Abstract: This study presents a methodology to assess the feasibility of turning a conventional road infrastructure for the circulation of motorized vehicles into a sustainable mobility system through the incorporation of bicycle lane. The methodology includes five stages developed in two key moments: the collection and definition of parameters based on a literature review and, the analysis of selected road axes according to the study parameters: roadway section, bicycle lane slope and potentially benefited population. The assessment of the road infrastructure is based on six categories ranging from 1 to 0, where 1 represents the ideal situation and 0 the limit situation. The study will be carried out on the roads connecting the peri-urban sub-centers with the urban center, with the objective of promoting the safe use of bicycles as a means of transportation in an intermediate city in the Andes of Latin America, Cuenca in Ecuador. The study of the four proposed road axes indicates which road presents the optimal conditions for the incorporation of a bicycle lane in its current conditions.

Resumen: Este estudio presenta una metodología innovadora para evaluar la viabilidad de transformar la infraestructura vial convencional en Cuenca, Ecuador, en un sistema de movilidad sostenible mediante la inclusión de carriles para bicicletas. La metodología se compone de cinco etapas distribuidas en dos momentos clave: la recopilación y definición de parámetros, basados en una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva, y el análisis de ejes viales seleccionados de acuerdo con los parámetros de estudio: sección de la calzada, pendiente de ciclovía y población potencialmente beneficiada. La valoración de la infraestructura vial se basa en una escala de seis categorías dende 1 representa la situación ideal y 0 la situación límite. Esta investigación se centra en las vías que conectan los subcentros periurbanos con el centro urbano, con el objetivo de fomentar el uso seguro de la bicicleta como medio de transporte en una ciudad intermedia de los Andes de América Latina, Cuenca en Ecuador. El análisis de los cuatro ejes viales propuestos revela la vía con las condiciones óptimas para la incorporación de una ciclovía en su estado actual.

Abstract: The unplanned and fragmented urban development of cities has caused them to be responsible for most of the planet's unsustainable development. Urban sustainability emerges as a response to this imbalance. Throughout its history, Guayaquil has shown unplanned urban growth that has continuously degraded its natural resources, such as forests and estuaries. The present research aims to evaluate the level of sustainability resulting from such change at the neighborhood level in Guayaquil. The study analyzes urban indicators of six representative neighbourhoods of the city regarding socioeconomic and historical factors. Thus, indicators were analyzed with respect to form, diversity, mobility, and environmental quality. The methodology includes an analysis for selecting variables, a study of the neighbourhoods' morphology using geo-portal map and information gathering through field studies and data processing. The results allow inferring the variables' influence on the sustainability level of each analyzed neighbourhood and how density, diversity and environmental quality play a vital role in developing greater sustainability at the neighbourhood and city levels.

Resumen: El desarrollo urbano no planificado y fragmentado de las ciudades ha ocasionado que estas sean responsables de la mayor parte del desarrollo no sustentable del planeta. La sostenibilidad urbana surge como medida de respuesta ante esta descompensación. La ciudad de Guayaquil presenta a lo largo de su historia un crecimiento urbano no planificado que continuamente ha degradado sus recursos naturales, como bosques y esteros. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar el nivel de sostenibilidad resultante de tal crecimiento a nivel barrial en Guayaquil. El estudio analiza indicadores urbanos de seis barrios representativos de la ciudad en cuanto a factores socioeconómicos e históricos. Se analizaron indicadores con respecto a la forma, diversidad, movilidad y calidad ambiental. La metodología utilizada recoge un análisis para la selección de variables, estudio de la morfología de los barrios realizada por medio de mapas de geo portales, relevamiento de información a través de estudio de campo y procesamiento de datos. Los resultados permiten inferir la influencia de las variables en el nivel de sostenibilidad de cada uno de los barrios analizados y como la densidad, la diversidad y calidad ambiental desempeñan un papel primordial en el desarrollo de una mayor sostenibilidad a nivel barrial y de ciudad.

