Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a percepção de professores universitários sobre os determinantes da adoção de tecnologias de mercado no currículo dos cursos de graduação em Ciências Contábeis da América Latina. Este estudo é baseado na Teoria Unificada de Aceitação e Uso de Tecnologia 2 (UTAUT2). Foi realizada uma survey com professores de cursos de graduação em contabilidade localizados em países que fazem parte da América Latina, resultando em uma amostra de 151 professores distribuídos em 16 países. Os dados foram analisados por meio de uma abordagem de métodos mistos, utilizando Modelagem de Equações Estruturais - Mínimos Quadrados Parciais e Análise Comparativa Qualitativa fuzzy-set. Os resultados mostram a influência simétrica do hábito, expectativa de desempenho e influência social na adoção de tecnologias de mercado, independentemente da idade, experiência acadêmica ou gênero. Além disso, várias combinações assimétricas de condições acarretam em uma alta adoção de tecnologias de mercado nos currículos de contabilidade, com a expectativa de desempenho presente em todas as combinações possíveis. Latina UTAUT2. UTAUT2 UTAUT . (UTAUT2) 15 1 mistos fuzzyset. fuzzyset fuzzy set. set fuzzy-set hábito idade gênero disso possíveis (UTAUT2 (UTAUT

Abstract The aim of this article is to analyze the perception of university professors regarding the determinants of adopting market technologies in the curriculums of undergraduate accounting courses in Latin America. This study is based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2). A survey was conducted with professors from undergraduate accounting courses located in the countries that make up Latin America, resulting in a sample of 151 professors distributed among 16 countries. The data was analyzed through a mixed-method approach using Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. The findings show the symmetrical influence of habit, performance expectancy, and social influence on the adoption of market technologies regardless of age, academic experience or gender. Furthermore, various asymmetrical combinations of conditions bring about a high adoption of market technologies in accounting curricula, with performance expectancy being present in all possible combinations. America UTAUT2. UTAUT2 UTAUT . (UTAUT2) 15 1 mixedmethod mixed method fuzzyset fuzzy set Analysis habit age gender Furthermore curricula (UTAUT2 (UTAUT

Inter- and transdisciplinary curricula can potentially develop an integrated understanding of an increasingly interconnected, complex world and develop students' agency, empathy, creativity and critical thinking skills. Within the South African qualification landscape, the Postgraduate Diploma (PGDip) is identified as a multi-or interdisciplinary qualification that allows working professionals 'to undertake advanced reflection and development by means of a systematic survey of current thinking, practice and research methods in an area of specialisation'. In this paper, four academics reflexively share their experiences of (re)developing and piloting transdisciplinary curricula for the PGDip in Sustainable Development (at Stellenbosch University) and the PGDip in Sustainability Learning (at Rhodes University). Reflections centre around the rationale, context and emergence of the two programmes, their structure and intended learning outcomes, and principles guiding the overall curriculum design. We highlight the appropriateness of transdisciplinary approaches to curricula focused on the sustainability field, and it distils three broad features of the two PGDip programmes that seem important - even necessary - for developing students' competencies as sustainability practitioners. These are ontological groundedness, epistemological openness and ethical attentiveness. SIGNIFICANCE: This paper provides a rationale for pursuing transdisciplinary curricula that are oriented to sustainability. It shares reflections from two postgraduate diploma curriculum design processes and provides summative insights into broad features of transdisciplinary curriculum design that may enhance sustainability transitions. These features may help to guide other university curriculum developers wanting to design similar programmes to support sustainability transitions.

