Abstract In March 1913, Armando de Almeida won the "Semana Desportiva" (Sports Week) marathon organised by the newspaper O Mundo. In May of the same year, he repeated the feat by winning the marathon at the National Olympic Games, then the most important athletics competition in the country. For these victories, he is considered the national marathon champion for 1913 by the Federação Portuguesa de Atletismo (Portuguese Athletics Federation). It is worth noting that the Federação Portuguesa de Atletismo only formally existed in 1921. Against the backdrop of significant political and social upheaval and within an elitist and largely unstructured ecosystem, Armando de Almeida stood out among the core group of athletes participating in these new forms of leisure and mass cultural demonstrations - long-distance pedestrian races. His active involvement in the running culture of the metropolis coincided with the emergence and growth of the Black movement (1911-1933) - which pioneered political activism against racism in Portugal. This text delves into the recovery of photographs and narratives from the early days of Portuguese athletics, aiming to biograph Armando de Almeida. Through an exercise of empathy and activism, it contributes to the debate, counteracting historical oversights and invisibilities. Additionally, it attempts to reconstruct the connections between the athlete's emancipatory endeavours and the organisation of political and social movements during the turbulent period of the First Republic. Set in the capital of a colonial empire with a notable presence of people of African descent, it explores this centuries-old historical phenomenon.

Resumo Em março de 1913, Armando de Almeida venceu a maratona da “Semana Desportiva” do jornal O Mundo. Em maio do mesmo ano repetiu a proeza ao vencer a maratona dos Jogos Olímpicos Nacionais, na altura, a mais importante competição de atletismo no país. Por essas vitórias, é considerado o campeão nacional da maratona para o ano de 1913 pela Federação Portuguesa de Atletismo. Recordemos que a Federação Portuguesa de Atletismo só existe formalmente desde 1921. É, conjuntamente, num contexto de grande perturbação político-social e num ecossistema elitista, programaticamente desestruturado, que Armando de Almeida se destaca do grupo matricial de atletas que tomavam parte nestas novas formas de lazer e demonstrações de cultura de massas - as corridas pedestres de longa distância. A sua presença ativa na cultura de corrida da metrópole é contemporânea com a origem e constituição do movimento negro (1911-1933) - pioneiro no combate político antirracista em Portugal. Neste texto, que tem como ponto de partida o resgate de fotografias e narrativas dos primórdios da história e da memória do atletismo português, procuramos biografar Armando de Almeida, num exercício simultâneo de empatia e militância como contributo para o debate, contrariando invisibilidades consequentes de negligências historiográficas. Tentamos, também, reconstituir a possibilidade de articulação entre os percursos emancipatórios do atleta com a organização de movimentos políticos e sociais no tumultuoso momento histórico da Primeira República, numa capital de império colonial, com expressiva presença de pessoas afrodescendentes, esse fenómeno histórico plurissecular.

The economic upheaval of COVID-19 forced companies to invest in emerging technologies to aid recovery. One such technology is extended reality, which is becoming a mature and innovative tool. Early adopters are seeing significant benefits in learning, training, immersive data visualization, and remote assistance. In South Africa, the mining industry is increasingly interested in using extended reality to optimize and innovate operations. The Minerals Council of South Africa's July 2021 report highlighted the potential of extended reality's to achieve zero-harm production and modernize the industry. However, the extent of extended reality adoption in mining remains unclear due to limited information on its usage. This study addressed this gap by distributing an online survey to assess awareness, knowledge, and current uses of extended reality in South Africa's mining sector. The results indicated that virtual and augmented reality had the highest levels of awareness and usage, primarily for learning and training. Mixed reality, however, had the lowest awareness and knowledge levels. In terms of applications, visualization and remote assistance had the least use cases. These findings highlight that the South African mining industry is deficient in its understanding and use of extended reality technologies. Without better awareness and application, the South African industry risks missing out on the full benefits of extended reality. The study underlines the need for the South African mining industry to improve its outlook on extended reality technologies to fully leverage their potential applications and benefits.

La educación ha experimentado cambios significativos debido a la conmoción social, económica y, sobre todo, sanitaria causada por la pandemia de Covid-19. Este evento ha obligado a aquellos con las condiciones adecuadas a realizar una transición temporal hacia una nueva forma de recibir la educación. En este sentido, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo: evaluar cómo respondieron los docentes durante la educación remota y su capacidad para adaptarse a este nuevo modelo, a través de un análisis documental de los últimos cinco años. Se utilizó el método analítico, para conocer el nivel de preparación de los docentes en competencias digitales en el contexto latinoamericano entre los años 2019 y 2023, a través de una recopilación de datos, mediante una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica disponible en repositorios y bibliotecas. El enfoque de este estudio fue cualitativo y descriptivo, basado en artículos especializados. Como resultado principal, se encontró una necesidad urgente de implementar un plan de formación que aborde las necesidades de los docentes en competencias digitales. En conclusión, es esencial que los docentes interactúen y dominen las herramientas tecnológicas para no solo consumir información y recursos, sino también para ser productores de contenido educativo