Abstract The aim of this work was to carry out a bibliometric research on cycling and the built environment of urban areas among the articles found in the Web of Science database in order to gather information on the main works related to these themes on urban mobility. A total of 849 works were found, published between 1998 and 2021, involving 2,263 authors and 178 sources. The main authors on the topics are from the USA, China, Canada, Australia and Belgium. It was observed that most of the most relevant works on the subject have in common the relationship between health, physical activity, cycling, transport and urban environment. As for the most relevant journals, the “Transportation Research Record” stands out as the most relevant within the analyzed themes. It is observed that the subject, although emerging, has not been published by indexed journals in Latin America, with the exception of the journal “ReHuSo - Revista de Ciencias Humanísticas y Sociales” which recorded scientific production.

Resumen O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar uma pesquisa bibliométrica sobre ciclismo e o ambiente construído das áreas urbanas dentre os artigos encontrados na base de dados Web of Science a fim de se levantar informações sobre os principais trabalhos relacionados a estes temas sobre mobilidade urbana. Encontrou-se 849 trabalhos, publicados entre 1998 e 2021, envolvendo 2.263 autores e 178 fontes. Os principais autores sobre os temas são dos E.U.A., China, Canadá, Austrália e Bélgica. Observou-se que a maioria dos trabalhos mais relevantes sobre o assunto possuem em comum a relação entre os temas saúde, atividade física, ciclismo, transporte e ambiente urbano. Quanto aos periódicos mais relevantes, destaca-se o “Transportation Research Record” como o mais relevante dentro dos temas analisados. Observa-se que o assunto, apesar de emergente, não tem sido publicado por periódicos indexados da América Latina, com a exceção da Revista “ReHuSo - Revista de Ciencias Humanísticas y Sociales”que registrou produção científica.

La comprensión de las prácticas de movilidad de mujeres agricultoras en función de la comercialización de sus productos resulta de suma importancia para identificar sus necesidades y desafíos como grupo social vulnerable. La investigación analizó las prácticas de movilidad y comercialización que utilizan las mujeres agricultoras de la parroquia rural Sinincay, del cantón Cuenca, Ecuador. Mediante la asunción de una metodología mixta de carácter transversal, se aplicaron encuestas para la recolección de información. Los resultados revelaron que las oportunidades para comercializar productos se concentran en el área urbana. El 57.7 de las mujeres comercializa sus productos en lugares no aptos para ello, principalmente en la vía pública, cerca de mercados y plazas. El 72.3 %, al no disponer de vehículo propio dependen de otros medios de transporte, situación que incide en la inversión de tiempo y costo de los desplazamientos. Además, el 93.8 % no forma parte de ninguna organización, lo que conlleva a la realización de la mayoría de viajes de forma individual. Estos hallazgos constituyen un insumo importante para que los organismos pertinentes generen acciones para mejorar la situación de este importante grupo poblacional.

Compreender as práticas de mobilidade das mulheres agricultoras com base na comercialização dos seus produtos é de extrema importância para identificar as suas necessidades e desafios como grupo social vulnerável. A pesquisa analisou as práticas de mobilidade e marketing utilizadas pelas mulheres agricultoras na freguesia rural de Sinincay, no cantão de Cuenca, Equador. Assumindo uma metodologia transversal mista, foram aplicados inquéritos para recolha de informação. Os resultados revelaram que as oportunidades de comercialização dos produtos estão concentradas na zona urbana. 57,7% das mulheres vendem seus produtos em locais não adequados para isso, principalmente na via pública, próximo a mercados e praças. 72,3%, por não possuírem veículo próprio, dependem de outros meios de transporte, situação que afeta o investimento de tempo e custo da viagem. Além disso, 93,8% não fazem parte de nenhuma organização, o que faz com que a maioria das viagens seja feita individualmente. Estas conclusões constituem um contributo importante para que as organizações relevantes possam gerar ações para melhorar a situação deste importante grupo populacional.