Abstract: The purpose of this research lies in evaluating the current state of higher university education about bioethics studies in the faculties of health sciences in the Peruvian territory. The methodological design adopts a descriptive level with a mixed approach that is divided into two stages: The first consists of a qualitative theoretical-analytical-rational analysis, followed by a subsequent empirical analysis with a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional approach. The main discoveries refer to the existence of nineteen licensed public universities in Peru that offer the Human Medicine degree. However, it was found that the Bioethics course is only available in nine of these institutions. In summary, it can be affirmed that in the educational programs of careers related to health sciences, attempts are made to address ethical principles from different perspectives, for example, through courses on general ethics or deontology. However, this strategy is not considered adequate. In addition, it is imperative to promote an educational policy within the faculties of health sciences that mandates the mandatory inclusion of a bioethics course in the curricula of health sciences programs.

Resumen: El propósito de esta investigación es evaluar el estado actual de la educación universitaria superior en relación con los estudios de Bioética en las facultades de ciencias de la salud en el territorio peruano. El diseño metodológico adopta un nivel descriptivo con enfoque mixto dividido en dos etapas: la primera consistió en un análisis teórico analítico-racional cualitativo, seguido de un análisis empírico posterior con enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Los principales descubrimientos se refieren a la existencia de diecinueve universidades públicas licenciadas en el Perú que ofrecen la carrera de Medicina Humana. Sin embargo, se constató que el curso de Bioética sólo está disponible en nueve de estas instituciones. En resumen, se puede afirmar que en los programas educativos de las carreras relacionadas con ciencias de la salud se intenta abordar los principios éticos desde perspectivas distintas, por ejemplo, a través de cursos de ética general o deontología. No obstante, esta estrategia no es considerada adecuada, por lo que es imperativo promover una política educativa dentro de las facultades de ciencias de la salud que ordene la inclusión obligatoria de un curso de Bioética en los planes de estudio de los programas de ciencias de la salud.

Resumo: O propósito dessa investigação é avaliar o estado atual da educação universitária superior em relação aos estudos de bioética nas faculdades de ciências da saúde no Peru. O desenho metodológico adotou um nível descritivo com enfoque misto que se dividiu em duas etapas: a primeira consistiu em uma análise teórica analítico-racional qualitativa, seguida de uma análise empírica posterior com enfoque quantitativo, descritivo e transversal. Os principais achados se referem à existência de dezenove universidades públicas licenciadas no Perú que oferecem a carreira de Medicina Humana. Sem dúvida, constatou-se que o curso de Bioética só se encontra disponível em nove destas instituições. Em resumo, pode-se afirmar que nos programas educativos das carreiras relacionadas com ciências da saúde tenta-se abordar os princípios éticos a partir de diferentes perspectivas, por exemplo, através de cursos de ética geral ou deontologia. Apesar disso, essa estratégia não é considerada adequada. Além disso, é imperativo promover uma política educativa dentro das faculdades de ciências da saúde que determine a inclusão obrigatória de um curso de bioética nos planos de estudo dos programas de ciências da saúde.

BACKGROUND: Limited research exists on medical students' coping and adjustment skills, especially in the South African context. Stakeholders planning medical curricula need to be aware of emotional and communication skills that allow students to cope and adjust to stress associated with transitioning to medical studies OBJECTIVE: To design a support framework to facilitate first-year undergraduate medical students' social learning and integration skills METHODS: This descriptive qualitative case study used multiple data collection methods, nominal group meetings and Delphi questionnaires to explore and understand undergraduate medical students' challenges with social learning and integration factors. These insights were then used to develop the support framework RESULTS: The support framework articulates levels of engagement and actions required to address social learning and integrated factors, namely under-preparedness, peer support, confidence, self-management, alienation and academic advice CONCLUSION: Implementing the proposed support framework on social learning and integration could facilitate the successful transition of first-year undergraduate medical students from high school to university. This framework aids students in dealing with social learning and integrated factors, such as under-preparedness, peer support, confidence, self-management and alienation as well as academic advice using contextualised and appropriate skills and tools

