Resumen La comunidad científica internacional no tiene dudas hoy en asumir que las inscripciones son un medio de comunicación con intención de notoriedad, universalidad - dentro del grupo social que les da origen- y mayor o menor grado de perdurabilidad. De ahí que haya sido el mecanismo utilizado, entre otros, por artistas y escultores para acompañar a sus programas iconográficos con la intención de completarlos y ofrecer mayor profundidad comunicativa que la que se puede lograr únicamente con la imagen. Este es sin duda el objetivo perseguido por el artista (o los artistas) que realizaron los retablos de la Duda y la Pasión para la capilla funeraria de los Caparroso de la Catedral de Pamplona. Este mecanismo - texto+imagen -, no representa novedad alguna pero sí lo es la utilización de distintos tipos gráficos dentro de un mismo conjunto epigráfico. Este fenómeno es propio y casi exclusivo de la epigrafía de transición entre el ocaso medieval y los albores de la modernidad. Es por ello que nuestro estudio se centra en el análisis paleográfico de estos retablos tratando de arrojar luz sobre algunas incógnitas que aún permanecen sin resolver.

Abstract The international scientific community has no doubts today in assuming that the inscriptions are a means of communication with the intention of notoriety, universality -within the social group that gives rise to them- and a greater or lesser degree of durability. Hence, it has been the mechanism used, among others, by artists and sculptors to accompany their iconographic programs with the intention of completing them and offering greater communicative depth than that which can be achieved solely with images. This is undoubtedly the objective pursued by the artist (or artists) who created the altarpieces of Doubt and Passion for the Caparroso funeral chapel in Pamplona Cathedral. This mechanism - text+image -, does not represent any novelty, but the use of different graphic types within the same epigraphic group does. This phenomenon is characteristic of and almost exclusive to the epigraphy of the transition between the medieval decline and the dawn of modernity. That is why our study focuses on the paleographic analysis of these altarpieces trying to shed light on some unknowns that still remain unresolved.

RESUMEN El proyecto liderado por la Editorial Universo Sur de la Universidad de Cienfuegos busca establecer una Red de Editoriales y sus revistas correspondientes en el Ministerio de Educación Superior. El objetivo es que, de manera colaborativa a nivel nacional e internacional, enfrenten los desafíos clave para una gestión eficiente de sus procesos editoriales. Esto incluye la creación de una estrategia de alfabetización informacional y producción científica que fomente estrategias transversales e interdisciplinares, permitiendo la localización, comparación, evaluación, comunicación, difusión, síntesis y producción de información al nivel de los estándares internacionales de las universidades. Se promoverán y generalizarán las buenas prácticas que garanticen calidad, sostenibilidad, profesionalismo, acceso abierto, universalidad y responsabilidad en estas editoriales. Se identificarán las debilidades, fortalezas, amenazas y oportunidades, y a partir de este análisis se propondrá y llevará a cabo un plan de mejoras en todos estos procesos, con su respectiva valoración multicriterio y nivel de preferencia.

ABSTRACT The project led by Editorial Universo Sur of the University of Cienfuegos seeks to establish a Network of Publishing Houses and their corresponding journals in the Ministry of Higher Education. The objective is that, in a collaborative manner at national and international level, they face the key challenges for an efficient management of their editorial processes. This includes the creation of an information literacy and scientific production strategy that promotes cross-cutting and interdisciplinary strategies, allowing the location, comparison, evaluation, communication, dissemination, synthesis and production of information at the level of international university standards. Good practices that guarantee quality, sustainability, professionalism, open access, universality and responsibility in these publishing houses will be promoted and generalized. Weaknesses, strengths, threats and opportunities will be identified, and based on this analysis, an improvement plan will be proposed and implemented for all these processes, with their respective multi-criteria assessment and level of preference.

