Silver film is commonly used to examine the structure and composition of molecules due to its surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. A simple method for preparing SERS silver films is proposed in this paper by electrodeposition in an amide-based liquid mixture (urea-acetamide-LiBr). The electrochemical behavior of silver in urea-acetamide-LiBr mixture was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry. It was found that the nucleation mechanism of silver shifts to instantaneous nucleation under diffusion control with increasing overpotential and temperature. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations confirmed that the obtained deposits are pure silver. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the morphology of the silver deposits depends on the deposition potential and temperature. Rhodamine 6G was used as probe molecules for SERS experiments, showing that these new active substrates have high sensitivity to SERS response with high enhancement factors, of approximately 107, and enable Raman scattering even for diluted solutions. surfaceenhanced surface enhanced (SERS effect amidebased amide based ureaacetamideLiBr. ureaacetamideLiBr urea acetamide LiBr . (urea-acetamide-LiBr) CV (CV chronoamperometry temperature EDS (EDS Xray X ray XRD (XRD SEM (SEM G experiments factors 107 solutions (urea-acetamide-LiBr 10 1

Abstract: The approach to the urban development plan by Brazilian architect Lucio Costa for the Alagados neighborhood (1972) emphasizes the dimension of social housing in its urban planning, highlighting the incorporations carried out in response to the revisions of the modern movement. The study contextualizes revisionist approaches in urban plans, focusing on housing clusters in superblocks and their relationship with public facilities, bringing out the organicist paradigm, aiming for flexibility in urban planning. An approach is taken that includes a specific architectural historiography and design theory, reviewing Lucio Costa's proposal through the analysis of documents, plans, and works. Given the disagreement between social housing policy based on utopian ideals and real estate interests, Lucio Costa's superblock proposal presents its adaptable morphology, concluding that the implementation of Lucio Costa's proposal could possibly have provided substantial positive results to Alagados.

Resumen: El enfoque del plan de desarrollo urbano del arquitecto brasileño Lucio Costa para el vecindario de Alagados (1972) enfatiza la dimensión de la vivienda social en su planificación urbana, destacando las incorporaciones llevadas a cabo en respuesta a las revisiones del movimiento moderno. El estudio contextualiza los enfoques revisionistas en los planes urbanos, centrándose en los grupos de viviendas en los superbloques y su relación con las instalaciones públicas, lo que resalta el paradigma orgánico, con el objetivo de flexibilidad en la planificación urbana. Se adopta un enfoque que incluye una teoría de historiografía y diseño arquitectónica específica, revisando la propuesta de Lucio Costa a través del análisis de documentos, planes y trabajos. Dado el desacuerdo entre la política de vivienda social basada en ideales utópicos e intereses inmobiliarios, la propuesta de superbloque de Lucio Costa presenta su morfología adaptable, concluyendo que posiblemente la implementación de la propuesta de Lucio Costa podría haber proporcionado resultados positivos sustanciales a los Alagados.

Abstract Housing leaves a sample of different contexts in which the city is lived; its size, shape and location, according to its typology, are the initial referents of the costs in the market and therefore of those who acquire them. The main objective of this work is to expose a cartography of housing in the city. Where the urban form configured from the new house for sale and the social inequality that is marked through its acquisition is shown, taking into account only its economic dimension, which is affected according to its dimensions, location and the means to its financing. For this, 28 subdivisions that where identified had new homes for sale are analyzed, between May 2020 and April 2021, in Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. This shows cuts in the city, which occur between spatial fractures and social disparity, which are evident from the type of housing and its costs in the real estate market.

Resumen La vivienda deja muestra de contextos diferenciados en los que se vive la ciudad; su tamaño, forma y ubicación, según su tipología, son los referentes iniciales de los costos en el mercado y, por ende, del poder económico de quienes las adquieren. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal dejar a la vista una cartografía de la vivienda en la ciudad, donde se muestre la forma urbana configurada a partir de la vivienda nueva a la venta y la desigualdad social que se marca a través de su adquisición. Se considera únicamente su dimensión económica, viéndose afectada según sus dimensiones, ubicación y los medios para su financiamiento. Para ello, fueron analizados 28 fraccionamientos identificados por contar con vivienda nueva a la venta, entre mayo del 2020 y abril del 2021, en Pachuca, Hidalgo, México. Lo anterior deja muestra de recortes en la ciudad, dados entre las fracturas espaciales y la disparidad social, y evidenciados a partir de la tipología de la vivienda y sus costos en el mercado inmobiliario.

