In the water/triethanolamine/ethanol system, TiCl4 aqueous solution is used as the precursor to regulate the conversion rate of TiCl4 by changing the reaction temperature, water volume, pH value, and ethanol amount. The experiment uses a single-factor method to investigate the dynamic relationship between Ti4+ concentration and time under various factors, thereby achieving controllable TiO2 production. The experimental results showed that under a single factor, the conversion rate showed a trend of first steep and then slow growth within 180 min. After 180 min, the conversion rate tended to stabilize. Considering various factors, it was found that VTiCl4:VC6H15NO3:VH2O:VC2H5OH = 1:6:15:30, pH = 7, reaction time at room temperature was 4 h, and the hydrolysis effect was good. The final conversion rate was 90.46%, and the hydrolysis reaction conforms to the first-order reaction equation. Kinetic parameters: pre-factor (A) = 0.107, activation energy (Ea) = 4488.65 J mol-1. watertriethanolamineethanol triethanolamine system TiCl volume value amount singlefactor factor Ti4 Ti factors TiO production 18 min stabilize VTiCl4VC6H15NO3VH2OVC2H5OH VTiClVCHNOVHOVCHOH VTiCl4 VC6H15NO3 VH2O VC2H5OH VTiCl VC H NO VH O OH 161530, 161530 1 6 15 30, 30 1:6:15:30 7 h good 9046 90 46 90.46% firstorder order equation parameters prefactor pre A (A 0107 0 107 0.107 Ea (Ea 448865 4488 65 4488.6 mol1. mol1 mol 1. mol-1 OVC VCHNO VC6H15NO VHO VCHOH 16153 3 1:6:15:3 904 9 90.46 010 10 0.10 44886 448 4488. mol- 1615 1:6:15: 90.4 01 0.1 44 161 1:6:15 90. 0. 16 1:6:1 1:6: 1:6 1:

Abstract: This investigation proposes to develop a methodology based on the mean-variance mapping optimization (MVMO) algorithm to reduce the active power losses of the subtransmission system of the Electric Company Quito (EEQ), determining the best operating point of the system, considering the state of taps of the transformers, the capacitor banks and the contribution of reagents from the generation plants that the company currently has. EEQ. The same ones that, when operating in an adequate manner, lead to reducing the value of active power losses in the network, thus improving the operating conditions of the EEQ Electrical Power System.

Resumen: Esta investigación propone desarrollar una metodología basada en el algoritmo de optimización de mapeo media varianza (MVMO) para reducir las pérdidas de potencia activa del sistema de subtransmisión de la Empresa Eléctrica Quito (EEQ), determinando el mejor punto de operación del sistema, considerando el estado de tap’s de los transformadores, los bancos de capacitores y del aporte de reactivos de las centrales de generación con las que cuenta actualmente la EEQ. Los mismos que al operar de una manera adecuada llevan a reducir el valor de las pérdidas de potencia activa en la red, mejorando así las condiciones operativas del Sistema Eléctrico de Potencia de la EEQ.

Abstract: This paper presents a methodology, based on frequency response models, to estimate the minimum or maximum value -nadir- that the frequency reaches when a generation - load unbalance occurs in the power system. To this end, the 1st order reduced equivalent model of the generator’s power-frequency control system is determined using the "Parameter Estimator" of Matlab/Simulink. Then, a set of equations coming from the reduced equivalent model is established to estimate the value of the maximum transient frequency deviation and its occurrence time. To illustrate the application of the proposed methodology, the IEEE New England test system has been chosen. Once this is done, the proposed methodology is applied to the Ecuadorian Interconnected Power System. The results of time domain simulations using the PowerFactory software are presented and compared with the results calculated using the developed reduced and analytical models. It is concluded that the proposed methodology estimates with high accuracy the maximum transient frequency deviation and its time of occurrence.

Resumen: En el presente trabajo se presenta una metodología, basada en modelos de repuesta de la frecuencia, para estimar el valor mínimo o máximo -nadir- que alcanza la frecuencia cuando en el sistema eléctrico de potencia se presenta un desbalance generación - carga. Con este fin, se determina el modelo reducido de 1er orden del sistema de control potencia - frecuencia del generador usando el “Estimador de Parámetros” de Matlab/Simulink. Luego, se establecen ecuaciones que provienen del modelo equivalente reducido para estimar el valor de la máxima desviación transitoria de la frecuencia y su tiempo de ocurrencia. Para ilustrar la aplicación de la metodología presentada se ha elegido el sistema de prueba IEEE New England de 39 barras y 10 generadores. Hecho esto, la metodología propuesta se aplica al Sistema Nacional Interconectado ecuatoriano. Se presentan resultados de simulaciones en el dominio del tiempo usando el programa PowerFactory, mismos que son comparados con los resultados calculados mediante el modelo equivalente reducido y el modelo analítico. Se concluye que la metodología propuesta estima con alta precisión la máxima desviación transitoria de la frecuencia y su tiempo de ocurrencia.

