Abstract Columns are important structural elements in a building and can be reinforced to increase their capacity. Reinforcement by bonding Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) is attractive because it is easy to apply and does not modify the section. This material has been used in columns for its confinement effect. However, the confinement of columns in non-circular sections is not as efficient as in circular ones. Non-circular geometries behave differently because part of the concrete is not confined. This research aims to study the behavior of rectangular concrete columns reinforced with carbon fiber mats. The aim is to evaluate the performance of rectangular columns with a section side ratio of 2 and to determine the efficiency of the reinforcement. Two groups of columns were tested, one without reinforcement and the other reinforced with a layer of mat. Numerical models were designed with the Finite Element Method (FEM) using Abaqus. The numerical model made it possible to analyze the distribution of stresses in the pillars. Experimental results of maximum force were compared with analytical predictions. The results obtained indicate the efficiency of the reinforcement by improving ductility and increasing load capacity by 30%. FRP (FRP effect However noncircular non ones Noncircular Non confined mats tested mat FEM (FEM Abaqus pillars predictions 30 30% 3

Resumo Pilares são elementos estruturais de grande importância numa edificação e que durante sua vida útil podem ser submetidos a um processo de reforço para aumento da sua capacidade. O reforço com Polímeros Reforçados com Fibras (PRF) é atraente pela facilidade de aplicação e não modificação da seção. O material vem sendo utilizado em pilares pelo efeito de confinamento. Entretanto, em pilares com seções não circulares, o efeito do confinamento não é eficiente como em circulares. Em geometrias de seções não circulares, parte do concreto não fica devidamente confinado. A pesquisa busca estudar o comportamento do reforço de pilares de concreto retangulares pelo confinamento com manta de fibras de carbono. O objetivo é avaliar o desempenho e a eficiência do reforço em pilares retangulares não armados, com altura de 800 mm e relação entre os lados igual a 2. Foram ensaiados dois grupos de pilares, um sem reforço e outro reforçado. Foram idealizados modelos numéricos com o Método dos Elementos Finitos utilizando-se o Abaqus. O modelo numérico permitiu analisar a distribuição das tensões nos pilares. Os resultados experimentais de força máxima foram comparados com previsões analíticas. Os resultados obtidos indicam eficiência do reforço por meio de melhoria na ductilidade e aumento da capacidade de carga em 30%. PRF (PRF seção Entretanto circulares confinado carbono armados 80 2 reforçado utilizandose utilizando se Abaqus analíticas 30 30% 8 3

Resumen. Muchos metazoos contienen moléculas capaces de fluorescencia, absorción y reemisión de luz. Dado que la distribución anatómica, o el patrón, de estas moléculas es variable entre taxones, los patrones de fluorescencia pueden servir como una poderosa herramienta diagnóstica en taxonomía y ecología. Sin embargo, los patrones de fluorescencia específicos de especie entre invertebrados marinos están poco comprendidos. Aquí, mostramos que los hidrozoos tienen diversos patrones de fluorescencia, que pueden ser el resultado de moléculas producidas intrínsecamente u obtenidas de fuentes dietéticas. Estudiamos hidrozoos, incluidos sifonóforos, hidromedusas e hidroides, en 5 órdenes de ambientes marinos pelágicos y bentónicos en Bocas del Toro, Panamá. Nuestros hallazgos muestran que los patrones de fluorescencia son muy prevalentes y pueden variar entre especies de hidrozoos y a lo largo del desarrollo. La mayoría de los taxa de hidrozoos examinados exhibieron alguna forma de fluorescencia, con variación observada entre las etapas de vida y las partes del cuerpo. Se documentó fluorescencia en el 88% de las hidromedusas (Leptothecata, Anthoathecata, Limnomedusae y Narcomedusae), el 50% de los hidroides y el 75% de los sifonóforos que se observaron en este estudio. Nuestros resultados ilustran cómo los patrones de fluorescencia pueden servir como una herramienta diagnóstica útil para explorar la biodiversidad marina, resaltando la necesidad de una mayor documentación de los patrones de fluorescencia en la diversidad marina y de investigar las moléculas que subyacen a este fenómeno.

Abstract. Many metazoans contain molecules capable of fluorescence, which is the absorption and re-emission of light. As the anatomical distribution, or patterning, of these molecules varies across taxa, fluorescence patterns may serve as a powerful diagnostic tool in taxonomy and ecology. However, species-specific fluorescence patterns in marine invertebrates are poorly understood. Here, we show that hydrozoans exhibit diverse fluorescence patterns, which may result from molecules that are produced intrinsically or obtained from dietary sources. We surveyed 5 orders of hydrozoans, including siphonophores, hydromedusae, and hydroids, from pelagic and benthic marine environments in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Our findings show that fluorescence patterns are highly prevalent and may vary across hydrozoan species throughout development. Most hydrozoan taxa exhibited some form of fluorescence, with variation observed among life stages and body parts. Fluorescence was documented in 88% of hydromedusae (Leptothecata, Anthoathecata, Limnomedusae, and Narcomedusae), 50% of hydroids, and 75% of siphonophores. Our results illustrate how fluorescence patterns can serve as a useful diagnostic tool to explore marine biodiversity, highlighting the need for further documentation of fluorescence patterns across marine taxa and research into the molecules that underlie this phenomenon.

