ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the perception and degree of satisfaction of blind individuals regarding an electronic cane prototype with a wearable haptic interface. Methods: Two scenarios with different obstacles were created to conduct tests with the canes (the user’s cane and the prototype one). The perception and satisfaction of participants regarding the electronic cane were assessed using a questionnaire, the number of collisions during the tests, and the time each individual took to complete the course in each scenario. Results: Ten blind individuals who used the white cane participated in this study. Eight were males, and two were females. Their age ranged from 23 to 43 (average 32.3 ± 7.13 years and median 32 years). There was a tendency for fewer collisions with ground obstacles when the electronic cane was used than when the white cane was used. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the number of collisions and the course completion time in each scenario with either canes tested. Conclusion: Overall, the perception and satisfaction of individuals regarding the prototype used were positive. Purpose interface Methods users user s one. one . one) questionnaire Results males females 2 4 average 323 3 32. 713 7 13 7.1 years. years) However tested Conclusion Overall positive 71 1 7.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever como aplicativos de smartphone podem contribuir para o gerenciamento de quadros de epilepsia em crianças e adolescentes. Fontes de dados: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados Medline; PubMed e SciELO, com base nos descritores “epilepsy” e “smartphone”. Foram incluídos estudos originais publicados entre 2017–2023 em português ou inglês que respondessem à pergunta de investigação. Teses e dissertações, estudos duplicados, revisões de literatura e estudos que não responderam à questão de pesquisa foram excluídos. Síntese dos dados: Foram localizados 178 estudos, dos quais seis foram selecionados para compor esta revisão. A amostra incluiu 731 participantes (631 infantojuvenis com epilepsia e 100 cuidadores). Os aplicativos permitem a coleta da frequência de convulsões; momento e o tipo de crise; lembretes para a administração de medicamentos; e informações sobre a qualidade do sono, sendo capazes de armazenar esses dados para profissionais da saúde, cuidadores e usuários acompanharem a evolução do quadro. Conclusões: O uso de aplicativos no manejo das convulsões de crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia apresenta resultados promissores ao promoverem um monitoramento contínuo e personalizado. Novos estudos são necessários para otimizar os resultados benéficos e superar desafios. Objetivo Tratase Trata se Medline SciELO epilepsy “epilepsy smartphone. . “smartphone” 20172023 2017 2023 2017–202 investigação dissertações duplicados excluídos 17 73 631 (63 10 cuidadores. cuidadores) crise medicamentos sono saúde quadro Conclusões personalizado desafios “smartphone 2017202 201 202 2017–20 1 7 63 (6 201720 20 2017–2 6 ( 20172 2 2017–

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe how smartphone applications can contribute to the management of epilepsy in children and adolescents. Data source: This is an integrative review conducted on the Medline, PubMed, and SciELO databases, based on the descriptors “epilepsy” and “smartphone.” Original studies published between 2017–2023 in Portuguese or English that addressed the research question were included. Theses and dissertations, duplicate studies, literature reviews, and studies that did not answer the research question were excluded. Data synthesis: A total of 178 studies were located, of which six were selected for this review. The sample included 731 participants (631 children and adolescents with epilepsy and 100 caregivers). The applications allow for the collection of seizure frequency; timing and type of crisis; reminders for medication administration; and information about sleep quality. They can store these data for healthcare professionals, caregivers, and users to monitor the progress of the condition. Conclusions: The use of applications in managing seizures in children and adolescents with epilepsy shows promising results by promoting continuous and personalized monitoring. Further studies are needed to optimize beneficial outcomes and overcome challenges. Objective source Medline PubMed databases “epilepsy smartphone. “smartphone. 20172023 2017 2023 2017–202 dissertations reviews excluded synthesis 17 located 73 631 (63 10 caregivers. caregivers . caregivers) frequency crisis administration quality professionals condition Conclusions monitoring challenges “smartphone 2017202 201 202 2017–20 1 7 63 (6 201720 20 2017–2 6 ( 20172 2 2017–