Abstract Introduction: The Mar Muerto lagoon is an ecosystem characterized by high productivity upon which various inhabiting organisms depend. Additionally, it is a system susceptible to environmental impacts. Consequently, indices have been developed to determine the degree of disturbance caused by natural and/or anthropogenic factors. Objective: To assess the degree of disturbance in the Mar Muerto lagoon using a Biotic Integrity Index (BII) based on ichthyofauna. Methods: From December 2019 to March 2021, 12 sampling stations were established in the lagoon. The Biotic Integrity Index was developed by collecting data on hydrological variables (salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity, suspended solids, temperature, nitrites, nitrates, phosphates, and transparency) and classifying fish species based on their composition and richness. This was followed by a Water and Habitat Quality Index (WHQI) derived from the characterization and classification of sampling stations based on physicochemical variables. The correlation of the two indices allowed for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the BII. Results: 65 species were reported for the lagoon, with Lile gracilis, Oligoplites altus, Eucinostomus currani, and Gerres simillimus being the most frequently recorded. Only station 10 exhibited poor biotic integrity (BII = 26), while the rest displayed regular biotic integrity (BII = 30 - 44), with station nine presenting the highest calculated value (BII = 42). The assessment of the lagoon’s BII demonstrated an average biotic integrity considered “regular.” Conclusion: Through this study, the functionality of the modified BII for the Mar Muerto lagoon was verified, allowing for the evaluation of the present conservation status and comparison with previous studies.