Understanding women farmers' mobility practices in marketing their products is of utmost importance in identifying their needs and challenges as a vulnerable social group. The research analyzed the mobility and marketing practices used by women farmers in the rural parish of Sinincay in the canton of Cuenca, Ecuador. Using a mixed methodology of a cross-sectional nature, surveys were applied to collect information. The results revealed that the opportunities for marketing products are concentrated in the urban area. A total of 57.7% of the women market their products in places not suitable for this purpose, mainly on public roads, near markets and squares. Since 72.3 % do not have their own vehicle, they depend on other means of transportation, a situation that affects the investment of time and the cost of travel. In addition, 93.8% do not belong to any organization, which means that most trips are made individually. These findings constitute an essential input for the relevant agencies to generate actions to improve the situation of this important population group.

BACKGROUND: Freedom of movement, which is dependent on community mobility, is a key contributor to good quality of life and important in the establishment of a person's community identity OBJECTIVE: To describe the community mobility experiences of wheelchair users who lived in a socio-economically challenged setting METHOD: The study setting was Paarl, a peri-urban area of the Western Cape province of South Africa. This article reports findings from phase 1 (a reflection on past community mobility and minibus taxi use experiences) of cycle 1 of a co-operative inquiry. Nine adult wheelchair users, eight caregivers, six minibus taxi drivers, and four community stakeholders participated. Data were collected during a focus group discussion and analysed using inductive thematic analysis RESULTS: Four themes, 'Knowledge, attitudes, and actions', 'Natural, manmade and mechanical environmental barriers', 'Health and safety concerns' and 'Poor community participation and quality of life' were identified. The themes showed how difficult an everyday activity like moving around in the community were for wheelchair users, and how that limited their community involvement CONCLUSIONS: Wheelchair users living in a low-income peri-urban area struggled to participate in community activities meaningful to them because various barriers hampered community wheelchair mobility and minibus taxi use CONTRIBUTION: The findings regarding community mobility struggles and specifically minibus taxi access guided specific recommendations and the further phases and cycles of the co-operative inquiry. The purpose of the co-operative inquiry was to allow co-researchers to find their voice and develop solutions to minibus taxi access for wheelchair users

Abstract Many capital cities are expanding bicycle lanes or investing in public bike-sharing systems to make cycling mobility a viable transport solution within urban areas. While bicycles are fit for short-distance trips (<15 minutes), their attractiveness declines for longer trips (Ton et al., 2020; Handy et al., 2014; Jäppinen et al., 2013). So, it is opportune to estimate to what extent the accessibility can be increased when intermodal solutions are available. In this paper, a quantitative analysis of different mobility scenarios is conducted. The aim is to evaluate how time travel and accessibility to amenities by bike, can be improved if public transportation such, as the train, is considered. The analysis uses open data and detailed GIS-based network analysis to examine the spatial relationship between transport opportunities, travel time and amenities access in Lisbon, Portugal. Three mobility scenarios are considered: in the first scenario, short-distance trips by bike from home are evaluated (15- minute travel). Then, to evaluate the contribution in time travel of potential modal shift (bike and train) vs individual car, second and third scenarios are presented considering longer distance travels within the city of Lisbon, during peak hours. Results suggest that for longer trips, the combined use of bicycle and train infrastructure can be a faster or more convenient alternative to individual car use. Also, multimodal cycling can expand riders’ area of influence and thus increase the accessibility to opportunities. So, people living near train stations can beneficiate from a “potential” proximity to a diversity of amenities that are geographically more distant. In Lisbon, 34% of the population live within the 10-minute bicycle catchment areas around the 8 train stations from Cintura Line and can thus benefit from this combination of transport modes. City planners can use this methodology to prioritize spaces where investing in accessibility can have the largest impact in terms of improving connections between homes and destinations. This methodology, developed and tested in Lisbon, can be applied in other cities to support planning interventions regarding sustainable transport alternatives.