Abstract: The unplanned and fragmented urban development of cities has caused them to be responsible for most of the planet's unsustainable development. Urban sustainability emerges as a response to this imbalance. Throughout its history, Guayaquil has shown unplanned urban growth that has continuously degraded its natural resources, such as forests and estuaries. The present research aims to evaluate the level of sustainability resulting from such change at the neighborhood level in Guayaquil. The study analyzes urban indicators of six representative neighbourhoods of the city regarding socioeconomic and historical factors. Thus, indicators were analyzed with respect to form, diversity, mobility, and environmental quality. The methodology includes an analysis for selecting variables, a study of the neighbourhoods' morphology using geo-portal map and information gathering through field studies and data processing. The results allow inferring the variables' influence on the sustainability level of each analyzed neighbourhood and how density, diversity and environmental quality play a vital role in developing greater sustainability at the neighbourhood and city levels.

Resumen: El desarrollo urbano no planificado y fragmentado de las ciudades ha ocasionado que estas sean responsables de la mayor parte del desarrollo no sustentable del planeta. La sostenibilidad urbana surge como medida de respuesta ante esta descompensación. La ciudad de Guayaquil presenta a lo largo de su historia un crecimiento urbano no planificado que continuamente ha degradado sus recursos naturales, como bosques y esteros. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar el nivel de sostenibilidad resultante de tal crecimiento a nivel barrial en Guayaquil. El estudio analiza indicadores urbanos de seis barrios representativos de la ciudad en cuanto a factores socioeconómicos e históricos. Se analizaron indicadores con respecto a la forma, diversidad, movilidad y calidad ambiental. La metodología utilizada recoge un análisis para la selección de variables, estudio de la morfología de los barrios realizada por medio de mapas de geo portales, relevamiento de información a través de estudio de campo y procesamiento de datos. Los resultados permiten inferir la influencia de las variables en el nivel de sostenibilidad de cada uno de los barrios analizados y como la densidad, la diversidad y calidad ambiental desempeñan un papel primordial en el desarrollo de una mayor sostenibilidad a nivel barrial y de ciudad.

Resumo Este artigo oferece uma análise sobre a morfologia urbana de Salvador, Bahia, destacando as questões da segregação espacial que moldam a cidade. O estudo examina a estrutura física e a organização espacial de Salvador, abordando como esses fatores influenciam na segregação socioeconômica da cidade. Este trabalho objetiva em investigar de que forma a configuração da segregação socioespacial pode influenciar sobre as relações entre estratos sociais distintos. Partindo dessa premissa, busca-se realizar a análise espacial, utilizando como ferramenta o programa de computação Space Sintax . Os resultados permitem uma visualização sobre como os diferentes padrões de configuração e a caracterização dos setores socioeconômicos revelam a leitura da morfologia urbana sobre a segregação em Salvador.

Abstract This article provides an analysis of the urban morphology of Salvador, Bahia (Brazil), focusing on the spatial segregation issues that shape the city. The study examines the physical structure and spatial organization of Salvador, addressing the influence of these factors on the socioeconomic segregation of the city. Also, the configuration of sociospatial segregation is analyzed to study its influence on the relationships among distinct social strata. Based on this premise, we seek to perform a spatial analysis using the software Space Syntax as a tool. Results show how the various configuration patterns and the characterization of socioeconomic sectors reveal an interpretation of the urban morphology of segregation in Salvador.