INTRODUCTION: Ethical tensions are routinely encountered by occupational therapists and students in fieldwork and may impact patient care and team morale, and lead to practitioner burnout. Ethics education is a means to reduce ethical tensions in fieldwork. Despite this, however, limited research exists regarding ethical tensions and ethics education amongst students in the South African context. METHODS: The study was conducted to explore South African occupational therapy students' reflections on ethical tensions experienced in fieldwork practice. A qualitative, descriptive design was used to review thirty-five ethics reflective journals by fourth-year occupational therapy students at a university in South Africa. Students identified ethical tensions, reflected on these using Sokol's decision-making framework and Kolb's Cycle of Experiential Learning, and incorporated their learning into practice. Data were analysed thematically. Trustworthiness was ensured through triangulation of researchers, multiple data sources, and an audit trail. FINDINGS: Three central themes emerged: (1) Ethics from the perspective of the student, (2) Ethical tensions experienced during fieldwork, and (3) How students navigated ethical tensions. CONCLUSION: This study provides an insight into the ethical tensions and reflections of fourth-year occupational therapy students during fieldwork. Findings inform healthcare educators and clinicians regarding students' perceptions about ethics education and the tensions experienced during fieldwork. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE • Students experienced ethical tensions during fieldwork and navigated these ethical tensions by following institutional procedures, acquiring knowledge through research, drawing from the "well" of experience, and reflective practice. • The study offers a narrative for encountering and resolving ethical tension during fieldwork. • The main distinction between the two classifications persists when reviewing the support given to the participant who has been empowered to resolve the ethical tension whilst receiving consultation from their site clinician and the institution. Findings inform healthcare educators and clinicians regarding students' perceptions about ethics education and the tensions experienced during fieldwork.

Abstract The article presents an analysis of the Incorporation of Disaster Risk Management (DRM) in the curricula of the teaching of Social Studies (ES) in Costa Rica and its treatment in a series of textbooks for secondary school during the period 1991-2016. The objective of the research was to analyze the evolution of the topic, to recognize its didactic and curricular changes during the study period. This article arises from a research project that was developed at the National University of Costa Rica during the period 2017-2020 and which took as its central axes DRM in Costa Rica, public policies in relation to the subject and the development of materials. for teaching. Methodologically, the proposal is qualitative and was based on documentary research for the collection and analysis of data. It is an exploratory study, since there is no other similar research in the field of ES. The units of analysis are made up of two groups of information that are the basis for collecting information. The first are the ES programs between 1991-2016 that included the topic of DRM and the second are the textbooks of both disciplines that included information regarding the research problem. The information comes from the study plans of the Ministry of Public Education (MEP) developed for the study period and from different libraries where the textbooks proposed by various publishers were located. As a result, it was obtained that DRM had political will for its incorporation into the educational system, but the curricular proposals were monotonous and with little innovation. The same results were obtained from the analysis of textbooks, where the activities showed little didactic effort on the part of the publishing houses. Being an exploratory study, it opens the possibility that other proposals can be proposed with different approaches from research in ES.

Resumen El artículo presenta un análisis sobre la incorporación de la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres (GRD) en las mallas curriculares de la enseñanza de los Estudios Sociales (ES) en Costa Rica y su tratamiento en una serie de libros de texto para secundaria durante el período 1991-2016. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la evolución del tema para reconocer sus cambios didácticos y curriculares durante el período de estudio. Este artículo se desprende de un proyecto de investigación que se desarrolló en la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica durante el período 2017-2020 y que tomó como ejes centrales la GRD en Costa Rica, las políticas públicas en relación con la temática y la elaboración de materiales para la docencia. Metodológicamente, el trabajo es de corte cualitativo y se basó en la investigación documental para la recolección y análisis de los datos. Es un estudio de corte exploratorio, pues no se cuenta con otra investigación similar en el campo de los ES. Se presentan dos unidades de análisis que fueron la base para la recolección de la información. La primera corresponde a los programas de ES comprendidos entre 1991-2016 que incluyeron el tema de las GRD, y la segunda, los libros de texto de ambas disciplinas que incluyeron información referente al problema de investigación. La información proviene de los planes de estudio del Ministerio de Educación Pública (MEP) desarrollados para el período de estudio y de diferentes bibliotecas donde se logró ubicar los libros de texto. Como resultado se obtuvo que la GRD contó con voluntad política para su incorporación en el sistema educativo, pero las propuestas curriculares fueron monótonas y con poca innovación. Los mismos resultados se obtuvieron del análisis de libros de texto, pues las actividades mostraron poco empeño didáctico por parte de las casas editoriales. Al ser un estudio exploratorio abre la posibilidad para plantear otras iniciativas con diferentes enfoques desde la investigación en ES.

