como OA de contenidos prácticos de Bioquímica por los estudiantes del curso de Biología Molecular y Celular (BMC) de la Facultad de Veterinaria. Para ello, en la sección específica del Entorno Virtual de Aprendizaje (EVA-FVet) de Bioquímica dentro del curso de BMC, se ofrecieron 10 VP de contenidos prácticos para ser consultados como material de apoyo antes del dictado de estos y para la preparación de instancias evaluativas y realización de exámenes. Mediante estadísticas obtenidas de YouTube, se analizó para cada VP: número de visualizaciones, duración total de las visualizaciones, tiempo medio de reproducción, porcentaje medio de reproducción, porcentaje de visualizaciones totales realizadas en distintos dispositivos (computadora, teléfono móvil y tablet). Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que los VP fueron visualizados un número de veces similar al número de estudiantes, reproducidos en promedio un 63 % de su duración, con una relación inversamente proporcional entre la duración y el porcentaje de reproducción. Además, fueron visualizados fundamentalmente en computadoras y, en menor medida, celulares y tablets. Con este trabajo se puede concluir que los estudiantes utilizaron los VP como OA para el seguimiento de los prácticos, así como para la preparación de pruebas parciales y/o exámenes.

Resumo Objetos de aprendizagem (OA) são definidos como aqueles arquivos ou unidades digitais que podem ser utilizados em diferentes cenários e contextos pedagógicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a utilização de vídeos polimídia (VP) como OA de conteúdos práticos de Bioquímica pelos alunos da disciplina de Biologia Molecular e Celular (BMC) da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária. Para tanto, na seção específica do Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem de Bioquímica (EVA-FVet) dentro do curso BMC, foram oferecidos 10 VP de conteúdo prático para serem consultados como material de apoio antes de sua entrega e para elaboração de instâncias avaliativas e realização de exames. Usando estatísticas obtidas do YouTube, foram analisados para cada VP: número de visualizações, duração total das visualizações, tempo médio de reprodução, porcentagem média de reprodução, porcentagem do total de visualizações feitas por diferentes dispositivos (computador, celular e tablet). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os VP foram visualizados em número semelhante ao número de alunos, reproduzidos em média com 63% de sua duração, havendo uma relação inversamente proporcional entre a duração e o percentual de reprodução. Foram visualizados através de computadores e, em menor escala, de telemóveis e tablets. Com este trabalho conclui-se que os alunos utilizaram o VP como OA para o acompanhamento das práticas, bem como para a elaboração de testes parciais e/ou exames.

Resumo Num mercado altamente competitivo, a implementação de uma estratégia de marketing eficaz é essencial para atrair clientes. Os resultados obtidos durante o segundo e terceiro semestres de 2023 oferecem resultados valiosos sobre a aplicação docoachingvirtual em programação neurolinguística do departamento demarketingda escola de ciências gerenciais da uned. Para o efeito, propõe-se uma investigação qualitativa para determinar a sua eficácia como estratégia deinbound marketinga partir do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem da disciplina demarketingi. Esta ferramenta, para além de compreender as necessidades dos alunos, é funcional para melhorar a sua experiência educativa.

Résumé Dans un marché hautement concurrentiel, la mise en œuvre d’une stratégie marketing efficace est essentielle pour attirer les clients. Les résultats obtenus au cours des deuxième et troisième semestres de 2023 offrent des résultats précieux sur l’application ducoachingvirtuel en programmation neurolinguistique du département de marketing de la school of management sciences de l’uned. À cette fin, une recherche qualitative est proposée pour déterminer son efficacité en tant que stratégie de marketing entrant à partir de l’environnement d’apprentissage virtuel de la matièremarketingi. Cet outil, en plus de comprendre les besoins des étudiants, est fonctionnel pour améliorer leur expérience éducative.

Abstract In a highly competitive market, implementing an effective marketing strategy is essential to attract customers. The findings obtained during the second and third quarters of 2023 offer valuable results on the application of virtualcoachingin neurolinguistic programming from the marketing department of the school of management sciences of the uned. For this purpose, a qualitative research is proposed to determine its effectiveness as aninbound marketingstrategy from the virtual learning environment of the marketing i subject. This tool, in addition to understanding the needs of students, is functional to improve their educational experience.