Education has undergone significant changes due to the social, economic and, above all, health upheaval caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. This event has forced those with the right conditions to make a temporary transition to a new way of receiving education. In this sense, the objective of this article is to: evaluate how teachers responded during remote education and their ability to adapt to this new model, through a documentary analysis of the last five years. The analytical method was used to know the level of preparation of teachers in digital skills in the Latin American context between 2019 and 2023, through a data collection, through an exhaustive review of the scientific literature available in repositories and libraries. The focus of this study was qualitative and descriptive, based on specialized articles. As a main result, an urgent need was found to implement a training plan that addresses the needs of teachers in digital skills. In conclusion, it is essential that teachers interact and master technological tools to not only consume information and resources, but also to be producers of educational content

ABSTRACT Introduction: Medical residents constitute a risk group for emotional and behavioral disorders, which can lead to Burnout Syndrome, negatively interfering with the care provided. Objective: To identify the stressors experienced by Gynecology and Obstetrics residents of a teaching maternity hospital in southern Brazil and estimate the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome among them. Method: Data was collected from August to December 2020 with 21 residents and comprised two stages: the first consisted of a semi-structured interview, using a guide script, aiming to identify the stressors experienced by the GO residents. Subsequently, the participants received a self-administered questionnaire that aimed to measure the level of Burnout based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Qualitative data analysis was performed using the Collective Subject Discourse methodology. Quantitative data analysis was performed using the analytical description of the data. Results: Among the stressors experienced by residents, the following stand out: lack of acceptance by the multidisciplinary team when entering the residency; excessive workload; lack of sleep; the challenge of becoming responsible for one’s own learning; the various therapeutic approaches by different preceptors for the same problem; feeling of insufficient theoretical content during the residency; guilt for not studying as much as you believe you should; decreased time devoted to leisure and physical activity, high level of stress; emotional upheaval that the great responsibility assumed entails and lack of psychological support. Of the 21 resident physicians, Burnout Syndrome was present in 57.1% of the participants. Emotional exhaustion was the most frequent dimension (52.7%), followed by Depersonalization (33.3%) and Low professional achievement (9.5%). Conclusion: The reported stressors point to the need to review the residency so that harmful consequences to the mental health of students, such as Burnout syndrome and its consequences, are prevented, reduced or remedied, avoiding damage to the residents, their patients and the health care institution. Prophylactic measures are proposed in the search for improvements in the quality of life, the quality of care and, perhaps most importantly, the shift in focus from a service-centered residency to a learner-centered residency. Introduction disorders provided Objective them Method 202 2 stages semistructured semi structured interview script Subsequently selfadministered self administered Inventory methodology Results out workload sleep ones one s learning problem should activity stress support physicians 571 57 1 57.1 52.7%, 527 52.7% , 52 7 (52.7%) 33.3% 333 33 3 (33.3% 9.5%. 95 9.5% . 9 5 (9.5%) Conclusion students prevented remedied institution life importantly servicecentered service centered learnercentered learner 20 57. 52.7 (52.7% 33.3 (33.3 9.5 (9.5% 52. (52.7 33. (33. 9. (9.5 (52. (33 (9. (52 (3 (9 (5 (

