Resumo Ainfluência do comportamento dos usuários em edificações é amplamente discutida como uma das causas para discrepâncias entre consumos energéticos esperados, durante a fase de projeto, e consumos durante a operação. Conhecer os principais motivadores para ajustes nos sistemas de edificações é imprescindível para aprimorar a modelagem desses comportamentos. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os principais agentes motivadores para o ajuste das janelas, luminárias e aparelhos de ar-condicionado em escritórios. Dois escritórios foram monitorados por meio de sensores que coletaram dados de qualidade do ambiente interno e comportamento de usuário. Foram consideradas influentes para a interação com sistemas de janelas a pluviometria e as temperaturas do ar externo e interno. O aumento das temperaturas interna e externa apresentou ainda mais influência na interaçãocom aparelhos de ar-condicionado. Duas foram as principais conclusões: há influência do layout dos escritórios no compartilhamento e controle das janelas e eficiência de estratégias passivas, como o uso de ventilação natural e cruzada; e há influência do aumento da temperatura interna em comparação à externa na previsibilidade de abertura de janelas e acionamento de aparelhos de ar-condicionado. esperados projeto operação comportamentos arcondicionado condicionado usuário arcondicionado. condicionado. conclusões passivas cruzada

Abstract The influence of occupant behaviour in buildings is widely discussed as one of the causes for the gap between energy use estimated via computer simulation and during building operation. Knowing the main drivers for adjustments in building systems is essential to guide the development of mathematical models for such behaviours. The aim of this study is to evaluate the main motivating agents for adjusting windows, luminaires, and air-conditioning in offices. Two offices were monitored using sensors that collected data from the internal environment and user interaction with such systems. Rainfall and external and internal air temperatures were considered influential for the interaction with window systems. The increase in internal and external temperatures had even more influence on interactions with air-conditioners. The main conclusions were: there is influence of the layout of the offices in the sharing and control of windows and efficiency of passive strategies, such as the use of natural and cross ventilation; and there is an influence of the increase in internal temperature compared to external temperature in the predictability of opening windows and turning air-conditioning devices on. operation behaviours luminaires airconditioning conditioning airconditioners. airconditioners conditioners. conditioners air-conditioners strategies ventilation

Resumen: Este artículo analiza el impacto potencial de los chatbots en el mejoramiento del servicio al cliente en la industria logística, evaluando el rendimiento de diez destacadas empresas en Colombia, Perú y Ecuador (zona CPE). Estas empresas, insertas en el sector de servicios logísticos, desempeñan un papel crucial en la cadena de suministro, ofreciendo servicios especializados que abarcan transporte, almacenamiento y otras áreas dentro de su actividad económica. El estudio, que incluyó a 1250 usuarios individuales tipo B2C (empresa a consumidor) de chatbots, se enfocó en analizar la efectividad de estas herramientas y su repercusión en la conformidad del cliente. Mediante análisis de regresión múltiple, se identificaron elementos fundamentales que inciden en la satisfacción del cliente, como la capacidad de abordar problemas, el conocimiento detallado de la empresa, la autonomía en la resolución de problemas, la precisión gramatical y la reputación general. Los resultados destacan el potencial de los agentes virtuales para mejorar significativamente la atención al consumidor en la logística, señalando su eficacia en la resolución de problemas, familiaridad con productos y servicios, autonomía en la resolución de problemas, corrección gramatical y recomendaciones de usuarios. Estos hallazgos son cruciales para el sector logístico, subrayando el papel transformador de los chatbots en la elevación de la satisfacción del cliente y la eficiencia operativa mediante la integración tecnológica.

Abstract: The article analyzes the potential effectiveness of chatbots on enhancing consumer service in the logistics industry, assessing the performance of ten prominent companies in Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador (CPE region). These companies, situated in the logistics services sector, play a crucial role in the supply chain, offering specialized services encompassing transportation, storage, and other areas within their economic activities. The study, involving 1250 individual B2C (business-to-consumer) users of chatbots, focused on analyzing the effectiveness of these tools and their impact on customer satisfaction. Through multiple regression analysis, key factors influencing customer satisfaction were identified, such as the ability to address issues, detailed knowledge of the company, autonomy in issue resolution, grammatical accuracy, and overall reputation. The results underscore the significant potential of chatbots to enhance customer service in logistics, emphasizing their effectiveness in issue resolution, familiarity with products and services, autonomy in issue resolution, grammatical correctness, and user recommendations. These findings are vital for the logistics sector, highlighting the transformative role of chatbots in elevating customer satisfaction and operational efficiency through technological integration.

Abstract: The results of a proposal for a high-efficiency photovoltaic system with multipurpose applications implemented along a road are presented. This system is designed to address issues related to lighting, telecommunications, and electric vehicle charging. The need for an isolated system arises from sudden power outages in the country that affect road safety and reliability, as well as the lack of phone signal in some areas. In the field of lighting, an analysis is conducted using DiaLux software to ensure compliance with appropriate lighting standards for different types of roads. Furthermore, the multipurpose system includes electric vehicle charging, which is becoming increasingly relevant due to the shift towards more eco-friendly vehicles. Providing electric vehicle charging along roads resolves the issue of limited electric vehicle range and promotes their reliable use. The evaluation of the energy resource using the Glover and McCulloch method is essential for designing an efficient system capable of meeting various user needs. Additionally, reducing carbon dioxide emissions is a significant consideration, as electric vehicles can significantly contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuel vehicles. Abstract highefficiency high efficiency presented telecommunications reliability areas Furthermore ecofriendly eco friendly use needs Additionally consideration