Resumen: En Guayaquil, como en muchas ciudades latinoamericanas, debido a su crecimiento territorial desbalanceado coexisten áreas muy dinámicas con otras fuertemente rezagadas. Desde el año 2021 la Municipalidad de Guayaquil incorpora en su planificación a las centralidades o núcleos multifuncionales, para optimizar su funcionamiento y desconcentrar al centro tradicional, las centralidades pueden ser de tipo urbana, zonal, barrial o sectorial. El presente estudio aborda a la centralidad zonal de La Alborada, con núcleos de interés y diversidad de comercio de proximidad coexistentes con un entorno residencial, condición que hace necesario caracterizar los usos del suelo a mediana y pequeña escala en su contexto comercial y residencial. La metodología adoptada recoge información catastral del geoportal municipal, para mapear, actualizar y clasificar las actividades comerciales, incluyendo la altura de edificaciones, tipos de vías y de manera general a través de recorridos de observación la percepción que tienen las personas de los espacios públicos de uso peatonal. Los principales resultados demuestran diversidad de actividades y servicios, y la consolidación del uso comercial en la periferia de las catorce etapas. Evidencia también a las edificaciones fuera de norma y la tendencia a especialidades de los usos comerciales, existiendo en algunas etapas más de diez locales próximos para una actividad especifica, como restaurantes y tratamientos estéticos. Concluyendo que, los espacios públicos colindantes con los locales comerciales son forzosamente utilizados como vestíbulos a cielo abierto, obligando al usuario a ocupar espacios previstos para la circulación peatonal, afectando la movilidad segura, confortable y eficiente de los residentes y usuarios.

Abstract: In Guayaquil, like many Latin American cities, very dynamic areas coexist with others that are strongly lagging because of their unbalanced territorial growth. Since 2021, the Municipality of Guayaquil has incorporated centralities or multifunctional centers into its planning to optimize its operation and decentralize the traditional center. The centralities can be urban, zonal, neighborhood, or sectoral. This study addresses the zonal centrality of La Alborada, with nuclei of interest and the diversity of local commerce coexisting with a residential environment, making it necessary to characterize the uses of the land on a medium and small scale in its commercial and residential context. The adopted methodology collects cadastral information from the municipal geoportal to map, update, and classify commercial activities, including the height of buildings, types of roads, and, in general, through observation tours, people's perception of public spaces for pedestrian use. The results show diverse activities and services and commercial use consolidation on the fourteen stages' periphery. They also show non-compliant buildings and the trend towards specialties in commercial uses, with over ten nearby businesses in some stages of a specific activity, such as restaurants and aesthetic treatments. Concluding that the public spaces adjoining the commercial premises are forcibly used as open-air lobbies, forcing the user to occupy spaces provided for pedestrian circulation, affecting the safe, comfortable, and efficient mobility of residents and users.

Resumen: Los recursos urbanos como equipamientos, servicios y sitios turísticos son núcleos atractores de personas. En la estructura urbana, los modos de movilidad que dispone un lugar le imprimen un rol determinante complementado con la accesibilidad y conectividad, cuya efectividad es medible a escala territorial menor, como un sector o un barrio. Los efectos negativos de la pandemia SARS-2 COVID-19, generaron la tendencia al aislamiento de barrios, como el caso de La Alborada en Guayaquil, cuyos accesos peatonales en su mayoría están bloqueados, realidad que difiere de lo esperado, ya que es el sector de mayor dinamismo económico. Este estudio tiene como objetivo cuantificar las variables de la movilidad peatonal y capacidad de acogida de personas del principal eje comercial de La Alborada. Para ello se utilizaron mapas oficiales, mediciones y datos de observación directa recolectados en el espacio público. Los resultados indican que el corredor comercial tipo lineal está dividido en 5 tramos, en los iniciales y final (1, 2 y 5) es deficitaria la accesibilidad, los intermedios (3 y 4) poseen aceras accesibles, arbolado en aceras y parterre por intervenciones públicas; los indicadores deficitarios son la ausencia de bancas para el descanso, la permeabilidad visual es media en planta baja por espacios sin escenarios como los parqueos.