RESUMO Introdução: Os médicos residentes constituem um grupo de risco para distúrbios emocionais e comportamentais, e isso pode levar à síndrome de burnout e interferir negativamente no atendimento prestado. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos identificar os estressores vivenciados por residentes de ginecologia e obstetrícia (GO) de uma maternidade-escola do Sul do Brasil e estimar a prevalência da síndrome de burnout entre eles. Método: Realizou-se a coleta de dados de agosto a dezembro de 2020 com 21 residentes. A coleta compreendeu duas etapas: na primeira, fez-se uma entrevista semiestruturada, por meio de um roteiro-guia, visando identificar os estressores vivenciados pelos residentes em GO. Na sequência, os participantes receberam um questionário autoaplicável que teve por objetivo medir o nível de burnout pautado no Maslach Burnout Inventory. Para análise dos dados qualitativos, adotou-se a metodologia discurso do sujeito coletivo. Para análise dos dados quantitativos, foi utilizada a descrição analítica dos dados. Resultado: Entre os estressores vivenciados pelos residentes, destacam-se: falta de acolhimento pela equipe multiprofissional ao ingressarem na residência; excessiva carga horária de trabalho; poucas horas de sono; o desafio de se tornarem responsáveis pelo próprio aprendizado; as várias abordagens terapêuticas por preceptores diferentes para um mesmo problema; sensação de insuficiência de conteúdo teórico durante a residência; culpa por não estudarem o quanto acreditam que deveriam; diminuição do tempo destinado ao lazer e à atividade física; alto nível de estresse; abalo emocional que a grande responsabilidade assumida acarreta; e falta de apoio psicológico. Dos 21 médicos residentes, a síndrome de burnout esteve presente em 57,1% dos participantes. Exaustão emocional foi a mais frequente dimensão (52,7%), seguida por despersonalização (33,3%) e baixa realização profissional (9,5%). Conclusão: Os estressores relatados apontam para necessidade de revisão da residência a fim de que consequências nefastas à saúde mental de residentes, como a síndrome de burnout e suas consequências, sejam prevenidas, diminuídas ou sanadas, de modo a evitar danos tanto para os residentes como para os pacientes por eles atendidos e para instituição de saúde. São propostas medidas profiláticas na busca de melhorias na qualidade de vida, na qualidade do atendimento e, talvez no aspecto mais importante: a mudança de foco, da residência centrada no serviço para a residência centrada no aprendiz. Introdução comportamentais prestado Objetivo GO (GO maternidadeescola maternidade escola Método Realizouse Realizou 202 2 etapas primeira fezse fez semiestruturada roteiroguia, roteiroguia roteiro guia, guia roteiro-guia sequência Inventory qualitativos adotouse adotou coletivo quantitativos Resultado destacamse destacam destacam-se trabalho sono aprendizado problema deveriam física estresse acarreta psicológico 571 57 1 57,1 52,7%, 527 52,7% , 52 7 (52,7%) 33,3% 333 33 3 (33,3% 9,5%. 95 9,5% . 9 5 (9,5%) Conclusão prevenidas sanadas vida importante foco aprendiz 20 57, 52,7 (52,7% 33,3 (33,3 9,5 (9,5% 52, (52,7 33, (33, 9, (9,5 (52, (33 (9, (52 (3 (9 (5 (

ABSTRACT The article describes and reflects on the Peruvian social outburst (2003), having the Puno region as place of reference. An historical setting of the Peruvian Andes where the cultural cradles of the indigenous Quechua and Aymara peoples merge. During the 2021 presidential elections, the citizens of Puno supported the candidacy of Pedro Castillo, finding once again the opportunity of a national government that would recognize and value their cultural space, as well as execute changes aimed at offering opportunities for the wellbeing of Andean populations. The presidential ousting of Castillo and president Boluarte subsequent decision of not calling for new elections lead to an outburst. The demonstrations in the south of the country were violently repressed by security forces. Puno became the region with the highest number of victims of the repression. As shown throughout national history, rejection to the protests of Andean citizen manifests in discriminatory actions by the State and other sectors of society.

RESUMEN El artículo describe y reflexiona sobre el estallido social en Perú (2023), tomando como lugar de referencia la región de Puno. Se trata de un espacio histórico en los Andes peruanos donde confluyen las matrices culturales de los pueblos indígenas quechuas y aymaras. Durante las elecciones presidenciales del 2021, los ciudadanos puneños respaldaron la candidatura de Pedro Castillo, pues encontraron una vez más la oportunidad de un Gobierno nacional que logre reconocer y valorar su espacio cultural, y ejecutar cambios orientados a ofrecer oportunidades para el bienestar de las poblaciones andinas. La vacancia presidencial de Castillo y la posterior decisión de la presidenta Boluarte de no convocar a nuevas elecciones, condujeron a un estallido. Las manifestaciones en el sur del país fueron reprimidas violentamente por las fuerzas de seguridad. Puno resultó siendo la región con el más alto número de víctimas de la represión. Como ha sucedió a lo largo de la historia nacional, el rechazo a las protestas de los ciudadanos andinos se ha manifestado con acciones de discriminación desde el Estado y otros sectores de la sociedad.

ABSTRACT In Peru, the written press market is an oligopoly dominated by a few corporations that operate under high levels of mistrust of the media by the citizenry. In this context, this paper examines the front covers of written press media during the first phase of the wave of protests in Peru (December, 2022-March, 2023). In line with the “protest paradigm” theory on the relation between the press and social movements, a critical analysis of the coverage of the six larger newspapers is conducted, based on their front cover pages as an indicator of their editorial lines. The text analysis shows the most common devices of protest delegitimatization, demonization of participants and the type of coverage to state repression. The quantitative work finds that although front cover pages of all newspapers in the study resorted to a greater or lesser extent to delegitimatization devices, variables such as the affinity to the government in power and the tabloid character can influence the probability of delegitimizing the protest.