ABSTRACT Purpose: To develop a simple, subjective, and reliable grading scale for isotretinoin-induced meibography changes. Methods: After analyzing meibography images obtained from systemic isotretinoin users, a grading scale was proposed and named “meibography health score.” The score ranged from 1 to 3, with decreasing gland reflectivity and identifiable margins. A total of 11 medical professionals were asked to grade 10 meibography images obtained from isotretinoin users using the proposed scale and were divided into three groups: (A) ophthalmologists with experience with meibography, (B) ophthalmologists with no experience with meibography, and (C) radiologists. The kappa statistic was determined to test interrater reliability. Results: The overall kappa was approximately 0.64. The kappa scores for Groups A, B, and C were 0.78, 0.59, and 0.90, respectively. Grade 2 had the lowest kappa scores (0.62, 0.35, and 0.82 for A, B, and C, respectively) and grade 3 the highest (0.78, 0.90, and 1.0 for A, B and C, respectively). Furthermore, Group C had the highest kappa scores and Group B the lowest. Conclusion: The meibography health score exhibited good interrater reliability, particularly in severe cases. Purpose simple subjective isotretinoininduced induced changes Methods score. margins groups (A (B (C radiologists reliability Results 064 0 64 0.64 078 78 0.78 059 59 0.59 090 90 0.90 respectively 0.62, 062 62 (0.62 035 35 0.35 082 82 0.8 (0.78 1. . Furthermore Conclusion cases 06 6 0.6 07 7 0.7 05 5 0.5 09 9 0.9 0.62 (0.6 03 0.3 08 8 0. (0.7 (0. (0 (

Abstract This study aims to analyse the influence of the operation mode and demographic and anthropometric variables on the self-assessed productivity of users of mixed-mode and fully air-conditioned buildings in Florianópolis, southern Brazil. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected using electronic questionnaires made available to users. A total of 1,247 responses were recorded. The influence of the mode of operation on productivity was analysed using histograms. A predictive model was developed by means of linear and quadratic regressions to identify the environmental and demographic/anthropometric parameters influencing productivity. It was observed no influence of hybrid buildings or those with central air-conditioning systems on the perception of productivity. Although the predictive model did not show a good ability to explain users’ performance, it showed statistical correlations between productivity and operative temperature, gender and age. It was concluded that office users’ perception of productivity is affected by the configuration of environments in the humid subtropical climate of Florianópolis. selfassessed self assessed mixedmode mixed airconditioned air conditioned Florianópolis Brazil 1247 1 247 1,24 recorded histograms demographicanthropometric airconditioning conditioning performance temperature age 124 24 1,2 12 2 1,

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a influência do modo de operação e de variáveis demográficas e antropométricas na produtividade autoavaliada de usuários de edificações de escritório com sistema de ventilação híbrido e central, em Florianópolis - SC. Os dados demográficos e antropométricos foram coletados por meio de questionários eletrônicos. A influência do modo de operação na produtividade foi analisada por meio de histogramas. Um modelo preditivo foi desenvolvido por meio de regressões lineares e quadráticas para identificar os parâmetros ambientais e demográficos/antropométricos que exercem influência na produtividade. Os resultados mostraram que não houve distinção da influência exercida por edificações híbridas ou com sistema de ar-condicionado central na percepção da produtividade. Apesar de o modelo preditivo não ter apresentado boa capacidade de explicar o desempenho dos usuários, evidenciou correlações estatísticas entre produtividade e temperatura operativa, gênero e idade. Concluiu-se que a percepção de produtividade dos usuários de escritórios é afetada pela configuração dos ambientes no clima subtropical úmido de Florianópolis. SC eletrônicos histogramas demográficosantropométricos arcondicionado ar condicionado operativa idade Concluiuse Concluiu se

RESUMEN Las cuatro misiones de la Universidad hacen que esta tenga un papel importante en el desarrollo económico y social a través de la formación del capital humano. Entre las misiones, se encuentran la enseñanza y la investigación. La enseñanza debe llevarse a cabo por medio de la investigación para generar las bases del conocimiento y el desarrollo de este. Además, debe generar el uso del conocimiento, su preservación y difusión mediante la interacción con usuarios. Por eso, se indagó en: 1) la formación de los estudiantes universitarios de Encarnación con relación a la CTI; 2) el índice de universidades de Encarnación que realizan transferencia de conocimiento; 3) la relación entre las MIPYMES y las universidades de Encarnación. Metodológicamente, se trabajó con la metodología cuantitativa-método descriptivo. Se aplicó una encuesta a directivos de 4 universidades privadas de la ciudad. Los resultados dan cuenta de la falta de capital humano calificado en I+D+i dentro de las universidades estudiadas, hecho que dificulta la implementación de las oficinas de transferencia de conocimiento (OTRI) pues la formación relacionada a la investigación e innovación se ven limitadas al no desarrollarse en todos los años de cursada, siendo esto, a nivel de grado y posgrado, además de la escasa actividad de vinculación con el medio. Estos hallazgos resaltan la limitada capacidad para generar nuevos conocimientos contextualizados a la realidad local y a su posterior aplicación eficiente.