Resumen Introducción: La laguna Mar Muerto es un ecosistema caracterizado por una gran productividad, de la cual dependen diversos organismos que la habitan; también es un sistema susceptible a impactos ambientales. Por lo anterior, se han desarrollado índices que permiten conocer el grado de alteración por causas naturales y/o antropogénicas. Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de perturbación de la laguna Mar Muerto, mediante un índice de integridad biótica (IBI) basado en la ictiofauna. Métodos: De diciembre 2019 a marzo 2021, se establecieron 12 estaciones de muestreo en la laguna. La elaboración del índice de integridad biótica fue a partir de la recopilación de datos de las variables hidrológicas (salinidad, NO2, NO3, PO4, pH, OD, T, CE, transparencia y SDT) y la clasificación de las especies ícticas según su composición y riqueza; seguido de un índice de calidad de agua y hábitat (ICAH), elaborado a partir de la caracterización y clasificación de las estaciones de muestreo en función de variables fisicoquímicas. La correlación de los dos índices permitió evaluar la efectividad del IBI. Resultados: 65 especies fueron reportadas para la laguna, de las cuales Lile gracilis, Oligoplites altus, Eucinostomus currani y Gerres simillimus se registraron con mayor frecuencia. Sólo la estación 10 presentó una integridad biótica pobre (IBI = 26), el resto presentó un IBI regular (IBI = 30 - 44), siendo la estación nueve la que presentó el valor máximo calculado (IBI = 42). La valoración del IBI de la laguna demostró que ésta presenta una integridad biótica promedio considerada “regular”. Conclusión: A través de este trabajo, se comprobó la funcionalidad del IBI modificado para la laguna Mar Muerto, permitiendo evaluar el grado de conservación presente y compararlo con trabajos previos.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 on the cardiovascular autonomic system using heart rate variability in young individuals. METHODS: The study was designed retrospectively by scanning the 24-h Holter electrocardiography records of patients who applied to the Ankara Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Education and Research Hospital Cardiology outpatient clinic. The study group consisted of 492 patients under the age of 40 years, who did not have additional comorbidities or medication use and had prolonged symptoms after coronavirus disease 2019 during the pandemic. The control group, including 401 patients, was determined during the pre-pandemic period (before December 2019). Heart rate variability parameters were evaluated by scanning the 24-h Holter electrocardiography records of the patients and compared with the non-coronavirus disease 2019 group. RESULTS: The median age of participants was 30 years. Standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN) ≤100 ms was more prevalent in the study group (27 (6.7%) vs 73 (14.8%), p<0.001). In univariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of coronavirus disease 2019 [(OR 2.41, 95%CI 1.52–3.83), p<0.001] and age [(OR 1.04, 95%CI 1.01–1.07), p=0.016] had a significant effect on the probability of SDNN≤100. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of coronavirus disease 2019 [(OR 2.42, 95%CI 1.52–3.85), p<0.001] and age [(OR 2.42, 95%CI 1.52–3.85), p=0.016] had a significant effect on the probability of SDNN≤100. Frequency domain measures such as, high-frequency values were significantly higher in the study group (p=0.029). The study group’s low-frequency/high frequency ratio was significantly lower (p=0.019). The low-frequency/high-frequency ratio’s cut-off value was ≤2.77. for determining the differentiation between coronavirus disease 2019 positive and negative cases in the receiver operating characteristic analysis. The sensitivity rate was 80.7%. The area under the curve value is 0.546 (p=0.019). CONCLUSION: This study showed that coronavirus disease 2019 causes reduced heart rate variability and increased parasympathetic activity in young patients. This may explain the prolonged symptoms after coronavirus disease 2019 infection. OBJECTIVE 201 individuals METHODS 24h h 24 clinic 49 4 years pandemic prepandemic pre before 2019. . 2019) noncoronavirus non RESULTS 3 SDNN (SDNN 100 ≤10 27 (2 6.7% 67 6 7 (6.7% 14.8%, 148 14.8% , 14 8 (14.8%) p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 0 001 p<0.001) analysis OR 241 2 41 2.41 95CI CI 95 1.52–3.83, 152383 1.52–3.83 1 52 83 1.52–3.83) 104 04 1.04 1.01–1.07, 101107 1.01–1.07 01 07 1.01–1.07) p=0.016 p0016 016 SDNN100 SDNN≤100 242 42 2.42 1.52–3.85, 152385 1.52–3.85 85 1.52–3.85) as highfrequency high p=0.029. p0029 p=0.029 029 (p=0.029) groups s lowfrequency/high lowfrequencyhigh low frequency/high p=0.019. p0019 p=0.019 019 (p=0.019) lowfrequency/highfrequency lowfrequencyhighfrequency ratios cutoff cut off 277 77 ≤2.77 807 80 80.7% 0546 546 0.54 CONCLUSION infection 20 10 ≤1 ( 6.7 (6.7 14.8 (14.8% p000 p<0.00 00 2.4 9 15238 1.52–3.8 5 1.0 10110 1.01–1.0 p=0.01 p001 SDNN10 SDNN≤10 p002 p=0.02 02 (p=0.029 lowfrequency frequencyhigh (p=0.019 ≤2.7 80.7 054 54 0.5 ≤ 6. (6. 14. (14.8 p00 p<0.0 2. 1523 1.52–3. 1. 1011 1.01–1. p=0.0 SDNN1 SDNN≤1 (p=0.02 (p=0.01 ≤2. 80. 05 0. (6 (14. p0 p<0. 152 1.52–3 101 1.01–1 p=0. SDNN≤ (p=0.0 ≤2 (14 p<0 15 1.52– 1.01– p=0 (p=0. (1 p< 1.52 1.01 p= (p=0 1.5 (p= (p

The National Development Plan (NDP) advocates for the elimination of poverty, and the reduction of inequality by 2030. These goals can only be achieved if we harness the energies of the people, build an inclusive economy, develop skills, improve the capacity of the state and promote leadership and partnerships across society. This is to be achieved through transforming society more equitably and at the same time making the country more competitive in the global economic system. The article seeks to explore how institutions of higher learning can be transformed through the production of future professors with a developmental agenda. Therefore, the NDP advocates continuous professional development, lifelong learning and knowledge production, and innovation as a focus for building the capacity of individuals and society. The article employed the modernisation theory as a vehicle to drive social change and transformation in higher education. The article employed a systematic review of the literature on transformation and social change in higher education as advocated in the NDP. The findings of the article show that universal human development can be achieved by respecting human rights, promoting equality and empowering people to exercise the opportunities and choices they value in higher education. The article recommends that a structured interaction between lecturers and students within the context of transformative change and social justice should be prioritised in higher education. This can only be achieved through preparing the future professor with a developmental agenda to assist in shaping higher education by designing a curriculum that responds to the needs of the current cohort of students.

Resumen La mayoría de los parques fotovoltaicos instalados en el territorio nacional cuentan con medios de registro y reporte, junto con la generación eléctrica, de varias variables meteorológicas que tienen influencia en su rendimiento, en particular, la radiación solar, que es medida con piranómetros. Estos instrumentos pueden presentar variaciones en sus constantes de calibración tras un uso prolongado, y requieren de un esquema de monitoreo y calibraciones periódicas. A continuación se presenta un método de validación preliminar de los datos de radiación solar en los parques fotovoltaicos, que puede ir indicando en qué parques se están reportando valores erróneos de radiación solar. El método compara los valores horarios reportados cada día en cada parque con los estimados por el modelo numérico de pronóstico WRF y en los días donde la correlación entre ambas series es superior a 0.985, calcula entones la relación entre las sumas de cada serie. Si el valor esta relación es próximo a 1, se puede considerar que el piranómetro de ese parque funciona correctamente. Se presentan los resultados de la evaluación de los reportes de radiación solar en un conjunto de parques fotovoltaicos conectados a la red eléctrica nacional.