Resumen: Se presentan los resultados de una propuesta de un sistema fotovoltaico de alta eficiencia con aplicaciones multipropósito, implementado a lo largo de una carretera. Este sistema está diseñado para abordar cuestiones relacionadas con la iluminación, las telecomunicaciones y la carga de vehículos eléctricos. La necesidad de un sistema aislado surge de los apagones repentinos en el país que afectan la seguridad vial, el excesivo uso de vehículos de combustibles fósiles que emiten gases que contaminan el planeta, así como la falta de señal telefónica en algunas zonas. En el ámbito de la iluminación, se realiza un análisis utilizando el software DiaLux para garantizar el cumplimiento de los estándares adecuados de iluminación para diferentes tipos de carreteras. Además, el sistema multipropósito incluye la carga de vehículos eléctricos livianos de uso particular, que se está volviendo cada vez más relevante debido al cambio hacia vehículos más ecológicos. La provisión de carga de vehículos eléctricos a lo largo de las carreteras resuelve el problema de la autonomía limitada de los vehículos eléctricos y promueve su uso confiable. La evaluación del recurso energético mediante el método Glover y McCulloch es fundamental para diseñar un sistema eficiente capaz de satisfacer diversas necesidades del usuario. Además, la reducción de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono es un aspecto importante, ya que los vehículos eléctricos pueden contribuir significativamente a la reducción de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en comparación con los vehículos de combustibles fósiles Resumen carretera vial planeta zonas Además particular ecológicos confiable usuario importante

BACKGROUND: Healthcare systems reflect worldviews, specifically in mental health, where norms dictate what is normal and abnormal. The era of coloniality promoted Western dogma over collectivist cultures, which were marginalised. This study explored the perspectives and experiences of Black, isiZulu-speaking, South Africans who utilised multidisciplinary services, based on a Western-based therapy model at a private psychiatric facility in KwaZulu Natal. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive design was utilised. Purposive sampling was utilised to recruit 10 participants. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Braun and Clarke's six phases of thematic analysis were used to guide the data analysis. FINDINGS: Three themes with sub-themes emerged from the data: personal perceptions, which explored how isiZulu-speaking people made sense of mental health and mental illnesses. Cultural perceptions were the collectivist method of problem-solving, which stressed the importance of spiritual beliefs. Health-seeking behaviour considered the experience of the isiZulu-speaking mental health care user. Cognitive dissonance prevailed due to the difference between westernised mental health treatment and traditional healing systems. CONCLUSION: The family and community are intertwined in participation, reputation, and healing. There is an emphasis on enduring hardship and following traditions, which are preserved by valued elders. Disregarding these norms can outcast the Zulu individual who strives toward inclusion within the community. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: • Intervention cannot only be at individual level but also community level. • Including the family in psychoeducation and therapeutic goal settingwould be beneficial to the Zulu MHCU. • Group programmes should address gender-specific issues. • Occupational therapists must recognise the importance of participating in spirituality for the healing of the Zulu MHCU and appropriately include it in intervention. • Mental health resources and awareness programmes need to be disseminated atcommunity level. • Competency in the isiZulu language is recommended.

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how the once-off increase in regional income that will result from investment in roads and the recurring increase in regional income that will stem from the use of economically viable new roads can be estimated. Once-off economic benefits occur because of the multiplier effect triggered by the initial investment expenditure on a road, while recurring economic benefits result from the income accelerator effect that use of the road during its service period will have. To determine the regional income multiplier effect of the investment expenditure on a proposed road during its construction period, it is necessary to estimate (i) the tax amounts included in the investment amount as a ratio of the total project investment amount, (ii) the monetary amount saved by project workers as a ratio of the total project investment amount, and (iii) the expenditure on imported project inputs as a ratio of the total project investment amount. An analysis that incorporates the above-mentioned three fund leakages from the circular flow of regional income will show that the representative income multiplier of South African rural paved road construction projects has a value of 4,58. The gross national income multiplier effect stemming from road construction expenditure can be categorised as follows: In the rating scale above, a gross national income multiplier effect stemming from road construction projects with a value of less than 2,00 is regarded as "poor", because such a multiplier value is usually associated with economically unviable road projects. Gross national road construction multiplier effects with a value of 2,00 or more are associated with economically viable projects. An analysis as referred to above will show that, with a once-off gross income multiplier value of 4,58, the construction of economically viable roads will afford the government a "very good" opportunity to generate income effectively, especially considering that the national economy-wide gross income multiplier in South Africa is 3,27, which shows that the gross income multiplier of road construction is 40% higher than the economy-wide gross income multiplier. The reasons why the once-off gross regional income multiplier stemming from construction expenditure on rural road projects is "very good" are as follows: Multiplier Rating 1 – 1,99 Poor 2 – 2,99 Satisfactory 3 – 3,99 Good 4 – 4,99 Very good < 5 Excellent (1) A substantial proportion of the payroll of road construction workers is subject to zero or low personal income tax rates. (2) The propensity to consume among rural, unskilled and semi-skilled workers (in areas where rural roads are constructed) is generally high, which implies a low savings leakage. (3) Labourers needed for road construction are usually recruited from (or from close by) the areas where a road is to be built. Furthermore, low-income earners tend to buy and consume goods that are produced locally. (4) Generally, there is a relatively small need to import economic resources for road construction projects. Items like timber, sand, stone, gravel, filling material, bitumen, cement, steel and most of the road construction equipment are of regional or, at least, South African origin. The pace at which an economically viable road will stimulate regional income will be reflected by the new traffic it induces and any existing traffic that it diverts from less beneficial roads. In the social cost-benefit analysis of a road, it is estimated by what proportion induced and diverted traffic will increase the road user surplus. This expected proportional increase in road user surplus will accelerate (stimulate) the once-off regional multiplier and is termed the "regional income stimulation factor". Project-driven induced investment activities - i.e. downstream investment activities made possible by the provision of the road - usually (a) involve technically more sophisticated construction projects than the analysed road itself, (b) require the importation of a greater proportion of finished goods and specialised equipment, and (c) involve more skilled and highly skilled workers, whose income is subject to high income tax rates and who exhibit a higher propensity for saving than unskilled workers. Such downstream activities will collectively have a greater leakage effect than that incorporated in the once-off regional multiplier pertaining to construction of the road, which will depress the magnitude of the recurring regional income accelerator. The different formulae used to calculate the recurring income accelerator are detailed in the body of the article.

