Resumen: Durante los últimos años se dio un giro significativo hacia el proteccionismo comercial como respuesta a lo que algunos perciben como un evidente descontento provocado por el proceso de globalización. Bajo este planteamiento, el siguiente trabajo se centró en dos de los eventos más emblemáticos que simbolizan esta tendencia: la presidencia de Donald J. Trump (2017-2021) en Estados Unidos y el referéndum del Brexit en el Reino Unido. Trump marcó un punto de inflexión en la política comercial de Estados Unidos, al promover un enfoque de America First que incluía la imposición de aranceles y la renegociación de acuerdos comerciales internacionales. Por otro lado, el referéndum del Brexit en 2016 y la posterior salida del Reino Unido de la Unión Europea en 2020 representaron un caso paradigmático de proteccionismo a nivel regional. En ese sentido, se buscó explorar cómo el Brexit afectó las relaciones comerciales entre el Reino Unido y la UE, así como su posición en la escena internacional. Bajo esa línea, se discutieron las implicaciones más amplias de estas dos dinámicas en el contexto de la crisis de la globalización: ¿representan estos movimientos un desafío sostenible al orden económico global existente o son respuestas temporales a problemas específicos?, ¿qué lecciones se pueden extraer de estas experiencias para la futura gestión de los conflictos comerciales?

Abstract: In recent years, we have witnessed a significant turn towards commercial protectionism as a response to what some perceive as clear discontent provoked by the current process of globalization. Our work will focus on two of the most emblematic events symbolizing this trend: the presidency of Donald J. Trump (2017-2021) in the United States and the Brexit referendum in the United Kingdom. Trump marked a turning point in U.S. trade policy, advocating an "America First" approach that included imposing tariffs and renegotiating international trade agreements. On the other hand, the 2016 Brexit referendum and the subsequent UK's departure from the European Union in 2020 represented a paradigmatic case of regional protectionism. Therefore, we will explore how Brexit affected trade relations between the UK and the EU, as well as its position on the international stage. Along these lines, we will discuss the broader implications of these two dynamics in the context of the globalization crisis: Do these movements pose a sustainable challenge to the existing global economic order, or are they temporary responses to specific issues? What lessons can be drawn from these experiences for the future management of trade conflicts?

Abstract We are at a turning point in the history of the fashion system, established in 1850. Many events have happened and fashion has been the protagonist. Only 30 years ago, Design came to fashion, through the University, creating specific careers, where it would begin its transformation, little by little, with small steps, from individual actions, that professionals in clothing / fashion design, carried out in pursuit of an improvement in the sector. The year 2020 has been a historic moment for this system. The whole world has seen the consequences of taking this industry and this system that does not stop and has been denounced for years to the extreme. Can we build a new system? What elements is this fashion developing, for more than 150 years and still without question? Can design bring light to this practice and improve it? Consumers, designers and education are the key to this change.

Resumen Nos encontramos en un punto de inflexión en la historia del sistema de moda, afianzado en 1850. Han pasado muchos sucesos y la moda ha sido protagonista. Hace solo 30 años el Diseño llega a la moda, a través de la Universidad, creando carreras específicas, donde comenzaría su transformación, poco a poco, con pequeños pasos, a partir de acciones individuales, que los profesionales del diseño de indumentaria / moda, realizan en pos de una mejora del sector. El año 2020, ha sido un momento histórico de este sistema. El mundo entero ha visto las consecuencias de llevar al extremo esta industria y este sistema que no para y que se denuncia hace años. ¿Podremos construir un nuevo sistema? ¿Qué elementos son los que desarrolla esta moda, desde hace más de 150 años y se siguen sin cuestionar? ¿Puede el diseño, traernos luz a esta práctica y mejorarla? Los consumidores, diseñadores y la educación, son la clave de este cambio.

Resumo Estamos em um ponto de inflexão na história do sistema de moda, estabelecido em 1850. Muitos eventos aconteceram e a moda tem sido a protagonista. Há apenas 30 anos o Design chegou à moda, através da Universidade, criando carreiras específicas, onde começaria a sua transformação, aos poucos, com pequenos passos, a partir de ações individuais, que profissionais do design de roupas / moda, realizado na busca da melhoria do setor. O ano de 2020 foi um momento histórico para este sistema. O mundo inteiro viu as consequências de levar ao extremo esta indústria e este sistema que não pára e que vem sendo denunciado há anos. Podemos construir um novo sistema? Que elementos esta moda está se desenvolvendo, há mais de 150 anos e ainda sem questionamentos? O design pode trazer luz a esta prática e melhorá-la? Consumidores, designers e educação são a chave para essa mudança.