Resumen El artículo aborda los desafíos de la etnografía en línea, inspirado en experiencias de investigación antropológica con medios digitales durante la pandemia. Se enfoca en la identidad múltiple de artefactos tecnológicos, enfatizando la necesidad de que la etnografía digital sea sensible a las prácticas y contingencias asociadas a estos artefactos, en lugar de considerarlos neutrales y aislados de las relaciones humanas. También se discute el desafío de trabajar con escalas globales, tanto en el contexto de la pandemia como en las plataformas de internet, y se reflexiona sobre la ética en la investigación digital. Esta ética se ve como un ejercicio de negociación constante con los participantes del estudio, más que con las plataformas digitales en sí. Se argumenta que es crucial enfocarse en las prácticas locales para no confundir lo global con homogeneidad o universalidad. Finalmente, se sostiene que la etnografía digital no debe replicar los procedimientos algorítmicos de las plataformas, sino que debe mantener una distinción clara entre las categorías nativas y las analíticas en la investigación antropológica. En resumen, se defiende que la etnografía no es minería de datos. línea tecnológicos humanas globales internet estudio sí universalidad Finalmente resumen datos

Abstract The article addresses the challenges of online ethnography, inspired by anthropological research experiences with digital media during the pandemic. It focuses on the multiple identities of technological artifacts, emphasizing the need for digital ethnography to be sensitive to the practices and contingencies associated with these artifacts, rather than considering them neutral and isolated from human relationships. The challenge of working with global scales, both in the context of the pandemic and on internet platforms, is also discussed, along with reflections on ethics in digital research. This ethics is seen as a constant negotiation exercise with the study participants, rather than with the digital platforms themselves. It is argued that it is crucial to focus on local practices to avoid confusing the global with homogeneity or universality. Finally, it is maintained that digital ethnography should not replicate the algorithmic procedures of the platforms, maintaining a clear distinction between native and analytical categories in anthropological research. In summary, it is defended that ethnography is not data mining. artifacts relationships scales discussed participants themselves universality Finally summary mining

ABSTRACT The Brazilian Health Ministry launched in 2019 a new financing policy for Primary Health Care, Previne Brasil Program, which has required municipalities to adapt. The research aim is to analyze the implementation of the Previne Brasil Program in a southern region county. Characterized as an analysis of public policies, the methodology included interviews and document analysis. The results were organized into six sub-themes: municipal law and the Program’s evaluation and monitoring commission; bonus system; changes in work processes; main difficulties; social participation; and future expectations for Primary Health Care. During the implementation of the Previne Brasil Program, significant changes can be observed in the work processes, stimulated by the goals and indicators established, and also by the transfer of resources to professionals through individual bonuses. By adopting a managerial perspective, the changes in the financing of Primary Health Care point to the detachment in relation to the Unified Health System principles and guidelines, such as universality, integrality and social participation. The Program’s implementation at municipal level can lead to the focusing of health actions, relativization of the local analysis of health situation and centralization of the planning processes.

RESUMO Em 2019, o Ministério da Saúde lançou uma nova política de financiamento da Atenção Básica, o Programa Previne Brasil, que tem exigido a adaptação pelos municípios. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a implementação do Programa Previne Brasil em um município do Sul do País. A metodologia caracteriza-se como análise de políticas públicas, por meio de entrevistas e análise documental. Os resultados foram organizados em seis subtemas: lei municipal e comissão de avaliação e monitoramento do Programa; sistema de gratificações; mudanças no processo de trabalho; principais dificuldades enfrentadas; participação social; e expectativas futuras para a Atenção Básica. No processo de implementação do Programa Previne Brasil, observam-se mudanças significativas no trabalho das equipes, estimuladas pelo estabelecimento de metas e indicadores, e pelo repasse dos recursos aos profissionais na forma de gratificações individuais. Ao adotarem uma perspectiva gerencialista, as mudanças no financiamento da Atenção Básica apontam para o distanciamento em relação aos princípios e diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde como universalidade, integralidade e participação da comunidade. A implementação do programa em âmbito municipal pode induzir à focalização de ações em saúde, à relativização da análise local da situação de saúde e à centralização do processo de planejamento.