Hierdie artikel dui aan hoe die eenmalige verhoging in streeksinkome wat uit investeringsbesteding tydens die bou van 'n pad spruit, en die herhalende bykomende streeksinkome wat uit die gebruik van 'n ekonomies geregverdigde nuwe pad spruit, deur onderskeidelik streeksinkomevermenigvuldigerontleding en streeksinkome-versnellerontleding beraam kan word. Om die effek van die streeksinkomevermenigvuldiger van die uitgawe verbonde aan die bou van 'n pad te bepaal, moet (i) die belastings wat by die bou-uitgawe ingesluit is, as 'n verhouding van die totale bou-uitgawe, (ii) die bedrae geld wat deur projekwerkers gespaar word, as 'n verhouding van die totale bou-uitgawe, en (iii) die besteding aan ingevoerde projekinsette, as 'n verhouding van die totale bou-uitgawe, bepaal word. Ontledings wat bogenoemde drie fondslekkasies uit die kringloop van streeksinkome in ag neem, toon dat die verteenwoordigende inkomevermenigvuldiger van Suid-Afrikaanse bouprojekte vir buitestedelike geplaveide paaie 'n waarde van 4,58 het. Op die beoordelingskaal van inkomevermenigvuldigerwaardes vir die bou van buitestedelike paaie bied dit aan die staat 'n "baie goeie" geleentheid om inkome te genereer, veral as in ag geneem word dat die gemiddelde inkomevermenigvuldiger van besteding in die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie 'n waarde van 3,27 het. Die formules waarmee die eenmalige inkomevermenigvuldiger beraam word, word in die liggaam van die artikel uiteengesit. Die herhalende versnelde streeksinkome wat uit die gebruik van 'n ekonomies lewensvat-bare pad spruit, is gelyk aan die produk van (a) die huidige waarde van die herhalende pad-gebruikersvoordele wat uit die gebruik van die pad spruit, en (b) die waarde van die streeks-inkomeversneller van die gebruik van die pad. 'n Streeksinkomeversneller wat as verstekwaarde kan dien in die ekonomiese-impakontleding van 'n ekonomies lewensvatbare geplaveide buitestedelike pad in gevalle waar dit nie haalbaar is om 'n projek-eie versneller te probeer beraam nie, word in die artikel bereken. Die formules waarmee die herhalende-inkomeversneller beraam word, word in die liggaam van die artikel uiteengesit.

This article deals with the nature of social cost-benefit analysis (SCBA) and economic impact analysis (ECIA) of road projects and describes the coherence of and distinctions between the two types of analysis. In the final part of the article, the reasons are given for not including in an SCBA the economic impacts of a road as determined through an ECIA, regardless of how positive they may be. The SCBA of a road project is a systematic procedure to determine the economic viability of the road project by considering the costs and benefits that accrue when the road is constructed and during the service period of the project. The cost component in the SCBA of a road project is the once-off investment or capital cost of taking the road into service or improving it. The benefit component in the SCBA of a road is the difference between recurring costs associated with an improved road and without the road improvement. Recurring costs of a road include (a) road user costs, (b) external costs arising from road use and (c) maintenance costs to protect and preserve the usefulness of the road. The beneficiaries in an SCBA are the road users. The following road user groups can be distinguished: (i) Normal traffic (consisting of existing, normal-growth and non-induced development traffic; (ii) diverted traffic; and (iii) induced traffic (consisting of generated, induced development, and transferred traffic.) To assess the efficiency of resource allocation, an SCBA is based on the consideration of social cost. From the perspective of allocative efficiency, as determined by an SCBA, a road project is regarded as economically viable when the current value of the reduction in recurring costs associated with the road during its service life exceeds the current value of the once-off investment cost of taking the road into service. Road provision and use have economic impacts. Unlike an SCBA, which focuses on the efficiency with which a road project increases accessibility for and the mobility of road users, a regional economic impact analysis (ECIA) focuses on the effectiveness of a project to affect the performance of the economy of a region by enhancing time and place utilities creation by non-road-users. Consequently, an analysis of the effect construction, operation and use of a road will have on regional economic performance should focus on their expected income multiplier and accelerator effects on the number and size of activities in the economy of a region. The following non-road-user groups can be distinguished: (a) The public, (b) landowners, occupants and land users, (c) roadside enterprises, (d) utility enterprises and (e) goods consignors and consignees (in their capacity as non-road-users). An ECIA is based on a consideration of market prices. In an ECIA the following objectives serve as criteria for judging the impact of a road project on the performance of the economy: • Economic growth (including economic development) • Full employment • Price stability • Balance of payments stability • Equitable distribution of income These impacts, regardless of how positive they may be, are not included in an SCBA for the following reasons: • A comprehensive economic assessment consists of two components that are performed in tandem, namely an SCBA and an ECIA. An SCBA relies on allocative efficiency as assessment criterion, while an ECIA relies on output effectiveness as assessment criterion. The inclusion of effectiveness criteria among efficiency criteria in an SCBA will result in a misrepresentation of project viability. • Double counting of benefits will occur when road user cost savings and economic impacts are combined. • Not all the economic benefits obtained through coordinated investment in various sectors, one of which may be a road, can be ascribed to the investment in the road alone. The reason for conducting an ECIA of a road project is to determine to what measure the analysed road is expected to affect the performance of the economy of the region concerned. Although the results of an ECIA do not form part of the outcome of an SCBA, an ECIA can be used as an instrument in the pursuit of the economic policy objectives of a government.