Resumen Este artículo ofrece un análisis de la morfología urbana de Salvador, Bahía, destacando las cuestiones de segregación espacial que dan forma a la ciudad. El estudio examina la estructura física y la organización espacial de Salvador, abordando cómo estos factores influyen en la segregación socioeconómica de la ciudad. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar cómo la configuración de la segregación socioespacial puede influir en las relaciones entre diferentes estratos sociales. Partiendo de esta premisa, buscamos realizar análisis espaciales, utilizando como herramienta el programa de computación Space Syntax. Los resultados permiten visualizar cómo los diferentes patrones de configuración y la caracterización de los sectores socioeconómicos revelan la lectura de la morfología urbana sobre la segregación en Salvador.

BACKGROUND. Although leprosy, a neglected tropical disease, has been eliminated (<1 case per 10 000 population) in South Africa (SA) since 1926, according to the World Health Organization, new cases continue to be reported. The management of leprosy poses several challenges, including patient adherence, education and insufficient training of healthcare practitioners. OBJECTIVES. To describe the biographical profile, clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes in patients with leprosy in KwaZulu-Natal Province. METHODS. This retrospective study aimed to analyse the clinical data of leprosy patients in SA from 2002 to 2022. Data collected included patient demographics, comorbidities, cutaneous and neurological manifestations of leprosy, complications, treatment and adverse reactions. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data. RESULTS. The study analysed the clinical data of 194 leprosy patients from 2002 to 2022. The majority of patients were male and middle aged, with a disproportionate representation of black South Africans. Regarding socioeconomic status, 80% were unemployed and 40% were social grant recipients. Most cases were clustered in urban centres and diagnosed at secondary care facilities, with 15% being HIV positive. The majority of patients (90%) were classified as having multibacillary leprosy. Common symptoms included upper respiratory tract involvement, hair loss and painful nerves, with the face and limbs being most frequently affected. Cutaneous morphology predominantly included plaques and hypopigmented patches, while neurological signs included ulnar nerve tenderness, muscle weakness and sensory deficits. Debilitating neurological complications were found in one-fifth of patients. Despite initiation of multidrug therapy in most patients, a significant proportion (27.3%) did not complete the full course of treatment, and treatment reactions were noted in 33.5% of patients. CONCLUSION. These findings emphasise the urgent need for enhanced patient and healthcare worker education, particularly in primary healthcare settings, to improve adherence to treatment, advocate for prophylactic measures and prevent new cases. Achieving leprosy-free status in SA requires the collaboration of many role-players to address these challenges and improve healthcare practices.

Abstract Schyzocotyle acheilognathi is a fish tapeworm native to Asia but has been reported as an alien species on practically all other continents. Its invasive potential is due to its low host specificity and high adaptability to different environments, and its spread to new areas can result in economic and ecological impacts. Studies reporting this species in South America are still scarce, indicating the need to monitor its dispersion to new areas. Herein, tapeworms found in guppies, Poecilia reticulata, from an urban stream located in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in April 2021 were subjected to morphological and molecular characterization. As a result, 5/13 (38.5%) of the P. reticulata specimens evaluated were infected with intestinal tapeworms. It was verified a mean intensity of infection of 7.8 (1-25) and a mean abundance of infection of 3 (0-25). The morphology of the cestodes obtained was compatible with that of S. acheilognathi. Moreover, genetic analysis based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (Cox-1) revealed 97.89-99.77% similarity to isolates of this species from different localities. The possibility that S. acheilognathi is expanding to new regions of South America is discussed. continents environments impacts scarce Herein guppies Horizonte Gerais Brazil 202 characterization 513 5 13 5/1 38.5% 385 38 (38.5% P 78 7 8 7. 125 25 (1-25 025. 025 0 . (0-25) S Moreover Cox1 Cox (Cox-1 97.8999.77% 97899977 97.89 99.77% 97 89 99 77 97.89-99.77 localities discussed 20 51 5/ 38.5 (38.5 12 2 (1-2 02 (0-25 (Cox- 8999 97.8999.77 9789997 9789 97.8 9977 99.77 9 97.89-99.7 38. (38. (1- (0-2 (Cox 899 97.8999.7 978999 978 97. 997 99.7 97.89-99. (38 (1 (0- 97.8999. 97899 99. 97.89-99 (3 ( (0 97.8999 97.89-9 97.899 97.89-