Abstract The majority of photovoltaic parks installed in the national territory have means of recording and reporting, along with electricity generation, several meteorological variables that influence their performance, in particular, solar radiation, which is measured with pyranometers. These instruments may present variations in their calibration constants after prolonged use, and require a monitoring scheme and periodic calibrations. Below is a preliminary validation method for solar radiation data in photovoltaic parks, which can indicate in which parks erroneous solar radiation values are being reported. The method compares the hourly values reported each day in each park with those estimated by the WRF numerical forecast model and on days where the correlation between both series is greater than 0.985, it then calculates the relationship between the sums of each series. If the value of this ratio is close to 1, it can be considered that the pyranometer of that park is working correctly. The results of the evaluation of solar radiation reports in a set of photovoltaic parks connected to the national electrical grid are presented.

Abstract: Environmental pollution from transportation has been a fundamental challenge for humanity throughout history, with conventional fuels contributing significantly to environmental degradation. This project seeks to suppress pollution and reduce noise generated by motorcycle taxis, whether for personal and/or private use. The main objective of the research work was to implement an electrolyzer in the combustion system of a motorcycle taxi to suppress environmental pollution and reduce noise. Methods included vehicle preparation, electrolyzer installation, battery adjustment, hydrogen generation, emissions measurement, safety, and data collection. As a result, the electrolyzer was implemented in the single-cylinder motorcycle taxi; The noise limit allowed at work in Peru is 85 dB, which is equivalent to 100 % noise at most; When using gasoline, a value of 76.4 dB was obtained, equivalent to 89.88 % noise, and when using hydrogen, a value of 71.7 dB was obtained, equivalent to 84.35 % noise, therefore, the total noise reduction was 4.70 dB (5.53 %) than established. The discussion highlighted that hydrogen is a clean fuel, with zero emissions and only emitting water vapor instead of polluting gases (5). The conclusion highlights the critical importance of the research, supported by the total reduction of 5.53 % of noise with this new technology and in turn external sources support that using hydrogen produced a smoother and quieter combustion; Regarding the useful life of the engine, due to the cleaner and more efficient combustion, the accumulation of waste was reduced, which benefits reducing the wear of internal components and the need for costly maintenance.

Resumen: La contaminación ambiental derivada del transporte ha sido un desafío fundamental para la humanidad a lo largo de la historia, con los combustibles convencionales contribuyendo significativamente a la degradación ambiental. Este proyecto busca suprimir la contaminación y reducir el ruido generada por mototaxis, ya sean de uso personal y/o privado. El trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo principal implementar un electrolizador en el sistema de combustión de un mototaxi para suprimir la contaminación ambiental y reducir el ruido. Los métodos incluyeron la preparación del vehículo, instalación del electrolizador, ajuste de la batería, generación de hidrógeno, medición de emisiones, seguridad y recolección de datos. Como resultado, se logró implementar el electrolizador en el mototaxi monocilíndrico; el límite de ruido permitido en el trabajo en el Perú es de 85 dB, que equivalen el 100 % de ruido como máximo; al utilizar gasolina se obtuvo un valor de 76.4 dB equivalentes a 89.88 % de ruido y al usar hidrógeno se obtuvo un valor de 71.7 dB siendo el 84.35 % de ruido, por lo tanto, la reducción total de ruido fue de 4.70 dB (5.53%) de lo establecido. La discusión destacó que el hidrógeno es un combustible limpio, con nulas emisiones y solo emitiendo vapor de agua en vez de gases contaminantes (5). La conclusión subraya la importancia crítica de la investigación, respaldada por la reducción total del 5.53 % de ruido con esta nueva tecnología y a su vez fuentes externas apoyan, que el utilizar hidrógeno produjo una combustión más suave y silenciosa. En cuanto a la vida útil del motor, la combustión más limpia y eficiente reduce la acumulación de residuos, lo que disminuye el desgaste de los componentes internos y la necesidad de mantenimientos costosos.