Resumen: Desde la COVID-19, la integración de herramientas y competencias digitales en la enseñanza superior ya es una realidad en todos los países. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la percepción del profesorado (n = 88) y del alumnado (n = 487) de los Grados en Educación Infantil y Primaria y Máster de formación del profesorado de una universidad pública de Madrid acerca de la evolución de su competencia digital, en general, y de las diferentes áreas competenciales, tanto antes como durante la enseñanza remota de emergencia. Para ello, nos apoyamos en el conocido Marco Común de Competencia Digital Docente del Instituto Nacional de Tecnologías Educativas y de Formación del Profesorado (INTEF). Desde una metodología cuantitativa y un cuestionario ad hoc validado por expertos se ha realizado un análisis descriptivo, correlacional e inferencial de las variables. Los resultados evidencian en los dos perfiles la disposición de recursos digitales suficientes para enfrentarse a esta modalidad, un aumento significativo de la autopercepción de esta competencia, destacando mayor desarrollo en las áreas: Comunicación y Colaboración, Creación de contenidos digitales y Seguridad. También muestran descontento hacia la modalidad virtual por la excesiva carga de trabajo y la formación continua requerida. El estudio ayuda a replantear los planes de estudio del futuro docente y los planes de formación del profesorado universitario sobre la necesaria competencia digital en la actualidad.

Resumo: Desde a COVID-19, a integração de ferramentas e competências digitais no ensino superior tornou-se uma realidade em todos os países. O objetivo do estudo é analisar a perceção do pessoal docente (n = 88) e dos estudantes (n = 487) das Licenciaturas em Educação Infantil e Primária e do Mestrado em Formação de Professores de uma universidade pública de Madrid sobre a evolução da sua competência digital, em geral, e das diferentes áreas de competência, tanto antes como durante o ensino remoto de emergência. Para o efeito, utilizámos o conhecido Quadro Comum para a Competência Digital no Ensino do Instituto Nacional de Tecnologias Educativas e Formação de Professores (INTEF). Utilizando uma metodologia quantitativa e um questionário ad hoc validado por peritos, foi efetuada uma análise descritiva, correlacional e inferencial das variáveis. Os resultados mostram, em ambos os perfis, a disponibilidade de recursos digitais suficientes para enfrentar esta modalidade, um aumento significativo na autoperceção desta competência, destacando um maior desenvolvimento nas seguintes áreas: Comunicação e Colaboração, Criação de conteúdos digitais e Segurança. Mostram, também, insatisfação com a modalidade virtual devido à excessiva carga de trabalho e à formação contínua exigida. O estudo ajuda a repensar os currículos dos futuros professores e os planos de formação do pessoal docente universitário em termos da competência digital atualmente exigida.

Abstract: Since COVID-19, the integration of digital tools and skills in higher education is already a reality in all countries. The aim of this study is to analyse the perception of teachers (n = 88) and students (n = 487) - of the Degrees in Early Childhood and Primary Education and Master of teacher training of a public university in Madrid - on the evolution of their digital competence, in general, and of the different competence areas, both before and during the emergency remote teaching. For this purpose, we rely on the well-known Common Framework of Digital Competence in Teaching of the National Institute of Educational Technologies and Teacher Training (INTEF). Using a quantitative methodology and an ad hoc questionnaire validated by experts, a descriptive, correlational and inferential analysis of the variables was carried out. The results show in both profiles the availability of sufficient digital resources to face this modality, a significant increase in the self-perception of this competence, highlighting greater development in the following areas: Communication and Collaboration, Creation of digital content and Security. They also show dissatisfaction with the virtual modality due to the excessive workload and the continuous training required. This study helps to rethink the curricula of future teachers and the training plans of university faculty on the necessary digital competence today.