Abstract: The integration of electric mobility is real nowadays. Government policies increasingly focus on encouraging the use of electric vehicles (EVs); particularly, replacing conventional public mobility with electric buses. An adequate energy management of electric bus systems must optimize resource usage, and extend the lifespan of transport units and charging stations, while providing quality service to users. The performance of the EV transport system depends on various deterministic and stochastic variables that need to be accurately simulated to analyze its behavior as closely as possible to real conditions. In this study, a model for the energy analysis of EVs has been implemented, by using the software SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) and applying it to public transport routes in Quito, Ecuador. Through the executed simulations, energy consumption has been estimated and, a sensitivity analysis of the energy consumption of electric bus units to the variations in relevant parameters in the energy management of public transport systems, has been carried out. The impact of certain parameters on energy consumption has been verified, by indicating a significant decrease in the autonomy of EVs on the simulated route under very similar to reality operating conditions. For study case, autonomy reduction of electric bus is around 27% in comparison with manufacturer's specifications. The analysis of energy performance under various traffic scenarios will allow future optimizations of the electric public transport system operation, since traffic levels, variable traffic flow, and pronounced changes in terrain elevation, are considered.

Resumen: La integración de la movilidad eléctrica es una realidad en el mundo actual, las políticas gubernamentales se enfocan cada vez más en incentivar el uso de vehículos eléctricos (VE) particulares, pero, principalmente en reemplazar la movilidad pública convencional por el uso de buses eléctricos. Una adecuada gestión energética de los sistemas de buses eléctricos debe optimizar el uso de recursos, prolongando la vida útil de las unidades de transporte, estaciones de carga y brindando siempre un servicio de calidad a sus usuarios. El desempeño del sistema de transporte mediante VE depende de diversas variables determinísticas y estocásticas que necesitan ser debidamente simuladas a fin de analizar su comportamiento, lo más cercano a las condiciones reales. En el presente trabajo, mediante la aplicación del software SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility), se ha implementado un modelo para el análisis energético de VE y se lo ha aplicado en rutas de transporte público en Quito-Ecuador. A partir de las simulaciones realizadas se ha estimado el consumo energético y se ha efectuado un análisis de sensibilidad del consumo energético de las unidades de buses eléctricos ante variaciones de parámetros relevantes en la gestión energética de sistemas de transporte público. Para el caso de estudio se comprueba la reducción de la autonomía del bus eléctrico en 27% de acuerdo con la información del fabricante. El análisis del desempeño energético realizado bajo diversos escenarios de tráfico permitirá en futuros trabajos optimizar la operación de los sistemas de transporte público eléctrico, considerando niveles de tráfico, flujo vehicular variable y pronunciados desniveles en su relieve.

Abstract: Environmental pollution from transportation has been a fundamental challenge for humanity throughout history, with conventional fuels contributing significantly to environmental degradation. This project seeks to suppress pollution and reduce noise generated by motorcycle taxis, whether for personal and/or private use. The main objective of the research work was to implement an electrolyzer in the combustion system of a motorcycle taxi to suppress environmental pollution and reduce noise. Methods included vehicle preparation, electrolyzer installation, battery adjustment, hydrogen generation, emissions measurement, safety, and data collection. As a result, the electrolyzer was implemented in the single-cylinder motorcycle taxi; The noise limit allowed at work in Peru is 85 dB, which is equivalent to 100 % noise at most; When using gasoline, a value of 76.4 dB was obtained, equivalent to 89.88 % noise, and when using hydrogen, a value of 71.7 dB was obtained, equivalent to 84.35 % noise, therefore, the total noise reduction was 4.70 dB (5.53 %) than established. The discussion highlighted that hydrogen is a clean fuel, with zero emissions and only emitting water vapor instead of polluting gases (5). The conclusion highlights the critical importance of the research, supported by the total reduction of 5.53 % of noise with this new technology and in turn external sources support that using hydrogen produced a smoother and quieter combustion; Regarding the useful life of the engine, due to the cleaner and more efficient combustion, the accumulation of waste was reduced, which benefits reducing the wear of internal components and the need for costly maintenance.