Abstract The university is acknowledged as an institution of great complexity, one that constantly navigates challenges in its interactions with the external community while adhering to an ethical code that defines its institutional identity and guides its research efforts. Moreover, it undertakes digital transformation processes to effectively meet its objectives. With this recognition, this article reports on the experience of designing and developing a Platform for the management of ethical and safety evaluations in scientific research, aimed at facilitating the work of ethical-scientific committees in the university environment. The methodological approach was carried out using tools typical of case study designs, working with documents and defining the following as dimensions of analysis: the development conditions of the platform, its characteristics, its future and challenges. The results indicate that in organizations that prioritize digital transformation as a process that adds value to strategy, a positive impact on knowledge management is observed, as is the case with this Platform. The significance of working with key actors, system users who execute interactions on the platform, appreciating their role in feedback processes and the improvement of the computer resource, is highlighted. Furthermore, it is noted that when there is a strategic vision of digital transformation as a process, favoring progressive development, identifying gaps and improvements in systems, enriching synergies are generated with other sectors of the institution, resulting in a profound and widespread impact throughout the university.

Resumen La universidad como institución es reconocida como una organización de gran complejidad, que constantemente navega desafíos en su interacción con la comunidad externa, al mismo tiempo que se adhiere a un código ético que define su identidad institucional y guía su labor investigativa, y que emprende procesos de transformación digital para cumplir efectivamente con sus objetivos. Con ese reconocimiento, este artículo da cuenta de la experiencia de diseño y desarrollo de una Plataforma para la gestión de la evaluación ética y de seguridad en investigación científica, destinada a facilitar el trabajo de los Comités ético-científicos en el ámbito universitario. El abordaje metodológico se realizó desde herramientas propias de los diseños de estudios de caso, trabajando con material documental y definiendo las siguientes como dimensiones de análisis: las condiciones de desarrollo de la plataforma, las características de ella, sus proyecciones y desafíos. Los resultados indican que en las organizaciones que priorizan la transformación digital como un proceso que aporta valor a la estrategia, se observa un impacto positivo en la gestión del conocimiento, tal como ocurre con esta Plataforma. Destaca la relevancia del trabajo con los actores claves, usuarios del sistema, quienes ejecutan las interacciones en la plataforma, valorando su rol en los procesos de retroalimentación y mejora del recurso informático. Además, se destaca que cuando hay una mirada estratégica de la transformación digital como proceso, favoreciendo un desarrollo progresivo, identificando brechas y mejoras en los sistemas, se generan sinergias enriquecedoras con otros sectores de la institución, generando un impacto profundo y amplio en toda la universidad.

Resumen La carretera Puyo-Tena es propensa a deslizamientos de tierra debido a la geodinámica, geomorfología y materiales geológicos de la zona (afloramientos y estratos inestables). En los últimos años, este problema ha provocado de forma persistente la inutilización parcial o total de la carretera en numerosas ocasiones. El objetivo de la investigación fue generar un modelo cartográfico de susceptibilidad a deslizamientos a partir de variables como la pendiente, las formaciones geológicas, la cobertura y uso de la tierra, así como las distancias a fallas, carretera y ríos. El grado de incidencia de deslizamientos se estimó como la combinación lineal de las variables ponderadas mediante el proceso de jerarquía analítica. La importancia de este método semicuantitativo radica en su capacidad para desagregar un problema de decisión complejo en un modelo de decisión más simple y coherente. El modelo cartográfico resultante se reclasificó en cinco categorías de susceptibilidad: muy baja, baja, moderada, alta y muy alta. Los resultados mostraron que 17 km de los 80 km de la carretera Puyo-Tena tienen una alta probabilidad a deslizamientos, lo que equivale a 21,25% de la carretera. Además, dentro de este porcentaje, se determinó que existen quince regiones con alta probabilidad de deslizamientos debido a su ubicación en zonas con fuertes pendientes, litología porosa y permeable, gran cantidad de ríos y suelos agrícolas. Para la verificación del modelo se utilizó el área bajo la curva (en inglés AUC) de la característica operativa del receptor (en inglés ROC). Los resultados de la verificación mostraron que el modelo cartográfico para el área de estudio tiene un valor de precisión de 83,7%. El modelo cartográfico de susceptibilidad a deslizamientos permitirá tomar las decisiones pertinentes para mitigar eventos potenciales que puedan poner en peligro a transportistas, bienes materiales y residentes de la zona.

