Resumen Introducción: La trombofilia es un grupo de desórdenes sanguíneos, adquiridos o hereditarios, caracterizado por una predisposición a la formación de trombos venosos o arteriales. En la práctica clínica, hay variabilidad en los criterios de selección de pacientes a estudiar y en las pruebas de laboratorio a solicitar para trombofilia en trombosis arterial. Objetivo: Describir los criterios de médicos especialistas colombianos para la evaluación de trombofilias en pacientes adultos con trombosis arterial y determinar la variabilidad de estos. Métodos: Entre septiembre 2021 y enero 2022, mediante encuesta virtual a médicos especialistas en Colombia al cuidado de pacientes con trombosis arterial, se indagó sobre los criterios de selección de pacientes a estudiar y estudios a solicitar para trombofilias en casos de trombosis arterial. Los médicos encuestados fueron seleccionados por conveniencia, fueron contactados personalmente o vía correo electrónico. Resultados: 102 encuestas, se observaron 44 patrones de criterios de selección para estudio de trombofilias en casos de trombosis arterial (índice de variabilidad de 42,57 %). Los dos patrones más frecuentes incluían la historia familiar, la trombosis arterial recurrente, edad <50 años y la presencia de compromiso venoso. La variabilidad en las pruebas de laboratorio fue del 85,15 %. Los estudios más frecuentemente solicitados (>50 %) para el estudio de trombofilias en pacientes con trombosis arterial fueron anticuerpos anticardiolipinas (95,1 %), anticoagulante lúpico (95,1 %). Conclusión: Existe variabilidad entre médicos especialistas colombianos al cuidado de pacientes adultos con trombosis arterial en los criterios de selección y pruebas de laboratorio a solicitar para el estudio de trombofilias

Abstract Introduction: Thrombophilia are a group of blood disorders, acquired or hereditary, characterized by a predisposition to the formation of venous or arterial thrombi. In clinical practice, variability exists in the criteria for the selection of patients to study or the laboratory work up for thrombophilia in arterial thrombosis. Objective: Describe and determine the variability in Colombian medical specialists in the criteria for the evaluation of thrombophilias in adult patients with arterial thrombosis. Methods: Between September 2021 and January 2022, through an on-line survey to medical specialists in Colombia, caring for patients with arterial thrombosis, criteria for patient selection and laboratory work up for the study of thrombophilia in arterial thrombosis were surveyed. The physicians surveyed were selected by convenience and were contacted in person or via email. Results: In 102 surveys, 48 % neurologists, 44 patterns for patient selection criteria for the study of thrombophilias in arterial thrombosis were observed (42,57 % variability index). The two more common patterns included family history, recurrent arterial thrombosis, age <50 years and venous thrombosis. Variability for the laboratory work up was 85,15 %. The more frequent labs ordered (>50 %) for the study of thrombophilia in arterial thrombosis patients were anticardiolipin antibodies (95,1 %), lupus anticoagulant (95,1 %). Conclusion: Among Colombian medical specialists caring for adult patients with arterial thrombosis there is variability for the selection criteria and laboratory work up for the study of thrombophilias.

RESUMEN Desde la pandemia de COVID-19 se ha impulsado una transición acelerada en el aprendizaje autodirigido en la educación virtual, destacando la necesidad de herramientas educativas prácticas y asequibles. Este estudio aborda la remanufacturación de un agitador recíproco antiguo utilizando un sistema de control PID basado en el método de Ziegler-Nichols y tecnología Arduino. El equipo fue evaluado bajo diversas condiciones de carga y velocidad, logrando un control preciso de la agitación con un error porcentual mínimo del 3%. Los resultados demuestran la efectividad del control PID para estabilizar la velocidad del motor dentro del rango de 150 a 250 RPM, con un tiempo promedio de estabilización de 2 segundos. Además, las mediciones eléctricas validaron la eficiencia del regulador de corriente alterna, mientras que la reutilización de componentes resalta la viabilidad de integrar prácticas de economía circular en la educación. Esta investigación ofrece una solución económica y ambientalmente sostenible para la fabricación de equipos de laboratorio, fomentando la innovación en la enseñanza de ciencias experimentales.