Resumen El objetivo fue comparar el burnout y compromiso afectivo en dos muestras: antes (n1=111) y durante (n2=125) la pandemia por COVID-19 en trabajadores de una universidad del noroeste de México y, además, analizar la asociación entre variables. Se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa, empleando la prueba T, U de Mann-Whitney, X2 y ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados reflejaron que el agotamiento y el compromiso afectivo fueron mayores durante la pandemia; mientras que la eficacia profesional influyó de manera significativa y negativa sobre el compromiso afectivo (Q2 = .095), corroborando las tres hipótesis planteadas. Se obtuvo evidencia para contribuir a la controversia entre la Paradoja del Huracán y la Sociedad del Cansancio. Su originalidad reside en la identificación del impacto de la pandemia en muestras non-WEIRD, lo cual permite aportar a la universalidad y generalizabilidad de la ciencia, según Cockcroft (2022). La principal limitación fue el uso de muestreo no probabilístico.

Abstract The objective was to compare burnout and affective commitment in two samples: before (n1 = 111) and during (n2=125) the COVID-19 pandemic in workers of a university in northwestern Mexico, and also to analyze the association between variables. A quantitative methodology was used, applying the T test, Mann-Whitney U test and structural equations. The results reflected that burnout and affective commitment were higher during the pandemic; while professional efficacy had a significant and negative influence on affective commitment (Q2 = .095), proving the three hypotheses. Evidence was obtained to contribute to the Hurricane Paradox and the Burnout Society controversy. Its originality lies in identifying how the pandemic impacted on these variables in non-WEIRD samples, that allows contributing to the universality and generalizability of science, according to Cockcroft (2022). The main limitation was the non-probabilistic sampling used.

Abstract This paper aims to determine how and why the problem of the origin of the unconscious in psychoanalysis allows us to think about the genesis of the universality present in the philosophical tradition. Relying on the concept of originary repression in psychoanalysis, which designates the point of birth of the unconscious, I will try to show that it is the very foundation of the unconscious that produces the emergence of philosophical universality. In the light of the relation between the origin of the unconscious and the genesis of universality, it will be seen that wherever universality has taken place, something was subjected to repression. This repressed content will refer us to the notion of jouissance, which must be understood as a non-historical nucleus around which the political struggles for universality are organized.

Resumen Este trabajo se propone determinar cómo y por qué el problema del origen del inconsciente en psicoanálisis, permite pensar la génesis de la universalidad presente en la tradición filosófica. Apoyándome en el concepto de represión originaria en psicoanálisis, que designa el punto de nacimiento del inconsciente, trataré de mostrar que la fundación misma del inconsciente es la que produce el surgimiento de la universalidad filosófica. A la luz de la relación entre el origen del inconsciente y la génesis de la universalidad, se podrá apreciar que allí donde la universalidad ha tenido lugar, algo fue sometido a la represión. Este contenido reprimido nos remitirá a la noción de goce, que habrá que entender como un núcleo no-histórico en torno al cual se organizan las luchas políticas por la universalidad.

Resumo A universalidade das políticas sociais (dignidade igual a todos os cidadãos) não tem surtido os efeitos desejados na redução dos níveis de desigualdade e exclusão, nomeadamente ao nível do direito à habitação e à cidade por parte da população cigana/Roma em Portugal, uma vez que mais de um terço das pessoas ciganas ainda continuam a viver em habitações não clássicas. Tendo por base uma pesquisa qualitativa, assente na análise bibliográfica e documental sobre a situação habitacional das pessoas ciganas/Roma em Portugal nas últimas décadas, e em trabalho de campo realizado ao longo dos últimos 20 anos, o objetivo deste artigo consiste, por um lado, em apresentar uma análise exploratória e compreensiva sobre o continuum difícil acesso das pessoas ciganas a uma habitação adequada e, por outro, em partilhar alguns contributos para uma reflexão mais ampla e interdisciplinar sobre os princípios orientadores para uma ação (e intervenção) na área da habitação mais adequada face a estas populações. Apesar de se terem gerado algumas expectativas em torno da legislação recentemente aprovada na área das políticas públicas de habitação, a situação habitacional dos Ciganos pouco ou nada mudou ao longo do tempo. O continuum e difícil acesso a uma habitação adequada é um indicador de desigualdades estruturais, revelando uma maior vulnerabilidade sócio-habitacional que afeta a população cigana/Roma em Portugal e que está longe de ser solucionada por parte das políticas públicas locais e nacionais.