Resumen: La contaminación ambiental derivada del transporte ha sido un desafío fundamental para la humanidad a lo largo de la historia, con los combustibles convencionales contribuyendo significativamente a la degradación ambiental. Este proyecto busca suprimir la contaminación y reducir el ruido generada por mototaxis, ya sean de uso personal y/o privado. El trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo principal implementar un electrolizador en el sistema de combustión de un mototaxi para suprimir la contaminación ambiental y reducir el ruido. Los métodos incluyeron la preparación del vehículo, instalación del electrolizador, ajuste de la batería, generación de hidrógeno, medición de emisiones, seguridad y recolección de datos. Como resultado, se logró implementar el electrolizador en el mototaxi monocilíndrico; el límite de ruido permitido en el trabajo en el Perú es de 85 dB, que equivalen el 100 % de ruido como máximo; al utilizar gasolina se obtuvo un valor de 76.4 dB equivalentes a 89.88 % de ruido y al usar hidrógeno se obtuvo un valor de 71.7 dB siendo el 84.35 % de ruido, por lo tanto, la reducción total de ruido fue de 4.70 dB (5.53%) de lo establecido. La discusión destacó que el hidrógeno es un combustible limpio, con nulas emisiones y solo emitiendo vapor de agua en vez de gases contaminantes (5). La conclusión subraya la importancia crítica de la investigación, respaldada por la reducción total del 5.53 % de ruido con esta nueva tecnología y a su vez fuentes externas apoyan, que el utilizar hidrógeno produjo una combustión más suave y silenciosa. En cuanto a la vida útil del motor, la combustión más limpia y eficiente reduce la acumulación de residuos, lo que disminuye el desgaste de los componentes internos y la necesidad de mantenimientos costosos.

ABSTRACT The ancestral use of essential oils, obtained from various parts of plants, encompasses a wide range of purposes, including medicinal, flavoring, preserving, and aromatic uses. This research focused on conducting a comprehensive literature review on the use of essential oils in the sausage industry. A descriptive, inductive, and analytical approach was adopted, drawing on a variety of sources such as books, journals, technical regulations, theses, and scientific articles. The results of this study revealed that, out of the 92 technical documents (articles and theses) initially selected, 24 were excluded due to their age, leaving a total of 68 articles for the preparation of the technical document. Additionally, 21 documents were identified that provided specific information on the components and effects of essential oils in sausage manufacturing. In conclusion, it is highlighted that essential oils extracted from various plants, such as clove, rosemary, oregano, thyme, among others, have demonstrated their ability to prolong the shelf life of sausages by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and preventing lipid oxidation. Furthermore, it was observed that the application of these essential oils not only contributes to the preservation of meat products but also improves their organoleptic properties by imparting distinctive flavors and aromas.

RESUMEN El empleo ancestral de aceites esenciales, obtenidos de diversas partes de las plantas, abarca una amplia gama de propósitos, incluyendo usos medicinales, condimentarios, conservantes y aromatizantes. Esta investigación se centró en realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre el uso de aceites esenciales en la industria de embutidos. Se adoptó un enfoque descriptivo, inductivo y analítico, recurriendo a una diversidad de fuentes como libros, revistas, normativas técnicas, tesis y artículos científicos. Los resultados de este estudio revelaron que, de los 92 documentos técnicos (artículos y tesis) inicialmente seleccionados, 24 fueron excluidos debido a su antigüedad, dejando un total de 68 artículos para la elaboración del documento técnico. Además, se identificaron 21 documentos que proporcionaron información específica sobre los componentes y efectos de los aceites esenciales en la fabricación de embutidos. Como conclusión, se destaca que los aceites esenciales extraídos de diversas plantas, como clavo, romero, orégano, tomillo, entre otros, han demostrado su capacidad para prolongar la vida útil de los embutidos al inhibir el crecimiento de microorganismos patógenos y prevenir la oxidación lipídica. Además, se observó que la aplicación de estos aceites esenciales no solo contribuye a la conservación de los productos cárnicos, sino que también mejora sus propiedades organolépticas al conferirles sabores y aromas distintivos.

Resumen El plástico se ha vuelto muy popular en los últimos años gracias a su durabilidad y propiedades. A pesar de sus múltiples ventajas, la humanidad ha desarrollado cierta dependencia hacia este material, lo que ha propiciado un incremento en su uso y, a su vez, en la generación de desechos ante el escaso hábito de reúso. Uno de los polímeros plásticos más usados es el poliestireno (PS), ya que este se usa en una amplia gama de aplicaciones gracias a su bajo costo y fácil producción. Sin embargo, pasado el tiempo de vida útil de este plástico, es considerado como desecho. El PS al estar expuesto a condiciones atmosféricas como la radiación UV, se fragmenta dando como resultado la creación de microplásticos (MP), mismos que son pequeñas partículas que no sobrepasan los 5 mm, lo que representa una amenaza al medio ambiente pues, al degradarse, las propiedades decaen, se genera un cambio dimensional y, además, pueden ser fácilmente transportadas no solo al medio ambiente, sino también a los organismos. Este artículo de revisión se enfoca en evidenciar las principales rutas que siguen los MP al interaccionar con los seres humanos y los efectos potenciales de los PS-MP en el citoesqueleto, así como en resaltar la necesidad de más estudios al respecto.