ABSTRACT Since the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an accelerated transition in self-directed learning within virtual education, highlighting the need for practical and affordable educational tools. This study addresses the remanufacturing of an old reciprocating shaker using a PID control system based on the Ziegler-Nichols method and Arduino technology. The¡ equipment was evaluated under various load and speed conditions, achieving precise agitation control with a minimum percentage error of 3%. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of PID control in stabilizing motor speed within the range of 150 to 250 RPM, with an average stabilization time of 2 seconds. Additionally, electrical measurements validated the efficiency of the alternating current regulator, while the reuse of components underscores the viability of integrating circular economy practices into education. This research offers an economically and environmentally sustainable solution for the manufacturing of laboratory equipment, fostering innovation in the teaching of experimental sciences.

RESUMEN La investigación propone un laboratorio virtual y las tareas docentes que relaciona la biomecánica con la actividad física y deportiva en la Universidad de Cienfuegos. El “Proyecto Hypathia” se propone transformar los procesos sustantivos de la Universidad de Cienfuegos en los campos en los que se integran las Ciencias-Tecnología-Ingeniería-Matemáticas, pero sesgados por una participación escasa, asistemática de las relaciones interdisciplinarias que abarcan las nuevas tecnologías e incursionan en los simuladores, la robótica manifestaciones del arte que se suman como propuesta creativa en los procesos de investigación, formación de profesionales y de extensión universitaria. Se propone un laboratorio virtual y las tareas docentes que relaciona la biomecánica con la actividad física y deportiva en la Universidad de Cienfuegos. Los resultados logrados en la investigación en gran medida fueron posibles por la implementación de diversos métodos y técnicas de investigación los cuales posibilitaron la fundamentación del tema y la valoración del diseño empleado. La implementación de tareas docentes con enfoque STEAM permitió evaluar el proceso y sus resultados desde la práctica educativa en los estudiantes de segundo año de la facultad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física y el deporte de Cienfuegos.

ABSTRACT The research proposes a virtual laboratory and teaching tasks that relate biomechanics with physical and sports activity at the University of Cienfuegos. The “Hypathia Project” aims to transform the substantive processes of the University of Cienfuegos in the fields in which Sciences-Technology-Engineering-Mathematics are integrated, but biased by a scarce, unsystematic participation in the interdisciplinary relationships that encompass new technologies. and they venture into simulators, robotics, art manifestations that add as a creative proposal to the research processes, training of professionals and university extension. A virtual laboratory and teaching tasks that relate biomechanics with physical and sports activity at the University of Cienfuegos are proposed. The results achieved in the research were largely possible due to the implementation of various research methods and techniques which made it possible to substantiate the topic and evaluate the design used. The implementation of teaching tasks with a STEAM approach allowed the evaluation of the process and its results from educational practice in the second-year students of the Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports Sciences of Cienfuegos.

RESUMEN La realidad virtual es prometedora como tecnología prospectiva para la educación química, ya que tiene la capacidad de satisfacer los requisitos simultáneos de las instituciones académicas y sector industrial. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la percepción de estudiantes universitarios sobre el uso de la realidad virtual (RV) en el aprendizaje de macromoléculas. El presente estudio se enmarcó en un nivel aprehensivo, alcance descriptivo y un diseño de campo. La estructura metodológica seguida consistió en tres aspectos, que comprendieron, el diseño de la actividad de laboratorio virtual para el reconocimiento de compuestos químicos, la realización de la actividad con los estudiantes, y la medición de la percepción a través de un cuestionario modelo de aceptación tecnológica. El núcleo de este laboratorio lo constituyeron seis dispositivos Meta Quest 2 Advanced All-in-One Virtual Reality Headset, cada uno equipado con 128 GB de capacidad. En la investigación participaron 42 estudiantes del primer semestre de Química. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, el 80%, del alumnado expresó con confianza su creencia de que la incorporación de la RV en sus actividades educativas arrojará resultados positivos en lo que respecta a la comprensión y el rendimiento en el ámbito de la Química. De igual manera, 91% por ciento de los encuestados aseguraron que les gustaría que se incorporarán más actividades de RV. Se concluye que, al integrar la tecnología de la RV en el entorno educativo, se espera que los estudiantes posean la capacidad de comprender principios complejos como enlaces, orbitales y estructuras químicas.