Die hoofdoel van die sosialekoste-voordeel-ontleding (SKVO) van 'n pad is om die inligting oor die koste en voordele te verskaf wat nodig is om die lewensvatbaarheid, al dan nie, van die voorsiening en gebruik van die pad te beraam. Die kostekomponent in die SKVO is die eenmalige investeringskoste om die pad tot stand te bring, en die voordeelkomponent is die daling van die herhalende koste wat uit die gebruik en instandhouding van die pad sal spruit. Die hoofdoel van die ekonomiese-impakontleding (EKIO) van 'n pad behels dat die verwagte gevolge van die voorsiening en gebruik van die pad op die ekonomiese vertoning van 'n bepaalde streek geïdentifiseer en bereken word. Dié ontleding berus hoofsaaklik op die volgende: (a) die beraming van die verwagte eenmalige streeksinkome-vermenigvuldigereffek wat uit die investeringsbesteding aan die pad sal spruit, en (b) die beraming van die herhalende streeksinkome-versnellereffek wat uit die gebruik en instandhouding van die pad sal spruit. Die ekonomiese uitwerking van 'n padprojek word nie by 'n SKVO ingereken nie. Die rede hiervoor is drievoudig: Eerstens berus 'n SKVO op toewysingsdoelmatigheid as beoordelingsnorm, en 'n EKIO op doeltreffendheid as beoordelingsnorm. Die kombinering van doeltreffendheidsnorme en doelmatigheidsnorme sal tot 'n wanvertolking van 'n projek se ekonomiese lewensvatbaarheid lei. Tweedens sal voordele dubbeld getel word indien padgebruikerskostebesparings en ekonomiese impakte saamgevoeg word. Derdens kan ekonomiese voordele wat verkry word deur gekoördineerde investering in verskeie sektore, waarvan een 'n pad is, nie alles aan investering in die pad toegeskryf word nie.

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the study of the bubble filter and web information. The main purpose was to analyze how the bubble filter, in its purpose of algorithmically managing content, can ensure the diversity of information sources for Internet users. For this purpose, a descriptive investigation was carried out with the scope of explanation and interpretation based on the systematic review of specialized literature in the Scopus, Web of Science, and SciE-LO databases, mainly. For the collection of information, the documentary review technique was chosen using the instrument of documentary analysis cards. It is concluded that the bubble filter impacts the right to information, as it affects the complete perception of reality and the understanding of the world. This is due to the delivery of information and the hiding of information that is managed by this algorithm, as it turns out to be a spiral of ideologies, tastes, preferences recorded and stored in the user's browsing, avoiding the knowledge of contrary or alternate positions. content users Scopus Science SciELO SciE LO databases mainly cards world algorithm ideologies tastes user s browsing positions

RESUMEN El presente trabajo aborda el estudio del filtro burbuja y la información web. El objetivo principal fue analizar cómo el filtro burbuja, en su propósito de gestionar algo-rítmicamente los contenidos, permite garantizar la diversidad de fuentes de información en los usuarios de Internet. Para dicho fin, se realizó una investigación descriptiva con alcance de explicación e interpretación basada en la revisión sistemática de la literatura especializada en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science y SciELO, principalmente. Para la recolección de información, se optó por la técnica de revisión documental utilizando el instrumento de fichas de análisis documental. Se concluye que el filtro burbuja impacta en el derecho a la información, pues afecta la percepción completa de la realidad y la comprensión del mundo. Ello obedece a que la entrega de la información y el ocultamiento de la información que es administrada por este algoritmo resultan ser una espiral de ideologías, gustos, preferencias registradas y almacenadas en las navegaciones del usuario, que evitan el conocimiento de posiciones contrarias o alternas. web algorítmicamente algo rítmicamente contenidos Internet fin Scopus SciELO principalmente mundo ideologías gustos usuario alternas