Abstract Plastic has become very popular in recent years due to its durability and properties. Despite its many advantages, humanity has developed a certain dependence on this material, which represents an increase in its use and in turn, in waste. One of the most widely used plastic polymers is the polystyrene (PS), as is used in a wide range of applications due to its low cost and easy production, although after the useful life of the plastic, it is considered as waste. When plastic is exposure to atmospheric conditions such as UV radiation, it degrades and fragments giving rise to microplastics (MPs), which are defined as small particles that do not exceed 5 mm, representing a threat to the environment because when they degrade the properties decay, a dimensional change is generated and they can also be easily transported not only to the environment but also to organisms. This review article focuses on highlighting the main pathways that MPs follow when interacting with humans and the potential effects of PS-MPs on the cytoskeleton, as well as highlighting the need for more studies in this regard.

Resumen Kombucha es una biopelícula compuesta por un cultivo simbiótico de bacterias y levaduras, conocido como SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast). El SCOBY sufre procesos de deterioro y pérdida de atributos nutricionales, bioactivos y sensoriales, lo que impacta negativamente en su vida útil. Estas pérdidas pueden evitarse mediante métodos de secado, que ayudan a prolongar la vida útil y conservar los compuestos de acción de sus constituyentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue someter y evaluar Kombucha SCOBY a las técnicas de deshidratación por calor y liofilización. Los análisis incluyeron pH, sólidos solubles totales, acidez titulable total, turbidez, contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales, actividad antioxidante, evaluación microbiológica y pruebas de toxicidad in vivo. Todos los análisis fueron evaluados estadísticamente a un nivel de probabilidad del 5%, utilizando el software SAS. Tanto las bebidas de Kombucha como los productos secos exhibieron cantidades considerables de compuestos fenólicos y actividad antioxidante. Los recuentos de microorganismos oscilaron entre 104 y 108 CFU.ml-1 para bebidas y productos desarrollados. En las pruebas in vivo con Caenorhabditis elegans, no se observó un aumento en la mortalidad y los gusanos alimentados con los productos fermentados mostraron un mayor crecimiento. Por lo tanto, este estudio concluye que la producción de formas deshidratadas y liofilizadas de productos a base de Kombucha es un campo de investigación prometedor y ventajoso para la salud humana.

Abstract Kombucha is a biofilm composed of a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast, known as SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast). The SCOBY undergoes deterioration processes and loss of nutritional, bioactive and sensory attributes, which negatively impacts its shelf life. These losses can be avoided by drying methods, which help to extend shelf life and preserve the action compounds of its constituents. The objective of this study was to subject and evaluate Kombucha SCOBY to drying techniques by heat dehydration and freeze-drying. Analyses included pH, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, turbidity, total phenolic compound content, antioxidant activity, microbiological assessment, and toxicity in vivo testing. All analyses were statistically evaluated at a 5% probability level, using SAS software. Both Kombucha beverages and dry products exhibited considerable amounts of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Microorganism counts ranged from 104 to 108 CFU.ml-1 for developed beverages and products. In In vivo tests with Caenorhabditis elegans, no increase in mortality was observed, and worms fed with the fermented products showed enhanced growth. Thus, this study concludes that producing dehydrated and freeze-dried forms of Kombucha-based products is a promising and advantageous field of researchfor human health.

Abstract Introduction and Aim: The timing of anterior fontanelle (AF) closure may be a useful marker for early disease detection. However, the few published studies on this topic have reported significant differences in the normal age ranges of AF closure between countries. The aim of this study was to report AF closure time in the Portuguese population during the last two decades. Methods: This was a 21-year retrospective observational study of healthy Portuguese children conducted from January 1999 to December 2019. Data on the age of AF closure were collected by a single pediatrician during outpatient child visits at specific ages (1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months) and during unscheduled visits due to appointment changes or illness. Clinically closed AF was defined as the absence of a depressible fontanelle on physical examination. AF closure time was calculated as the mean age between the age of the last palpable AF and the age of the first clinically closed AF. Results: A total of 684 children (gestational age ≥37 weeks, birth weight ≥2500 grams) were evaluated, of whom 364 (53.2%) were boys. The mean ± 1 standard deviation (SD) age of AF closure was 14.3 ± 4.9 months (range 2−33 months). The 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles, representing ± 2 SD of AF closure time, were 6 and 25 months, respectively. Other percentiles were P5 - 7 months, P25 - 11 months, P50 - 14 months, P75 - 16 months, and P95 - 22 months. Noteworthy, 0.6% and 3.1% of children had a closed AF at three and six months, respectively, while 2.9% still had an open AF at 24 months. AF closure occurred earlier in males than in females (13.6±4.7 vs. 15.1±5.0, p <0.001). A statistically significant difference was found in the mean ± 2 SD of the gender comparison (p=0.045). Conclusions: This study showed a normal distribution of AF closure age in Portuguese children. The acknowledgment of age-related variations in AF closure timing in different populations is important to raise clinicians’ awareness for timely suspicion and detection of pathologic cases and the need for clinical study.