Résumé À travers un cadre conceptuel, nous avons cherché à comprendre les inégalités dont les femmes universitaires font l’objet dans le domaine des STEM, en prenant en compte les différents mécanismes de subalternité à l’oeuvre concernant ces dernières. Nous avons adopté une perspective de genre afin de mieux saisir les configurations structurelles et de pouvoir affectant les femmes, ainsi qu’une perspective intersectionnelle pour rendre compte de la configuration complexe et dynamique des axes d’inégalité ayant un impact sur les expériences des femmes universitaires. D’un point de vue technique, nous avons entrepris une révision des sources secondaires, surtout celle des revues indexées. Sur le fond, nous avons mis en évidence l’articulation entre régimes de genre et régimes académiques, en tant que mécanisme d’assujettissement transformant les universités en espaces de production et de reproduction des inégalités de genre. conceptuel lobjet l objet STEM loeuvre oeuvre dernières quune qu dinégalité d inégalité Dun D technique secondaires indexées fond larticulation articulation académiques dassujettissement assujettissement

Resumo A partir de um quadro conceitual, procuramos compreender as desigualdades que as mulheres acadêmicas vivenciam na área STEM, considerando os diferentes mecanismos de subalternidade das mulheres. Adotamos uma perspectiva de gênero para compreender as configurações estruturais e de poder que afetam as mulheres, bem como uma perspectiva interseccional dada a configuração complexa e dinâmica de uma série de eixos de desigualdade que impactam as experiências das acadêmicas. Do ponto de vista técnico, revisamos fontes secundárias, especialmente periódicos indexados. Basicamente, destacamos a articulação entre regime de gênero e regime acadêmico como mecanismo de sujeição que transforma as universidades em espaços de produção e reprodução das desigualdades de gênero. conceitual STEM técnico secundárias indexados Basicamente

Abstract Through a conceptual framework we aim to understand the specific inequalities of female academics in the STEM field, considering the different mechanisms of women’s subalternity. We use a gender perspective to investigate the structural and power configurations affecting women, as well as an intersectional perspective given the complex and dynamic configuration of the main axes of inequality that impact the experiences of female academics. Technically, we reviewed secondary sources, especially indexed journals. Substantively, we highlighted the articulation of gender and academic regimes as a mechanism of subjection, turning universities into spaces that produce and reproduce gender inequalities. field womens women s subalternity Technically sources journals Substantively subjection

Resumen Ensayamos un entramado conceptual en virtud de comprender las inequidades específicas de las académicas superiores del área STEM, atendiendo a los distintos mecanismos de subalternidad de las mujeres. Tributamos una perspectiva de género, en tanto dispositivo de comprensión de las configuraciones estructurales y de poder que afectan a las mujeres; también una perspectiva interseccional dada la configuración compleja y dinámica de una serie de ejes de desigualdad, que impactan las experiencias de las académicas. Técnicamente acudimos a la revisión de fuentes secundarias, en especial revistas indexadas. En lo sustantivo destacamos la articulación de los regímenes de género y académico, como mecanismo de sujeción, tornando a las universidades en espacios de producción y reproducción de desigualdades de género. STEM mujeres desigualdad secundarias indexadas académico sujeción

Abstract This article is an acknowledgement of Abdelmalek Sayad’s contribution, by adopting part of the author’s methodological proposal and turning this into a dialogue, with some reflection on Silvia Federici’s feminist criticism. The main aim here is to examine the social transformation resulting from migration while focusing on gender relations as part and parcel of the experience of both emigration and immigration. The re-examining of the “double absence”, from the point of view of women, is developed by retracing the steps back to various territories in Mediterranean Europe, Burkina Faso, Mexico, and the United States. The method used is predominantly qualitative, the research was carried out between 2012 and 2020. The text adopts Sayad’s proposal for an overall reconstruction of the migration process. In this case the critical perspective will take into consideration “state thought” and the capitalist system, as well as a patriarchal social structure. Sayads Sayad s contribution authors author dialogue Federicis Federici criticism immigration reexamining re examining double absence, absence , absence” women Europe Faso Mexico States qualitative 201 2020 process state thought system structure 20 202 2