ABSTRACT Virtual reality is promising as a prospective technology for chemistry education, as it has the ability to satisfy the simultaneous requirements of academic institutions and industrial sector. The objective of the research was to determine the perception of university students about the use of virtual reality (VR) in learning macromolecules. The present study was framed at an apprehensive level, descriptive scope and a field design. The methodological structure followed consisted of three aspects, which included the design of the virtual laboratory activity for the recognition of chemical compounds, carrying out the activity with the students, and measuring perception through an acceptance model questionnaire. technological. The core of this laboratory was six Meta Quest 2 Advanced All-in-One Virtual Reality Headset devices, each equipped with 128 GB of capacity. 42 students from the first semester of Chemistry participated in the research. According to the results obtained, 80% of the students confidently expressed their belief that the incorporation of VR in their educational activities will yield positive results in terms of understanding and performance in the field of Chemistry. Likewise, 91% percent of those surveyed said they would like to see more VR activities incorporated. It is concluded that by integrating VR technology into the educational environment, students are expected to possess the ability to understand complex principles such as bonds, orbitals, and chemical structures.

RESUMEN Introducción: las complicaciones más graves de la diabetes mellitus son la cetoacidosis diabética y el estado hiperglucémico hiperosmolar, muchas veces se observan alteraciones clínicas y laboratoriales que abarcan los dos espectros y que denominamos estado mixto, representan cerca del 50% de las hospitalizaciones en el servicio de urgencias en pacientes diabéticos. Objetivo: determinar las complicaciones intrahospitalarias y los desenlaces de los estados hiperglucémicos en pacientes adultos internados en el Hospital Nacional, Itauguá, Paraguay, en el periodo 2015-2022. Metodología: se aplicó un diseño de cohortes retrospectivas. Se seleccionaron pacientes con diagnósticos de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y tipo 2, mayores de 18 años, de ambos sexos, agrupados en tres cohortes que corresponden a cada una de las descompensaciones agudas de la diabetes mellitus. La muestra estuvo conformada por 180 pacientes distribuidos en tres grupos de cohortes con 60 pacientes cada una. Resultados: 51% correspondió al sexo masculino. Se halló mayor desarrollo de eventos cardiovasculares, infecciones intrahospitalarias, requerimiento de cuidados intensivos y mortalidad en la cohorte con estado hiperosmolar. Conclusión: la cohorte con estado hiperosmolar hiperglucémico se caracterizó por la mayor cantidad de complicaciones.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The most serious complications of diabetes mellitus are diabetic ketoacidosis and the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. Clinical and laboratory alterations are often observed that cover both spectrums and which we call a mixed state. They represent close to 50% of hospitalizations in the service. of emergencies in diabetic patients. Objective: To determine in-hospital complications and outcomes of hyperglycemic states in adult patients admitted to the Hospital Nacional, Itauguá, Paraguay, in the period 2015-2022. Methodology: A retrospective cohort design was applied. Male and female patients with diagnoses of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were over 18 years of age, were selected and grouped into three cohorts that corresponded to each of the acute decompensations of diabetes mellitus. The sample was made up of 180 patients distributed into three cohort groups with 60 patients each. Results: Fifty one percent were male. A greater development of cardiovascular events, hospital-acquired infections, intensive care requirements and mortality were found in the cohort with hyperosmolar state. Conclusion: the cohort with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state was characterized by the highest number of complications.