Resumo Schyzocotyle acheilognathi é um cestoide de peixes nativos da Ásia, mas tem sido reportado como uma espécie exótica em praticamente todos os demais continentes. Seu potencial invasor ocorre devido à sua baixa especificidade por hospedeiros, assim como alta adaptabilidade a distintos ambientes. Sua dispersão para novas áreas pode resultar em impactos econômicos e ecológicos. Estudos que relatam essa espécie na América do Sul ainda são escassos, o que indica a necessidade de monitorar sua dispersão para novas áreas. Neste trabalho, cestoides encontrados em lebistes, Poecilia reticulata, de um córrego urbano, localizado em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, em abril de 2021, foram submetidos à caracterização morfológica e molecular. Como resultado, 5/13 (38,5%) dos espécimes de P. reticulata avaliados estavam infectados com cestoides intestinais. Verificou-se uma intensidade média de infecção de 7,8 (1-25) e uma abundância média de infecção de 3 (0-25). A morfologia dos cestoides obtidos foi compatível com a de S. acheilognathi. Além disso, a análise genética, baseada no gene citocromo c oxidase subunidade 1 (Cox-1), revelou 97,89-99,77% de similaridade com isolados dessa espécie provenientes de diferentes localidades. Dessa forma, discute-se a possibilidade de S. acheilognathi estar se expandindo para novas regiões da América do Sul. Ásia continentes hospedeiros ambientes ecológicos escassos trabalho lebistes urbano Horizonte Gerais Brasil 2021 molecular resultado 513 5 13 5/1 38,5% 385 38 (38,5% P intestinais Verificouse Verificou 78 7 8 7, 125 25 (1-25 025. 025 0 . (0-25) S disso genética Cox1, Cox1 Cox , (Cox-1) 97,8999,77% 97899977 97,89 99,77% 97 89 99 77 97,89-99,77 localidades forma discutese discute 202 51 5/ 38,5 (38,5 12 2 (1-2 02 (0-25 (Cox-1 8999 97,8999,77 9789997 9789 97,8 9977 99,77 9 97,89-99,7 20 38, (38, (1- (0-2 (Cox- 899 97,8999,7 978999 978 97, 997 99,7 97,89-99, (38 (1 (0- (Cox 97,8999, 97899 99, 97,89-99 (3 ( (0 97,8999 97,89-9 97,899 97,89-

Resumen Se analizó la dieta de gatos (Felis silvestris catus) y perros (Canis lupus familiaris) errantes de la Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel (REPSA), Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Ciudad de México. Se examinaron 12 muestras de gatos y 55 de perros obtenidas mediante el Programa de Remediación de Fauna Feral, Secretaría Ejecutiva de la REPSA. La determinación de las especies consumidas se realizó comparando el material con ejemplares depositados en colecciones científicas; adicionalmente para mamíferos, se utilizaron patrones morfológicos de la cutícula y médula del pelo. El análisis mostró que la dieta de gatos y perros está compuesta, principalmente, de mamíferos medianos (Bassariscus astutus, Didelphis virginiana, Otospermophilus variegatus, Spilogale angustifrons y Sylvilagus floridanus) y pequeños (Mus musculus, Neotoma mexicana, Peromyscus gratus, Rattus norvegicus, Reithrodontomys fulvescens y Sorex saussurei), en menor proporción de reptiles e insectos, y material alimenticio de consumo humano. Los mamíferos nativos son más consumidos que los introducidos y que la dieta de gatos y perros incluye especies endémicas de México (S. saussurei, P. gratus y Peromyscus melanophrys) o en alguna categoría de riesgo (S. saussurei y la lagartija Sceloporus grammicus). Estos resultados proveen información para justificar y desarrollar alternativas de conservación en reservas ecológicas urbanas.