Resumen En un mercado altamente competitivo, implementar una estrategia de marketing eficaz es fundamental para atraer clientes. Los hallazgos obtenidos durante el segundo y tercer cuatrimestre del 2023 ofrecen resultados valiosos sobre la aplicación delcoachingvirtual en programación neurolingüística desde la cátedra de mercadeo de la escuela de ciencias de la administración de la uned. Para ello, se propone una investigación cualitativa para determinar su efectividad como estrategia deinbound marketingdesde el entorno virtual de aprendizaje de la asignatura mercadeo i. Esta herramienta además de comprender las necesidades de los estudiantes es funcional para mejorar su experiencia educativa.

Resumo Esse trabalho tem o objetivo de descrever o contexto do empreendedor do estudante universitário no ambiente de aprendizagem durante a pandemia provocada pelo COVID-19, além de conhecer os padrões de pensamento empreendedor e as suas expectativas. Um questionário foi aplicado em 662 estudantes de uma aula de empreendimento ao nível de estudos de graduação. Os estudantes estavam no último ano dos seus estudos em várias disciplinas. O questionário foi feito com base em a filosofia educativa do Work Integrated Learning (WIL), mostrando uma análise geral em função do gênero, focando-se principalmente em mulheres. Mostrou-se o contexto atual da educação e ensino virtual, as tendências da orientação de empreendimentos, e o empreendimento individual. Os primeiros resultados mostraram que a experiência laboral previa e o fato de tomar riscos são essenciais para começar um empreendimento, com o temor dos riscos sendo o obstáculo maior nas mulheres. Os pontos fundamentais destacados para um empreendimento exitoso são a liderança, a persistência, a responsabilidade e o fato de dispor com a tecnologia necessária para seu desenvolvimento. JEL: I21 Análise da educação.

Resumen Este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir el contexto emprendedor del estudiante universitario en un ambiente de aprendizaje dentro de la pandemia provocada por el COVID-19, así como conocer los patrones de pensamiento emprendedor y sus expectativas. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 662 estudiantes de una clase de emprendimiento que se imparte en pregrado. Los estudiantes se encuentran estudiando el último año y son de distintas disciplinas. El cuestionario está basado en la filosofía educativa del Work-Integrated Learning (WIL), y muestra un análisis general por género, enfocado principalmente en mujeres. Se muestra el contexto actual sobre educación y enseñanza virtual, las tendencias sobre la orientación emprendedora, así como el emprendimiento individual. Los primeros resultados encontrados fueron que la experiencia laboral previa, tal como el tomar riesgos, es primordial para empezar a emprender, siendo este último en las mujeres el mayor obstáculo. Se destacan, además, como aspectos fundamentales para un emprendimiento exitoso, el liderazgo, la persistencia, la responsabilidad y el contar con tecnología para su desarrollo. JEL: I21 Análisis de la educación.

Abstract This study has as its objective to describe the context of entrepreneurship in university students in a learning environment within the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as learning the patterns of entrepreneur thought and its corresponding expectations. A survey was applied on 662 students in an entrepreneurship class at the undergraduate level. The students were on their last year of studies and belonged to various fields of education. The survey was made based on the Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) education philosophy, showing a general analysis by gender, mainly focusing on women. It includes the current context on education and virtual teaching, trends on entrepreneurial guidance, as well as individual entrepreneurs-hip. The first results obtained revealed that previous work experience, as well as taking risks, are essential to start an entrepreneurial activity, with fear to risk being the greater obstacle for women. Some noteworthy aspects for a successful entrepreneurial activity include leadership skills, persistence, responsibility and holding the necessary technology for its progress. JEL: I21 Education analysis.