RESUMEN En Perú, el mercado de la prensa escrita es un oligopolio dominado por pocas corporaciones que operan en condiciones de altos niveles de desconfianza a los medios de comunicación por parte de la ciudadanía. En este contexto, se presenta un análisis de las portadas de medios de prensa escrita durante la primera fase del ciclo de protestas en el Perú (diciembre 2022-marzo 2023). En diálogo con la teoría del “paradigma de la protesta” sobre la relación entre prensa y movimientos sociales, se realiza un análisis crítico de la cobertura de los seis periódicos con mayor alcance, a partir de sus portadas como indicador de su línea editorial. El análisis de texto evidencia los dispositivos más recurrentes de deslegitimación de la protesta, demonización de sus participantes y del tipo de cobertura a la represión estatal. El trabajo cuantitativo encuentra que si bien las portadas de todos los periódicos de la muestra han recurrido en mayor o menor medida a dispositivos de deslegitimación, variables como la afinidad al Gobierno de turno y el carácter de tabloide influyen en la probabilidad de deslegitimar la protesta.

Abstract The fall of the Dutch colony in Brazil in 1654 sparked a period of upheaval and change for the colony’s Sephardic Jewish community. Brazil had been a place of unprecedented liberties for the Jewish community there, and over the coming quarter century, the former inhabitants of the colony would search for a “new Brazil” and opportunities to create spaces for organized Jewish life in Atlantic colonies. Brazil had also seen Jewish family migration, and included in the exodus from Brazil and the subsequent resettling were Jewish women. Though their role is difficult to grasp through the colonial records, metropolitan sources allow for a more detailed understanding of the role of Jewish women in the Dutch Republic in pursuit of compensation for possessions and real estate lost in Brazil.

Resumo A queda da colónia holandesa no Brasil, em 1654, desencadeou um período de agitação e mudança para a comunidade judaica sefardita da colónia. O Brasil tinha sido um lugar de liberdades sem precedentes para a comunidade judaica e, nos próximos 25 anos, os antigos habitantes da colónia procurariam um “novo Brasil” e oportunidades para criar espaços para uma vida judaica organizada nas colónias atlânticas. O Brasil também assistiu à migração de famílias judias e, no êxodo do Brasil e no subsequente reassentamento, estavam incluídas as mulheres judias. Embora o seu papel seja difícil de apreender através dos registos coloniais, as fontes holandesas permitem uma compreensão mais pormenorizada do papel das mulheres judias na República Holandesa em busca da indemnização pelos bens e propriedades perdidos no Brasil.

Abstract: Introduction: The pandemic revealed the impact of class, race and gender determinations on health-disease-care processes, as it had a far more dramatic effect on the poor city outskirts and especially black and indigenous communities. Furthermore, it highlighted and amplified a negationist attitude towards scientific knowledge. At the same time, it has made biomedical sciences the sole deposit of our hopes, despite the fact that the literature is overwhelming about the essential role of the Social and Human Sciences (SHS). Case report: In this paper, we propose to describe the teaching experience in SHS disciplines at a medical school throughout the year 2020, emphasizing the impacts produced by Covid-19. Discussion: One objective of the article is to present how these discussions were approached in the disciplines and their challenges and potential. Another is to present the pedagogical menus and matrices used in these disciplines and address the changes and mishaps caused by the need to, firstly, “be in the classroom” in the context of the biggest health crisis of the last one hundred years, and secondly, adapt to the upheaval of the separation between the worlds of work and the home and living with pandemic feelings of fear, mourning and discouragement that affected teachers and students. Conclusions: The pandemic brought students and teachers closer to the reality of themes that are within the scope of the SHS, such as the discussion on the social determination of the health-disease-care process and the reflection on whom is served by both science and ideology of the obscurantism that denies it. In the experience reported, we used the current nature of these debates to bring us closer to the students’ reality, in a context in which social isolation and distance learning made relationships more frayed. Abstract Introduction class healthdiseasecare disease care processes communities Furthermore knowledge time hopes SHS. . (SHS) report paper 2020 Covid19. Covid19 Covid 19. 19 Covid-19 Discussion potential firstly be classroom years secondly fear Conclusions reported frayed (SHS 202 Covid1 1 Covid-1 20 Covid- 2

Resumo: Introdução: A pandemia escancarou as determinações de classe, raça e gênero nos processos saúde-doença-cuidado, afetando de modo muito mais dramático as periferias e, especialmente, as populações negras e indígenas. Ademais, colocou em destaque e amplificou uma postura negacionista ao mesmo tempo que gerou expectativas elevadas quanto ao papel das ciências biomédicas para o enfrentamento da pandemia no Brasil, apesar de a literatura ser contundente sobre o caráter imprescindível das Ciências Sociais e Humanas (CSH). Relato de experiência: Neste artigo, descrevemos criticamente a experiência docente em disciplinas de CSH em uma faculdade de Medicina ao longo do ano de 2020, enfatizando os múltiplos impactos produzidos pela Covid-19. Discussão: Além de apresentar como os temas caros às CSH são abordados nas disciplinas, nas suas ementas e nas matrizes pedagógicas, este texto discute as alterações e os percalços provocados pela necessidade de - para “estar em sala” no contexto da maior crise sanitária dos últimos cem anos - adaptar-se ao abalo da separação entre os mundos do trabalho e da casa e a convivência com os sentimentos pandêmicos de medo, luto e desalento que atingiram docentes e discentes. Conclusão: A pandemia trouxe para perto da realidade de estudantes e docentes temas caros ao âmbito das CSH, como a discussão sobre a determinação social do processo saúde-doença-cuidado e a reflexão sobre a quem servem tanto a ciência quanto a ideologia do obscurantismo que a nega. Na experiência que relatamos, utilizamo-nos da atualidade desses debates para nos aproximar da realidade dos estudantes, em um contexto em que o isolamento social e o ensino remoto tornaram as relações mais esgarçadas. Resumo Introdução classe saúdedoençacuidado, saúdedoençacuidado saúde doença cuidado, cuidado especialmente indígenas Ademais Brasil CSH. . (CSH) artigo 2020 Covid19. Covid19 Covid 19. 19 Covid-19 Discussão pedagógicas estar sala adaptarse adaptar se medo discentes Conclusão nega relatamos utilizamonos utilizamo esgarçadas (CSH 202 Covid1 1 Covid-1 20 Covid- 2