Abstract: Urban resources such as equipment, services, and touristic sites are attracting nuclei of people. In the urban structure, the modes of mobility a location possesses give it a determining role complemented by accessibility and connectivity whose effectiveness is measurable on a smaller territorial scale, such as a sector or a neighborhood. The adverse effects of the SARS-2 COVID-19 pandemic generated the tendency to isolate neighborhoods, such as the case of La Alborada in Guayaquil, with most of its pedestrian accesses blocked, a reality that differs since it is the sector with the most remarkable economic dynamism. This study aims to quantify the variables of pedestrian mobility and the capacity to accommodate people on the central commercial axis using official maps, measurements, and direct observation data collected in public spaces. The results reflect that the linear commercial corridor is segmented into five sections. In the initial and final sections (1, 2, and 5), accessibility is deficient. The intermediate ones (3 and 4) have accessible sidewalks, trees on the sidewalks, and street medians because of public interventions; the deficit indicators are the absence of benches for rest; visual permeability is mild on the ground floor because of non-scenic spaces such as parking lots.

Abstract Obesity also poses important long-term challenges such as high potential for negative impacts on the quality of life of an individual, prevalence of chronic diseases that reduces life expectancy, high cost of future medical care, all affecting future generations in terms of productivity (Trogdon, Finkelstein, Hylands, Dellea y Kamal-Bahl 2008). The prevalence of obesity and overweight in adults has increased significantly in recent decades, and the scientific community has accepted that the environment built by man has played a key role in it. This paper, of a critical reflective nature, is the result of a documentary research carried out on the essential review of publications produced mostly in the last 15 years. It will address the relationship between obesity and the built environment, as well as to how it can vary considerably, depending on the geographical area concerned -Europe, North or Latin America-, both mainly by the urbanization models followed, as well as by reasons of urban policies, cultural and idiosyncratic factors associated with this urbanization. While other studies emerge, it can be said that there is a lot of work to be done in terms of planning, urban design, and architecture, in the diffuse and compact neighborhoods.

Resumen La obesidad plantea importantes desafíos a largo plazo: alto potencial de impactos negativos en la calidad de vida de un individuo; prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas que reducen la esperanza de vida; alto costo de la atención médica futura, todo ello afectando las generaciones futuras en términos de productividad (Trogdon, Finkelstein, Hylands, Dellea y Kamal-Bahl 2008). El predominio de la obesidad en adultos y el sobrepeso se ha incrementado significativamente en las últimas décadas, y la comunidad científica ha aceptado que el ambiente construido por el hombre ha jugado un papel clave en ello. Este artículo, de carácter reflexivo crítico, es fruto de una investigación documental basado en la revisión crucial de publicaciones producidas mayormente en los últimos 15 años. Se aborda la relación entre obesidad y ambiente construido y cómo puede variar sensiblemente, según el área geográfica de que se trate -latinoamericana, norteamericana o europea-, principalmente por los modelos de urbanización asumidos, así como por razones de políticas urbanas, factores culturales e idiosincráticos asociados con la urbanización. Mientras surgen otros estudios, se puede afirmar que hay mucho trabajo por hacer en materia de planificación, diseño urbano y arquitectura, en los vecindarios difusos y compactos.