RESUMEN El estudio tuvo como objetivo probar empíricamente el impacto de un entorno de aprendizaje virtual en la competencia profesional de los futuros profesores de informática en el aprendizaje permanente mediante la realización de una encuesta y la comparación de la competencia profesional de estudiantes de licenciatura y maestría, así como sus opiniones sobre el impacto del entorno de aprendizaje virtual sobre la competencia profesional de los futuros docentes en el aprendizaje permanente. Los métodos de encuesta fueron cognitivos, motivacionales, basados en actividades y basados en valores. Una encuesta entre estudiantes encontró que un entorno de aprendizaje virtual tiene el impacto más significativo en el componente de actividad de la competencia profesional, y la mayoría de los estudiantes están motivados para utilizar entornos de aprendizaje virtuales para mejorar su competencia profesional. La encuesta al profesorado reveló una actitud positiva hacia el desarrollo profesional a través de entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, la prevalencia entre los estudiantes de niveles altos y suficientes de competencia profesional y alfabetización digital. Los resultados obtenidos se pueden utilizar para ajustar el proceso educativo virtual de formación profesional de futuros docentes en el sistema de las IES de Ucrania.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to empirically test the impact of a virtual learning environment on the professional competence of future computer science teachers in lifelong learning by conducting a survey and comparing the professional competence of bachelor and master students, as well as their opinions on the impact of the virtual learning environment on future teachers’ professional competence in lifelong learning. The surveying methods were cognitive, motivational, activity-based, and value-based. A survey of students found that a virtual learning environment has the most significant impact on the activity component of professional competence, and most students are motivated to use virtual learning environments to improve their professional competence. The survey of teaching staff revealed a positive attitude towards professional development through virtual learning environments, the prevalence among students of high and sufficient levels of professional competence and digital literacy. The obtained results can be used to adjust the virtual educational process of future teachers’ professional training in the system of Ukrainian HEIs.

Post-graduate online students studying in cohorts are expected to collaborate effectively with their peers and instructors in the virtual environment and are presumed to have the necessary skills needed for self-directed online learning. However, studies have shown that the low retention and success rates in online learning could be attributed to individual students experiencing a sense of isolation in a community of online students. Providing various non-academic support is as crucial for ensuring success as academic support services. More importantly, the support should acknowledge and address the unique set of skills, experiences, and expectations of the individual student in the community of online learners. This study aimed to ascertain whether professional and administrative student support that focused on the individual needs of the post-graduate student promotes retention and success in online studies. A qualitative case study at a business school at a South African higher education institution evaluated the professional and administrative support types, range and timing in promoting success in online post-graduate studies. This included the content analysis of key documents such as the self-evaluation report and the survey report on evaluation, impact and lifelong learning of a post-graduate qualification, followed by a focus-group session to ascertain staff perceptions of the professional and administrative services and resources in promoting success in online post-graduate studies. Using Simpson's Proactive Motivational Support model (PaMS) as a lens, the study revealed a lack of motivational aspects of student support for online post-graduate students. Furthermore, the results affirmed the presumption of post-graduate students as a homogenous group prepared to succeed in online learning communities. Moreover, that limited provision was made to support online postgraduate students from remote areas and for those with disabilities. The study concludes that a more personalised approach to student support will motivate post-graduate students to become successful self-directed students in a community of online learners. Moreover, a focused school, college and institutional approach and an integrated inter- and intra-institutional collaboration are needed to enhance self-directed learning, foster a sense of belonging, and promote success in online post-graduate studies.

RESUMEN La realidad virtual es prometedora como tecnología prospectiva para la educación química, ya que tiene la capacidad de satisfacer los requisitos simultáneos de las instituciones académicas y sector industrial. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la percepción de estudiantes universitarios sobre el uso de la realidad virtual (RV) en el aprendizaje de macromoléculas. El presente estudio se enmarcó en un nivel aprehensivo, alcance descriptivo y un diseño de campo. La estructura metodológica seguida consistió en tres aspectos, que comprendieron, el diseño de la actividad de laboratorio virtual para el reconocimiento de compuestos químicos, la realización de la actividad con los estudiantes, y la medición de la percepción a través de un cuestionario modelo de aceptación tecnológica. El núcleo de este laboratorio lo constituyeron seis dispositivos Meta Quest 2 Advanced All-in-One Virtual Reality Headset, cada uno equipado con 128 GB de capacidad. En la investigación participaron 42 estudiantes del primer semestre de Química. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, el 80%, del alumnado expresó con confianza su creencia de que la incorporación de la RV en sus actividades educativas arrojará resultados positivos en lo que respecta a la comprensión y el rendimiento en el ámbito de la Química. De igual manera, 91% por ciento de los encuestados aseguraron que les gustaría que se incorporarán más actividades de RV. Se concluye que, al integrar la tecnología de la RV en el entorno educativo, se espera que los estudiantes posean la capacidad de comprender principios complejos como enlaces, orbitales y estructuras químicas.