Abstract The Puyo-Tena roadway is prone to landslides due to the geodynamics, geomorphology, and geological materials of the area (unstable outcrops and strata). In recent years, this problem has persistently caused the road to be partially or completely disabled on numerous occasions. The objective of the research was to generate a cartographic model of landslides susceptibility based on variables such as slope, geological formations, land cover and land use, as well as distances to faults, road, and rivers. The degree of landslides incidence was estimated as the linear combination of the weighted variables using the analytic hierarchy process. The importance of this semi-quantitative method lies in its ability to break down a complex decision problem into a simpler and more coherent decision model. The resulting cartographic model was classified into five susceptibility categories: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. The results showed that 17 km out of the 80 km of the Puyo-Tena roadway have a high probability of landslides, which is equivalent to 21.25% of the road. Furthermore, within this percentage, it was determined that there are fifteen regions with a high probability of landslides due to their location in areas with steep slopes, porous and permeable lithology, a large number of rivers, and agricultural soils. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used for model verification. The verification results showed that the cartographic model for the study area has an accuracy value of 83.7%. The cartographic model of landslide susceptibility will enable relevant decisions to be made to mitigate potential hazards that may endanger transporters, material goods, and residents of the area.

RESUMEN La investigación analizó desde el punto de vista crítico y jurídico el efecto del cumplimiento del principio de celeridad y resolución 061-2020 a la hora de ejecutar la citación, con respecto al debido proceso. El objetivo fue investigar desde el comportamiento casuístico en las Unidades Judiciales de Familia, Mujer, Niñez y Adolescencia en Guayaquil y Riobamba, en diciembre 2023, los argumentos jurídicos doctrinales para fundamentar la necesidad de cambios en esta resolución para evitar el efecto dilatorio que quebranta el Principio de Celeridad Procesal conforme a lo establecido en el art. 5 de la resolución. El trabajo posee un enfoque mixto con los métodos histórico-lógico, hermenéutico, inductivo y deductivo. Los datos fueron recabados mediante encuestas estructuradas aplicadas a la muestra y la revisión de casos de incumplimiento de celeridad procesal en las dos Unidades Judiciales en estudio. La citación procesal en materia de procesos de familia es importante, y su contenido doctrinario garantiza el acceso a la justicia, protección de derechos, preservación de pruebas y eficiencia del sistema judicial. Su contenido dogmático se basa en el acceso a la justicia, seguridad jurídica, economía y eficiencia procesal. Fueron encuestados 196 profesionales del derecho y se analizaron 1473 registros de citaciones. La comparación de las Unidades Judiciales en estudio evidencia que existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa p_valor= 0,00 entre la Unidad judicial Sur Valdivia y Riobamba con respecto al número de incumplimientos del principio de celeridad, siendo en Sur Valdivia de la ciudad de Guayaquil donde se presenta el mayor número de incumplimientos.

ABSTRACT The investigation analyzed from a critical and legal point of view the effect of compliance with the principle of speed and resolution 061-2020 when executing the summons, with respect to due process. The objective was to investigate, from the case-by-case behavior in the Family, Women, Children and Adolescents Judicial Units in Guayaquil city and Riobamba city, in December 2023, the doctrinal legal arguments to substantiate the need for changes in this resolution to avoid the dilatory effect that breaks the Principle of Procedural Speed in accordance with the provisions of art. 5 of the resolution. The work has a mixed approach with historical-logical, hermeneutic, inductive and deductive methods. The data were collected through structured surveys applied to the sample and the review of cases of non-compliance with procedural speed in the two Judicial Units under study. The procedural summons in matters of family proceedings is important, and its doctrinal content guarantees access to justice, protection of rights, preservation of evidence and efficiency of the judicial system. Its dogmatic content is based on access to justice, legal security, economy and procedural efficiency. 196 legal professionals were surveyed and 1,473 citation records were analyzed. The comparison of the Judicial Units under study shows that there is a statistically significant difference p_value= 0.00 between the Sur Valdivia and Riobamba judicial Unit with respect to the amount of non-compliance with the principle of speed, being in Sur Valdivia of the city of Guayaquil where it occurs the highest number of breaches.

RESUMEN La comprensión de los mecanismos para el desarrollo de la ascitis ha evolucionado a lo largo de los años, involucrando al hígado, peritoneo, corazón y riñones, pero no al intestino, como responsable clave en su formación. Poco se ha descripto tanto de su papel fisiopatológico como de las posibles alternativas terapéuticas clínicas y quirúrgicas. A fin de validar empíricamente este concepto se relata la situación de un hombre de 39 años, con trombosis aislada de la vena mesentérica superior y fallo intestinal. La necesidad de realizar una derivación quirúrgica nos llevó a construir un shunt desde una vena colateral de la mesentérica superior a la vena esplénica. La reducción de la presión del sistema mesentérico superior de 35 a 6 mm Hg sirvió para la resolución de los signos y síntomas clínicos en un mes. Este caso obliga a revisar conceptos fisiopatológicos básicos sobre la producción de ascitis, contribuye a la descripción de un nuevo tipo de shunt y amplía las opciones terapéuticas quirúrgicas en el tratamiento de la hipertensión venosa esplácnica.

