ABSTRACT Background: This article aims to provide information on the diameter distribution of naturally regenerated forests of Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich), a tree species endemic in the mountains of the Eastern Mediterranean basin and assess their prediction ability with the Johnson SB distribution. Previous research attested to the flexibility of Johnson family distributions to mimic empirical diameter data for a large set of tree species, justifying its use for the case study. A set of 134 plots (400 m2) were sampled in the most represented areas of the distribution of the species in Türkiye and diameter at breast height was measured in all the living trees. The cedar forests displayed heterogeneous diameter structures with diameters range from 10 to 116 cm and irregular shapes (e.g. unimodal, bell-shaped, left- and right-skewed, and non-uniform). Over three-quarters of the empirical diameter distributions (104 sample plots) were classified as SB distribution. The remaining were classified as bounded at the lower end, SL (16) or unbounded, SU (14). The authors essayed the 3-parameter and 4-parameter recovery methods after Parresol and Fonseca and other´s fundamental studies. The 3-parameter recovery method outperformed the 4-parameter method in the convergence criterion and error index (EI) expressed in the basal area. Results: Results show that the Johnson SB distribution can adequately reproduce the high variability in diameter for most of the distributions observed in these natural forests, providing reliable estimates which can serve as a basis for decision support systems. Conclusion: The SB distribution can represent the diameter distributions of natural cedar forests, even if the empirical distributions are not in the region covered by this distribution. Background Cedrus Rich, Rich , Rich) study 13 400 (40 m2 m trees 1 11 e.g. eg e g (e.g unimodal bellshaped, bellshaped bell shaped, shaped bell-shaped left rightskewed, rightskewed right skewed, skewed right-skewed nonuniform. nonuniform non uniform . non-uniform) threequarters three quarters 104 (10 end 16 (16 unbounded 14. 14 (14) 3parameter parameter 3 4parameter 4 others other s studies EI (EI area systems Conclusion 40 (4 e.g non-uniform (1 (14 (

Resumo A produção de leite é uma das atividades econômicas mais importantes da agropecuária brasileira. Produtores podem usufruir de programas de melhoramento genético que permitem a identificação dos melhores animais e sua seleção para maximizar a produtividade com a melhor relação custo/benefício, além do aconselhamento do descarte de animais menos produtivos. Objetivou-se estimar a herdabilidade e repetibilidade da produção de leite corrigida para 305 dias (PL305) de um rebanho de bovinos da raça Girolando. Foram analisadas 528 lactações de 251 vacas. Para análise foi definida a distribuição uniforme a priori para efeitos sistemáticos. As distribuições de Wishart gaussiana e invertida foram definidas como distribuições a priori para efeitos aleatórios. Os componentes de variância foram estimados utilizando inferência bayesiana pela função MCMCglmm disponível no pacote MCMCglmm do software R. A convergência foi verificada pelo teste de Geweke disponível no software R. Após a obtenção dos componentes de variância foram estimados a herdabilidade e repetibilidade. A herdabilidade observada foi 0,28, o que sugere que a seleção para esta característica resultará em progresso genético eficiente no rebanho. A maior parte da variância fenotípica é devido a variância ambiental, com isso, o fenótipo dos indivíduos não é um bom indicador da variância genética aditiva. A repetibilidade foi de 0,93, indicando que o primeiro desempenho dos animais é considerado um bom indicador do segundo, podendo ser utilizadas em decisões de descarte.

Abstract Milk production is an important economic activity in Brazil. Dairy farmers would benefit from animal breeding programs that aid in identification and selection of animals with the best cost/benefit ratio to maximize productivity, and additionally provide advice on disposal of less productive animals. This study aims to estimate the heritability and repeatability of milk production corrected for 305 days (PL305) in a herd of Girolando cattle. We analyzed 528 lactations in 251 cows. For the analysis, uniform a priori distribution was defined for systematic effects. Gaussian and inverted Wishart distributions were defined as a priori distributions for random effects. The variance components were estimated based on Bayesian inference using the MCMCglmm function available in the MCMCglmm package of the R software. Convergence was verifed with the Geweke test available in the R software. The heritability and repeatability were estimated from the variance component results. Heritability was at 0.28, suggesting that selection for the milk production trait leads to efficient genetic progress in the herd. Phenotypic variance was mainly due to environmental variance; therefore, the phenotype of individuals should not be considered as indicator for additive genetic variance. Repeatability was at 0.93, indicating that the first performance of the animals based on milk production average is a good indicator of the second, and the data could be used for disposal decisions.