ABSTRACT The four missions of the University give it an important role in economic and social development through the formation of human capital. Among the missions are teaching and research. Teaching must be carried out through research to generate the bases of knowledge and its development. It must also generate the use of knowledge, its preservation and dissemination through interaction with users. Therefore, we investigated: 1) the training of university students in Encarnación in relation to STI; 2) the index of universities in Encarnación that carry out knowledge transfer; 3) the relationship between MSMEs and universities in Encarnación. Methodologically, we worked with the quantitative methodology - descriptive method. A sur- vey was applied to managers of 4 private universities in the city. The results show the lack of qualified human capital in R+D+i within the universities studied, a fact that hinders the implementation of knowledge transfer offices (OTRI), since training related to research and innovation is limited because it is not developed in all the years of study, both at the undergraduate and graduate levels, in addition to the limited activity of linking with the environment. These findings highlight the limited capacity to generate new knowledge contextualized to the local reality and its subsequent efficient application.

Abstract: Healthcare buildings can be complicated to navigate, causing patients to experience stress and lose time if not adequately planned. This study aims to identify the relationship between the spatial layout in healthcare buildings and wayfinding for users, by utilizing Behavioral Sequence Analysis (BSA) and Space Syntax through Immersive Virtual Reality (iVR). The methodology is based on behavioral and spatial data and was tested by using the experimental setups in VR environments. Space syntax analysis is applied to collect spatial data. Experiments were conducted by assigning wayfinding tasks in virtual hospitals with various plan configurations. Behavioral data obtained from BSA was associated with the spatial data driven by the space syntax analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of the participants' wayfinding behavior. The results indicate that the semi-centralized floor plan layout with high visibility levels performs better in wayfinding while the decentralized layout with low visibility values performs worse.

Resumen: Los edificios de atención médica pueden ser complicados de navegar, causando estrés y pérdida de tiempo a los pacientes si no están planificados adecuadamente. Este estudio busca identificar la relación entre la disposición espacial en estos edificios y la orientación de los usuarios, utilizando Análisis de Secuencia Comportamental (BSA) y Sintaxis Espacial a través de Realidad Virtual Inmersiva (iVR). La metodología se basa en datos comportamentales y espaciales, probada en configuraciones experimentales en entornos de iRV. El análisis de sintaxis espacial se emplea para recopilar datos. Se realizaron experimentos con tareas de orientación en hospitales virtuales con diversas configuraciones de plano. Los datos conductuales del BSA se asociaron con los datos espaciales, obteniendo una comprensión completa del comportamiento de orientación. Los resultados indican que la disposición semi-centralizada con alta visibilidad es más eficaz en la orientación, mientras que la distribución descentralizada con baja visibilidad lo es menos.

Abstract: The bioclimatic quality of three buildings by architect Gilberto Gatto Sobral at Universidad Central del Ecuador was evaluated with two objectives: to find problems that might affect users’ health and productivity, and to establish if climate had a significant role in the design of these buildings The buildings included two faculties: Law and Economics, and the General Administration. Bioclimatic quality was established by comparing existing levels of temperature, relative humidity, and natural light against comfort standards and the local climate. Data were measured over two years in space samples using data loggers. It was concluded that all buildings have spaces outside of comfort being too cold and dark; and climate played a minor role because despite attempts to control natural light, the thermal behavior of materials and the sun's apparent movement were ignored.