Abstract In the mid-19th century, the Nerinhé, Kaingang territories west of Guarapuava, saw an upheaval of its indigenous peoples in response to the farms being implemented in their fields, the military expeditions that ravaged their forests, rivers, and sacred places. Guarapuava landowners dared to invade the Nerinhé, even at the risk of their lives, as happened to Lieutenant Domingos Machado and his family. The imperial government employed resources and military forces to open a road from Guarapuava to the Paraná River and implement its indigenous policy to control the insurgent Kaingang groups by founding Indigenous Colonies. Archaeological data reveal the temporal and spatial depth of the Kaingang occupation in Guarapuava and the analyzed documentation shows the Kaingang’s actions in defending their territories and ways of life. Their current permanence in the Rio das Cobras and Koho Mu-Boa Vista Indigenous Lands is proof of the Kaingang protagonism in maintaining portions of its former Nerinhé. mid19th midth mid 19th th century Nerinhé fields forests rivers places lives family Colonies Kaingangs s life MuBoa Mu Boa

Resumo Os Nerinhé, territórios Kaingang a oeste de Guarapuava, estavam insurretos em meados do século XIX. Era a resposta dos indígenas às fazendas que estavam sendo implementadas em seus campos, às expedições militares que devassavam suas matas, seus rios e seus locais sagrados. Os fazendeiros guarapuavanos ousavam invadir os Nerinhé, mesmo com o risco de vida, como ocorreu com a família do alferes Domingos Machado. O governo imperial empregou recursos e forças militares para a abertura da estrada de Guarapuava ao Rio Paraná e procurou implementar sua política indigenista para fundar colônias indígenas na região e com isso controlar os grupos Kaingang insurretos. Os dados arqueológicos evidenciam a profundidade temporal e espacial da ocupação Kaingang na região e a documentação analisada mostra as ações dos Kaingang na defesa de seus territórios e de seus modos de vida. Suas permanências atuais nas Terras Indígenas Rio das Cobras e Koho Mu-Boa Vista comprovam o protagonismo Kaingang pela manutenção de parcelas de seus antigos Nerinhé. Nerinhé XIX campos matas sagrados vida Machado MuBoa Mu Boa

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es reconstruir, a través de las voces de las madres de jóvenes negros asesinados en acciones policiales, la sustracción de la vida de sus hijos en políticas continuas que socavaron su existencia al negarles derechos básicos y ciudadanía. Seis madres participaron en esta investigación. Las conversaciones con estas madres, después de un enfoque cuidadoso, comenzaron con la pregunta desencadenante: “¿Cómo le gustaría contar la historia de su hijo?”. Para apoyar el análisis, se tomó como eje central la articulación teórica y política de las nociones de genocidio negro y necropolítica. Este artículo muestra que, entre el nacimiento y la interrupción de la vida por balas que atraviesan el cuerpo como fin predestinado, el racismo construye senderos de precariedad de la vida que la hace cada vez más abyecta, vulnerable y desechable, conduciendo a una muerte prematura, incluso prevenible, de jóvenes negros, principalmente, residentes en la periferia y favelas. Esta discusión fomenta una visión menos compartimentada de múltiples políticas genocidas, llevando al diálogo otras políticas públicas, además de la seguridad pública. Se acerca a un continuo de producción y legitimación de muertes de jóvenes negros, centrando el análisis en las formas de borrado social e institucional de estos jóvenes, ocurridas antes de la muerte física, para descalificar sus vidas. Tales procesos contribuyen a la política de seguridad pública para exterminar la vida de los jóvenes negros sin provocar un gran revuelo social, la debida investigación criminal y, en consecuencia, la rendición de cuentas del Estado, pues ya eran vidas cuya existencia era mutilada y deshumanizada. reconstruir policiales ciudadanía cuidadoso desencadenante ¿Cómo Cómo hijo. hijo . hijo?” necropolítica predestinado abyecta desechable prematura prevenible principalmente favelas genocidas públicas física consecuencia Estado deshumanizada hijo?