Abstract The concept of deferred Nörlund equi-statistical convergence has recently been studied by Srivastaval et al. (see,[19]). In this paper, we have introduced the notion of equi-statistical convergence, statistical point-wise convergence and statistical uniform convergence in conjunction with the deferred statistical convergence and established a inclusion relation between them. Moreover, we have applied our idea (presumably new) of the deferred equi-statistical convergence to prove a Korovkin-type approximation theorem and demonstrated that our theorem is a non-trivial extension of some well-established Korovkintype approximation theorems which ware proved by some earlier authors. Furthermore, we have established the rate of deferred equistatistical convergence and accordingly proved a theorem. Finally, some concluding remarks and fascinating cases are shown here in support of our definitions and results.

Abstract In this article, we introduce the concept of µ-statistical convergence and µ-density convergence of sequences of functions defined on a compact subset D of the probabilistic normed space (X, N, ∗), where µ is a finitely additive two valued measure. In particular, we introduce the notions of µ-statistical uniform convergence as well as µ-statistical point-wise convergence of sequences of functions in probabilistic normed space (in short PN-space) and we give some characterization results on these two convergences of sequences of functions in PN-space. We have also observed that µ-statistical uniform convergence of sequences of functions in PN-spaces inherits the basic properties of uniform convergence.

Abstract In this paper, a new hybrid approach is presented based on the combination of the power series expansions and the Rayleigh-Ritz method for stability and free vibration analyses of axially functionally graded non-uniform beams resting on constant Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation. In the proposed novel technique, the power series approximation is first adopted to solve the motion equation. Regarding this numerical methodology, the transverse displacement and all mechanical properties are expanded in terms of power series of a known degree. By solving the eigenvalue problem, one can acquire the fundamental natural frequencies. According to aforementioned method, the expression of vibrational mode shape is also determined. Based on the similarities existing between the vibrational and buckling deformation shapes, Rayleigh-Ritz method is finally employed to construct eigenvalue problem for obtaining the critical loads. In order to illustrate the correctness and convergence of the method, several numerical examples of axially non-homogeneous and homogeneous beams are conducted. The obtained outcomes are compared to the results of Finite Element Analysis in terms of ANSYS software and those of other available numerical and analytical solutions. The accuracy of the method is then remarked.

RESUMEN En este artículo estudiamos un sistema no lineal de ecuaciones diferenciales que aparecen en quimiotaxis. El sistema consiste de una EDP que describe la evolución de una población y otra que modela la concentración de una sustancia química. En particular, probamos la existencia y unicidad de soluciones no negativas vía un método iterativo. Primero generamos una sucesión de Cauchy de soluciones aproximadas a partir de una modificación lineal del sistema original. Luego, algunas cotas uniformes de las soluciones son usadas para encontrar una subsucesión débilmente convergente a la solución del sistema original.

ABSTRACT In this paper we study a nonlinear system of differential equations arising in chemotaxis. The system consists of a PDE that describes the evolution of a population and another which models the concentration of a chemical substance. In particular, we prove the existence and uniqueness of nonnegative solutions via an iterative method. First, we generate a Cauchy sequence of approximate solutions from a linear modification of the original system. Next, some uniform bounds on the solutions are used to find a subsequence that converges weakly to the solution of the original system.