ABSTRACT Virtual reality is promising as a prospective technology for chemistry education, as it has the ability to satisfy the simultaneous requirements of academic institutions and industrial sector. The objective of the research was to determine the perception of university students about the use of virtual reality (VR) in learning macromolecules. The present study was framed at an apprehensive level, descriptive scope and a field design. The methodological structure followed consisted of three aspects, which included the design of the virtual laboratory activity for the recognition of chemical compounds, carrying out the activity with the students, and measuring perception through an acceptance model questionnaire. technological. The core of this laboratory was six Meta Quest 2 Advanced All-in-One Virtual Reality Headset devices, each equipped with 128 GB of capacity. 42 students from the first semester of Chemistry participated in the research. According to the results obtained, 80% of the students confidently expressed their belief that the incorporation of VR in their educational activities will yield positive results in terms of understanding and performance in the field of Chemistry. Likewise, 91% percent of those surveyed said they would like to see more VR activities incorporated. It is concluded that by integrating VR technology into the educational environment, students are expected to possess the ability to understand complex principles such as bonds, orbitals, and chemical structures.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the use of virtual environments and online learning platforms have become a global trend for the development of academic processes Objective: to show the results obtained with the use of mobile telephony and the WhatsApp platform as a complement to face-to-face teaching, for collaborative learning in medical students. Methods: participatory action research adapted to educational practices during the 2022 academic year. The WhatsApp application was used as a platform and its chat. 12 6th year medical students participating in their internal medicine rotation and three teachers participated. Results: the knowledge of the virtual environment was deepened, synchronous and asynchronous communications were used through communication chats between the actors of the process and the information sharing functions, emojis and others, managing to stimulate collaborative learning through dynamic forms of communicative interaction in the construction of your own knowledge. The opinions and satisfaction with the use of the platform were mostly positive with some dissatisfaction. Conclusions: the use of mobile phones and WhatsApp as a tool for collaborative learning reinforced mutual cooperation between participants, demanded greater empathy and creativity from the teacher and demonstrated that communication technologies are becoming increasingly indispensable and mandatory knowledge. among the personal components of the educational teaching process.

RESUMEN Introducción: el uso de los ambientes virtuales y las plataformas de aprendizajes en línea, se han convertido en una tendencia mundial para el desarrollo de los procesos académicos Objetivo: mostrar los resultados obtenidos con el uso de la telefonía móvil y la plataforma WhatsApp como complemento de la enseñanza presencial, para un aprendizaje colaborativo en estudiantes de medicina. Métodos: investigación-acción participativa adaptada a las prácticas educativas durante el curso 2022. Se utilizó la aplicación WhatsApp como plataforma y el chat de la misma. Participaron 12 estudiantes del 6to año de medicina en su rotación de medicina interna y tres docentes. Resultados: se profundizó en el conocimiento del entorno virtual, se utilizaron las comunicaciones sincrónicas y asincrónicas mediante chats de comunicación entre los actores del proceso y las funciones compartir información, emojis y otras, logrando estimular el aprendizaje colaborativo mediante formas dinámicas de interacción comunicativa en la construcción de su propio conocimiento. Las opiniones y satisfacciones con el uso de la plataforma fueron mayoritariamente positivas con algunas insatisfacciones. Conclusiones: el uso del móvil y el WhatsApp como herramienta para el aprendizaje colaborativo, reforzó la cooperación mutua entre los participantes, demandó una mayor empatía y creatividad del docente y demostró que las tecnologías de la comunicación se tornan cada vez más indispensables y de conocimiento obligatorio entre los componentes personales del proceso docente educativo.