Abstract Internationally, mathematical modelling has been gaining an important space in educational curricula, this is why the teaching of this process has been included in educational programmes for mathematics teachers. Due to this importance, in this study, an educational experience on modelling for practising secondary education mathematics teachers from the Panamanian school system is reported, whose objective is to analyse the solving procedures of these teachers to modelling problems and classify these solving procedures. The context is the Diploma Course in Mathematics Education Applied to Secondary Education, taught by the University of Panama, which included a submodule on modelling. The “modelling cycle from a cognitive perspective”, which was taught in the submodule, was used to analyse the solving procedures for three problems posed to the participating teachers, through the written productions that they uploaded to the virtual platform of the diploma course. Four solving procedures could be identified in the 40 productions analysed, which varied from not totally understanding the wording of the problems to developing a whole modelling cycle. With these results, it is intended to provide a first overview of the teaching and learning of modelling in the Panamanian context and to lay the foundations for possible curricular adaptations to mathematics teaching.

Resumen A nivel internacional, la modelización matemática ha ido ganando un espacio importante en los currículos educativos, razón por la cual la enseñanza de este proceso ha sido incluida en los programas de formación de profesores de matemática. Dada esta importancia, este estudio reporta una experiencia educativa sobre modelización para profesores de matemática de educación secundaria en servicio del sistema escolar panameño, cuyo objetivo es analizar los procedimientos de resolución de estos profesores a problemas de modelización y clasificar dichas resoluciones. El contexto es el Diplomado en Educación Matemática Aplicada a Secundaria, impartido por la Universidad de Panamá, el cual incluyó un submódulo sobre modelización. El “ciclo de modelización desde una perspectiva cognitiva” que se impartió en el submódulo, se utilizó para analizar los procedimientos de resolución a tres problemas planteados a los profesores participantes, mediante las producciones escritas que cargaron a la plataforma virtual del diplomado. Se pudieron identificar cuatro procedimientos de resolución en las 40 producciones analizadas, que fluctuaban desde no comprender totalmente el enunciado de los problemas hasta desarrollar un ciclo completo de modelización. Con estos resultados, se pretende aportar una primera visión general sobre la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la modelización en el contexto panameño, y sentar las bases para posibles adaptaciones curriculares a la enseñanza de la matemática.

Academics from South African Universities have recently been bound to possess digital skills for curriculum delivery due to the lessons learned from the COVID-19 era. Universities have implemented various interventions to enhance digital skills in academics, which include but are not limited to training workshops, organised webinars, and seminars. Irrespective of these interventions, some academics still lack the digital skills to deliver effective digital curricula. The primary aim of the research is to develop other methods to address the shortage of digital skills among scholars. This research is based on a three-year qualitative interpretive study carried out at a university in South Africa, exploring a scenario where academics share their experiences on utilising digital platforms for teaching and learning following the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was generated purposefully and conveniently by sampling thirty-two academics from the school of education. The methods used for data generation included e-reflective activities, Zoom group discussions, and semi-structured interviews conducted one-on-one via WhatsApp. After thematic analysis, findings show that academics' digital background becomes the barrier to having the necessary digital skills for digital curriculum delivery. Hence, most of them were driven by informal skills for social needs and personal digital skills for individual needs at the expense of formal digital skills for discipline needs. With universities in developing countries still becoming victims of student protests, natural disasters, and other challenges, alternatives are being sought to accommodate the transition from face-to-face to online or hybrid curriculum delivery modes.