Abstract The universality of social policies (equal dignity for all citizens) has not had the desired effects in reducing the levels of inequality and exclusion, namely in terms of the right to housing and the city by Cigano/Roma population in Portugal, since more than one third of Cigano/Roma people tend to live in non-classical housing. Based on qualitative research, based on bibliographical and documentary analysis on the housing situation of Ciganos/Roma people in Portugal in recent decades, and on fieldwork carried out over the last 20 years, the aim of this article consists on the one hand to present an exploratory and comprehensive analysis on this continued and difficult access for Ciganos/Roma people to adequate housing and, on the other hand, to share some contributions for a broader and interdisciplinary reflection on some guiding principles for a more adequate housing intervention for these populations. Although some expectations have been generated around the recently approved legislation in the area of public housing policies, the housing situation of Cigano/Roma has changed little or nothing over the last few years. Difficult access over time to adequate housing is an indicator of structural inequalities, revealing a particular socio-housing vulnerability that affects Cigano/Roma population in Portugal which is far from being solved by local and national public policies.

Abstract We present a new variational characterization of breather solutions of any equation of the focusing Gardner hierarchy. This hierarchy is characterized by a nonnegative index n, and 2n + 1 represents the order of the corresponding PDE member. In this paper, we first show the existence of such breathers, and that they are solutions of the (2n+1)th-order Gardner equation. Then we prove a variational universality property, in the sense that all these breather solutions satisfy the same fourth order stationary elliptic ODE, regardless the order of the hierarchy member. This fact also characterizes them as critical points of the same Lyapunov functional, that we also construct here. As by product of our approach, we find breather solutions of the hierarchy of (2n+1)th-order mKdV equations, as well as a respective characterization of them as solutions of a fourth order stationary elliptic ODE. We also extend part of these results to the periodic setting, presenting new breather solutions for the 5th and 7th mKdV members of the hierarchy. Finally, we prove ill-posedness results for the whole Gardner hierarchy, by using appropiately their breather solutions.

School leadership matters. After teachers and teaching, school leadership is the most important determinant of learner achievement in school. Despite this, there is still uncertainty regarding what successful school leadership is and what successful school leaders do in non-Western contexts. In this mixed methods study I explored successful high school leadership in South Africa. Specifically, a questionnaire was administered to 38 principals from academically high-achieving schools from a range of socioeconomic contexts throughout the Western Cape, and 14 principals were interviewed. An integrated analysis reveals the paradox of uniqueness and universality of successful school leadership in South Africa, outlining that while there is no single best approach, various similarities exist between successful school leaders and established international literature. I found that successful principals adapt to their context, amalgamate transformational, instructional and distributed leadership styles, set direction, develop people, constantly realign the school with teaching and learning, and, importantly, strive to make a difference in the lives of others. It is about leading with Ubuntu. By highlighting these characteristics and practices, I offer theoretical, practical and personal advice to current and aspiring school leaders, academics and policy makers.

Abstract The normative-positivist projection of human rights is insufficient for its guarantee; therefore, for these rights to be enforceable and close to people, the theoretical expansion of the principle of universality and the concept of guarantee is pertinent. In this sense, beyond what the domestic and regional systems prescribe for the enforceability of human rights, we must allude to the word consuetus satisdatio that refers to the guarantee of rights every time and everywhere for the build of an authentic control of universality of human rights.