Resumo Introdução: As patologias músculo-esqueléticas constituem um dos motivos mais frequentes de consulta em medicina geral e familiar. A elevada incidência destas patologias traduz-se também numa elevada necessidade de cuidados de reabilitação pelo que, em 2021, a prescrição de medicina física e reabilitação (MFR) destacou-se como o segundo maior gasto relativamente ao total da despesa com meios complementares de diagnóstico e terapêutica na região Norte. Assim, importa caracterizar os principais motivos de prescrição. Objetivos: Caracterizar a prescrição de consultas de MFR relativas a patologia osteoarticular e músculo-esquelética no Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde de Matosinhos (ACeS). Métodos: Estudo observacional e retrospetivo de todas as prescrições de MFR realizadas de janeiro a dezembro/2021 em todas as unidades de saúde constituintes de um ACeS, com caracterização sociodemográfica dos utentes e análise do número de prescrições e códigos de Classificação Internacional de Cuidados de Saúde Primários associados às mesmas. Resultados: O número médio de prescrições por USF foi de 1710,07. Verificou-se que 47,94% das prescrições corresponderam a primeira consulta de MFR, enquanto 52,06% corresponderam a consulta subsequente. A maioria das prescrições foi feita a utentes do sexo feminino (65,54%), com isenção do pagamento de taxas moderadoras (58,65%) e idade média de 57,15 anos. O problema de saúde mais frequentemente codificado foi L86 - Síndrome da Coluna com irradiação de dor, seguindo-se L92 - Síndrome do Ombro Doloroso, quer para primeira consulta quer para consulta subsequente. As patologias que originaram maior número de prescrições subsequentes/utente foram esclerose múltipla e parkinsonismo. Observou-se ainda que 46,76% das prescrições se acompanhavam de código ICPC-2 correspondente a diagnóstico passível de prescrição de fisioterapia. Conclusão: Trata-se de um estudo relevante que caracterizou as prescrições de MFR, permitindo conhecer as patologias que levaram à requisição destes cuidados, podendo constituir um ponto de partida para melhorar a adequação dos recursos em saúde.

Abstract Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most frequent reasons for medical appointments in primary care. The high incidence of these pathologies also translates into a high need for rehabilitation care. This is why, in 2021, the prescription of physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM) stood out as the second highest expense in the total costs of complementary means of diagnostic and therapeutic, in the North of Portugal. Thus, it is important to describe the main reasons for prescription. Objective: To describe the prescriptions of PRM appointments related to osteoarticular and musculoskeletal pathology, in the Matosinhos group of Family Health Units (FHUs). Methods: Observational and retrospective study of all PRM prescriptions carried out from January to December 2021 in 14 FHUs, with sociodemographic characterization of users and analysis of the number of prescriptions and codes of the International Classification of Primary Health Care associated with them. Results: The mean number of prescriptions per FHU was 1710.07. It was found that 47.94% of the prescriptions corresponded to the first PRM appointment, while 52.06% corresponded to the subsequent appointments. Most prescriptions were made to female patients (65.54%), exempted from paying user fees (58.65%), and mean age of 57.15 years. The most frequently coded health problem was L86 - Painful Spine Syndrome, followed by L92 - Painful Shoulder Syndrome, both for first and subsequent appointments. The pathologies that originated the highest number of subsequent prescriptions per user were multiple sclerosis and parkinsonism. It was also observed that 46.76% of the prescriptions were accompanied by an ICPC-2 code corresponding to a valid diagnosis for physiotherapy prescription. Conclusion: This is a relevant study that characterized PRM prescriptions and allowed us to understand the pathologies that led to the need for this care, which may constitute a starting point for improving the adequacy of health resources.

Abstract Amulets, relics, talismans, respond to their use in fashion as a decodable and accessible semantic load. In its meaning, it captures groups of users, attracts them, these are sensitive to the symbolic load that certain figurative elements have, identify and are gratified by its use in fashion. This goes beyond the plane of logic / reason and is located, we can say, in a sensitive place, charged with emotionality, magic and mystery. The sign always found its expressive prominence in the history of mankind, and in the history of fashion. These signs loaded with intention, awaken in the future user an irrational component, which enhances a sense of brotherhood in those who wear it. In other words, these garments intervened through: prints, embroidery, accessories; they reveal the latent identity of the brand, its values and identity postulates.

Resumen Amuletos, reliquias, talismanes, responden a su uso en la moda como una carga semántica decodificable y accesible. En su significado captura a grupos de usuarios, los atrae, estos sensibles ante la carga simbólica que tienen ciertos elementos figurativos, se identifican y se gratifican con su uso en la moda. Esto sobrepasa el plano de la lógica/razón y se ubica, podemos decir, en un lugar sensible, cargado de emocionalidad, magia y misterio. El signo, siempre encontró su protagonismo expresivo en la historia de la humanidad, y en la historia de la moda. Estos signos cargados de intención, despiertan en el futuro usuario la aparición de un componente irracional, el cual potencia un sentido de hermandad en quienes lo portan. Es decir estas prendas intervenidas a través de: estampas, bordados, accesorios; ponen de manifiesto la identidad latente de la marca, sus valores y postulados identitarios.

Resumo Amuletos, relíquias, talismãs, respondem ao seu uso na moda como uma carga semântica decodificável e acessível. No seu sentido, captura grupos de usuários, atrai-os, estes sensíveis à carga simbólica que certos elementos figurativos possuem, identificam e se gratificam com seu uso na moda. Este ultrapassa o plano da lógica / razão e se situa, podemos dizer, em um lugar sensível, carregado de emoção, magia e mistério. O signo sempre encontrou seu destaque expressivo na história da humanidade e na história da moda. Esses signos carregados de intenção despertam no futuro usuário a aparência de um componente irracional, o que aumenta o sentimento de fraternidade em quem o usa. Ou seja, essas vestimentas intervieram por meio de: estampas, bordados, acessórios; revelam a identidade latente da marca, seus valores e postulados de identidade.