Resumo Introdução e Objetivo: O tempo para o encerramento da fontanela anterior (FA) pode ser um indicador útil na deteção precoce de doença. Os escassos estudos publicados sobre o tema evidenciam a existência de diferenças significativas entre países na definição do intervalo de idades normal para o encerramento da FA. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o intervalo de idades de encerramento da FA na população portuguesa ao longo das últimas duas décadas. Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospetivo, com a duração de 21 anos, efetuado em crianças portuguesas saudáveis entre Janeiro de 1999 e Dezembro de 2019. Foram recolhidos dados relativos à idade de encerramento da FA por um único pediatra em contexto de consulta de saúde infantil realizada em idades específicas (1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30 e 36 meses) e de consultas não programadas devido a reagendamentos ou situação de doença aguda. Foi definida FA clinicamente encerrada como ausência de fontanela anterior depressível no exame objetivo. A idade de encerramento da FA foi calculada como a idade média entre a idade da criança na última palpação da FA aberta e a idade na consulta em que se objetivou o seu encerramento. Resultados: Um total de 684 crianças (idade gestacional ≥37 semanas, peso ao nascimento ≥2500 gramas) foram avaliadas, 364 (53%) das quais do sexo masculino. A idade média de encerramento da FA ± 1 desvio-padrão (DP) foi de 14.3 ± 4.9 meses (variação 2−33 meses). Os percentis 2.5 e 97.5, correspondentes a ± 2 DP do tempo de encerramento da FA, foram 6 e 25 meses de idade, respetivamente. A distribuição das idades de encerramento foi ainda caracterizada pelos seguintes percentis: P5 - 7 meses, P25 - 11 meses, P50 - 14 meses, P75 - 16 meses e P95 - 22 meses. Aos três e seis meses de vida, 0.6% e 3.1% das crianças, respetivamente já tinham a FA encerrada, enquanto aos 24 meses de idade, 2.9% mantinham-na aberta. O encerramento da FA foi significativamente mais precoce no sexo masculino do que no sexo feminino (13.6±4.7 vs. 15.1±5.0, p <0.001) e a média ± 2 DP da comparação entre os sexos também foi estatisticamente diferente (p=0.045). Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem uma distribuição normal na idade de encerramento da FA num grupo de crianças portuguesas. Ter conhecimento de variações relacionadas com a idade de encerramento da FA em diferentes populações é importante para sensibilizar os clínicos para a deteção precoce de estados patológicos e para determinar a necessidade de prosseguir o estudo clínico.

Resumen Esta investigación presentó como objetivo mantener la calidad y vida de anaquel del Capsicum chinense Jacq. var. habanero, mediante el desarrollo y aplicación de un recubrimiento comestible inocuo, amigable con el ambiente y económico a base de agar y de extracto de cáscara de mango como una alternativa potencial de tratamiento poscosecha para el chile habanero por ser un fruto perecedero y susceptible a deterioro fisiológico. El estudio se llevó a cabo durante el año 2021, en la ciudad de Mérida, Yucatán. Al recubrimiento se le realizaron pruebas de solubilidad, humedad, opacidad, capacidad antioxidante y biodegradabilidad, en tanto que, a los chiles habaneros con recubrimiento se les evaluaron los parámetros de textura, acidez, humedad, contenido de polifenoles totales, vitamina C, capsaicina y capacidad antioxidante. Los resultados mostraron que los chiles con recubrimiento y almacenados a 4 °C presentaron una mayor vida de anaquel y se observó un efecto significativo del recubrimiento sobre los parámetros de textura, contenido de capsaicina y en el porcentaje de inhibición de radicales libres, lo que lo convierte en una tecnología apropiada para la conservación del chile habanero.

Abstract This research aimed to maintain the quality and shelf life of Capsicum chinense Jacq. var habanero by developing and applying an innocuous, environmentally friendly, and economical edible coating based on agar and mango peel extract as a potential postharvest treatment alternative for habanero chili as it is a perishable fruit susceptible to physiological deterioration. The study was carried out during 2021, in the city of Mérida, Yucatan. The coating was tested for solubility, moisture, opacity, antioxidant capacity, and biodegradability, while the habanero chilies with coating were evaluated for texture, acidity, moisture, total polyphenol content, vitamin C, capsaicin, and antioxidant capacity. The results showed that coated chilies stored at 4 °C had a longer shelf life and a significant effect of coating was observed on the parameters of texture, capsaicin content and the percentage of free radical inhibition, which makes it an appropriate technology for the preservation of habanero chilies.