Let E, F be sets and G a Hausdorff, abelian topological group with b : E X F→ G; we refer to E, F, G as an abstract duality pair with respect to G or an abstract triple and denote this by (E,F : G). Let (Ei,Fi : G) be abstract triples for i = 1, 2. Let Fi be a family of subsets of Fi and let τFi(Ei) = τi be the topology on Ei of uniform convergence on the members of Fi. Let J be a family of mappings from Ei to E2. We consider conditions which guarantee that J is τ1-τ2equicontinuous. We then apply the results to obtain versions of the Banach-Steinhaus Theorem for both abstract triples and for linear operators between locally convex spaces.

Abstract To investigate the thermal buckling of curved carbon nanotubes (CCNTs) embedded in an elastic medium, nonlocal elasticity theory is employed in combination with the theory of thin curved beams. Differential quadrature (DQ) method is implemented to discretize the resulted governing equations. Solving these equations enables us to estimate the critical temperature and the critical axial buckling load for CCNTs surrounded by an elastic medium and under the effect of a uniform temperature change. The elastic interaction between the nanotube and its surrounding medium is modeled as a Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation. The fast convergence of the DQ method is demonstrated and also its accuracy is verified by comparing the results with available solutions in the literature. The effects of various parameters such as different boundary conditions, nonlocal parameter, Winkler and Pasternak elastic modulus, temperature and nanotube curvature on the critical buckling temperature and load are successfully studied. The results reveal that the critical buckling load depends significantly on the curvature of the CCNT.

AbstractPultrusion is one of several manufacturing processes for reinforced polymer composites. In this process fibers are continuously pulled through a resin bath and, after impregnation, the fiber-resin assembly is cured in a heated forming die. In order to obtain a polymeric composite with good properties (high and uniform degree of cure) and a process with a minimum of wasted energy, an optimization procedure is necessary to calculate the optimal temperature profile. The present work suggests a new strategy to minimize the energy rate taking into account the final quality of the product. For this purpose the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and the computer code DASSL were used to solve the differential algebraic equation that represents the mathematical model. The results of the optimization procedure were compared with results reported in the literature and showed that this strategy may be a good alternative to find the best operational point and to test other heat policies in order to improve the material quality and minimize the energy cost. In addition, the robustness and fast convergence of the algorithm encourage industrial implementation for the inference of the degree of cure and optimization.

The problem ofelectromagnetic waves propagation inoverhead transmissionlines has apparently not been solved in a sound manner yet. While the problemdoes not have anexact analyticalsolutionwhen considering the presence of the actual surface of theearth, its approximate solutionintroducingtheoreticalsimplificationsis of formidable practical interest. Using quasi-static approximations Carson obtained integral equations to calculate the electromagnetic field due to a horizontal current carrying wire which is above a lossy ground plane. Carsonhimselfproposedthe first solutionto theseexpressions using power series expansions which does not possess uniform convergence andsincethen there have beenefforts toget a bettersolution. In this sense two clear approaches have been essentially followed. The first one consists on modifying the integrand in such a way that an analytic solution can be obtained. The second one is based on using numerical integration schemes.

El problema de la propagación de ondas electromagnéticas en líneas de transmisión aéreas aún no ha sido resuelto de manera definitiva. Si bien el problema no posee una solución analítica exacta cuando se considera la presencia de la superficie real de la tierra, su solución aproximada, introduciendo simplificaciones teóricas es de gran interés práctico. Usando aproximaciones cuasi-estáticas, en 1926 Carson obtuvo ecuaciones integrales para el cálculo del campo electromagnético generado por la corriente de un conductor horizontal sobre un plano de tierra imperfecto. La primera solución la propone el mismo Carson utilizando expansiones en series, las cuales no poseen convergencia uniforme y desde entonces se han hecho esfuerzos por tener una mejor aproximación. Se han seguido dos enfoques claros, el primero consiste en introducir modificaciones en el integrando de manera que sea posible obtener una solución analítica. El segundo, se basa en la utilización de métodos de integración numérica.