Astract (it) L’articolo rende omaggio al contributo sociologico di Abdelmalek Sayad recuperando una parte della proposta metodologica dell’autore e facendola dialogare con alcune riflessioni sviluppate dalla critica marxiana e femminista di Silvia Federici. L’obiettivo è quello di osservare le trasformazioni sociali correlate al processo migratorio considerando anche i rapporti di forza esistenti nelle relazioni di genere, che connotano l’esperienza tanto di emigrazione che di immigrazione. La rilettura della “doppia assenza”, dal punto di vista delle donne, viene sviluppata ripercorrendo differenti territori dell’Europa Mediterranea, Burkina Faso, Messico e Stati Uniti. Il metodo usato é prevalentemente qualitativo, l’attività di ricerca si è svolta tra gli anni 2012 e 2020. Il testo raccoglie l’invito di Sayad alla ricostruzione complessiva del processo migratorio. In questo caso la prospettiva critica riguarda tanto il pensiero di Stato che il sistema capitalista, così come le strutture sociali patriarcali. it (it Larticolo L articolo dellautore dell autore Federici Lobiettivo obiettivo genere lesperienza l esperienza immigrazione doppia assenza, assenza , assenza” donne dellEuropa Europa Mediterranea Faso Uniti qualitativo lattività attività 201 2020 linvito invito capitalista patriarcali 20 202 2

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the opportunities generated by the offset agreements of the KC-390 program for the Brazilian Aeronautical Chain (BAC), as well as its limits and challenges. The KC-390 marks a turning point in the Brazilian Air Force's orders, standing out not only for the technological challenges overcome by Embraer but also for the technological opportunities offered to other Brazilian companies, resulting from compensation agreements signed with five foreign suppliers of systems and onboard components. Field research revealed that a significant portion of these offset agreements was linked to maintenance, reflecting the Brazilian Air Force's strategy to seek autonomy in the operational cycle of the new military transport aircraft and to reduce operational costs. Despite this direction, it is worth mentioning that at least two agreements - in the areas of avionics and secure communication radio - involved technology transfer and the development of a new product for the country. Thus, this case illustrates the window of opportunity created by orders of this magnitude, through which government authorities can boost the country's industrial and technological development through offset agreements.. KC390 KC 390 KC-39 BAC, BAC , (BAC) Forces Force s companies components maintenance costs direction country Thus magnitude countrys agreements. KC39 39 KC-3 (BAC KC3 3 KC-

RESUMO Este artigo visa analisar as oportunidades geradas pelos acordos de offset do programa KC-390 para a Cadeia Aeronáutica Brasileira (CAB), assim como seus limites e desafios. O KC-390 marca um ponto de virada nas encomendas da FAB, destacando-se não só pelos desafios tecnológicos superados pela Embraer, mas também pelas oportunidades tecnológicas oferecidas a outras empresas brasileiras, decorrentes dos acordos de compensação firmados com cinco fornecedores estrangeiros de sistemas e componentes embarcados. A pesquisa de campo revelou que uma parte significativa desses acordos de offset esteve vinculada à manutenção, refletindo uma estratégia da FAB de buscar autonomia no ciclo operacional da nova aeronave de transporte militar e de reduzir custos operacionais. Apesar desse direcionamento, cabe ressaltar o fato de que ao menos dois acordos – nas áreas de aviônicos e de rádio de comunicação segura – envolveram a transferência de tecnologia e o desenvolvimento de um novo produto para o país. Dessa forma, este caso ilustra a janela de oportunidade criada por encomendas dessa magnitude, através da qual as autoridades governamentais podem impulsionar o desenvolvimento industrial e tecnológico do país por meio dos acordos de offset. KC390 KC 390 KC-39 CAB, CAB , (CAB) destacandose destacando se Embraer brasileiras embarcados manutenção operacionais direcionamento forma magnitude KC39 39 KC-3 (CAB KC3 3 KC-

ABSTRACT The 35th Brazilian Congress of Surgery marked a turning point for surgical education in the country. For the first time, the Brazilian College of Surgeons included Global Surgery on the main congressional agenda, providing a unique opportunity to rethink how surgical skills are taught from a public health perspective. This discussion prompts us to consider why and how Global Surgery education should be expanded in Brazil. Although Brazilian researchers and institutions have contributed to the fields expansion since 2015, Global Surgery education initiatives are still incipient in our country. Relying on successful strategies can be a starting point to promote the area among national surgical practitioners. In this editorial, we discuss potential strategies to expand Global Surgery education opportunities and propose a series of recommendations at the national level. th country time agenda perspective Brazil 2015 practitioners editorial level 201 20 2