Resumo O comportamento alimentar pode exercer uma influência substancial no desenvolvimento da obesidade, uma condição intrinsecamente ligada a um espetro de comorbilidades (e.g., cancro, doenças cardiovasculares, endócrinas). A obesidade é mais prevalente nas mulheres de meia-idade, particularmente durante a menopausa, coincidindo com um aumento da incidência de comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar a estrutura fatorial e as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa do Three Fator Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21) em mulheres de meia-idade. Um total de 1895 mulheres portuguesas de meia-idade (M=52,22 anos, DP=5,10) preencheram um questionário sociodemográfico e o TFEQ-R21, composto por 21 itens, distribuídos por três dimensões (restrição cognitiva, descontrolo alimentar e alimentação emocional). Foram realizadas análises descritivas, validade de construto, de critério, e fiabilidade, através do R-Lavaan. O modelo de estrutura de três fatores apresentou um bom ajustamento (Comparative Fit Index=0,97; Tucker-Lewis Index=0,97; Root mean square error of approximation= 0,08 (p<0,001); Standardized root mean square residual=0,07). O TFEQ-R21 apresenta evidências de validade convergente (variância extraída da média: 0,41<VEM<0,80) e fiabilidade (α de Cronbach: 0,82<α<0,96, e ómega de McDonald: 0,66<ω<0,92). O TFEQ-R21 apresentou evidências de validade e fiabilidade com invariância entre mulheres com e sem obesidade, na avaliação do comportamento alimentar em mulheres de meia-idade. É um instrumento útil no domínio das intervenções de gestão de peso, facilitando a identificação e a atenuação de comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais, especialmente durante esta fase da vida.

Abstract Eating behaviour can exert a substantial influence on the development of obesity, a condition intricately linked with a spectrum of comorbidities (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine disorders). Obesity is more prevalent among middle-aged women, particularly during menopause, coinciding with an increase in the incidence of disordered eating behaviours. This study aims to identify the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21) in middle-aged women. A total of 1895 middle-aged Portuguese women (M=52.22 years, SD=5.10) completed a sociodemographic questionnaire alongside the TFEQ-R21, comprising 21 items distributed across three dimensions (cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating). Descriptive analyses, construct and criterion validities, and reliability were performed using the R-Lavaan. The three-factor structure model presented a good fit (Comparative Fit Index=0.97; Tucker-Lewis Index=0.97; Root mean square error of approximation=0.08 (p<.001); Standardized root mean square residual=0.07). The TFEQ-R21 attests to its convergent validity (average variance extracted: 0.41<AVE<0.80) and reliability (Cronbach´s α: 0.82<α<0.96, and McDonald´s omega: 0.66<ω<0.92). The TFEQ-R21 tool has shown evidence of validity and reliability, displaying invariance between obese and normative women when assessing eating behaviour among middle-aged women. It offers valuable utility within the domain of weight management interventions, facilitating the identification and mitigation of dysfunctional eating behaviours, especially during this life stage.

Resumo A conceção de programas de promoção do bem-estar para companheiros de mulheres diagnosticadas com cancro da mama implica a existência de instrumentos de medida específicos, que considerem os domínios efetivamente relevantes para esta população. O objetivo deste estudo exploratório foi construir e validar uma escala para avaliar o impacto do diagnóstico e tratamento do cancro da mama nos companheiros. Uma amostra de conveniência de 84 companheiros de mulheres que tiveram diagnóstico de cancro da mama respondeu ao questionário desenvolvido no presente estudo, questionário sociodemográfico, Escala de qualidade de vida do familiar/cuidador do doente oncológico (CQOLC) e versão portuguesa da Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Foi desenvolvida a Escala de Avaliação do Impacto do Cancro da Mama nos Companheiros (EAICMC), com 24 itens, organizados em três fatores. A EAICMC revelou boa fiabilidade (α = 0,82). A correlação item-total e item-subescalas comprovou a sua aceitável validade interna convergente/discriminante e a distribuição das respostas pelos seus itens demonstrou que possui uma razoável sensibilidade. A correlação entre os scores obtidos na EAICMC, HADS e CQOLC confirmou a validade externa da escala. Trata-se de um instrumento bem aceite e que poderá ser útil para a prática clínica.

Abstract The design of wellbeing promotion programs for the partners of women diagnosed with breast cancer requires the existence of specific measuring instruments that take into account the domains that are actually relevant to this population. The aim of this exploratory study was to construct and validate a scale to assess the impact of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment on partners. A convenience sample of 84 partners of women diagnosed with breast cancer answered the questionnaire developed in this study, a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Cancer Patient Family/Caregiver Quality of Life Scale (CQOLC) and the Portuguese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The Assessment of the Impact of Breast Cancer on Companions Scale (EAICMC) was developed, with 24 items, organized into three factors. The EAICMC showed good reliability (α=0.82). The item-total and item-subscale correlation proved its acceptable convergent/discriminant internal validity and the distribution of responses across its items showed that it has reasonable sensitivity. The correlation between the scores obtained on the EAICMC, HADS and CQOLC confirmed the scale's external validity. It is a well-accepted instrument that could be useful in clinical practice.