ABSTRACT The use of digital technologies in teaching determines the development of new intellectual skills in students, which facilitates the application of investigation strategies, improves their capabilities in an integral way, helps them face the difficulties and demands of the current world and allows them to acquire more significant learning to have a good performance in the socio-educational environment. With a view to fulfilling the above, an institutional repository of open educational resources was developed for the Virtual Health University, based on the use of free and open-source technology tools that allow the standardization and interoperability among each of the repositories established in the National Health System, which will guarantee logic of academic organization.

RESUMEN La utilización de herramientas tecnológicas en la docencia condiciona el desarrollo de nuevas destrezas intelectuales en los estudiantes, lo que les facilita la aplicación de estrategias de investigación, mejora sus capacidades de una forma integral, les ayuda a enfrentar las dificultades y exigencias del mundo y les permite adquirir un aprendizaje más significativo para poder desenvolverse en el ámbito socioeducativo. Con vistas a cumplir lo anterior, se desarrolló un repositorio institucional de recursos educativos abiertos para la Universidad Virtual de Salud, a partir del empleo de herramientas tecnológicas libres y de código abierto que permiten la estandarización e interoperabilidad entre cada uno de los repositorios establecidos en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, con lo cual se garantizará una lógica de organización académica.

Abstract Higher education during the pandemic assumed the challenge of adapting its formative contents to the virtual environment with consequent achievement of effective learning; in this context, it was proposed to evaluate the perception of learning in a subject of psychological intervention, formative research and social responsibility in a non-probabilistic sample of 277 psychology students from 19 to 48 years old, using the mixed method and non-experimental design, with the Scale of Perceived Learning in the Curricular Experience of Intervention Programs in Psychology and three open-ended questions. The results reflect a high evaluation of the course structure and the teaching role at 67.4% and 70.8%; higher perception of learning in private university students (U= 9414.000 and p=0.001); no distinction according to sex, age or occupation and the qualitative analysis recognizes the reinforcement of creativity, the acquisition of leadership and theoretical-practical competences, added to a satisfactory personal experience. These findings revalue the curricular experiences in virtuality, towards the achievement of formative-professional learning objectives in psychology students who are sensitive to replication in different higher education careers.

Resumen La educación superior durante la pandemia asumió el reto de adaptar sus contenidos formativos al entorno virtual con consecuente logro de aprendizajes efectivos; en este contexto, se planteó evaluar la percepción de aprendizajes en una asignatura, de intervención psicológica, investigación formativa y responsabilidad social en una muestra no probabilística de 277 estudiantes de psicología de 19 a 48 años, mediante el método mixto y el diseño no experimental, con la Escala de Aprendizajes Percibidos en la Experiencia Curricular Programas de Intervención en Psicología y tres preguntas abiertas. Los resultados reflejan una valoración alta de la estructura del curso y del rol docente al 67.4% y 70.8%; mayor percepción de aprendizajes en estudiantes de universidad privada (U= 9414.000 y p=0.001); ninguna distinción según sexo, edad u ocupación y el análisis cualitativo reconoce el reforzamiento de la creatividad, la adquisición de liderazgo y competencias teórico-prácticas, sumado a una experiencia personal satisfactoria. Estos hallazgos revaloran las experiencias curriculares en la virtualidad, hacia la consecución de objetivos de aprendizaje formativo - profesional en estudiantes de psicología sensible de réplica en diferentes carreras de educación superior.