Abstract Objective: the purpose of this pre-feasibility study was to examine perceptions and experiences of a Sit-to-stand activity with urban Brazilian community-dwelling older people in their homes. Method: the exploration method was focused ethnography. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 20 older people. Five means of data generation were used, namely: socio-demographic surveys, participant observations, informal interviews, formal semi-structured interviews, and field notes. Data analysis was qualitative content analysis. Results: the experience of mobility-challenged older people with the Sit-to-stand activity was dependent on their mobility expectations involving many factors that worked together to influence their beliefs and attitudes towards the activity, preferences, behaviors, and cultural perceptions. The participants of this study seemed to find the activity enjoyable; however, the most noticeable shortcomings for their engagement in the Sit-to-stand activity emerged as gaps in their personal and intrapersonal needs. Conclusion: the recommendations generated from the study findings call for the design of implementation strategies for the Sit-to-stand intervention that are tailored to this particular population’s needs.

Resumen Objetivo: el propósito de este estudio de viabilidad previa fue examinar percepciones y experiencias con respecto a la actividad Sit-to-stand entre los adultos mayores de Brasil que viven en sus hogares en comunidades urbanas. Método: el método de exploración se enfocó en la etnografía. Se utilizó muestreo intencional para reclutar 20 adultos mayores. Se emplearon cinco medios para generar datos, a saber: encuestas sociodemográficas, observaciones participantes, entrevistas informales, entrevistas formales semiestructuradas y notas de campo. Para el análisis de los datos se recurrió a análisis de contenido cualitativo. Resultados: la experiencia de los adultos mayores con problemas de movilidad en relación con la actividad Sit-to-stand dependió de sus expectativas en torno a la movilidad, las cuales implicaron muchos factores que actuaron en conjunto para influenciar sus creencias y actitudes con respecto a la actividad, al igual que preferencias, conductas y percepciones culturales. Aparentemente, a los participantes de este estudio la actividad les resultó amena; sin embargo, los inconvenientes más notorios para adoptar la actividad Sit-to-stand surgió en la forma de déficits en sus necesidades personales e intrapersonales. Conclusión: las recomendaciones resultantes de los hallazgos del estudio indican la necesidad de diseñar estrategias de implementación para la intervención Sit-to-stand a la medida de las necesidades de este grupo poblacional específico.

Resumo Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo de pré-viabilidade foi examinar percepções e experiências da atividade de Sit-to-stand com idosos brasileiros residentes em suas casas, no meio urbano. Método: o método exploratório foi etnografia focada. Foi utilizada a amostragem intencional para recrutar 20 idosos. Foram utilizados cinco meios de geração de dados: inquéritos sociodemográficos, observações participantes, entrevistas informais, entrevistas formais semiestruturadas e notas de campo. Os dados foram analisados mediante análise de conteúdo qualitativo. Resultados: a experiência dos idosos com problemas de mobilidade na realização da atividade Sit-to-stand dependia de suas expectativas de mobilidade envolvendo muitos fatores coordenados que, de forma conjunta, influenciaram suas crenças e atitudes em relação à atividade, suas preferências, seus comportamentos e percepções culturais. Os participantes deste estudo pareciam considerar a atividade aprazível; no entanto, as deficiências mais perceptíveis para o engajamento dos participantes na atividade Sit-to-stand surgiram de falhas em suas necessidades pessoais e intrapessoais. Conclusão: as recomendações geradas a partir dos achados do estudo convocam a concepção de estratégias de implementação da intervenção Sit-to-stand adaptadas às necessidades dessa população em particular.

This work is about the choices of urban routes, about the everyday encounters and mismatches in the act of walking, about the way of experiencing the city. The central question is: How are the relationships of sociability with the other (citizen) and the interaction with the city configured in the urban routes of bus passengers from the act of walking? The answer to this question is important to understand not only the interrelation between walkability (the act of walking) and bus transportation, but also the social relations that this form of mobility provides for urban vitality. The general objective is to analyze the routes of urban bus passengers in Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, observing the existing walkability and social interactions. To achieve the goal a field research is proposed through observation from the concepts of "floating observation" (PETTONE), "tracking" (GEHL and SVARRE) and the perspective "up close and inside" (MAGNANI). Through the field research, different pathways were ascertained, as well as the different dynamics that enhance and or inhibit walking these pathways. It is expected that the research, by gathering a variety of paths, can identify these different paths, ways of walking and socialization in the public space of the street. This may contribute to the discussion of public policies for urban mobility, especially walking and its integration with public transportation.