Resumen: Se hizo una evaluación de la calidad bioclimática de tres edificios del arquitecto Gilberto Gatto Sobral en la Universidad Central del Ecuador con dos objetivos: encontrar evidencia sobre posibles problemas en los espacios que podrían afectar la salud y productividad de sus usuarios, y determinar si el clima tuvo un papel significativo en el diseño de estos edificios. Los edificios eran dos facultades: Jurisprudencia y Economía, y la Administración General. La calidad bioclimática se estableció a través de la comparación de los niveles existentes de temperatura, humedad relativa y luz natural contra estándares de confort y el clima local. Los datos fueron medidos en muestras de espacios usando data-loggers. Se concluyó que todos los edificios tienen espacios fuera del confort siendo demasiado fríos y oscuros; y el clima tuvo un rol menor debido a que se ignoró el comportamiento térmico de los materiales y el movimiento aparente del sol, pero se intentó controlar la luz natural.

Abstract Open innovation proposes information exchanges between the company and external stakeholders to improve the results of innovation processes. In this work we adopt the open innovation approach to enhance a company’s innovation performance by implementing co-creation practices with customers. To do this, we rely on design thinking, a framework focusing on the relationship with end users, and adopt action research as a research methodology. The research is carried out in a service SME, characterised by being knowledge-intensive and offering innovative and customised services with high value added. We identify several co-creation practices and examine their degree of adoption by the company and prioritise those that should be implemented. For academics, this work contributes to increase the stock of knowledge on co-creation in the context of SMEs. The study offers valuable insights to practitioners into how an innovation framework that incorporates co-creation practices helps to improve the firm's innovation results, while presenting a methodology that facilitates collaboration with researchers on innovation projects.

Resumen La innovación abierta propone el intercambio de información entre la empresa y su entorno externo para mejorar los resultados de su proceso de innovación. En este trabajo adoptamos el enfoque de la innovación abierta para mejorar los resultados de innovación de una empresa mediante la aplicación de prácticas de co-creación con los clientes. Para ello, nos basamos en design thinking, un marco de trabajo centrado en la relación con el usuario final, y adoptamos la investigación-acción como metodología de investigación. La investigación se lleva a cabo en una PYME de servicios, caracterizada por ser intensiva en conocimiento y ofrecer servicios innovadores y personalizados de alto valor añadido. Se identifican una serie de prácticas de co-creación, se examina su grado de adopción por parte de la empresa y se priorizan las que deben ser implementadas. Este trabajo es de interés para el ámbito académico porque cubre brechas de investigación relacionadas con la co-creación en el contexto de una PYME y el uso de la metodología de investigación-acción en la gestión de la innovación. Para los profesionales, por una parte ofrece conocimientos sobre un nuevo marco de innovación que incorpora prácticas de co-creación para mejorar sus resultados, y por otra presenta una metodología que facilita la colaboración con investigadores en proyectos de innovación.

Resumen: Introducción: En inicios del año 2015 se implementa el convenio de complementación público-privado entre los dos principales prestadores del Departamento de San José - Uruguay: AMSJ y ASSE San José, conformándose así la Unidad Departamental de Medicina Paliativa de San José (UDMP). El convenio tiene como principal objetivo asegurar la asistencia paliativa a todos los usuarios de los prestadores involucrados con los principios fundamentales de calidad, equidad y accesibilidad, siguiendo los lineamientos del Plan Nacional de Cuidados Paliativos del Ministerio de Salud Pública de Uruguay. El objetivo es describir y analizar la experiencia de la implementación del primer modelo de complementación público-privado del país en Cuidados Paliativos (CP). Metodología: Estudio descriptivo analítico, retrospectivo que incluye datos de los primeros siete años de funcionamiento del convenio. Resultados: El convenio de complementación público-privado en el Departamento de San José, permitió la creación de un equipo interdisciplinario que asistió en forma continua a 1422 pacientes provenientes de zonas urbanas y rurales, portadores de diversas patologías. La cobertura departamental de CP aumentó de forma significativa, pasando de 24 % en 2014 a 57% en 2021. Estos resultados se lograron implementando un modelo de asistencia paliativa que asegura la continuidad asistencial en internación, consultorio y domicilio, que permitió respetar la autonomía del paciente, logrando el fallecimiento de 67% de los pacientes en su hogar. La satisfacción de usuarios y familiares de la asistencia brindada fue evaluada como muy buena. Conclusiones: El convenio de complementación resultó ser una herramienta eficiente para favorecer el acceso a CP, evitando la superposición de equipos en la asistencia domiciliaria en todo el departamento de San José.