ABSTRACT The objective of this project is to analyze the factors influencing the adoption of electronic commerce by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Guayaquil. The importance and impact of E-Commerce on organizations are significant in various aspects, leading to the study of several E-Commerce adoption models. Some of these models, such as Kabanda & Brown's integrated E-Commerce adoption model, highlight three relevant factors: organizational, innovation, and environmental. Additionally, Wang & Hou's E-Commerce adoption model for SMEs defines technological, organizational, and environmental contexts as determining factors in E-Commerce adoption. The organizational factor refers to the characteristics of the organization and owners when adopting E-Commerce technologies, while the innovation factor analyzes aspects of why a user accepts or rejects new innovations through the technology acceptance model. This work employs a descriptive methodology and quantitative method, conducting a survey with a sample of 67 commercial SMEs in Guayaquil. In conclusion, factors influencing the adoption of electronic commerce by SMEs in Guayaquil are identified, revealing technological, organizational, innovation, and transactional aspects. These factors exert both positive and negative impacts during the E-Commerce adoption process.

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar cuáles son los factores que inciden en la adopción del comercio electrónico por parte de las pymes en Guayaquil. La importancia e impacto que tiene el E-Commerce en las organizaciones es de gran magnitud en diferentes aspectos, es por ello que se han estudiado varios modelos de adopción de E-Commerce. Algunos de estos modelos estudiados son los de Kabanda & Brown modelo integrado de adopción de E-Commerce donde se mencionan tres factores relevantes como el organizacional, de innovación y ambiental, por otra parte, también se tiene el modelo de adopción de E-Commerce para pymes de Wang & Hou, donde definen el contexto tecnológico, organizacional y ambiental como factores determinantes en la adopción del E-Commerce. El factor organizacional hace referencia a las características propias de la organización y de los propietarios en el momento de adoptar las tecnologías de E-Commerce, mientras que el factor de innovación analiza los aspectos del por qué un usuario acepta o rechaza las nuevas innovaciones por medio del modelo de aceptación de tecnología. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se emplea metodología de tipo descriptivo y método cuantitativo; se realiza una encuesta, a la muestra de 67 pymes comerciales de Guayaquil. En conclusión, se identifican los factores que influyen en la adopción del comercio electrónico por parte de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) en Guayaquil, revelando aspectos tecnológicos, organizativos, de innovación y transaccionales. Estos factores ejercen tanto impactos positivos como negativos durante el proceso de adopción del comercio electrónico.

Abstract This publication, carried out in collaboration with the Universidad del Bio Bio (Chile) belongs to the research line: Design and economics and it is made up of several works by authors of different origins, some of which are part, in its English version, of a publication made with the agreement of the University from Palermo and Kookmin University (South Korea). This version in Spanish and Portuguese was coordinated by Dr. Jimena Alarcón from the Universidad del Bio-Bio (Chile) and Roberto Céspedes from the Universidad de Palermo (Argentina).

Resumen Esta publicación, realizada en colaboración con la Universidad del Bio Bio (Chile) pertenece a la línea de investigación: Diseño y economía y se constituye por varios trabajos realizados por autores de distintos orígenes, alguno de los cuales forman parte, en su versión en idioma inglés, de una publicación realizada con acuerdo de la Universidad de Palermo y la Kookmin University (Corea del Sur). Esta versión en español y portugués fue coordinada por la Dra. Jimena Alarcón por la Universidad del Bio-Bio (Chile) y Roberto Céspedes por la Universidad de Palermo (Argentina).

Resumo Esta publicação, realizada em colaboração com a Universidad del Bio Bio (Chile) pertence à linha de pesquisa: Design e economia, e é composta por vários trabalhos de autores de diferentes origens, alguns dos quais fazem parte, em sua versão em inglês, de uma publicação feita com o acordo da Universidade da Universidade de Palermo e Kookmin (Coréia do Sul). Esta versão em espanhol e português foi coordenada pela Dra. Jimena Alarcón da Universidad del Bio-Bio (Chile) e Roberto Céspedes da Universidad de Palermo (Argentina).

Abstract This article synthesizes research related to the development by the author, of his doctoral thesis on the subject of product design in the service economy. In this thesis, the design operation of public services is analyzed through the study of four cases of design of integral solid waste management systems. These case studies have been located in Ecuador in the last 4 years and are related to a public policy of decentralization that forces local governments to assume the competence of this public service. In the part of the research that gives rise to this article, it specifically seeks to investigate the perception of the community regarding the quality of a public service and relate it to the willingness to pay a specific rate. The existence of relationships between the level at which the community participates in the elaboration of public policy, the perception of service quality and the willingness to pay for it, is demonstrated. There is also a relationship between the perception of service quality and the availability of technically selected equipment in contrast to the perception of quality when the equipment is selected for political agendas. In addition, the role of the media in articulating the participation of society is described, but also in the formation of a collective conscience about the responsibilities of citizens, their rights and obligations towards the integral management of solid waste and the environment, and the need to adopt responsible habits.

Resumen Este artículo sintetiza una investigación relacionada con el desarrollo por parte del autor de su tesis doctoral en torno al tema del diseño de productos en la economía de servicios. En esta tesis se analiza la operación de diseño de servicios públicos a través del estudio de cuatro casos de diseño de sistemas de gestión integral de desechos sólidos. Estos casos de estudio están ubicados en Ecuador en los últimos 4 años y están relacionados con una política pública de descentralización que obliga a los gobiernos locales a asumir la competencia de este servicio público. En la parte de la investigación que da lugar a este artículo, específicamente se busca indagar la percepción de la comunidad respecto de la calidad de un servicio público y relacionarlo con la disposición al pago de una tarifa determinada. Se demuestra la existencia de relaciones entre el nivel en que la comunidad participa en la elaboración de la política pública, la percepción de calidad del servicio y la disposición al pago por recibirlo. Se encuentra además una relación entre la percepción de calidad del servicio y la disponibilidad de equipamiento seleccionado técnicamente en contraste con la percepción de calidad cuando el equipamiento se selecciona por intereses políticos. Además, se describe el papel que tienen los medios de comunicación en articular la participación de la sociedad, pero también en la formación de una conciencia colectiva sobre las responsabilidades de la ciudadanía, sus derechos y obligaciones para con la gestión integral de los residuos sólidos y el medioambiente, y la necesidad de adoptar hábitos responsables.