RESUMEN Introducción: Acinetobacter baumannii se asocia a una alta morbimortalidad, una mayor estancia hospitalaria y, por lo tanto, un gran impacto sanitario. Objetivos: comparar la respuesta clínica y la supervivencia empleando como tratamiento antibiótico colistina endovenosa frente a colistina combinada con altas dosis de ampicilina/sulbactam ante infecciones por A. baumannii multirresistente en las salas de cuidados intensivos de adultos del Hospital Nacional (Itauguá, Paraguay) Materiales y métodos: se aplicó un diseño de cohortes retrospectivas donde se analizó la respuesta clínica y laboratorial, la supervivencia a los 14 días y la tasa de mortalidad en pacientes tratados con colistina 5 mg/kg/día como monoterapia frente a terapia combinada de colistina 5 mg/kg/día más ampicilina/sulbactam 9 gramos cuatro veces al día. Las variables se obtuvieron de los expedientes clínicos de pacientes ≥18 años infectados con A. baumannii multirresistente. Resultados: se incluyeron 163 pacientes, con edad media de 50 ± 17 años, siendo el 61,96% de sexo masculino. El 69,33% presentó neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica, el 21,47% bacteriemia, el 5,52% ventriculitis y el 3,68% infección relacionada a vía venosa central. Una cohorte de 88 pacientes recibió monoterapia con colistina endovenosa y otra de 75 pacientes la terapia combinada de colistina endovenosa más dosis altas de ampicilina/sulbactam. No se encontró diferencias en la puntuación de APACHE II entre ambas cohortes. La cohorte con tratamiento combinado demostró superioridad estadísticamente significativa al presentar mejoría clínica y laboratorial a las 72 hs, menor necesidad de vasopresores, mejor sobrevida a los 14 días y menor nefrotoxicidad. La tasa de mortalidad global fue del 45,40%. Conclusión: la terapia combinada de colistina endovenosa con dosis altas de ampicilina/sulbactam en infusión prolongada se encontró relacionada a mejoría clínica temprana, menor tiempo de requerimiento de vasopresores y asistencia respiratoria mecánica, mayor supervivencia a los 14 días y menor nefrotoxicidad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii is associated with high morbidity and mortality, longer hospital stays, and, therefore, a great health impact. Objectives: To compare the clinical response and survival using intravenous colistin as antibiotic treatment versus colistin combined with high doses of ampicillin/sulbactam in multidrug-resistant A. baumannii infections in the adult intensive care units of the National Hospital (Itauguá, Paraguay). Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort design was applied to analyze the clinical and laboratory response, 14-day survival, and mortality rate in patients treated with colistin five mg/kg/day as monotherapy versus combined colistin therapy five mg/kg/day plus ampicillin/sulbactam 9 grams four times a day. The variables were obtained from the clinical records of patients ≥18 years old infected with multidrug-resistant A. baumannii. Results: One hundred sixty-three patients were included, with a mean age of 50 ± 17 years, 61.96% male. Pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation was present in 69.33%, bacteremia in 21.47%, ventriculitis in 5.52% and infections related to the central venous line in 3.68%. A cohort of 88 patients received monotherapy with intravenous colistin and another of 75 patients received combined therapy with intravenous colistin plus high doses of ampicillin/sulbactam. No differences were found in the APACHE II score between both cohorts. The cohort with combined treatment demonstrated statistically significant superiority by presenting clinical and laboratory improvement at 72 hours, less need for vasopressors, better survival at 14 days, and less nephrotoxicity. The overall mortality rate was 45.40%. Conclusion: The combined therapy of intravenous colistin with high doses of ampicillin/sulbactam in prolonged infusion was related to early clinical improvement, shorter time requiring vasopressors and mechanical ventilation, greater survival at 14 days, and less nephrotoxicity.

RESUMEN La mononucleosis infecciosa es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa causada por el virus de Epstein-Barr, que afecta principalmente a personas jóvenes, se caracteriza por presencia de fiebre, faringitis y linfadenopatía, generalmente autolimitada, de 1-2 semanas de evolución. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 22 años con historia de 1 mes de evolución de fiebre y cefalea al que posteriormente se añade odinofagia, adenopatía cervical posterior y exantema generalizado. En analítica laboratorial se constata leucocitosis con neutrofilia. Entre sus estudios complementarios retorna IgM para virus de Epstein-Barr positivo.

ABSTRACT Infectious mononucleosis is an infectious disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, which mainly affects young people. It is characterized by the presence of fever, pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy, generally self-limited, lasting 1-2 weeks. The case of a 22-year-old male patient with a 1-month history of fever and headache is presented to which odynophagia, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, and generalized rash are later added. Laboratory analysis revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia. Among his complementary studies, IgM for Epstein-Barr virus was positive.