Resumo: Introdução: No início de 2015, foi implementado o acordo de complementaridade público-privado entre os dois principais prestadores do Departamento de San José Uruguai: AMSJ e ASSE San José, formando assim a Unidade Departamental de Medicina Paliativa de San José (UDMP). O principal objetivo do acordo é garantir cuidados paliativos a todos os usuários dos prestadores envolvidos, com os princípios fundamentais de qualidade, equidade e acessibilidade, seguindo as diretrizes do Plano Nacional de Cuidados Paliativos do Ministério de Saúde Pública do Uruguai. El objetivo es descrever e analisar a experiência de implementação do primeiro modelo de complementação público-privada em Cuidados Paliativos (CP) do país. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, analítico, retrospectivo que inclui dados dos primeiros sete anos de vigência do convênio. Resultados: O acordo de complementação público-privada no Departamento de San José permitiu a criação de uma equipe interdisciplinar que atendeu continuamente 1.422 pacientes de áreas urbanas e rurais, com diversas patologias. A cobertura departamental do CP aumentou significativamente, de 24% em 2014 para 57% em 2021. Estes resultados foram alcançados através da implementação de um modelo de cuidados paliativos que garante a continuidade dos cuidados no internamento, no consultório e no domicílio, o que permitiu respeitar a autonomia do doente, atingindo a morte de 67% dos doentes no domicílio. A satisfação dos usuários e familiares com a assistência prestada foi avaliada como muito boa. Conclusões: O convênio de complementação revelou-se uma ferramenta eficiente para promover o acesso à CP, evitando a sobreposição de equipes na atenção domiciliar em todo o departamento de San José.

Abstract: Introduction: At the beginning of 2015, the public-private complementarity agreement was implemented between the two main providers of the Department of San José Uruguay: AMSJ and ASSE San José, thus forming the Departmental Unit of Palliative Medicine of San José (UDMP). The main objective of the agreement is to ensure palliative care to all users of the providers involved, with the fundamental principles of quality, equity and accessibility, following the guidelines of the National Palliative Care Plan of the Ministry of Public Health of Uruguay. The objective is describe and analyze the experience of implementing the country's first public-private complementation model in Palliative Care (PC). Methodology: Descriptive, analytical, retrospective study that includes data from the first seven years of operation of the agreement. Results: The public-private complementation agreement in the Department of San José allowed the creation of an interdisciplinary team that continuously assisted 1,422 patients from urban and rural areas, with various pathologies. Departmental CP coverage increased significantly, from 24% in 2014 to 57% in 2021. These results were achieved by implementing a palliative care model that ensures continuity of care in hospitalization, office and home, which allowed the patient's autonomy to be respected, achieving the death of 67% of patients at home. The satisfaction of users and family members with the assistance provided was evaluated as very good. Conclusions: The complementation agreement turned out to be an efficient tool to promote access to CP, avoiding the overlap of teams in home care throughout the department of San José.

Abstract Currently, social media (SM) have evolved beyond their initial purpose, reshaping social and political interactions. This study explores the effect of SM on the circulation of political information in Portoviejo, Ecuador. It examines how SM affects the dissemination and reception of this type of content in the region. Specific objectives included identifying the most used SM platforms, evaluating the predominant political content formats, and measuring their impact on users' political opinions. To this end, a mixed-methodological approach was adopted, both cross-sectional and prospective, and an anonymous survey was conducted, whose results were validated using concordance coefficients and Cronbach's Alpha. The findings reveal a preference for platforms like Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube, a diversity in types of multimedia content, exposure to varied political perspectives, and a notable influence on citizens' opinions and electoral decisions. Differences in online interaction levels and in the enrichment of political discourse were also detected, varying according to demographic and generational factors. These results provide a deeper understanding of the political environment in Portoviejo, offering crucial data for making informed political decisions and implementing effective strategies in the current digital context.