Resumo Este artigo sintetiza as pesquisas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento do autor de sua tese de doutorado sobre o tema design de produto na economia de serviços. Nesta tese, o projeto operacional de serviços públicos é analisado através do estudo de quatro casos de projeto de sistemas integrais de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos. Estes estudos de caso estão localizados no Equador nos últimos 4 anos e estão relacionados a uma política pública de descentralização que obriga os governos locais a assumirem a competência deste serviço público. Na parte da pesquisa que dá origem a este artigo, busca-se especificamente investigar a percepção da comunidade sobre a qualidade de um serviço público e relacioná-la com a disposição de pagar uma taxa específica. É demonstrada a existência de relações entre o nível em que a comunidade participa da elaboração das políticas públicas, a percepção da qualidade do serviço e a disposição de pagar pelo recebimento. Também existe uma relação entre a percepção da qualidade do serviço e a disponibilidade de equipamentos selecionados tecnicamente em contraste com a percepção de qualidade quando o equipamento é selecionado por interesses políticos. Além disso, é descrito o papel da mídia na articulação da participação da sociedade, mas também na formação de uma consciência coletiva sobre as responsabilidades dos cidadãos, seus direitos e deveres para com a gestão integral dos resíduos sólidos e o meio ambiente e a necessidade de adoção de hábitos responsáveis.

Abstract This document reveals the influence of demographic factors on the user’s perception of emerging materials made with waste from the plastic products manufacturing sector. As constructs of positive user experience, the study adopted five attributes: ecological, welcoming, attractive, luxurious, comfortable. Relationships centered on user perception and their demographic origin were identified. The methodology considered the gathering of information, through a self-applied questionnaire, with structured questions with semantic differential. A total of 46 people participated in the study. The results indicate that the attributes perceived in each of the prototypes of new materials present significant differences in terms of the valuations associated with their perception. The conclusions refer to the implications of demographic factors for the practice of design, whose knowledge can help the creative process, for a positive user experience.

Resumen Este documento revela la influencia de factores demográficos en la percepción del usuario respecto de materiales emergentes confeccionados con desechos del sector manufacturas de productos plásticos. Como construcciones de experiencia positiva de usuario, en el estudio se adoptaron cinco atributos: ecológico, acogedor, atractivo, lujoso, confortable. Se identificaron relaciones centradas en la percepción usuaria y su origen demográfico. La metodología consideró el levantamiento de información, mediante un cuestionario auto-aplicado, con preguntas estructuradas con diferencial semántico. Un total de 46 personas participaron en el estudio. Los resultados indican que los atributos percibidos en cada uno de los prototipos de nuevos materiales, presentan diferencias significativas en términos de las valoraciones asociadas a su percepción. Las conclusiones están referidas a las implicancias de los factores demográficos para la práctica del diseño, cuyo conocimiento puede ayudar al proceso creativo, para una experiencia de usuario positiva.

Resumo Este documento revela a influência de fatores demográficos na percepção do usuário sobre os materiais emergentes produzidos com resíduos do setor de fabricação de produtos plásticos. Como construtos da experiência positiva do usuário, o estudo adotou cinco atributos: ecológico, acolhedor, atraente, luxuoso, confortável. Identificaram-se relacionamentos centrados na percepção do usuário e sua origem demográfica. A metodologia considerou a coleta de informações, por meio de questionário autoaplicável, com questões estruturadas com diferencial semântico. Um total de 46 pessoas participaram do estudo. Os resultados indicam que os atributos percebidos em cada um dos protótipos de novos materiais apresentam diferenças significativas ao nível das avaliações associadas à sua percepção. As conclusões referem-se às implicações dos fatores demográficos para a prática do design, cujo conhecimento pode auxiliar no processo criativo, para uma experiência positiva do usuário.

Presenciamos la trayectoria de una usuaria-guía en el tratamiento para tuberculosis multidrogo resistente (TB-MDR). Las narrativas de las Redes Vivas en la producción de cuidado señalan: 1) cuidar en el acto de vivir: suplantar los estigmas y cultivar vínculos que ayuden a superar los discursos fomentados por el miedo, prejuicios, exclusión e invisibilidad de los sujetos. 2) Redes Vivas de cuidado: los entresijos de la norma y 3) las interfaces de atención usuario-trabajador de la salud: ¿cómo desmistificar el juicio de los trabajadores de la salud quienes, subordinados a protocolos limitantes, muchas veces estigmatizan al usuario como “abandonador de tratamiento”? La usuaria-guía vislumbró que cuidar es desterritorializarse, es colocar los deseos como potencia para trasformación, saliendo del modus operandi rumbo a la creatividad, colocando al usuario en el centro del proceso.