Este trabalho é sobre as escolhas de percursos urbanos, os encontros e desencontros cotidianos no ato de caminhar e a forma de vivenciar a cidade. A pergunta central é: Como as relações de sociabilidade e a interação com a cidade se configuram nos percursos urbanos dos passageiros dos ônibus a partir do ato de caminhar? A resposta para essa pergunta é importante para entender não só a inter-relação entre caminhabilidade e transporte por ônibus, mas também as relações sociais que essa forma de mobilidade proporciona para a vitalidade urbana. O objetivo geral foi analisar os percursos dos passageiros de ônibus urbanos em Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, observando a caminhabilidade e interações sociais existentes. O foco nos passageiros dos ônibus visa ainda questionar as condições de caminhabilidade e as sociabilidades no entorno dos pontos de acesso ao transporte público, uma vez que consideramos um espaço público conformado na região onde se encontra a rodoviária no centro tradicional do município e também órgãos públicos, praça, comércios populares, feiras, etc. Para atingir o objetivo tem sido desenvolvida uma pesquisa de campo através da observação a partir dos conceitos de “observação flutuante” (PETTONET), “rastreamento” (GEHL e SVARRE) e da perspectiva “de perto e de dentro” (MAGNANI). Os resultados indicam a constatação de percursos diferentes, além das diferentes dinâmicas e condições do lugar que potencializam e ou inibem o caminhar nesses percursos. Espera-se que a pesquisa, possa contribuir para as discussões de políticas públicas de mobilidade urbana, sobretudo o caminhar e sua integração com o transporte coletivo.

RESUMEN Las dificultades de movilidad causadas por la segregación espacial ponen de relieve los problemas económicos, sociales y ambientales a los que se expone la población emplazada en las zonas rezagadas. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y comparar las condiciones de movilidad de los trabajadores de las zonas periurbanas de Cuenca y con ello determinar la segregación espacial a la que están expuestos. La metodología transversal de carácter cuantitativo partió de un análisis a dos escalas en el que se consideró la densidad poblacional como unidad de análisis. Se identificó que el 35% de las viviendas periurbanas no cuenta con servicio de autobuses, situación que se complejiza por la alta dependencia laboral de sus habitantes respecto de la ciudad y la poca disponibilidad de vehículos propios. Esta segregación espacial se presentó principalmente en las zonas menos densas, cuyos residentes tienen mayores limitaciones para acceder a las zonas de empleo.

ABSTRACT The mobility difficulties caused by spatial segregation expose the economic, social and environmental problems to which populations that inhabit left-behind areas face. The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the mobility conditions of workers in peri-urban areas of Cuenca and thus determine the spatial segregation to which they are exposed. The quantitative cross-sectional methodology is based on a two-scale analysis in which population density is considered the unit of analysis. The work identifies that 35% of peri-urban households do not have bus services, a situation that is complicated given high labor dependency on the city and limited car ownership. The work shows that spatial segregation occurred mainly in the low-density areas, which have less access to employment areas.

RESUMEN En ciudades latinoamericanas de tamaño intermedio, uno de los modos más utilizados para los desplazamientos urbanos es el transporte público; sin embargo, la percepción de inseguridad ante ciertas situaciones ha ocasionado en los usuarios una barrera que condiciona su uso, especialmente para las mujeres. El propósito de esta investigación es establecer cómo la percepción de inseguridad incide en el uso del transporte público a partir de la identificación de situaciones que, desde cada género, son percibidas como inseguras, tomando como caso de estudio a Tunja, Colombia. Se aplicó una Encuesta de Percepción de Inseguridad y se realizó un análisis estadístico que permitió identificar que, a diferencia de los hombres, las mujeres cambian su comportamiento de viaje ante situaciones percibidas como inseguras. Así, la planificación del sistema de transporte debería incluir la percepción de inseguridad y el género al diseñar una política pública cuyo propósito sea satisfacer las necesidades de movilidad.