Resumen Actualmente, las redes sociales (RS) han evolucionado más allá de su propósito inicial, reconfigurando las interacciones sociales y políticas. Este estudio explora el efecto de las RS en la circulación de información política en Portoviejo, Ecuador. Se investiga cómo las RS afectan la difusión y recepción de este tipo de contenidos en la región. Los objetivos específicos incluyeron la identificación de las plataformas de RS más utilizadas, la evaluación de los formatos de contenido político predominantes y la medición de su impacto en las opiniones políticas de los usuarios. Para ello, se adoptó un enfoque metodológico mixto, tanto transversal como prospectivo, y se llevó a cabo una encuesta anónima cuyos resultados fueron validados mediante coeficientes de concordancia y el Alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados revelan una preferencia por plataformas como Facebook, Instagram, TikTok y YouTube, una diversidad en los tipos de contenidos multimedia, una exposición a variadas perspectivas políticas, y una notable influencia en las opiniones y decisiones electorales de los ciudadanos. También se detectaron diferencias en los niveles de interacción online y en el enriquecimiento del discurso político, variando según factores demográficos y generacionales. Estos resultados aportan una mayor comprensión del entorno político en Portoviejo, ofreciendo datos cruciales para la formulación de decisiones políticas informadas y la implementación de estrategias efectivas en el contexto digital actual.

Abstract: One of the most recent and important changes in power distribution systems is self-consumption, activity in which one or several users install equipment (typically solar panels) to generate their own electricity and, in some cases, inject surplus energy into the grid. These users require a bidirectional meter, which does not register the active energy of all the load, making difficult the assessment of its power factor. This paper presents a methodology to assess the power factor in users with power generation equipment for self-consumption. The methodology details the measurement equipment needed, the steps to calculate the load’s average power factor, and, for some cases, the penalization method. The results indicate that the proposed methodology isolates correctly the power generation effect from the power factor calculation, and this, in turn, avoids incorrect penalties.

Resumen: Uno de los cambios más recientes e importantes en las redes de distribución de energía eléctrica es el autoabastecimiento, actividad en la que uno o varios usuarios instalan equipos (usualmente panales fotovoltaicos e inversores) para generar su propia energía eléctrica, autoabastecerse y, en algunos casos, inyectar excedentes de energía a la red. Estos usuarios requieren de un medidor bidireccional, el cual no registra la energía activa de toda la carga, haciendo difícil la evaluación de su factor de potencia. Este artículo presenta una metodología para la evaluación del factor de potencia en un usuarios con autoabastecimiento. La metodología detalla los equipos de medición necesarios, los pasos para calcular el factor de potencia medio mensual de la carga, y, para los casos necesarios, el método de penalización por bajo factor de potencia. Los resultados muestran que, la metodología propuesta aísla correctamente el efecto de la generación del cálculo del factor de potencia, y esto, a su vez, evita penalizaciones incorrectas.

Abstract: The integration of electric mobility is real nowadays. Government policies increasingly focus on encouraging the use of electric vehicles (EVs); particularly, replacing conventional public mobility with electric buses. An adequate energy management of electric bus systems must optimize resource usage, and extend the lifespan of transport units and charging stations, while providing quality service to users. The performance of the EV transport system depends on various deterministic and stochastic variables that need to be accurately simulated to analyze its behavior as closely as possible to real conditions. In this study, a model for the energy analysis of EVs has been implemented, by using the software SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) and applying it to public transport routes in Quito, Ecuador. Through the executed simulations, energy consumption has been estimated and, a sensitivity analysis of the energy consumption of electric bus units to the variations in relevant parameters in the energy management of public transport systems, has been carried out. The impact of certain parameters on energy consumption has been verified, by indicating a significant decrease in the autonomy of EVs on the simulated route under very similar to reality operating conditions. For study case, autonomy reduction of electric bus is around 27% in comparison with manufacturer's specifications. The analysis of energy performance under various traffic scenarios will allow future optimizations of the electric public transport system operation, since traffic levels, variable traffic flow, and pronounced changes in terrain elevation, are considered.