Resumen La proyección normativo-positivista de los derechos humanos es insuficiente para su garantía; por eso, para que estos derechos sean exigibles y cercanos a las personas, es pertinente la ampliación teórica del principio de universalidad y del concepto de garantía. En este sentido, más allá de lo que prescriben los sistemas domésticos y regionales para la exigibilidad de los derechos humanos, debemos aludir a la voz consuetus satisdatio que hace referencia a la garantía de los derechos en todo tiempo y lugar para la gestación de un auténtico control de universalidad de los derechos humanos.

Abstract: Over the last decades, different approaches linked to decolonial tradition have shifted the pendulum of critique from claims of universality towards individual accounts and experiences. However, in what we can call “narrative turn”, the moral justifications for first-person perspectives are not always evident. In this paper, I explore the boundaries of epistemic relevance regarding the role that subjective accounts and experiences play in the critique of injustice. For that, I start by inverting the question of objectivity in the critique considering the particularity of different experiences. The issue, in this case, is the position from where philosophers speak in their attempts to describe experiences of suffering. With regards to first-person standpoint, the question that is at stake is whether philosophers are capable of describing others’ experiences. In these terms, how can we share experiences of injustice after all? Next, I argue that there ought to be, in the debate, a distinction between two dimensions of justice. According to usual distinctions of “first- and second-order” approaches, I insist that theoretical claims related to the narrative turn refer to demands of first-order justice: it is about moral recognition of individuals’ epistemic claims, opening to the possibility to confront defective notions of universality and blind spots in theories of justice. However, these claims do not have justification criteria themselves, requiring, thus, normative dependencies which are external to experiences - these are situated in second-order justice. I argue, then, that this model has the advantage of incorporating the insights of decolonial theories without neglecting the potential for the critique of injustice.

Resumo: Nas últimas décadas, diferentes abordagens ligadas à tradição de(s)colonial têm movido o pêndulo da crítica de pretensões de universalidade para relatos e experiências particulares. Contudo, nisso que podemos chamar de virada narrativa, não são sempre evidentes as justificativas morais de perspectivas em primeira pessoa. A questão que se gostaria de explorar neste artigo é se seria possível encontrar relevância epistêmica de relatos e experiências subjetivas na crítica de injustiça. Começa-se por inverter a questão, partindo do problema da objetividade na crítica, diante da particularidade das experiências. A questão, nesse caso, é de onde fala o filósofo ou a filósofa, na sua intenção de descrever experiências de sofrimento de outras pessoas. Se falamos sempre em primeira pessoa, e se existe algum limite cognitivo ou epistêmico de experiências, de onde viria a capacidade de criticar experiências que não são as nossas? Afinal, como podemos compartilhar experiências de injustiça? Em seguida, defende-se que podemos avançar, se distinguirmos duas dimensões de justiça. Seguindo distinções conhecidas de teorias de primeira e segunda ordem, defende-se que reivindicações ligadas à virada narrativa se referem a demandas de justiça de primeira ordem: trata-se de reconhecer moralmente a pretensão epistêmica dos sujeitos, vendo-se ali a possibilidade de confrontar noções falhas de universalidade e pontos cegos em teorias da justiça. Contudo, essas pretensões não possuem em si próprias critérios de justificação, requerendo dependências normativas, as quais são externas às próprias experiências - essas, sim, situadas em justiça de segunda ordem. Propõe-se que esse modelo tem a vantagem de incorporar as vantagens teóricas de teorias de(s)coloniais, sem negligenciar os potenciais da crítica da injustiça.