Resumen La frutilla chilena (Fragaria chiloensis) es una especie nativa de Chile. Es un fruto apreciado por los consumidores por sus propiedades organolépticas, pero es altamente perecedero. Dado que es un fruto no climatérico, debe ser cosechado en el momento óptimo de maduración para asegurar su calidad durante la comercialización. La calidad de estos frutos se mide por apariencia, sabor, aroma, valor nutricional y firmeza, la cual experimenta cambios durante el proceso de maduración. La especie presenta una alta tasa de pérdida de firmeza o ablandamiento, que se asocia a la elevada actividad de enzimas de las fracciones hemicelulosa y pectina de la pared celular, como la poligalacturonasa, a-arabinofuranosidasa, p-galactosidasa, endo-glucanasa, p-xilosidasa, xiloglucano endotransglicosilasa/hidrolasa y ramnogalacturonano liasa en diversas etapas de maduración. La firmeza es un atributo clave para la comercialización y la mantención de la calidad organoléptica, por lo que su control es necesario durante el almacenamiento. Para ello, se han investigado los efectos de tratamientos pre o postcosecha, como atmósferas modificadas, y aplicaciones exógenas de calcio, auxina, metil jasmonato, quitosano y sulfuro de hidrógeno, que contribuyen a mantener este atributo al reducir la solubilización de las pectinas, así como otros aspectos de la calidad organoléptica y nutricional durante el almacenamiento. Esta revisión bibliográfica presenta hallazgos sobre la biología de maduración de Fragaria chiloensis, las investigaciones más recientes sobre el fenómeno de ablandamiento y sus bases bioquímicas y moleculares, así como intervenciones orientadas a mantener la calidad y extender la vida postcosecha de este fruto.

Abstract The Chilean strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis) is a native species to Chile. Consumers value this fruit for its organoleptic properties, but it is highly perishable. Since it is a non-climacteric fruit, harvesting at the optimum ripening stage is essential to ensure its quality during commercialization. In this fruit, quality is determined by appearance, flavor, aroma, nutritional value, and firmness, which changes during ripening. The species presents a high rate of firmness loss or softening, associated with the elevated enzymatic activity of cell wall-modifying enzymes of the pectin and hemicellulose fractions, such as polygalacturonase, a-arabinofuranosidase, p-galactosidase, endo- glucanase, p-xylosidase, xyloglucan endotransglycosilase/hydrolase and rhamnogalacturonan lyase at different ripening stages. Firmness is a key trait for commercialization and organoleptic quality; hence, its management during storage is necessary. Different studies have investigated the effects of pre or postharvest treatments, such as modified atmosphere packaging and exogenous applications of calcium, auxin, methyl jasmonate, chitosan, and hydrogen sulfide, which maintain fruit firmness by reducing pectin solubilization and improve other attributes responsible for organoleptic and nutritional quality during storage. This literature review focuses on the ripening biology of Fragaria chiloensis and recent findings regarding softening and its biochemical and molecular basis, as well as interventions oriented to maintain the quality and extend the shelf-life of this fruit.

ABSTRACT The failure of an electrical machine is an inevitable process due to the thermal, mechanical, electrical and environmental stresses to which they are exposed throughout their useful life, however, with an adequate maintenance strategy, it is possible to avoid unforeseen failures and ensure that the machine fulfills its design functions, minimizing the risks of breakdown. The aim of this study is to evaluate a new variable of diagnostic state (VED) of the eccentricity of electric generator set in-service. As a result of the theoretical research carried out, it is determined that the fundamental component of the current through the neutral of the generator constitutes a variable that provides information on the degree of eccentricity of the asset, which can optimize the maintenance management process due to its easy handling and its high content of information on the condition of the rotating machine.

RESUMEN El fallo en una máquina eléctrica constituye un proceso inevitable debido a las solicitaciones térmicas, mecánicas, eléctricas y ambientales a las cuales se ven expuestas a lo largo de su vida útil, sin embargo, con una adecuada estrategia de mantenimiento, es posible evitar fallas imprevistas y lograr que la máquina cumpla sus funciones de diseños, minimizando los riesgos de avería. El presente trabajo pretende evaluar una nueva variable de estado de diagnóstico (VED) de la excentricidad de los generadores eléctricos en los grupos electrógenos en servicio. Como resultado de la investigación teórica realizada, se determina que la componente fundamental de la corriente por el neutro del generador constituye una variable que brinda información del grado de excentricidad del activo, lo cual puede optimizar el proceso de gestión del mantenimiento por su fácil manejo y su alto contenido de información sobre la condición de la máquina rotatoria.

Abstract The effect of using alpaca milk on the physicochemical, composition, microbiological and sensory attributes of artisanal whipped yogurt with different alpaca and cow milk formulations was evaluated. The pasteurized process methodology to obtain seven formulations of yogurt with alpaca milk was subjected to physicochemical, composition, microbiological and sensory quality analysis with the following results: The physicochemical quality of yogurt made with different proportions of alpaca milk was favorable for the stability of the yogurt, also denoting a greater richness of total solids in its useful life period of consumption. The composition of yogurts with a different proportion of alpaca milk increases the nutritional components of yogurt, enriching it with natural nutrients, improving the quality of yogurt and promoting it as a “concentrated fermented milk.” The microbiological quality of yogurts made with various proportional parts of alpaca milk appears acceptable for consumption of yogurt according to the Peruvian Technical Standards for milk and dairy derivatives, given the absence of pathogenic microorganisms, minimal presentation of fungi and yeasts and presence initial acid lactobacilli, which inhibit bacterial growth and reduce bacterial presence at the time of final ripening of the yogurt. Finally, the sensory quality of the yogurts prepared with partial use of alpaca milk demonstrated to have good flavor, aroma and smell characteristics, mainly in those whose formulation uses majority proportions of alpaca milk, giving rise to products with acceptable tastes for the consumer.