Abstract Diet analysis was performed on free ranging cats (Felis silvestris catus) and dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) from Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel (REPSA), Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Mexico City. Twelve samples of cats and 55 of dogs were analyzed as part of the Wildlife Remediation Program of the REPSA’s Executive Secretariat. The determination of consumed species was made by comparing the obtained remains with specimens deposited in scientific collections; additionally, for mammals, morphological scales patterns and hair marrow were examined. Our results showed that the diet of cats and dogs is mainly composed of medium-size mammals (Bassariscus astutus, Didelphis virginiana, Otospermophilus variegatus, Spilogale angustifrons, and Sylvilagus floridanus) and small mammals (Mus musculus, Neotoma mexicana, Peromyscus gratus, Rattus norvegicus, Reithrodontomys fulvescens, and Sorex saussurei), with a smaller proportion of reptiles and insects and food material for human consumption. The native mammals are consumed more than introduced mammals, and that diet of cats and dogs includes species endemic to Mexico (S. saussurei, P. gratus, and Peromyscus melanophrys) or in any risk category (S. saussurei and the lizard Sceloporus grammicus). These results provide information for justify and developing conservation alternatives in urban ecological reserves.

ABSTRACT The Tijuca National Park comprises the world's largest urban forest. It has a rich flora, with around 1,550 plant species. For the first time, the insect galls of this area were investigated. We carried out 12 monthly collections from January to December/2009. Samples of host plants were pressed and identified. Galls were photographed and characterized according to their external morphology and number of chambers. Gall-inducing insects and secondary inhabitants were obtained from gall dissecation as well as from rearing in laboratory. Data on origin and geographic distribution of plant species were retrieved from Flora e Funga do Brasil website. We found 72 gall morphotypes on 43 plant species (36 genera, and 23 families). Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae, Salicaeae and Melastomataceae were the botanical families with the highest gall richness. Psychotria cf. bahiensis DC. (Rubiaceae) and Serjania sp. (Sapindaceae) highlighted as super host plant species. Five host plants are endemic to Brazil; they shelters eight gall morphotypes. Due to the high specificity of the gall-inducing insects, we considered them co-endemic, Leaf galls were the most frequent. Gall-inducers were represented mainly by Cecidomyiidae. Galls of Tijuca National Park followed the patterns already known from Brazil, but it richness is relatively low when compared to other areas of the Atlantic forest. worlds world s forest flora 1550 1 550 1,55 time investigated December2009 December 2009 December/2009 identified chambers Gallinducing Gall inducing laboratory website 7 4 36 (3 genera 2 families. . families) Rubiaceae Sapindaceae cf DC (Rubiaceae sp (Sapindaceae Brazil gallinducing coendemic, coendemic co endemic, co-endemic frequent Gallinducers inducers Cecidomyiidae 155 55 1,5 December200 200 December/200 3 ( 15 5 1, December20 20 December/20 December2 December/2 December/

Resumo A segregação socioespacial é um processo que vem constituindo o espaço urbano, particularmente em contextos periféricos e de desigualdades socioeconômicas onde a restrição do contato aprofunda condições de uma urbanização desigual. Neste trabalho analisamos evidências empíricas quantitativas associadas a reflexões teórico-críticas sobre o processo de urbanização contemporânea adotando os conceitos de fragmentação e segregação para analisar 125 cidades brasileiras de porte médio, entre os anos 1985 e 2020, nas quais em 60% dos casos a expansão se deu em velocidades superiores ao crescimento populacional. Detalhamos estudo em Pelotas/RS e Blumenau/SC, às quais aplicamos índices espaciais locais de segregação (dissimilaridade e isolamento) buscando analisar a associação entre morfologia da expansão e indicadores locais de segregação. Para ambas as cidades observamos que os distintos padrões morfológicos de expansão ocorrem com certa estabilidade nos índices globais de dissimilaridade, cujas áreas de expansão urbana combinam e justapõem situações locais de isolamento socioeconômico para os extremos grupos de alta e baixa renda. Os resultados sugerem que a expansão urbana tem sido estruturada pela segregação socioespacial, cujos processos encontram na morfologia urbana interna mecanismos para garantir a separação e a restrição no contato entre grupos sociais distintos. urbano desigual teóricocríticas teórico críticas 12 médio 198 2020 60 populacional PelotasRS Pelotas RS BlumenauSC Blumenau SC Blumenau/SC dissimilaridade renda 1 19 202 6 20 2