Resumen: La Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos tuvo lugar poco después de concluida la Segunda Guerra Mundial y surgió, por tanto, en un contexto que asociamos a los albores de la denominada Guerra Fría. Transcurridos casi setenta y cinco años de aquella fecha los cambios, muchas veces disruptivos, han llegado a lomos de lo que se conoce como Revolución Digital, también llamada Tercera Revolución Industrial o Revolución científico-tecnológica en que se inscribe un fenómeno omnicomprensivo como es la Globalización. La universalización de los derechos humanos puede colisionar con otras visiones de cariz relativista como, por ejemplo, la interculturalidad o el multiculturalismo. Las notas características que comúnmente se afirman respecto de los derechos humanos, es decir, que sean objetivos, absolutos e inalienables, pueden no ser concluyentes. La nota de diversidad difundida desde instancias como la UNESCO así lo pone manifiesto: la celebración del Día Mundial de la Diversidad Cultural para el Diálogo y el Desarrollo, organizada por la UNESCO cada 21 de mayo, destaca, en este sentido, no solo la riqueza de las culturas del mundo sino también el papel esencial del diálogo intercultural para lograr la paz y el desarrollo sostenible sin desmerecer su valía económica. Preguntémonos, en este estado de cosas, ¿cómo es posible conciliar universalidad y diversidad? Y sin desprendernos del binomio tolerancia-dignidad, sigámonos preguntando si la universalidad pregonada lo que pretende es imponer una visión del mundo marcadamente occidental.

Abstract: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights took place very shortly after the end of the Second World War and therefore emerged in a context that we associate with the dawn of the so-called Cold War. Almost seventy-five years after that date, the changes, often disruptive, have come on the back of what is known as the Digital Revolution, also called the Third Industrial Revolution or the Scientific and Technological Revolution, which includes the all-encompassing phenomenon of Globalization. The universalization of human rights may collide with other relativistic visions, such as interculturality or multiculturalism, for example. The commonly asserted characteristics of human rights, i.e., that they are objective, absolute, and unalienable, may not be conclusive. The note of diversity disseminated by bodies such as UNESCO makes this clear: the celebration of the World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development, organized by UNESCO every 21 May, highlights, in this sense, not only the richness of the world's cultures but also the essential role of intercultural dialogue in achieving peace and sustainable development without detracting from its economic value. In this context, how can we reconcile universality and diversity? And without abandoning the tolerance-dignity binomial, let us continue to ask ourselves whether the universality that is being proclaimed is intended to impose a markedly Western worldview.

ABSTRACT The Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), since its creation in 1988, has a history of insufficient resources to effectively guarantee universality and comprehensive care. Its underfunding, derived from the lack of support from part of society and neoliberal policies undertaken by various governments in the 1990s and 2000s, turned into effective reduction in real terms of funding resources after the approval of the “expenditure ceiling” in 2016, aggravating the structural system difficulty. The Covid-19 pandemic generated a preeminent need to expand the service capacity of the public health system and, with that, the resources for the SUS were expanded. However, this greater financial availability was the result of extraordinary measures and was restricted to the years 2020 and 2021. The ordinary budget for health in those years and the 2022 LOA demonstrate that the underfunding continues and that the pandemic did not change the lack of priority given to healthcare within the federal budget.

RESUMO O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), desde sua criação em 1988, tem um histórico de recursos insuficientes que permitam efetivamente garantir a universalidade e a integralidade do cuidado. Seu subfinanciamento, derivado da ausência de apoio de parte da sociedade e de políticas neoliberais assumidas por diversos governos nos anos 1990 e 2000, transformou--se em um efetivo desfinanciamento a partir da aprovação do “teto de gastos”, em 2016, agravando as dificuldades estruturais do sistema. A pandemia de Covid-19 gerou uma necessidade preeminente de ampliação da capacidade de atendimento do sistema público de saúde e, com isso, os recursos para o SUS foram ampliados. Essa maior disponibilidade financeira, porém, foi fruto de medidas extraordinárias e ficou restrita aos anos de 2020 e 2021. O orçamento ordinário destinado à saúde nesses anos e a LOA de 2022 explicitam que o desfinanciamento se mantém e que a pandemia não gerou priorização da saúde da população brasileira no interior do orçamento federal.