ABSTRACT The understanding of the mechanisms for the development of ascites has evolved over the years to include the liver, peritoneum, heart and kidneys, but not the intestine, as key players in its formation. The pathophysiological role of the intestine as well as the possible clinical and surgical therapeutic options have been poorly described. In order to empirically validate this concept, we report the situation of a 39-year-old man with isolated thrombosis of the superior mesenteric vein and intestinal failure. The need to perform a surgical shunt led us to construct a shunt from a collateral vein of the superior mesenteric vein to the splenic vein. The reduction in pressure in the superior mesenteric venous system from 35 to 6 mm Hg resulted in resolution of clinical signs and symptoms within one month. This case study forces us to review the basic pathophysiological concepts of ascites formation, contributes to the description of a new type of shunt, and expands the surgical therapeutic options in the treatment of splanchnic venous hypertension.

RESUMEN: Anatomía Humana es el primer curso de especialización médica para estudiantes de medicina clínica y cultiva las virtudes de los estudiantes de medicina, ayudándolos a establecer los valores humanitarios. Por lo tanto, es crucial integrar la educación en valores humanísticos en el curso de anatomía humana. En los cursos de anatomía para estudiantes clínicos se utilizan avances en línea, aprendizaje grupal basado en problemas clínicos y conferencias teóricas en la educación anatómica que se integra con actividades extracurriculares para la educación de los valores humanos, como historias médicas clásicas, humanísticas grupales, cultivo de valores, una ceremonia en memoria de los "mentores silenciosos", concursos de dibujo morfológico y habilidades experimentales básicas, y actividades de bienestar público. Después de un año de implementación y análisis de investigación, se demostró que los estudiantes tenían una mayor disposición a participar en las actividades curriculares en este sistema de aprendizaje combinado, y estas actividades podrían estimular el interés de los estudiantes en el aprendizaje, lo que es beneficioso para el cultivo de habilidades profesionales y valores humanistas.

SUMMARY: Human Anatomy is the first medical specialization course for students of clinical medicine and cultivates the virtues of medical students, helping them to establish the humanitarian values. Therefore, integrating humanistic values education into the course of human anatomy is crucial. In anatomy courses for clinical students, online previews, group-based clinical problem- based learning, and theoretical lectures are used in anatomical education which is integrated with extracurricular activities for the education of human values, such as classical medical stories, group-based humanistic value cultivation, a memorial ceremony for "silent mentors", the morphological drawing and basic experimental skills competitions, and public welfare activities. After a year of implementation and investigation analysis, it was shown that students had a higher willingness to participate in the curriculum activities in this blended learning system, and these activities could stimulate students' interest in learning, which is beneficial to the cultivation of professional and humanistic values.

ABSTRACT Sports management includes the planning, organization, direction, execution and control of direct and indirect actions related to sport as a sociocultural and economic manifestation; requires prior analysis of the particularities that make up a specific management area; and based on this, development strategies are designed. Therefore, the objective was set to carry out a theoretical and methodological foundation on sports management in the Republic of Ecuador. The analysis-synthesis method was used to address the basic ideas related to the field of action of the research, describing that the sports system is structured in organizations that aim to satisfy the needs of sports practice and population physical activity. according to different functions that include support and regulation, and are related to social responsibility, quality of life, value formation and social integration. Strategic management allows sports organizations to design, apply and control strategies, aimed at achieving goals and competing within a constantly changing environment. Each entity is developed, in particular, with its components and contents, where its orientation towards the current trends that regulate the management of sport is recommended.

RESUMO A gestão desportiva inclui o planejamento, organização, direção, execução e controle das ações diretas e indiretas relacionadas ao esporte como manifestação sociocultural e econômica; exige análise prévia das particularidades que compõem uma determinada área de gestão; e com base nisso, são desenhadas estratégias de desenvolvimento. Portanto, objetivou-se realizar uma fundamentação teórica e metodológica sobre a gestão esportiva na República do Equador. O método de análise-síntese foi utilizado para abordar as ideias básicas relacionadas ao campo de atuação da pesquisa, descrevendo que o sistema esportivo está estruturado em organizações que visam satisfazer as necessidades da prática esportiva e da atividade física da população de acordo com as diferentes funções que desempenham. incluem apoio e regulação e estão relacionados com responsabilidade social, qualidade de vida, formação de valores e integração social. A gestão estratégica permite às organizações desportivas desenhar, aplicar e controlar estratégias, visando atingir objetivos e competir num ambiente em constante mudança. Cada entidade desenvolve-se, em particular, com as suas componentes e conteúdos, onde se recomenda a sua orientação para as tendências atuais que regulam a gestão desportiva.