Abstract Socio-spatial segregation is a process that has been constituted urban space, particularly in contexts of socioeconomic inequalities in which the restriction of contact deepens the condition of unequal urbanization. In this work we analyze quantitative empirical evidence associated with theoretical-critical reflections on the contemporary urbanization process, adopting the concepts of fragmentation and segregation to analyze 125 medium-sized Brazilian urban concentrations, between 1985 and 2020, in which in 60% of cases the expansion took place at a faster rate than population growth. We detail a study in Pelotas/RS and Blumenau/SC, to which we applied local spatial indices of segregation (dissimilarity and isolation) examining correlations with the morphology of the expansion areas (infill, edge and leapfrog). For both cities, we observed that the different morphological patterns of expansion occur with a certain stability in the global dissimilarity indices, whose areas of urban expansion combine and juxtapose local situations of socioeconomic isolation for the extreme groups of high and low income. The results suggest that urban expansion has been structured by fragmentation and segregation, contributing to hiding socio-spatial conflicts in peripheral urbanization through the separation and restriction of contacts between different social groups. Sociospatial Socio space theoreticalcritical theoretical critical 12 mediumsized medium sized concentrations 198 2020 60 growth PelotasRS Pelotas RS BlumenauSC Blumenau SC Blumenau/SC infill, infill (infill leapfrog. leapfrog . leapfrog) cities income sociospatial socio 1 19 202 6 20 2

Abstract Sapajus nigritus (Primates: Cebidae) is endemic of the Atlantic Forest, occurring from the Southeastern and Southern regions of Brazil to Northeastern Argentina. This species plays a role in two ecosystem services: seed dispersal through endozoochory and insect population control in agricultural plantations and forest environments. Fruits and invertebrates represent approximately 90% of their diet, and there is a large number of insects in the diet of S. nigritus in urban and conserved areas. However, it is known that insect diversity decreases in anthropized environments. Our objective was to identify the insects present in the fecal samples of S. nigritus from five Conservation Units in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. We aim to estimate the percentage of each taxon of insects found in feces either, hypothesizing that there are a greater variety of insect species in the diet of S. nigritus that inhabit preserved forested areas. A fecal screening was conducted using a light microscopy and the insects were identified based on their external morphology. Insect fragments were found in eight out of ten fecal samples of S. nigritus, revealing that they belonged to insects from five orders: Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera and Blattodea, suggesting a good conservation status of the sampling areas. Primates (Primates Cebidae Forest Argentina services environments 90 S areas However state either morphology orders Hymenoptera Hemiptera Orthoptera Blattodea 9

Abstract The influence of the microclimate of the physical environment on residential thermo-energetic performance is evaluated. Three nearby environments are considered in Grran Corrientes: densified urban, cleared suburban, and suburban with native forest. Temperature and Relative Humidity data are recorded by external sensors during the hottest 2022 summer period. For these three environments, the thermo-energetic performance of a house is simulated by EnergyPlus, keeping unchanged: its morphology/orientation, construction technology, use factor and air conditioning system. The results show a higher energy consumption with a higher percentage of residential hygro-thermal discomfort in a densified urban environment, followed by the cleared suburban, revealing better conditions in the presence of native vegetation. The mitigating effect of the vegetation on the microclimate of the physical environment is evident, which has a positive impact on the thermo-energetic performance of the house. The need to conserve the native forest in the design of new developments is pointed out.

Resumen Se evalúa la influencia del microclima del entorno físico en el comportamiento termo-energético residencial. Se consideran tres entornos próximos dentro del Gran Corrientes: urbano densificado, suburbano desmontado, y suburbano con monte nativo. Se registran, mediante sensores externos, los datos de Temperatura y Humedad Relativa durante el período estival más caluroso del 2022. Se simula, para estos tres entornos, el comportamiento termo-energético de una vivienda mediante EnergyPlus, manteniendo inalterables: su morfología/orientación, tecnología constructiva, factor de uso y sistema de climatización. Los resultados demuestran mayor consumo energético con mayor porcentaje de disconfort higro-térmico residencial en un entorno urbano densificado, seguido por el suburbano desmontado, revelando mejores condiciones en el entorno con monte nativo. Se evidencia el efecto mitigador de la vegetación sobre el microclima del entorno físico, que repercute positivamente en el comportamiento termo-energético de la vivienda. Se señala la necesidad de conservar el monte en el diseño de nuevas urbanizaciones.