Abstract The didactics of history, as a field of knowledge, addresses, among other issues, the teaching of how to teach history and undertakes the training of those studying history to become teachers. From this general notion, a field of knowledge is configured that interacts with the relevant sciences and the problems arising from the practices of teaching and learning history and the social sciences. Research in the field aims to unravel this dynamic and complex object to offer improvements in historical education proposals and teacher training. Although new lines of research have been generated (perspectives of interculturality, human rights, gender, interdisciplinarity, or sustainability), these have not necessarily been incorporated into the programs or curricula. In this context, we understand that social problems must be considered in the didactics of history and in teacher training. We propose to engage in dialogue between the contributions of the didactics of history in the teacher training at the Faculty of Humanities of the National University of Comahue and the current challenges in the teaching and learning of history.

Resumen La didáctica de la historia, como campo de conocimiento se ocupa, entre otras cuestiones, de enseñar a enseñar historia y lleva adelante la formación de quienes estudian historia para ser profesoras y profesores. De esta noción general, se configura un campo de conocimiento que dialoga con las ciencias referentes, con los problemas que surgen de las prácticas de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la historia y las ciencias sociales. Las investigaciones en el campo, buscan desentrañar a este objeto dinámico y complejo para ofrecer una mejora en las propuestas de educación histórica y la formación del profesorado. Si bien se han generado nuevas líneas de investigación (perspectivas de interculturalidad, Derechos Humanos, género, interdisciplinariedad o sostenibilidad), estas no necesariamente se han incorporado a los programas o Planes de estudio. En este marco entendemos que los problemas sociales deben ser pensados en la didáctica de la historia y en la formación del profesorado. Proponemos dialogar entre los aportes de la didáctica de la historia en la formación del profesorado de la Facultad de Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional del Comahue y los desafíos actuales en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la historia.

Abstract This paper reports the results of a qualitative case study conducted with undergraduate students from a distance learning Bachelor’s degree program in Foreign Language Education Program with an emphasis on English at a private university in Colombia. This study aimed at depicting realities encountered by pre-service teachers when conducting research in EFL, and how these realities affect their process and therefore their undergraduate research reports. This qualitative study gathered data through interviews, focus groups, observation, and document analysis. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. The main findings showed pre-service teachers’ difficulties in finding conducive contexts in which to carry out their research, as well as difficulties related to poor time management, inconsistencies between research subjects and curricula, and differences in research tutors’ feedback and guidance as factors that might contribute to the production of biased research in the field of English as a foreign language. In conclusion, it is necessary to review institutional higher education policies to determine a range of possibilities to divulge and contribute to the academic field as part of a curricular updating process.

Resumen Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio de caso cualitativo realizado con estudiantes de una Licenciatura en Lenguas Extranjeras, con énfasis en inglés, en una universidad privada de Colombia. Este estudio tuvo como propósito develar las realidades que experimentan los futuros licenciados al llevar a cabo investigaciones relacionadas con la enseñanza y aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjera, así como analizar cómo estas experiencias afectan el proceso y los resultados de la investigación educativa. Los datos se recolectaron a través de entrevistas, grupos focales, observaciones y análisis de documentos, utilizando el software MAXQDA. Los hallazgos principales revelaron las dificultades que enfrentan los docentes en formación para encontrar contextos propicios en los cuales llevar a cabo sus investigaciones. También evidenciaron dificultades relacionadas con la mala gestión del tiempo, inconsistencias entre las materias de investigación y los planes de estudios, así como disparidades en el acompañamiento proporcionado por los tutores de investigación. Todas estas dificultades podrían contribuir a la producción de investigaciones sesgadas. En conclusión, se resalta la importancia de hacer una revisión de las políticas institucionales con el fin de proporcionar un abanico de posibilidades para divulgar y contribuir al campo académico mediante procesos de actualización curricular.