Resumen: La integración de la movilidad eléctrica es una realidad en el mundo actual, las políticas gubernamentales se enfocan cada vez más en incentivar el uso de vehículos eléctricos (VE) particulares, pero, principalmente en reemplazar la movilidad pública convencional por el uso de buses eléctricos. Una adecuada gestión energética de los sistemas de buses eléctricos debe optimizar el uso de recursos, prolongando la vida útil de las unidades de transporte, estaciones de carga y brindando siempre un servicio de calidad a sus usuarios. El desempeño del sistema de transporte mediante VE depende de diversas variables determinísticas y estocásticas que necesitan ser debidamente simuladas a fin de analizar su comportamiento, lo más cercano a las condiciones reales. En el presente trabajo, mediante la aplicación del software SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility), se ha implementado un modelo para el análisis energético de VE y se lo ha aplicado en rutas de transporte público en Quito-Ecuador. A partir de las simulaciones realizadas se ha estimado el consumo energético y se ha efectuado un análisis de sensibilidad del consumo energético de las unidades de buses eléctricos ante variaciones de parámetros relevantes en la gestión energética de sistemas de transporte público. Para el caso de estudio se comprueba la reducción de la autonomía del bus eléctrico en 27% de acuerdo con la información del fabricante. El análisis del desempeño energético realizado bajo diversos escenarios de tráfico permitirá en futuros trabajos optimizar la operación de los sistemas de transporte público eléctrico, considerando niveles de tráfico, flujo vehicular variable y pronunciados desniveles en su relieve.

RESUMEN La industria del tabaco, como cualquier otra, es participe del producto interno bruto y la generación de empleo en cualquier país. No obstante, los gobiernos han establecido mecanismos fiscales para erradicar su consumo, debido a las enfermedades que ocasiona como cáncer pulmonar, bronquitis crónica; lo que puede llevar a la muerte. En este sentido, se propone una aplicación de un modelo de externalidades para la producción de tabaco en México. Se obtuvieron dos mecanismos para la erradicación del tabaco, uno de ellos implica que las empresas disminuyan salarios de los trabajadores por el aumento de impuestos; el segundo, aumentar precios del tabaco permitiendo que las empresas equilibren su presupuesto. Ambos mecanismos implican un desajuste presupuestal para los ciudadanos, pero el segundo es una solución socialmente optima, pues solo se ven afectados los consumidores de tabaco y no así los que dependen del empleo y salario de la empresa.

ABSTRACT The tobacco industry, like any other, is a participant in the gross domestic product and the generation of employment in any country. However, governments have established fiscal mechanisms to eradicate its consumption, due to the diseases it causes such as lung cancer, chronic bronchitis; what can lead to death. In this sense, an application of an externalities model for tobacco production in Mexico is proposed. Two mechanisms were obtained for the eradication of tobacco; one of them implies that companies reduce workers' wages due to the increase in taxes. A second is to increase tobacco prices allowing companies to balance their budget. Both mechanisms imply a budget imbalance for citizens, but the second is a socially optimal solution, since only tobacco users are affected and not those who depend on the company's employment and salary.

Abstract: The use of e-commerce to enhance consumer relationships is becoming increasingly important in the information society. The constant development of technologies allows existing platforms to benefit from their characteristics; however, these advancements also bring various legal issues that must be addressed to protect users' interests and rights. Blockchain technology is revolutionizing B2C electronic relations due to its transnational nature, decentralization, guarantee of trust, immutability, and one of its most distinctive functionalities: smart contracts. These agreements are characterized by their automation and self-execution, features that can conflict with existing consumer and user legislation. Additionally, the opportunities provided by Blockchain, such as allowing users to act anonymously, may contradict regulations concerning the determination of international judicial jurisdiction and the applicable law for B2C consumer legal relationships. This work aims to analyze the applicability of smart contracts in e-commerce, particularly for B2C companies, and to study the potential issues they pose for current regulations, in order to determine whether these regulations need to be adapted for these technologies