We followed the trajectory of a guiding user undergoing treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The narratives of Live Networks in care production showed: 1) Caring in the act of living: Overcoming stigmas and cultivating bonds that help overcome discourses fostered by fear, prejudice, exclusion and invisibility of subjects; 2) Live Networks of care: The in-betweens of the norm; and 3) Interfaces of user-health worker care: How can we demystify the judgment of health workers who, subordinated to limiting protocols, often stigmatize the user as someone who “abandons the treatment”? The guiding user perceived that caring means deterritorializing oneself, expressing one’s desires as power for transformation, and leaving the modus operandi towards creativity, with the user at the center of the process.

Vivenciamos a trajetória de uma usuária-guia no tratamento para tuberculose multidroga resistente (TB-MDR). As narrativas das redes vivas na produção de cuidado apontam para os seguintes itens: 1) cuidar no ato de viver: suplantar os estigmas e cultivar vínculos que ajudem a superar os discursos fomentados pelo medo, preconceitos, exclusão e invisibilidade dos sujeitos; 2) redes vivas de cuidado: os entremeios da norma; e 3) as interfaces de atenção usuário-trabalhador da saúde: como desmistificar o julgamento dos trabalhadores da saúde, que, subordinados a protocolos limitantes, muitas vezes estigmatizam o usuário como “abandonador de tratamento”?. A usuária-guia vislumbrou que cuidar é se desterritorializar, é colocar os desejos como potência para transformação, saindo do modus operandi rumo à criatividade, tendo o usuário no centro do processo.

Abstract Introduction: Pain evaluation has become an increasingly relevant concern for healthcare workers. According to the World Health Organization’s definition of Palliative Care, early identification, evaluation, and treatment of pain are important. Objective: Developing and rating an app for mobile devices that focuses on teaching the subject of pain management in Palliative Care. Research Methodology: The app was developed as a learning tool and tested by resident physicians while undergoing a qualitative and quantitative prospective evaluation. Mock tests were taken. The usability of the app was rated through the System Usability Scale (SUS), and satisfaction with the app was rated through the Net Promoter Score (NPS). The data was charted by using Microsoft Office Excel ® and was exported to the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 (IBM) software: an analysis was run with a 95% confidence interval. As for the qualitative analysis of the resident physicians’ evaluations, all available content was transcribed and properly organized in word clouds in order to highlight the most important pieces of feedback that the physicians presented regarding the app. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. Main Results: The PaliPain App was developed as a database filled with clinical cases of patients undergoing palliative care who were experiencing varying levels of pain, and also presents analysis of test questions, videos and images. It was made available for the Android and iOS platforms. The average correct answers in a mock test about pain management during palliative care rose from 6.08 to 7.54. Thirteen resident physicians made use of the app. In the evaluation of the app’s usability, the average SUS score was 89.2. In the evaluation of user satisfaction, 54% of the resident physicians answered the question “from a scale of 0 to 10, what is the likelihood of you recommending the PaliPan app to a friend or colleague?” with a score of 10. Conclusion: The PaliPain App, developed and available on Android and iOS platforms, was well evaluated by resident physicians, presenting excellent scores for both usability and satisfaction. We identified that there was a gain in knowledge, with an average score in the resolution of questions increasing from 6.08 to 7.54 after free use of the application. The PaliPan app could be a useful tool to teach the subject of pain to resident physicians.

Resumo Introdução: Avaliação e manejo adequados da dor têm se tornado uma preocupação cada vez maior dos profissionais de saúde. Segundo a definição de cuidados paliativos da Organização Mundial da Saúde, são importantes a identificação precoce, a avaliação e o tratamento da dor. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos desenvolver e avaliar um aplicativo para dispositivos móveis voltado para o ensino de abordagem da dor em cuidados paliativos. Método: Foi desenvolvido um aplicativo móvel, seguido de sua utilização por médicos residentes e de avaliação qualiquantitativa prospectiva. Aplicou-se o teste de conhecimento. Obtiveram-se a usabilidade do aplicativo, por meio da System Usability Scale (SUS), e a satisfação, por meio do Net Promoter Score (NPS). Os dados foram tabulados no Microsoft Office Excel® e exportados para o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 20.0 (IBM): na realização das análises, adotou-se uma confiança de 95%. Para a análise qualitativa das avaliações, o conteúdo das respostas foi transcrito e organizado em nuvens de palavras para destacar as ideias centrais. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do Centro Universitário Christus. Resultado: Desenvolveu-se o PaliPain App, aplicativo constituído de casos clínicos de pacientes em cuidados paliativos com manifestações de dor, além de questões, vídeos e imagens, disponibilizado nas plataformas Android e iOS. Utilizaram o aplicativo 13 médicos residentes. A média de acertos de questões no pré-teste sobre dor em cuidados paliativos aumentou de 6,08 para 7,54 após manuseio do aplicativo. Na avaliação sobre a usabilidade do aplicativo, obtivemos na SUS uma média de 89,2, acima do nível considerado adequado de 70,0. Na avaliação de satisfação, 54% dos médicos responderam com pontuação 10 à pergunta: “Em uma escala de 0 a 10, quanto você recomendaria o aplicativo PaliPain a um amigo ou colega?”. Conclusão: O PaliPain App, desenvolvido e disponibilizado nas plataformas Android e iOS, foi bem avaliado pelos médicos residentes, apresentando ótimos escores de usabilidade e de satisfação. Identificamos que houve ganho de conhecimento, com pontuação média na resolução de questões aumentando de 6,08 para 7,54 após livre uso da aplicação. O PaliPain App pode ser uma ferramenta útil para ensino de abordagem de dor para médicos residentes.