RESUMEN Introducción: las enzimas y marcadores del perfil hepático permiten evaluar la funcionalidad y condición del hígado. Sus elevaciones pueden ser silentes y con cierta prevalencia en muchos adultos. Objetivo: determinar las principales alteraciones en el hepatograma en pacientes que acuden a consulta médica de rutina. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal realizado a partir de resultados de laboratorio de historias clínicas de 364 pacientes de todas las edades y ambos sexos pertenecientes a un policlínico del distrito de Villa el Salvador, Perú desde enero de 2021 a julio de 2022. Las variables fueron: edad, sexo, valores de transaminasa glutámico pirúvica (TGP), transaminasa glutámico oxalacética (TGO), bilirrubina directa, indirecta y total, albúmina, globulinas y fosfatasa alcalina (FA). Resultados: en el promedio total de la muestra, la TGP fue alta (51,05 U/L), así como la bilirrubina total (1,50 mg/dL) y la FA (135,84 U/L). La TGP fue alta en hombres (54,92 U/L) y mujeres (48,86 U/L). La TGO fue normal en mujeres y alta en hombres (48,24 U/L). La bilirrubina indirecta fue alta en hombres (1,33 mg/dL). La FA fue más alta en ambos sexos (143,28 U/L en hombres y 126,38 en mujeres). Según grupo etario, los valores de TGO fueron más altos en el grupo de edad igual o mayor a 40 años (49,99 U/L). Los valores de TGP fueron elevados en ambos sexos (55,96 U/L en hombres y 50,90 U/L en mujeres), así como en la bilirrubina total, la que fue más alta en el grupo de edad igual o mayor a 40 años (2,03 mg/dL). La bilirrubina indirecta, albúmina y FA fueron normales en el grupo de edad igual o menor de 39 años, pero fueron elevadas en el grupo de edad igual o mayor a 40 años (1,13 mg/dL, 5,77 gr/dL y 147,95 U/L, respectivamente). Conclusiones: existen alteraciones en el perfil hepático en pacientes asintomáticos en la muestra estudiada. A pesar de no ser elevaciones significativamente grandes, se recomienda identificar y tratar las posibles causas que pudieran desencadenar dichas elevaciones, así como la realización de más estudios similares a nivel nacional para caracterizar el perfil hepático de nuestra población.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The enzymes and markers of the liver profile allow us to evaluate the functionality and condition of the liver. Their elevations may be silent and have a certain prevalence in many adults. Objective: To determine the main alterations in the hepatogram in patients who attend routine medical consultation. Methodology: Descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study carried out based on laboratory results from medical records of 364 female and male patients of all ages attending a polyclinic in the district of Villa El Salvador, Peru from January 2021 to July 2022. The variables were: age, sex, values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), direct, indirect and total bilirubin, albumin, globulins and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Results: In the total average of the sample, ALT was high (51.05 U/L), as well as total bilirubin (1.50 mg/dL) and ALP (135.84 U/L). ALT was high in men (54.92 U/L) and women (48.86 U/L) while AST was normal in women and high in men (48.24 U/L). Indirect bilirubin was high in men (1.33 mg/dL) and ALP was higher in both sexes (143.28 U/L in men and 126.38 in women). According to age group, AST values were highest in the age group equal to or greater than 40 years (49.99 U/L). ALT values were high in both sexes (55.96 U/L in men and 50.90 U/L in women), as well as total bilirubin, which was highest in the age group equal to or greater than 40 years (2.03 mg/dL). Indirect bilirubin, albumin and ALP were normal in the age group equal to or less than 39 years, but were elevated in the age group equal to or greater than 40 years (1.13 mg/dL, 5.77 gr/dL and 147.95 U/L, respectively). Conclusions: There are alterations in the liver profile of asymptomatic patients in the sample studied. Although they are not significantly large elevations, it is recommended to identify and treat the possible causes that could trigger these elevations, as well as carrying out more similar studies at a national level to characterize the liver profile of our population.

The use of computer simulations that represent real experiments in medical physics is an alternative to reduce costs and provide a greater variety of experiments involving ionizing radiation. The virtual laboratory allows the exploration of a range of concepts in a similar manner to experimental approaches, enabling the utilization of a multitude of sources, materials, and detectors without incurring additional costs. Furthermore, computer simulations allow the exploration of aspects that are unattainable with real experiments. This article describes the implementation of a Virtual Medical Physics Laboratory that, through intuitive graphical interfaces, guided scripts, and historical context, explores widely used experiments in the areas of nuclear medicine, radiodiagnostics, and radiotherapy. As an example, we present the experiment on radiation attenuation (X-rays and gamma rays) with matter. The experiments were implemented using the Python programming language. The graphical interface was developed using the Streamlit framework. The use of the Virtual Medical Physics Laboratory has proven to be an alternative tool for bridging the gap between practical and theoretical teaching. approaches sources materials Furthermore interfaces scripts context medicine radiodiagnostics radiotherapy example Xrays X rays matter language framework teaching