Abstract the following article describes and analyzes some of the adaptive measures that were implemented by Costa Rican Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions to address the problems and challenges that arose during the COVID-19 health crisis. Considering that TVET has a practical orientation and focuses on the development of work skills, we investigated, from a qualitative approach, which adaptation measures were implemented by the National Learning Institute (INA), the Ministry of Public Education (MEP), the University College of Cartago (CUC), the University College of Limón (CUNLIMÓN) and the National Technical University (UTN), and how some of these measures could be relevant in post-pandemic scenarios. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews applied to the authorities of the aforementioned institutions in 2021 and the analysis of the data culminated in 2023. Among the most relevant results, it is highlighted that some of the actions implemented by the educational centers were decisively influenced by the weak conditions of educational investment (present in the system prior to the health crisis) and the availability of resources to reduce the negative effects of the pandemic. Measures to sustain virtual professional practices, as well as the implementation of curricula, became one of the main challenges to be solved. In this context, virtual practices and some curricular adaptations, specifically in evaluation and didactics, were part of the measures implemented during the period of confinement due to the pandemic.

Resumen este artículo describe y analiza algunas de las medidas de adaptación que fueron aplicadas por las instituciones de Educación y Formación Técnica Profesional (EFTP) de Costa Rica para hacer frente a los problemas y retos que surgieron durante la crisis sanitaria por el COVID-19. Al considerar que la EFTP tiene una orientación práctica y se enfoca en el desarrollo de habilidades para el trabajo, se investigó, desde un enfoque cualitativo, cuáles medidas de adaptación implementaron ante la pandemia el Instituto Nacional de Aprendizaje (INA), el Ministerio de Educación Pública (MEP), el Colegio Universitario de Cartago (CUC), el Colegio Universitario de Limón (CUNLIMÓN) y la Universidad Técnica Nacional (UTN), y cómo algunas de estas medidas podrían ser relevantes en escenarios pospandémicos. La recolección de los datos se realizó mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas aplicadas a las autoridades de las instituciones mencionadas en el año 2021 y el análisis de estos culminó en el 2023. Dentro de los resultados más relevantes se destaca que algunas de las acciones ejecutadas por los centros educativos estuvieron influenciadas, decisivamente, por las débiles condiciones de inversión educativa (presentes en el sistema, previo a la crisis sanitaria) y la disponibilidad de recursos para disminuir los efectos negativos de la pandemia. Las medidas para sostener las prácticas profesionales virtuales, así como la implementación de los currículos se convirtieron en unos de los principales retos por solucionar. En este contexto, las prácticas virtuales y algunas adaptaciones curriculares, específicamente, en evaluación y didáctica, fueron parte de las medidas implementadas durante la época de confinamiento por la pandemia.

ABSTRACT Reflection on interculturality in Higher Education has become a meeting space for theoretical-conceptual debate about its understanding in university contexts in recent years. In this scenario, this article identifies the discourses of interculturality in Higher Education based on a systematic review of knowledge in the Latin American context. To achieve this, 22 articles from Scielo and Jstor open-access databases published between 2018 and 2022 were selected using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method. The search terms used were interculturality, higher education, bilingual intercultural education, and intercultural education. The analysis was carried out through the use of content matrices from hermeneutics. Among the main findings, it is deduced that interculturality is understood in ethnic and culturalist terms. Furthermore, it is inferred that the programs and curricula mainly serve the populations originating from Latin American countries through integrationist policies. Finally, the authors of the studies suggest a paradigm shift in the understanding of interculturality through the valuation of diverse knowledge, and as a design of the entire society and not only of the so-called minority groups. In conclusion, the discourses revolve around three positions: the epistemic, the political, and the cultural.