RESUMEN La gestión deportiva incluye la planeación, organización, dirección, ejecución y control de acciones directas e indirectas, relacionadas con el deporte como manifestación sociocultural y económica; requiere del análisis previo de las particularidades que conforman un área específica de gestión; y en función de ello, se diseñan estrategias desarrolladoras. Por ello, se planteó como objetivo realizar una fundamentación teórica y metodológica sobre la gestión deportiva, en la República de Ecuador. Se utilizó el método de análisis-síntesis, para abordar las ideas básicas relacionadas con el campo de acción de la investigación, al describir que el sistema deportivo se estructura en organizaciones que pretenden satisfacer las necesidades de la práctica deportiva y de la actividad física poblacional, según diferentes funciones que incluyen apoyo y regulación, y se relacionan con la responsabilidad social, la calidad de vida, la formación de valores y la integración social. La gestión estratégica permite a las organizaciones deportivas diseñar, aplicar y controlar estrategias, orientadas al logro de metas y competir dentro de un entorno en constante cambio. Cada entidad se desarrolla, en particular, con sus componentes y contenidos, donde se recomienda su orientación hacia las tendencias actuales que norman la gestión del deporte.

Abstract The ‘Blue Book’: a Future for Family Medicine in Portugal, edited in 1990 by the Portuguese Association of General Practice and Family Medicine, influenced the subsequent years and built the foundation for the Primary Healthcare Reform, initiated in 2005, but not fully implemented. In the current moment of low professional satisfaction, reviewing the principles that should guide family medicine in the future is important. The family doctor is the individual’s physician, who accompanies people's health throughout their life. Family doctors are specialists in primary healthcare and act according to the core values of family medicine as defined by the WONCA. Their actions form the basis of the health system and are associated with better health outcomes. Therefore, their actions must be centred on the person and the provision of differentiated care, reducing bureaucratic tasks and those with low health value. Physical spaces, equipment, and human resources should be adequately ensured, including the adjustment of the size of patients’ lists to ensure quality and dignified work by the Family Doctor, in every working setting. The Portuguese Association of General Practice and Family Medicine advocates for a performance-based remuneration model appropriate to the family doctor’s activity that compensates and prioritizes value-based healthcare, focusing their actions on the individual and reducing inefficiencies and duplications. This model is based on a new, simplified, and modern quality system grounded in the classic Structure - Process - Results framework but considering the dimensions of patient and professional satisfaction and adequately rewarding clinical work, teamwork, and citizen-centeredness. The present document is an adaptation and translation into English of the book 'A New Future for General and Family Medicine', edited by the Portuguese Association of General Practice and Family Medicine, in 2023.

Resumo O Livro Azul: um futuro para a Medicina de Família em Portugal, editado em 1990 pela Associação Portuguesa de Médicos de Clínica Geral, marcou os anos seguintes e conceptualizou a Reforma dos Cuidados de Saúde Primários, iniciada em 2005, mas não implementada na totalidade. No momento atual de insatisfação profissional é importante rever os princípios que nortearão a medicina geral e familiar no futuro. O médico de família é Médico da Pessoa. É nessa condição que faz o acompanhamento médico ao longo da sua vida. É especialista em cuidados de saúde primários e atua de acordo com os valores da medicina de família definidos pela WONCA. A sua ação é a base do sistema de saúde em que atua e está associada a melhores resultados de saúde. É, por isso, fundamental que a sua ação seja centralizada na pessoa e na prestação de cuidados diferenciados a esta, reduzindo as tarefas burocráticas e de baixo valor em saúde. Devem ser dadas condições materiais, de espaços físicos e de recursos humanos, incluindo adequação do tamanho das listas para garantir um trabalho digno e de qualidade ao médico de família. A APMGF defende um modelo de remuneração pelo desempenho adequado à atividade do médico de família que compense e priorize o valor em saúde, que centre a sua ação na pessoa e que reduza as ineficiências e duplicações. Este modelo assenta num novo sistema da qualidade simplificado e moderno assente no clássico Estrutura - Processo - Resultados, mas que considere as dimensões de satisfação de utentes e profissionais e que compense adequadamente o trabalho clínico, em equipa e centralidade do cidadão. O presente documento é uma adaptação e tradução para inglês do livro “Um Novo Futuro para a Medicina Geral e Familiar”, editado pela Associação Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar, em 2023.