Abstract We aim to reconstruct, with the voices of mothers of young black people killed in police actions, the subtraction of their children’s lives in continuous policies that undermined their existence by denying them basic rights and citizenship. Six mothers participated in this research. The conversations with them, after a careful approach, began with the triggering question: “How would you like to tell your child’s story?”. To support our analyses, we take as central the theoretical and political articulation of the notions of black genocide and necropolitics. This article shows that, between the birth and the interruption of life by bullets that pass through the body as a predestined target, racism builds trails of precariousness of life that makes it increasingly more abject, vulnerable, and disposable, leading to premature death, even if preventable, of young black people, mainly, living in suburbs and slums. In this discussion, we foster a less compartmentalized view of multiple genocidal policies, bringing to the dialogue other public policies, in addition to public safety. We approach a continuum of production and legitimization of deaths of young black people, centering our analysis on the forms of social and institutional erasure of these young people, which occurred before physical death, to disqualify their lives. These processes contribute to the public security policy to exterminate the lives of young black people without causing widespread social upheaval, due criminal investigation, and, thus, the accountability of the State, since they were already mutilated and dehumanized lives in their existence. reconstruct actions childrens children s citizenship research question How childs child story. story . story?” analyses necropolitics target abject vulnerable disposable death preventable mainly slums discussion safety upheaval investigation thus State story?

Resumo Objetivamos reconstruir, por meio das vozes de mães de jovens negros mortos em ações policiais, a subtração da vida de seus filhos em contínuas políticas que precarizavam suas existências ao negar-lhes direitos básicos e cidadania. Participaram desta pesquisa seis mães. As conversas com elas, após cuidadosa aproximação, se iniciaram com a pergunta disparadora: “Como você gostaria de contar a história do seu filho?”. Para subsidiar nossas análises, tomamos como centrais a articulação teórica e política das noções de genocídio negro e de necropolítica. Este artigo evidencia que, entre o nascimento e a interrupção da vida por balas que atravessam o corpo como um alvo predestinado, o racismo constrói trilhos de precarização da vida que a torna cada vez mais abjeta, vulnerável e descartável, conduzindo à morte precoce, ainda que preveníveis, de jovens negros, principalmente, residentes em periferias e favelas. Nesta discussão, fomentamos uma visão menos compartimentalizada das múltiplas políticas genocidas, trazendo para o diálogo outras políticas públicas, para além da segurança pública. Abordamos um continuum de produção e legitimação de mortes de jovens negros, centrando nossas análises nas formas de apagamento social e institucional desses jovens, que ocorreram anteriormente à morte física, de modo a desqualificar suas vidas. Esses processos contribuem para que a política de segurança pública extermine vidas de jovens negros sem causar ampla comoção social, a devida investigação criminal e, portanto, a responsabilização do Estado, pois já eram vidas mutiladas e desumanizadas em suas existências. reconstruir policiais negarlhes negar lhes cidadania elas aproximação disparadora Como filho. filho . filho?” necropolítica predestinado abjeta descartável precoce preveníveis principalmente favelas discussão genocidas públicas física portanto Estado filho?

Abstract In the 17th century, on horseback between the Middle Ages and the Modern Age, Diego Saavedra Fajardo witnesses the first decline of the Hispanic Universal Monarchy. For a diplomat and treatise writer, key for the understanding of the European upheaval in this century, there appears an internal debate between the theoretical possibility of a universal government, protected both by historical circumstances and by a desire for mimesis and overcoming the previous Empires; and its factual impossibility due to the political and religious dismemberment of Christianity, the Protestant Reformation, and the genesis and triumph of the modern States after the Peace of Westphalia. The main goal of the article is to demonstrate the presence in Saavedra of the positively judged possibility of a universal government pivoted around the Hispanic Monarchy. The methodology has been based on the critical analysis of the different works of the author, comparing them with the previous idea of Universal Monarchy, contrasted with the concept of Modern State. The main result has been the clarification of both concepts in Saavedra, concluding that he is not contrary to the abstract idea of the universality of the power of the Spanish Monarchy, although he is a defender of its scarce real viability.

Resumen En pleno siglo XVII, a caballo entre la Edad Media y la Edad Moderna, Diego Saavedra Fajardo es testigo de la primera decadencia de la Monarquía Universal Hispánica. Para un diplomático y tratadista clave para la comprensión de la convulsión europea en este siglo, se crea el debate interno entre la posibilidad teórica de un gobierno universal, amparado tanto por las circunstancias históricas como por un deseo de mímesis y superación de los Imperios anteriores; y su imposibilidad fáctica ante el desmembramiento político y religioso de la Cristiandad, la Reforma protestante, y la génesis y triunfo de los Estados modernos tras la Paz de Westfalia. El objetivo principal del artículo es demostrar la presencia en Saavedra de la posibilidad enjuiciada positivamente de un gobierno universal alrededor de la Monarquía hispánica. La metodología ha partido del análisis crítico de las distintas obras del autor, comparándolas con la idea previa de la Monarquía universal enfrentada al concepto de Estado Moderno. El resultado principal ha sido la clarificación de ambos conceptos en Saavedra, concluyendo que no es contrario a la idea abstracta de universalidad del poder de la Monarquía de España, si bien es defensor de su escasa viabilidad real.