O uso de simulações computacionais que representam experimentos reais de física médica é uma alternativa para diminuir custos e proporcionar uma maior variedade de experimentos que utilizam radiações ionizantes. O laboratório virtual permite explorar uma série de conceitos de maneira semelhante aos abordados experimentalmente, possibilitando utilizar uma infinidade de fontes, materiais e detectores sem agregar custos. Além disso, as simulações computacionais permitem explorar aspectos inatingíveis com os experimentos reais. Este artigo descreve a implementação de um Laboratório Virtual de Física Médica que, através de interfaces gráficas intuitivas, roteiros guiados e contextualização histórica explora experimentos de física médica amplamente utilizados nas áreas da medicina nuclear, radiodiagnóstico e radioterapia. Como exemplo, apresentamos o experimento de atenuação da radiação (raios X e gama) com a matéria. Os experimentos foram implementados através da linguagem de programação Python. A interface gráfica foi desenvolvida através do framework Streamlit. O uso do Laboratório Virtual de Física Médica tem se mostrado uma ferramenta alternativa para alinhar o ensino prático ao teórico. ionizantes experimentalmente fontes disso intuitivas nuclear radioterapia exemplo raios gama matéria Python Streamlit teórico

This account describes the analysis of the Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LASSBio) chemical library as a valuable resource for early drug discovery studies. LASSBio has been using medicinal chemistry strategies for almost 30 years to design new prototype compounds with a focus on pharmacological activity. The LASSBio Chemical Library (LCL) is a collection of more than 2000 compounds, and the aim of this work was to characterize its chemical diversity and to perform a molecular repositioning study to identify ligands of feline McDonough sarcoma (FMS)-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), a validated target for leukemia treatment. To achieve this, cheminformatic tools were utilized to analyze the chemical diversity of the LCL. The analysis allowed the identification of the most representative compounds of this collection, showing that the N-acylhydrazone chemotype is present in approximately 50% of the compounds. Furthermore, the compounds in this chemical library demonstrated remarkable compliance with both the Lipinski’s (93% of the compounds) and Veber’s (96% of the compounds) rules. In the study on molecular repositioning, 10 compounds were selected through virtual screening to test their enzymatic inhibition of FLT3 kinase. Among them, 4-((6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4-yl)amino) benzamide (LASSBio-2166) (31) showed a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 194 nM. Optimization of the identified hit and further studies to compare the diversity of the LCL with other libraries are perspectives of this work. (LASSBio activity (LCL 200 FMSlike FMS like FLT3, FLT , (FLT3) treatment Nacylhydrazone N acylhydrazone 50 Furthermore Lipinskis Lipinski s 93% 93 (93 Vebers Veber 96% 96 (96 rules 1 them 46,7dimethoxyquinazolin4ylamino 467dimethoxyquinazolin4ylamino dimethoxyquinazolinylamino 4 6,7 dimethoxyquinazolin yl amino 6 7 4-((6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4-yl)amino LASSBio2166 2166 (LASSBio-2166 31 (31 halfmaximal half maximal IC50 IC (IC50 19 nM 20 (FLT3 5 9 (9 46 7dimethoxyquinazolin4ylamino ylamino 67 6, LASSBio216 216 (LASSBio-216 (3 IC5 (IC5 2 (FLT ( LASSBio21 21 (LASSBio-21 (IC LASSBio2 (LASSBio-2 (LASSBio-

Resumo Este artigo descreve uma estratégia inovadora do estudo da gramática, em aulas de Língua Portuguesa, em uma escola pública brasileira. Tal estratégia foi mediada por materiais didáticos produzidos colaborativamente por representantes de escola básica e de universidade, orientados pela abordagem investigativa e pedagógica da educação científica, desenvolvida no campo indisciplinar da Linguística Aplicada. Trata-se de uma investigação interventiva caracterizada como uma pesquisa baseada em design , pois se assume o esforço colaborativo para o aprimoramento da prática de ensino e para o fortalecimento de teorias de referência. É uma pesquisa financiada pelo governo federal do Brasil, dentro do Programa Ciência na Escola (PCE). A análise comparativa de respostas compartilhadas por estudante, em entrevistas orais realizadas por suas professoras, antes e depois da intervenção pedagógica, revelou uma expressiva ressignificação de representações discentes sobre aulas de língua materna, gramática, pesquisa e ciência. Isso resultou na superação de compreensões pelos estudantes, as quais foram compartilhadas previamente de forma ampla e equivocada. gramática Portuguesa brasileira universidade científica Aplicada Tratase Trata referência Brasil PCE. PCE . (PCE) estudante professoras materna ciência estudantes equivocada (PCE