Abstract This paper defends a constructive interpretation of the Critique of Pure Reason, which is built in analogy with an experimental construction that Kant believes to characteristic of chemistry. I also argue for a way to reconcile the methodological perspective of the constructivist method with that of transcendental reflection. I therefore provide a constructive explanation for what Kant describes as being pure reason and the argument of the transcendental deduction. I propose to frame the different perspectives in such a way that the experimental construction is the ratio cognoscendi of pure reason, while pure reason is the ratio essendi of the experimental construction. O’Neill (1989, 2015) is one of the most important scholars that have argued for a constructivist reading of the Critique of pure reason (CPR). In this paper I develop and explore new aspects of this line of interpretation. One of the main criticisms raised against constructivist readings of Kant’s philosophy is an alleged commitment to subjectivism or voluntarism (cf. Kleingeld & Willaschek 2019). This concern led some scholars to rename their position as constitutivist instead (Korsgaard 2009; Sensen 2013, 2017; Formosa 2011). Constitutivism, is intended to be a sort of constructivism capable of avoiding voluntarism. However, it becomes difficult, sometimes, to differentiate between the constitutivist and foundationalist positions, which are based on transcendental reflection and imply a sort of realist perspective on reason. The same preoccupation applies to the constructivist interpretation of the CPR. In order to deal with this issue, the following questions must be addressed: how can constructivism justify the necessity and universality of transcendental principles of pure reason without compromising the normative and procedural aspects of the construction? How to reconcile arguments based on the analysis of representations and faculties with a constructivist procedure? Or even, how may transcendental reflection, as a view of the possibility of a priori cognition, be rendered compatible with a constructive procedure? This paper is divided into three sections, followed by brief final remarks. The first section outlines the main characteristics of constructivism and relates them to Kant’s positions about the nature of philosophy and its method. The second part argues for a type of experimental constructivism that might serve as a guiding analogy to understand the method underlying the CPR. Thirdly, I will show how the transcendental subject and pure reason are derived from this experimental construction. The conclusion briefly points out some advantages of this position.

Resumo Neste artigo, aprofunda-se a discussão crítica às políticas adotadas pelo governo Bolsonaro em relação à saúde pública, particularmente no que tange ao financiamento em geral, ao enfrentamento da pandemia e ao primeiro ano de implantação do novo modelo de “financiamento” para a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). A análise evidencia o acirramento da legitimidade restrita do regime político, assumida por políticas ultraneoliberais e pelo neofascismo do governo Bolsonaro. Estas formas de dominação - política e econômica - engendram uma conjuntura interna que visa remodelar a acumulação de capital na saúde pública via APS por meio de mecanismos “operacionais” burocráticos sutis de desconstrução da universidade do “financiamento”. Na primeira parte, discute-se a abrangência da crise tripla do capital - sanitária, econômica e ecológica - e sua relação orgânica com o Estado no capitalismo dependente brasileiro, abrindo espaço para o crescimento da restrição do regime político endossado pela ascensão do neofascismo. Na segunda parte, aborda-se a escalada do desfinanciamento do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em plena crise de covid-19 e os efeitos da implementação do modelo de financiamento da APS, evidenciando a continuidade do processo de valorização de um “SUS operacional” em detrimento do seu princípio de universalidade como dimensão neofascista do governo Bolsonaro.

Abstract This article deepens the critical discussion about the policies of the Bolsonaro government regarding public health, particularly regarding the general financing, the confrontation of the pandemic, and the first year of implementation of the new financing model for Primary Health Care (PHC). The analysis evidences the aggravation of the restrict legitimacy of the political regime, assumed by ultra-neoliberal policies and by the neofascism of the Bolsonaro government. These forms of domination - political and economic - produce an internal conjuncture that seeks to remodel the capital accumulation in public health by PHC by subtle bureaucratic “operational” mechanisms of deconstruction of financing universality. In the first part, the coverage of the triple crisis of the capital - sanitary, economic and ecological - and its organic relationship to the State in the Brazilian dependent capitalism is discussed, opening space to the increase of the restriction of the political regime endorsed by the ascension of the neofascism. In the second part, the increase of the de-financing of the Unified Health System (SUS) right in the middle of the covid-19 crisis and the effects of the implementation of the financing model of the PHC, evidencing the continuity of the process of valuing an “operational SUS” in detriment of its universality principle as a neofascist dimension of Bolsonaro’s government.