Resumo Com base na história do Left Book Club in Jamaica (LBCJ), fundado em Kingston, em 1938, pelo historiador e sindicalista Richard Hart, este artigo pretendeu analisar processos de circulação, leitura e apropriação de ideias anticoloniais em circuito transnacional. Além de atuar como clube do livro, fazendo circular material impresso produzido na metrópole, por sua matriz britânica, o Left Book Club de Londres, o LBCJ atuou como centro de congregação intelectual e formação educacional local, desempenhando papel fundamental no associativismo jamaicano em um período de convulsão política e social no Caribe, às vésperas da Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Abstract Based on the history of the Left Book Club in Jamaica (LBCJ), founded in Kingston, in 1938, by the historian and unionist Richard Hart, this article intends to think about processes of circulation, reading and appropriation of anti-colonial ideas in a transnational circuit. In addition to serving as a book club, circulating printed material produced in the metropolis by its British head office, the Left Book Club of London, the LBCJ was a center for intellectual congregation and local educational formation, playing a key role in Jamaican associativism in a period of great political and social upheaval in the Caribbean on the eve of World War II.

Resumen Basado en la historia del Left Book Club in Jamaica (LBCJ), fundado en Kingston, en 1938, por el historiador y sindicalista Richard Hart, este artículo pretende reflexionar sobre los procesos de circulación, lectura y apropiación de ideas anticoloniales en un circuito transnacional. Además de servir como un club de lectura, la circulación de material impreso producido en la metrópoli por su sede británica, el Left Book Club de Londres, el LBCJ sirvió como un centro para la congregación intelectual y la formación educativa local, desempeñando un papel clave en lo asociativismo en Jamaica en un período de gran agitación política y social en el Caribe en vísperas de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Teen die einde van die 18de eeu was die universiteitsmodel van Europa grootliks geskoei op dié van die laat Middeleeue (die 15de eeu), hoewel die Franse Rewolusie en die uitvloeisel daarvan tydens die bewind van Napoleon wel 'n noemenswaardige effek op die universiteitswese gehad het. Daar het egter in die 19de eeu 'n ommekeer plaasgevind. Teen die 1850's was daar 98 universiteite in Europa, en net voor die begin van die Tweede Wereldoorlog was daar ongeveer 200 universiteite. Gesien in die lig van die Middeleeue se ryk universiteitswesegeskiedenis, was die 19de eeu 'n tyd waarin groot omwenteling met betrekking tot universiteite plaasgevind het. Die Duitse universiteitsmodel het grootliks tot die ommekeer van universiteite se groei bygedra. Die Duitse universiteitsmodel het egter nie net 'n omwenteling veroorsaak in studentegetalle nie, maar ook sommige denklyne binne die universiteitsontwikkeling oopgemaak wat vandag steeds net so relevant is binne die gesprek oor die universiteitswese. Vryheid was die onderliggende konsep van die Duitse universiteitsmodel. Tog was dit die belangrikheid wat die universiteit aan navorsing geheg het wat 'n blywende invloed op die universiteitswese gehad het. Hierdie studie verskaf filosofiese en historiese agtergrond tot huidige besprekings oor aspekte soos die universiteit-staat-verhouding, die rol van professore, eise aan studente en die fragmentering van die kurrikulum deur na die ontwikkeling van die klassieke Duitse universiteitsmodel te kyk.