Abstract This article describes an innovative strategy for studying grammar in Portuguese language classes in a Brazilian public school. This strategy was mediated by didactic materials collaboratively produced by representatives of elementary schools and universities, guided by the investigative and pedagogical approach of scientific education, developed in the interdisciplinary field of Applied Linguistics. This is an interventional investigation characterized as research based on design, as it assumes a collaborative effort to improve teaching practice and to strengthen reference theories. This is research funded by the federal government of Brazil, within the Science at School Program (SSP). The comparative analysis of answers shared by students, in oral interviews carried out by their teachers, before and after the pedagogical intervention, revealed a significant redefinition of student representations about mother language classes, grammar, research and science. This resulted in students overcoming understandings that were previously shared widely and mistakenly. school universities education Linguistics design theories Brazil SSP. SSP . (SSP) teachers intervention science mistakenly (SSP

Desenvolvemos e apresentamos um aplicativo para ser integrado a páginas da internet denominado Graxaim – Laboratório Virtual de Termodinâmica, ou Graxaim/LVT. Através de arquivos de configuração, o aplicativo pode ser usado para propor diferentes situações-problema experimentais virtuais, com diferentes subsistemas e equipamentos de medidas, equivalentes a diferentes kits experimentais. Apresentamos o algoritmo baseado no princípio de máxima entropia que desenvolvemos para as interações térmicas e mecânicas utilizadas pelo aplicativo para simular uma grande variedade de processos termodinâmicos reversíveis e irreversíveis. O aplicativo possui sete configurações pré-instaladas. Utilizamos uma delas para mostrar como o encadeamento de processos termodinâmicos, obtidos pela modificação de arranjos experimentais, pode ser usada para simular um Ciclo de Carnot. Mostramos como dificuldades técnicas do simulador podem ser resolvidas através de processos irreversíveis que degradam a eficiência da máquina térmica e argumentamos que essa discussão pode ser utilizada para fazer analogias com dificuldades técnicas de máquinas reais. Os resultados dos estados de equilíbrio obtidos na simulação foram comparados com os resultados teóricos esperados e os desvios relativos médios mostraram-se menores que 0,1%. Termodinâmica GraxaimLVT LVT Graxaim/LVT configuração situaçõesproblema situações problema virtuais medidas préinstaladas. préinstaladas pré instaladas. instaladas pré-instaladas Carnot reais mostraramse mostraram se 01 0 1 0,1% 0,1 0,

We developed and present an application to be integrated into web pages named Graxaim – Virtual Thermodynamics Laboratory, or Graxaim/LVT. Through configuration files, the application can be used to propose different virtual experimental problem situations, with different subsystems and measurement equipment, equivalent to different experimental kits. We present the algorithm based on the maximum entropy principle that we developed for the thermal and mechanical interactions used by the application to simulate a wide variety of reversible and irreversible thermodynamic processes. The application has seven pre-installed configurations. We used one of them to show how the chaining of thermodynamic processes, obtained by modifying experimental arrangements, can be used to simulate a Carnot Cycle. We show how technical difficulties of the simulator can be resolved through irreversible processes that degrade the efficiency of the heat engine and argue that this discussion can be used to make analogies with technical difficulties of real machines. The results of the equilibrium states obtained in the simulation were compared with the expected theoretical results and the average relative deviations were found to be less than 0.1%. Laboratory GraxaimLVT LVT Graxaim/LVT files situations equipment kits preinstalled pre installed configurations arrangements Cycle machines 01 0 1 0.1% 0.1 0.

RESUMEN Con énfasis en las problemáticas que enfrentó el sector educativo, en este artículo se muestran las principales herramientas tecnológicas utilizadas por los docentes para la enseñanza remota en un programa educativo de ingeniería durante el primer año de la pandemia del COVID-19. A través de un caso de estudio en una universidad latinoamericana posicionada en el QS World University Ranking, se describen las herramientas que se utilizaron con mayor frecuencia para la comunicación, el almacenamiento de información, la mensajería y el envío de materiales de aprendizaje y videos. Este estudio examina las áreas de conocimiento de la ingeniería, considerando que el aprendizaje de estas representa un reto para la enseñanza en entornos virtuales debido a la necesidad de realizar prácticas de laboratorio. Utilizando métodos estadísticos, se describen las relaciones entre las áreas del programa educativo, las variables sociodemográficas del docente y las herramientas tecnológicas utilizadas para dar clases en línea durante el confinamiento. Los resultados muestran que, desde la perspectiva del docente y para el campo de la ingeniería, las herramientas con el efecto más significativo y que incluso resultan esenciales para la enseñanza en pandemia fueron aquellas relacionadas con las plataformas de Google, siendo utilizadas en un 75 % de los casos para la comunicación y el almacenamiento. Entretanto, con 44 y 56 %, WhatsApp y Moodle fueron las de mayor uso para enviar mensajes y compartir contenido y materiales de aprendizaje.