Resumen: El uso del comercio electrónico para celebrar relaciones de consumo cada vez toma más protagonismo en la sociedad de la información. El constante desarrollo de las tecnologías hace que las plataformas existentes puedan beneficiarse de sus características; sin embargo, también traen consigo diferentes cuestiones jurídicas que deben mitigarse a fin de proteger los intereses y derechos de los usuarios. La tecnología blockchain es una de las tecnologías que viene a revolucionar el ámbito de las relaciones electrónicas B2C gracias a su carácter transnacional, descentralización, garantía de confianza, inmutabilidad y a una de sus funcionalidades más características: los smart contracts. Este tipo de acuerdos se distinguen por su automatización y autoejecución, caracteres que a priori pueden poner en riesgo la legislación existente sobre consumidores y usuarios. Asimismo, las oportunidades que brinda blockchain de cara a que los usuarios puedan actuar de forma irreconocible puede poner en jaque la normativa encargada de determinar la competencia judicial internacional y la ley aplicable a las relaciones jurídicas de consumo B2C. Este trabajo analiza la aplicabilidad de los smart contracts en el ámbito del comercio electrónico, en especial en el de empresas con consumidores (B2C) y estudiar los posibles inconvenientes que generan sobre la normativa existente a fin de analizar si es necesario adaptar la legislación a estas tecnologías

Resumo: A utilização do comércio eletrônico para efetivar relações de consumo assume cada vez mais um papel central na sociedade da informação. O constante desenvolvimento das tecnologias faz com que as plataformas existentes possam beneficiar-se das suas características, no entanto, também trazem consigo diversas questões jurídicas que devem ser mitigadas de forma a proteger os interesses e direitos dos usuários. A tecnologia blockchain é uma das tecnologias que veio revolucionar o campo das relações eletrônicas B2C graças ao seu carácter transnacional, descentralização, garantia de confiança, imutabilidade e uma das suas funcionalidades mais características, os smart contracts. Estes tipos de acordos distinguem-se pela sua automatização e auto-execução, características que, a priori, podem colocar em risco a legislação existente sobre consumidores e usuários. Da mesma forma, as oportunidades que o Blockchain oferece para que os usuários possam agir de forma irreconhecível podem colocar em xeque os regulamentos encarregados de determinar a competência judicial internacional e a lei aplicável às relações jurídicas de consumo B2C. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a aplicabilidade dos smart contracts no campo do comércio eletrônico, especialmente o de empresas com consumidores (B2C) e estudar os possíveis inconvenientes que eles geram sobre a regulamentação existente, a fim de analisar se é necessário adaptar a legislação a estas tecnologias

Resumen:El presente estudio analiza los principales factores que tienen influencia en el consumo de agua potable, así como los patrones de consumo horario del recurso hídrico en zonas residenciales de la parroquia El Rosario. Se aplicó un estudio de caracterización urbanística por medio de fichas técnicas y análisis estadístico que denotan 3 estratificaciones en el sector (B, C y D). Se aplicaron encuestas para conocer factores que inciden en el consumo de agua potable y se realizó el registro horario de lecturas de 219 medidores de agua durante 24 horas los 7 días de la semana. El consumo de agua potable registrado presenta incrementos que tienen dependencia a factores como el número de usuarios que disponen del servicio, tipo de residencia, unidades sanitarias en uso y otras características externas. Se obtuvieron curvas de consumo horarias para cada red de distribución y los coeficientes de variación de consumo horario máximos y mínimos. Los caudales máximos ocurren a las 13h00 con 94.76 l/h y a las 19h00 con 73.46 l/h, el coeficiente máximo de variación de consumo horario (Kh_max) es de 3.44, valor que sobrepasa lo establecido en la normativa nacional vigente CPE INEN 5 (1992); los valores de los coeficientes máximos de cada barrio se presentan mediante digitalización georreferenciada.

Abstract:This study analyzes the main factors that influence drinking water consumption, as well as the hourly water consumption patterns in residential areas of El Rosario parish. A study of urban characterization was applied by means of technical data sheets and statistical analysis that showed 3 stratifications in the sector (B, C and D). Surveys were conducted to determine the factors that affect drinking water consumption, and an hourly record was made of readings of 219 water meters 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The consumption of drinking water recorded showed increases that depend on factors such as the number of users who have the service, type of residence, sanitary units in use and other external characteristics. Hourly consumption curves were obtained for each distribution network and the coefficients of variation of maximum and minimum hourly consumption. The maximum flows occur at 13h00 with 94.76 l/h and at 19h00 with 73.46 l/h, the maximum coefficient of variation of hourly consumption (Kh_max) is 3.44, a value that exceeds that established in the current national regulation CPE INEN 5 (1992); the values of the maximum coefficients of each neighborhood are presented through georeferenced digitalization.