The uniform deformation theory (UDT) is a relatively new concept in structural seismic design optimization. However, the results of optimization based on this theory have not yet been compared with other optimization techniques such as metaheuristics, and the optimality of the designs has been proved only by comparing the results with the conventional designs. This paper presents a new algorithm based on the UDT to performance-based design optimization (PBDO) of steel moment frames. In order to verify robustness of this method, the achieved results of PBDO for two baseline steel moment frames are compared with three metaheuristics consisting of genetic algorithm (GA), ant colony optimization (ACO), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The results indicate that the optimization based on UDT provides a much higher convergence rate to the optimum design compared with metaheuristics.

Let E, F be sets, G an Abelian topological group and b : ExF - G. Then (E, F, G) is called an abstract triple. Let w(F, E) be the weakest toplogy on F such that the maps {b(x, ·): x G E} from F into G are continuous. A subset B C F is w(F,E) sequentially conditionally compact if every sequence {yk} C B has a subsequence {y nk } such that limj; b(x, y nk) exists for every x G E. It is shown that if a formal series in E is subseries convergent in the sense that for every subsequence {x nj} there is an element x G E such that Xj=! b(x nj ,y) = b(x,y) for every y G F ,then the series Xj=! b(x nj ,y) converge uniformly for y belonging to w(F, E) sequentially conditionally compact subsets ofF. This result is used to establish Orlicz-Pettis Theorems in locall convex and function spaces. Applications are also given to Uniform Boundedness Principles and continuity results for bilinear mappings.

Fully nonlinear wave interaction with a fixed breakwater is investigated in a numerical wave tank (NWT). The potential theory and high-order boundary element method are used to solve the boundary value problem. Time domain simulation by a mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian (MEL) formulation and high-order boundary integral method based on non uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) formulation is employed to solve the equations. At each time step, Laplace equation is solved in Eulerian frame and fully non-linear free-surface conditions are updated in Lagrangian manner through material node approach and fourth order Runge-Kutta time integration scheme. Incident wave is fed by specifying the normal flux of appropriate wave potential on the fixed inflow boundary. To ensure the open water condition and to reduce the reflected wave energy into the computational domain, two damping zones are provided on both ends of the numerical wave tank. The convergence and stability of the presented numerical procedure are examined and compared with the analytical solutions. Wave reflection and transmission of nonlinear waves with different steepness are investigated. Also, the calculation of wave load on the breakwater is evaluated by first and second order time derivatives of the potential.

This paper proposes a new adaptive hybrid filter scheme based on the least mean square and the recursive least square algorithms for uniform linear antenna arrays to generate radiation beam patterns. The individual adaptive blocks used to form the new filter are interconnected by the linear array factor to simulate a virtual antenna array and to set the desired direction of the main beam pattern. The completed formulation of the new filter is detailed and its capability to minimize interference signals and adaptive white gaussian noise is evaluated by simulation and compared with other filters. The simulation results showed that the convergence speed and the filtering characteristics of the new model are better or similar to those that make it. In conclusion, the new scheme can generate the main beam pattern to the desired signal direction.

Este artículo propone un nuevo esquema de filtro híbrido adaptativo en cascada basado en los algoritmos de mínimos cuadrados promediados y recursivo de mínimos cuadrados para arreglos lineales uniformes de antenas para generar lóbulos de radiación. Los bloques adaptativos individuales usados para formar el nuevo filtro son interconectados a través del factor de arreglo lineal para simular un arreglo virtual de antenas y fijar la dirección deseada del lóbulo principal. La formulación completa del nuevo filtro se detalla y su capacidad de minimizar los efectos debidos a señales de interferencia y ruido blanco gaussiano aditivo es evaluada mediante simulación y comparada con otros filtros. Los resultados de la simulación mostraron que la rapidez de convergencia y las características de filtrado del nuevo modelo son mejores o similares a las de aquellos que lo constituyen. Se concluye que el nuevo esquema puede generar el lóbulo principal hacia la dirección de la señal deseada.

Let E be a vector valued sequence space with â-dual Åâã. We consider sufficient conditions on E for the series in a pointwise bounded subset of Åâã to be uniformly convergent over certain subsets of E. The conditions involve gliding hump assumptions on the multiplier space E. Applications to matrix mappings between vector valued sequence spaces are given.