RESUMEN La reflexión sobre interculturalidad en la Educación Superior en los últimos años se ha convertido en un espacio de encuentro para el debate teórico-conceptual acerca de sus comprensiones en los contextos universitarios. En este escenario, el presente artículo identifica los discursos de interculturalidad en Educación Superior a partir de una revisión sistemática del conocimiento en el contexto latinoamericano. Para ello, se seleccionaron 22 artículos de bases de datos de acceso abierto Scielo y Jstor publicados entre el 2018 y 2022 mediante el método Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. Los términos de búsqueda utilizados fueron: interculturalidad, educación superior, educación intercultural bilingüe, educación intercultural. El análisis se realizó mediante el uso de matrices de contenido desde la hermenéutica. Entre los principales hallazgos, se deduce que la interculturalidad se comprende en términos étnicos y culturalistas. Además, se infiere que los programas y planes de estudios atienden mayoritariamente a las poblaciones originarias de los países latinoamericanos mediante políticas integracionistas. Finalmente, los autores de los estudios sugieren un cambio de paradigma en la comprensión de la interculturalidad, mediante la valoración de los saberes diversos, y como designio de toda la sociedad y no solo de los grupos denominados minoritarios. Se concluye que los discursos giran en torno a tres posicionamientos: lo epistémico, lo político y lo cultural.

BACKGROUND. The University of Botswana Faculty of Medicine (UB FOM) is the only medical school in Botswana, and was opened to address shortages that other workforce strategies were not achieving at a sufficient rate. The UB FOM programme involves early patient contact at all levels of healthcare. Newly-graduated doctors are expected to perform managerial responsibilities, a role which few medical curricula include formal training for. OBJECTIVES. To explore the perceptions of graduates and medical educators (MEs) on the leadership and management training in the medical curriculum in Botswana. METHODS. A non-theory driven qualitative study using thematic analysis was conducted. Twelve MEs and graduates from UB FOM were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached. Data were transcribed and analysed. RESULTS. Two themes were developed: Starting small to be tall and Planting the seeds. Theme 1 describes the explicit messages of being future managers and leaders unaccompanied by formal training. Theme 2 acknowledges the insufficient training and describes the call for scaffolded longitudinal leadership and management teaching, and enhanced interprofessional education. CONCLUSION. Elements of leadership and management training are already included within the curriculum. The health system expectation that these graduates will immediately assume leadership and management responsibilities necessitates the strengthening of these aspects. The inclusion of critical content and further expansion of interprofessional education can be considered. The UB FOM is in a position to actualise its identified leadership and management competencies to serve the needs of its graduates and those in their care.

BACKGROUND. The Catholic University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College and Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences teamed up to address gaps in the training curricula for medical doctors and nurses with the aim of developing harmonised curricular templates that would be comprehensive and suit national objectives. OBJECTIVES. To share experiences and lessons learned in engaging stakeholders using social media as an additional method to collect information on curricular gaps and ideas to develop harmonised medical and nursing curricula. METHODS. Pictures, newsprint extracts, and videos of face-to-face events in the curriculum development process and project and a curriculum advert were posted on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube and used to engage stakeholders, including regulatory bodies, health professional councils, graduates, students, practitioners, health training institutions, private and public employers, internship supervisors, faculty and the public. Reactions, comments and post insights from stakeholder postings, in both Swahili and English, were analysed manually and categorised into four types of messages: congratulatory, comments on the process and expected outcomes, curricular gaps, and faculty development needs to implement new curricula. RESULTS. A total of 69 290 stakeholders were engaged via Facebook and 229 via Twitter. A total of 13 553 (19.6%) Facebook and 179 (78.2%) Twitter comments were directly related to gaps in current curricula and graduate competencies. Other inputs received through social media were on faculty development needs to implement harmonised curricula and the project in general. CONCLUSION. This was the first attempt to engage curriculum stakeholders using social media for the development of harmonised curricula in Tanzania. The impact of social media in providing relevant inputs for curriculum development was significant. Use of social media, with multiple language options, is an economical and efficient way to reach a large number of stakeholders for curriculum quality improvement.