Resumen Se evaluó el efecto del uso de leche de alpaca sobre los atributos fisicoquímicos, composición, microbiológico y sensorial del yogur batido artesanal con diferente formulación de leche de alpaca y vaca. La metodología de proceso pasteurizado para obtener siete formulaciones de yogurt con leche de alpaca, fueron sometidos al análisis fisicoquímico, composición, microbiológico y de calidad sensorial con resultados siguientes: La calidad fisicoquímica del yogurt elaborado con proporciones distintas de leche de alpaca resulto favorable para la estabilidad del yogurt, denotando también una mayor riqueza de solidos totales en su periodo de vida útil de consumo. La composición de los yogures con diversa proporción de leche de alpaca aumenta los componentes nutritivos del yogurt, enriqueciéndolo con nutrientes naturales, mejorando la calidad del yogurt y promoviéndola, como una “leche fermentada concentrada”. La calidad microbiológica de los yogures elaborados con partes proporcionales diversas de leche de alpaca, aparece aceptable para el consumo del yogurt según las Normas Técnicas Peruanas para la leche y derivados lácteos, dada la ausencia de microorganismos patógenos, mínima presentación de hongos y levaduras y presencia inicial de lactobacilos ácidos, que inhiben el crecimiento bacteriano y disminuyen presencia bacteriana al momento de maduración final del yogurt. Finalmente, la calidad sensorial de los yogures preparados con uso parcial de leche de alpaca demostró tener buenas características de sabor aroma y olor, principalmente en aquellos cuya formulación hace uso de proporciones mayoritarias de leche de alpaca, dando lugar a productos de gustos aceptables para el consumo.

ABSTRACT The consumption of fresh fruits has increased nowadays due to the lifestyle of the consumers. Maintaining the quality and nutritional value of cut fruits during storage is difficult compared to whole fruits. Deterioration of internal and external quality usually occurs in freshly harvested fruits. It is necessary to use different techniques to maintain the quality and increase the shelf life of the freshly cut product. This research studied the effect of treating apple slices with cold plasma once and with filtered water again on quality characteristics (hardness, moisture content, sugar content, carbohydrate content, and color) after being stored for five days. The best treatment was determined using two different pressures of the plasma jet (1 and 5 atm) and two different immersion times (3 and 6 minutes). It was verified the superiority of cold plasma treatment at 5 atm and 3 minutes immersion time in all studied traits, while treatment with filtered water and 6 minutes immersion time was superior concerning the moisture content of apple slices. There is an inverse relationship between L* and a direct relationship between the a* and b* values with the storage time. Therefore, the use of cold plasma treatment is promising in storing cut fruits, extending their shelf life, and improving their quality and safety, which provides fresh fruits. consumers product hardness, hardness (hardness color days 1 ( minutes. . minutes) traits L b Therefore safety

RESUMO O consumo de frutas frescas tem aumentado atualmente devido ao estilo de vida dos consumidores. Manter a qualidade e o valor nutricional dos frutos cortados durante o armazenamento é difícil em comparação com os frutos inteiros. A deterioração da qualidade interna e externa geralmente ocorre em frutas recém-colhidas. Para manter a qualidade e aumentar a vida útil do produto recém-cortado, é necessário utilizar diferentes técnicas. Nesta pesquisa, foi estudado o efeito do tratamento de fatias de maçã com plasma frio uma vez e com água filtrada novamente nas características de qualidade (como dureza, teor de umidade, teor de umidade, teor de carboidratos e cor) após armazenamento por 5 dias. O melhor tratamento foi determinado utilizando duas pressões diferentes do jato de plasma (1 e 5 atm) e dois tempos de imersão diferentes (3 e 6 min). Verificou-se superioridade do tratamento com plasma frio a 5 atm e tempo de imersão de 3 min em todas as características estudadas, enquanto o tratamento com água filtrada no tempo de imersão de 6 min foi superior no teor de umidade das fatias de maçã. Existe uma relação inversa entre o valor da cor L* e uma relação direta entre o valor de a* e b* com o tempo de armazenamento. Portanto, o uso do tratamento com plasma frio é promissor no armazenamento de frutas cortadas, prolongando sua vida útil e melhorando sua qualidade e segurança, o que proporciona frutas frescas. consumidores inteiros recémcolhidas. recémcolhidas recém colhidas. colhidas recém-colhidas recémcortado, recémcortado cortado, cortado recém-cortado técnicas pesquisa como dureza dias 1 ( min. . min) Verificouse Verificou se estudadas L b Portanto cortadas segurança