ABSTRACT With a focus on the problems faced by the education sector, this article shows the main technological tools used by teachers for remote teaching in an engineering education program during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a case study in a Latin American university positioned in the QS World University Ranking, the tools most frequently used for communication, storing information, messaging, and sharing learning videos are described. This study examines engineering's areas of knowledge, considering that learning them poses a challenge for teaching in virtual environments due to the need to carry out laboratory practices. Using statistical methods, the relationships between the areas of the education program, the teachers' sociodemographic variables, and the technological tools used to offer online classes during the lockdown are described. The results show that, from the perspective of the teacher and for the field of engineering, the tools with the most significant effect, in sometimes essential for teaching during the pandemic, were those related to the Google platforms, which were used in 75% of the cases for video communication and storage. Meanwhile, with 44 and 56% WhatsApp and Moodle, were the most used for messaging and sharing contents and learning materials.

RESUMEN Este trabajo aborda el tema de la enseñanza en los laboratorios de una rama específica de la ingeniería, la Hidráulica, pero empleando la modelación numérica con salida visual, proponiéndose como una alternativa más, para la enseñanza. Para el desarrollo se ha empleado el comportamiento hidráulico en una reducción gradual de diámetros, mostrando las posibles salidas de los programas que simulan procesos de la Dinámica de los Fluidos Computacional (Computational Fluids Dynamics, CFD). Aunque son modelos de compleja construcción, si el profesor prepara los elementos constitutivos de la simulación, junto con una guía para su ejecución, los estudiantes llegan a soluciones numéricas y visuales que son imposibles de obtener en otro tipo de laboratorio.

ABSTRACT This work addresses the issue of teaching in laboratories of a specific branch of engineering, Hydraulics, but using numerical modeling with visual output, proposing itself as another alternative for teaching. For the development, hydraulic behavior has been used in a gradual reduction of diameters, showing the possible outputs of the programs that simulate Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD) processes. Although they are models of complex construction, if the teacher prepares the constituent elements of the simulation, along with a guide for its execution, students reach numerical and visual solutions that are impossible to obtain in another type of laboratory.

Abstract The objective of this article is to demonstrate the relationship that exists between the use of the PhET virtual laboratory and the development of the competence inquires in the Science and Technology Area in 4th grade students of a secondary school in the city of Cusco. Regarding the methodology, the study is part of the quantitative approach and quasi-experimental level experimental design. The instrument that has been used is a validated checklist of 16 items that collected data from 10 virtual sessions where the PhET virtual laboratory was used. The sample was made up of 60 students for the experimental group and 60 for the control group: all male and belonging to the fourth grade of secondary school. The most important conclusion says that the- re is a significant relationship between the use of the PhET virtual simulator and the development of the inquiring competence of the Science and Technology Area of the students in the sample. Which means that, the greater the use of virtual laboratories, in comparison with the traditional ones, the greater the possibilities of developing the inquiring competence in a better way.

Resumen El objetivo del presente artículo es demostrar la relación que existe entre el uso del laboratorio virtual PhET y el desarrollo de la competencia indaga del Área de Ciencia y Tecnología en los estudiantes del cuarto grado de una escuela secundaria de la ciudad de Cusco. En cuanto a la metodología, el estudio se inscribe en el enfoque cuantitativo con diseño experimental de nivel cuasi-experimental. El instrumento que se ha utilizado es una Lista de Cotejo validada de 16 ítems que recogió datos de 10 sesiones virtuales donde se utilizó el laboratorio virtual PHET. La muestra la conformaron 60 estudiantes para el grupo experimental y 60 para el de control: todos varones pertenecientes al cuarto grado de secundaria. La conclusión más importante dice que existe una relación significativa entre el uso del simulador virtual PHET y el desarrollo de la competencia indaga del Área de Ciencia y Tecnología de los estudiantes de la muestra. Lo que significa que, a mayor uso de laboratorios virtuales, en comparación con los tradicionales, mayores serán las posibilidades de desarrollar de mejor manera la competencia indaga.