By the end of the 18th century, the university model of Europe was largely that of the late Middle Ages (the 15th century), although the French Revolution and its overflow into Napoleon's reign had a significant effect on the universities of Europe. In 1789, Europe had 143 universities, but in 1815 only 83 universities remained; thus, a loss of 60 universities occurred during this time. However, in the 19th century, a turnaround took place. By the 1850s, Europe had 98 universities, and just before the start of World War II, there were approximately 200 universities. Viewed against the university's rich history from the Middle Ages, the 19th century was characterised by a time of great upheaval in universities. The German university model contributed significantly to the reversal of university growth in the 19th century. The new societal structures brought about by the French Revolution with its Enlightenment ideologies required new university models. The first model that was developed was the French university model. The French university model was a highly regulated model. The state prescribed to universities exactly which university should teach what content, as well as which function each university should fulfil. The university was in the service of the state and had to assist the state in training citizens for the performance of their task. The French university model had four aims in the sense that this model intended to: secure and maintain post-revolutionary status, bring education in line with state policy, prevent a new professional class from emerging and, lastly, establish restrictions on free thought in order to prevent the development of any ideas contrary to the stronghold of the state. This study shows that the notable reversal of the 19th-century university system came about as a result of the implementation of the German university's model. Core German intellectuals such as Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Schleiermacher and Wilhelm von Humboldt devised a new German education system, independent from that of French oppression. These intellectuals developed numerous fruitful concepts such as Bildung, Wissenschaft, Lehrfreiheit, and Lernfreiheit. These concepts and other concepts made it possible for the new German university model to be devised and implemented. The German university model did not only have a great influence on the growth of student numbers, but it also opened up some lines of thought regarding the idea of the university, which are still relevant today. Some of the core issues still featuring on the agendas of present discussions regarding universities include the state-university relationship, where public universities are considered by some to be the property of the state. Issues regarding lecturers include, among others, the task of lecturers. The Medieval university concept of the lecturer as a master teacher is rarely found within the contemporary university - instead, teaching students is regarded as a lower order task compared to that of the lecturer's responsibility towards research. Today, lecturers 'performance is measured by their research output (within the publish or perish culture) rather than their ability to teach students. An additional issue concerns the idea that higher education is currently perceived to be a human right and that students are therefore entitled to a free education (part of the Fees Must Fall campaign). Finally, the fragmentation of the curriculum within the modern university, resulting in the loss of the ideal of a universal education, is of concern - the latter having been a characteristic that was part of the idea of the university. This paper, by revisiting the classical German university model, provides a philosophical and historical background to current discussions regarding aspects such as the university-state relationship, the role of professors, demands on students and the fragmentation of the curriculum.

Abstract In this essay, the French Ambassador in Portugal examines the document “Strategic Compass” approved by the Heads of State and Government at the European Council on 24 and 25 March 2022. This document of strategic analysis and planning is an essential milestone in the path taken by the European Union over the past 30 years to meet its destiny. In addition, the adoption of the “Strategic Compass”, in the midst of upheaval at Europe’s borders, confirms the European determination to equip the EU with the means for our self-defence.

Resumo Neste ensaio, a Embaixadora de França em Portugal analisa o documento «Bússola Estratégica» aprovado pelos chefes de Estado e de governo no Conselho Europeu a 24 e 25 de março de 2022. Este documento de análise estratégica e planeamento é um marco essencial no caminho percorrido pela União Europeia nos últimos trinta anos para assumir o seu destino. Adicionalmente, a adoção da «Bússola Estratégica», em plena convulsão às fronteiras da Europa, confirma a nossa determinação de nos dotarmos dos meios para nos defendermos.

Resumen (analítico) El 18 de octubre de 2019, miles de jóvenes chilenos salieron a las calles para exigir una sociedad más justa, iniciando un proceso de cambio constitucional y de ciudadanía. Este artículo analiza ese proceso centrándose en las estrategias disruptivas de los y las jóvenes para impugnar los espacios públicos en los primeros meses de protesta. Con esta finalidad, se realizó una etnografía durante diez semanas -octubre a diciembre del 2019--, en las ciudades de Santiago y Valparaíso. Los resultados muestran que estos jóvenes se identifican como parte de una multitud que ha experimentado un despertar ciudadano, exigiendo mayor participación social. Se concluye que este despertar refleja las tendencias sociales de las juventudes de otras partes del mundo, que igualmente disputan y exigen transformaciones sociales en las democracias liberales.

Abstract (analytical) On October 18, 2019 in Chile, thousands of young people flooded the streets to demand a fairer life, representing the start of the construction of a new citizenship. This article analyzes how these young people disputed the control of public spaces in the first months of this social upheaval. An ethnography was carried out for ten weeks between October and December 2019 in the cities of Santiago and Valparaíso, observing and interviewing mobilized young people. The results show that the young people protesting in in the street identify themselves as being part of a social awakening. The Chilean case is discussed as part of a synergy of youth revolts at a global level. The authors conclude that the young people who protest belong to a generation that questions liberal democracies as the dominant form of participation and political action.

Resumo (analítico) Em 18 de outubro de 2019 no Chile, milhares de jovens sitiaram as ruas para exigir uma vida mais justa, começando a construir uma nova cidadania. Este artigo analisa como esses jovens disputaram os espaços públicos nos primeiros meses da ‘revolta social’. Foi realizada uma etnografia durante dez semanas - outubro e dezembro de 2019 - nas cidades de Santiago e Valparaíso, observando e entrevistando jovens mobilizados. Os resultados mostram que esses jovens constituem uma multidão nas ruas que os identifica com um despertar social. O caso chileno é discutido como parte de uma sinergia de revoltas juvenis em nível global, e conclui-se que os jovens que protestam pertencem a uma geração que questiona as democracias liberais como forma de participação e ação política.