Resumo Avalia-se a influência do microclima do ambiente físico no comportamento termo-energético residencial. Três ambientes próximos são considerados dentro do Gran Corrientes: urbano adensado, suburbano desmatado e suburbano com floresta nativa. Os dados de Temperatura e Umidade Relativa são registrados através de sensores externos durante o período mais quente do verão de 2022. O comportamento termo-energético de uma casa é simulado para esses três ambientes usando o EnergyPlus, mantendo inalterados: a sua morfologia/orientação, tecnologia construtiva, fator de uso e sistema de ar condicionado. Os resultados demostram maior consumo de energia com maior percentual de desconforto higrotérmico residencial em ambiente urbano adensado, seguido do suburbano desmatado, revelando melhores condições no ambiente com floresta nativa. Evidencia-se o efeito atenuante da vegetação no microclima do ambiente físico, o que tem um impacto positivo no comportamento termo-energético da moradia. Aponta-se a necessidade de conservação da floresta no desenho de novas urbanizações.

Abstract: Aim To explore the short-term effects of rainfall events on the biomass, density, and richness of the phytoplankton community during dry and rainy periods, as well as on the selection and response of Morphology-Based Functional Groups (MBFG). Methods The phytoplankton community and abiotic environmental variables were sampled over a short period in a subtropical urban lake during the dry and rainy seasons (2018-2019). Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) were generated to analyze the relationship between phytoplankton biovolume, density, and richness with abiotic variables. The predictability of phytoplankton functional groups was assessed using Redundancy Analysis (RDA). Results There was an increase in the density and biovolume of the phytoplankton community during the rainy period. Species richness decreased with increased rainfall. The lake exhibited a high dominance of Cyanobacteria (MBFG VIII), mainly represented by Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Aguilera in both periods studied. Conclusions We found evidence supporting the hypothesis that rainfall events increase the density and biovolume of phytoplankton. Morphology-based functional groups served as efficient indicators of the lake's environmental conditions. Abstract shortterm term biomass MorphologyBased Morphology Based MBFG. MBFG . (MBFG) 20182019. 20182019 2018 2019 (2018-2019) GLMs (GLMs RDA. RDA (RDA) VIII, VIII , VIII) Woloszynska (Woloszynska studied Morphologybased based lakes s conditions 2018201 201 (2018-2019 (RDA 201820 20 (2018-201 20182 2 (2018-20 (2018-2 (2018- (2018 (201 (20 (2 (

Resumo: Objetivo Explorar os efeitos a curto prazo de eventos de chuva na biomassa, densidade e riqueza da comunidade fitoplanctônica durante os períodos seco e chuvoso, bem como na seleção e resposta de Grupos Funcionais Baseados na Morfologia (MBFG). Métodos A comunidade fitoplanctônica e as variáveis ambientais abióticas foram amostradas em um curto período em um lago urbano subtropical durante as estações seca e chuvosa (2018-2019). Modelos Lineares Generalizados (GLMs) foram gerados para analisar a relação entre o biovolume, a densidade e a riqueza do fitoplâncton com as variáveis abióticas. A previsibilidade dos grupos funcionais de fitoplâncton foi avaliada usando Análise de Redundância (RDA). Resultados Houve um aumento da densidade e do biovolume da comunidade fitoplanctônica no período chuvoso. A riqueza de espécies diminuiu com o aumento da pluviosidade. O lago exibiu uma alta dominância de Cyanobacteria (MBFG VIII), principalmente representadas por Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Aguilera nos dois períodos estudados. Conclusões Encontramos evidências que sustentam a hipótese de que eventos de chuva aumentam a densidade e o biovolume do fitoplâncton. Os grupos funcionais baseados na morfologia serviram como indicadores eficientes das condições ambientais do lago. Resumo biomassa chuvoso MBFG. MBFG . (MBFG) 20182019. 20182019 2018 2019 (2018-2019) GLMs (GLMs RDA. RDA (RDA) pluviosidade VIII, VIII , VIII) Woloszynska (Woloszynska estudados 2018201 201 (2018-2019 (RDA 201820 20 (2018-201 20182 2 (2018-20 (2018-2 (2018- (2018 (201 (20 (2 (