ABSTRACT In Latin American cities of intermediate size, one of the most used modes for urban travel is public transport, however, the perception of insecurity in certain situations has caused users a barrier that conditions their use, especially for women. The purpose of this research is to establish how the perception of insecurity affects the use of public transport, from the identification of situations perceived as insecure, taking Tunja, Colombia as a case study. We applied an Insecurity Perception Survey along with statistical analysis to identify that, unlike men, women change their travel behavior in situations perceived as unsafe. Thus, the planning of the transport system should include the perception of insecurity and gender when designing public policy that seek to meet mobility needs.

Abstract Since 2020, the world has been experiencing a health crisis that affects most seriously segments of the population that are more vulnerable in socioeconomic terms. In this context, this article defends the need for a new civilizational model based on the concept of commons, an alternative to the current neoliberalism. The hypothesis proposed here conceptualizes digital technologies, the city and its public services, mobility in particular, as institutions of the commons that, as such, can contribute to the construction of another civilizational model related to sustainable, resilient, and inclusive cities. Diverse approaches to urban commons have produced evidences that prove the hypothesis. In its conclusion, the article presents guidelines for an agenda based on urban commons that provide political leaders with elements to formulate an innovative model for the participatory management of mobility in cities.

Resumo Desde 2020, o mundo vive uma crise sanitária atingindo com maior gravidade segmentos da população mais vulneráveis em termos socioeconômicos. Nesse contexto, este artigo defende a necessidade de um novo modelo civilizacional alternativo ao neoliberalismo atual, baseado no conceito dos comuns. Coloca-se a hipótese que conceitua as tecnologias digitais, a cidade e seus serviços públicos, a mobilidade em especial, enquanto instituições dos comuns, podendo contribuir para a construção de outro modelo civilizacional relativo a cidades sustentáveis, resilientes e inclusivas. Abordagens diversas sobre comuns urbanos apontam evidências que comprovam essa hipótese. Conclui-se com diretrizes para uma agenda baseada nos comuns urbanos que forneçam, às lideranças políticas, elementos para construir um novo modelo de gestão participativa da mobilidade nas cidades.

Abstract The article analyzes data from a research carried out in Fortaleza, with the objective of reflecting on the home-work journey and its socio-spatial characteristics, and also on the relationship between modes of transport and time. It shows concentration of jobs in the central area (north--east) and population concentration in a west- -south peripheral belt, with a tendency towards monofunctionality. This points to the spatial mismatch that affects the poor population, penalized by long, time-consuming journeys on public transport. The research demonstrates that the upper classes benefit from shorter and faster journeys from home to work, while the public transport system suffers from disorganization and inefficiency, and the Integration Bus Terminals add much more time to the home-work journey.

Resumo Este artigo analisa os dados de pesquisa realizada em Fortaleza, com objetivo de refletir sobre o deslocamento casa-trabalho e suas características socioespaciais, bem como sobre a relação entre modais de transporte e tempo. Demonstra a concentração de postos de trabalho na zona central (norte-leste), enquanto há concentração populacional num cinturão periférico oeste-sul, com tendência à monofuncionalidade. Isto aponta para o spatial mismatch que acomete a população mais pobre, penalizada ainda com jornadas mais longas e demoradas no transporte público. A pesquisa demonstra como as classes altas são beneficiadas com jornadas mais curtas e rápidas, ao passo que o sistema público de transporte sofre de desorganização e ineficiência e os terminais rodoviários de integração adicionam muito mais tempo à jornada casa-trabalho.