Abstract Introduction: Most medical students consider neuroanatomy to be a challenging subject, often lacking practical applications due to its extensive and monotonous presentation. Furthermore, over the past few decades, there has been a reduction in the time allocated to the theoretical presentation of neuroanatomy. Recently, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a growing disconnect between teachers and students, exacerbating the challenges in teaching this discipline. Objective: This study aimed to conduct an integrative literature review to explore strategies for enhancing the teaching of neuroanatomy in medical undergraduate programs. Method: To achieve this objective, we conducted an integrative search of articles published on teaching and learning strategies in neuroanatomy for medical students. We utilized three databases: PubMed, SciELO, and BVS, employing the following keywords and the boolean operator “AND” in both Portuguese and English: “ensino,” “aprendizagem,” “neuroanatomia,” “estudantes de medicina,” and “learning,” “teaching,” “neuroanatomy,” and “medical students.” Result: The literature review revealed a growing exploration of new approaches to teaching and learning in neuroanatomy, with a focus on the utilization of technologies such as virtual reality, computer-assisted neuroanatomy courses, anatomical clay models, and the application of clinical case studies. Conclusion: In recent years, there has been a noticeable emergence of new teaching and learning strategies in the academic environment, aimed at enhancing students’ knowledge and experience, particularly in the field of neuroanatomy. Introduction subject Furthermore decades Recently COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic discipline Objective programs Method objective databases PubMed SciELO BVS AND “AND English ensino, ensino “ensino, aprendizagem, aprendizagem “aprendizagem, neuroanatomia, neuroanatomia “neuroanatomia, estudantes medicina, medicina learning, “learning, teaching, “teaching, “neuroanatomy, Result reality computerassisted computer assisted courses models studies Conclusion years environment experience COVID1 1 COVID- “ensino “aprendizagem “neuroanatomia “learning “teaching “neuroanatomy

Resumo Introdução: Uma significativa parcela dos estudantes de Medicina considera a neuroanatomia um conteúdo de difícil compreensão, muitas vezes desprovido de aplicações práticas devido à sua extensa e monótona apresentação. Além disso, ao longo das últimas décadas, houve uma redução no tempo dedicado à apresentação teórica da neuroanatomia. Corroborando tal afirmativa, durante a pandemia de Covid-19, observou-se um distanciamento crescente entre professores e alunos, o que, por sua vez, agravou ainda mais os desafios no ensino da disciplina. Objetivo: Este estudo possui como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura no intuito de explorar estratégias para aperfeiçoamento do ensino da neuroanatomia no curso superior de Medicina. Método: Para atingir esse objetivo, os subscritores efetivaram uma pesquisa integrativa de artigos publicados sobre estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem de neuroanatomia para estudantes de Medicina no período entre 1º de janeiro de 2000 e 26 de maio de 2023. Para obtenção de tais dados, os autores utilizaram três bases de dados - PubMed, SciELO e BVS -, empregando os seguintes descritores e o operador booleano “AND” em ambos os idiomas (português e inglês): “ensino”, “aprendizagem”, “neuroanatomia”, “estudantes de medicina”, “learning”, “teaching”, “neuroanatomy” e “medical students”. Resultado: A revisão da literatura revelou uma crescente exploração de novas abordagens de ensino e aprendizado em neuroanatomia, destacando-se o uso de tecnologias como realidade virtual, cursos de neuroanatomia assistidos por computadores, modelos anatômicos de argila e a aplicação de estudos de casos clínicos. Conclusão: Nota-se nos últimos anos um notável surgimento de novas estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem no cenário acadêmico, que, por sua vez, visam aprimorar o conhecimento e a experiência dos alunos nos mais variados campos, inclusive na neuroanatomia. Introdução compreensão disso décadas afirmativa Covid19, Covid19 Covid 19, 19 Covid-19 observouse observou se que vez disciplina Objetivo Método ensinoaprendizagem aprendizagem º 200 2 2023 PubMed , AND “AND português inglês inglês) ensino, “ensino” aprendizagem, “aprendizagem” “neuroanatomia” medicina, medicina medicina” learning, learning “learning” teaching, teaching “teaching” neuroanatomy “neuroanatomy medical students. students . students” Resultado destacandose destacando virtual computadores clínicos Conclusão Notase Nota acadêmico campos Covid1 1 Covid-1 20 202 “ensino “aprendizagem “neuroanatomia “learning “teaching Covid-