Abstract: This article aims to develop the notion of water and borderscape in Puerto Quijarro and Guayaramerín, Bolivian cities located at the international border with Brazil. The study is supported by a fieldwork conducted in 2018, with the review of historical, geographical, population and field income background mainly in the Bolivian international border. Semi-structured interviews were applied to officials associated with border control and transportation, in addition to registering observations, photographs and informal conversations. Three interpretative approaches are proposed as a research result: the first is distant and historical for both cases; the second is proposed on an urban scale for Puerto Quijarro, analyzing its morphology and a mural; and the third approach is proposed with an intersubjective perspective for Guayaramerín. In conclusion, border and waterscapes allow to identify metaphors such as: isolation, wall, wall and island, which problematize the relationship between society and nature in this water border.

Resumen: El artículo tiene por objetivo desarrollar la noción de paisaje hídrico fronterizo en Puerto Quijarro y Guayaramerín, ciudades bolivianas localizadas al límite internacional con Brasil. El estudio se sostiene en un trabajo de campo realizado en 2018, con la revisión de antecedentes históricos, geográficos, poblacionales y de ingresos a terreno en el linde boliviano principalmente. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a funcionarios asociados al control y al transporte fronterizos, además de registrar observaciones, fotografías y conversaciones informales. Como resultado se proponen tres abordajes: el primero es distante e histórico para ambos casos; el segundo se plantea a escala urbana para Puerto Quijarro, analizando su morfología y un mural; y el tercer abordaje se plantea con una perspectiva intersubjetiva para Guayaramerín. En conclusión, los paisajes hídricos fronterizos permiten identificar narrativas sobre algunas metáforas: aislamiento, muralla, mural e isla, mismas que problematizan la relación entre sociedad y naturaleza en estas fronteras hídricas.

Abstract Zoogenetic resources, particularly the diversity of production-oriented domestic animal breeds, represent the primary biological capital for livestock development and are crucial for food security and sustainable rural development. The extinction of these resources implies the loss of varieties adapted to the local ecosystem. Preserving local breeds for the future enables a resilient response to unforeseen events, such as climate change. In Ecuador, there is a lack of a clear overview regarding their characterization. This study aims to elucidate the current status of the characterization of these resources by compiling and analyzing existing research. The results reveal a greater emphasis on phenotypic characterization studies than on genetic studies, with the latter exhibiting a technological dependence on foreign universities. Concerning national institutions, universities in major urban centers are notably absent from research related to this subject. Regarding the species under investigation, bovines and pigs account for more than half of the research efforts.

Resumen Los recursos zoogenéticos, en especial la diversidad de razas de animales domésticos de producción, son el principal capital biológico para el desarrollo ganadero y son vitales para la seguridad alimentaria y el desarrollo rural sostenible. La extinción de estos implica la pérdida de variedades adaptables al ecosistema local. Conservar razas locales para el futuro permitirá la respuesta a eventos imprevistos, como el cambio climático. En el Ecuador no hay un panorama claro sobre su caracterización. Este estudio pretende aclarar el estado actual de la caracterización de estos recursos, recopilando y analizando las investigaciones al respecto. Los resultados muestran un mayor desarrollo de los estudios sobre caracterización fenotípica que sobre la genética, en esta última se muestra una dependencia tecnológica de universidades extranjeras. En cuanto a las Instituciones nacionales, las universidades de grandes centros urbanos están ausentes en el trabajo relacionado a este tema. Sobre las especies estudiadas, los bovinos y los porcinos ocupan más de la mitad de las investigaciones.