RESUMO O 35º Congresso Brasileiro de Cirurgia foi marcado por discussões inovadoras para a educação cirúrgica no país. Pela primeira vez, o Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões incluiu a Cirurgia Global na pauta principal do congresso, proporcionando uma oportunidade única de repensar como as habilidades cirúrgicas são ensinadas a partir de uma perspectiva de saúde pública. Essa discussão nos leva a considerar por que e como o ensino da Cirurgia Global deve ser expandido no Brasil. Embora pesquisadores e instituições brasileiras tenham contribuído para a expansão do campo desde 2015, as iniciativas de educação em Cirurgia Global ainda são incipientes em nosso país. Basear-se em estratégias bem-sucedidas pode ser um ponto de partida para promover a área entre os profissionais de cirurgia nacionais. Neste editorial, discutimos potenciais estratégias para expandir as oportunidades de educação em Cirurgia Global e propomos uma série de recomendações a nível nacional. º país vez congresso pública Brasil 2015 Basearse Basear se bemsucedidas bem sucedidas nacionais editorial nacional 201 20 2

Resumo Objetivo Pensar a Psicologia, enquanto campo de saber e prática de cuidado, ainda que com sua rica polifonia, diversidade e multiplicidade, sabendo que encontra-se vinculada originalmente ao dualismo, ao individualismo, ao subjetivismo, ao cientificismo, ao eurocentrismo e ao profissionalismo. Por outro lado, trazer as contribuições inegáveis dos povos indígenas brasileiros, em sua imensa etnosociobiodiversidade de mais de 300 povos ainda sobreviventes, que apresentam saberes e práticas de cuidado e saúde a partir de seus diversos mas convergentes referenciais cosmopolíticos, integrais, integrativos, relacionais, comunitários, coletivos, ritualísticos, sacralizados, ancestrais, intuitivos, recíprocos e indisciplinares, pois tanto não reconhecem a fragmentação dos saberes em disciplinas, quanto não se colocam a serviço da “disciplinarização da vida”. Método Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo a partir da vasta produção realizada por pensadores indígenas brasileiros da atualidade, trazendo suas contribuições que, definitivamente, podem e devem ser reconhecidas pelo campo da psicologia como provenientes de grandes interlocutores nesse processo de fecundar e refundar o campo de uma psicologia que possa ser decolonial, anticolonial e por vir. Resultados Essas contribuições nos levaram a pensarmos em uma outra Psicologia a partir do referencial cosmopolítico dos povos originários do Brasil. Conclusão Vislumbrarmos uma virada do próprio campo psicológico, avançando desde uma Psicologia decolonial, contracolonial, até uma possível Psicologia por vir. polifonia multiplicidade encontrase encontra dualismo individualismo subjetivismo cientificismo profissionalismo lado 30 sobreviventes cosmopolíticos integrais integrativos relacionais comunitários coletivos ritualísticos sacralizados ancestrais intuitivos indisciplinares disciplinas disciplinarização vida. vida . vida” Tratase Trata atualidade definitivamente decolonial vir Brasil psicológico contracolonial 3

Abstract Objective Think about Psychology, as a field of knowledge and care practice, despite its rich polyphony, diversity, and multiplicity, kowing that it is originally linked to dualism, individualism, subjectivism, scientism, Eurocentrism, and professionalism. On the other hand, there are undeniable contributions of Brazilian indigenous peoples. With over three hundred surviving peoples, they offer a vast ethnosociobiodiversity. They bring forth knowledge and practices of care and health based on diverse yet convergent Cosmopolitical references, which are integral, integrative, relational, communal, collective, ritualistic, sacralized, ancestral, intuitive, reciprocal, and undisciplinary, as they do not recognize the fragmentation of knowledge into disciplines, nor do they serve the “disciplining of life”. Method This is a scoping review based on the production of contemporary Brazilian indigenous thinkers, bringing their contributions that can and should be recognized by the field of psychology as significant interlocutors in the process of fertilizing and reframing the field towards a psychology that may be decolonial, anticolonial, and yet to come. Results These contributions to help us to think another psychology from the Cosmopolitical reference of Brazil’s indigenous peoples. Conclusion We see a turning point, a shift within the psychological field itself, advancing from a decolonial Psychology, countercolonial Psychology, to a possible yet to come Psychology. Psychology practice polyphony diversity multiplicity dualism individualism subjectivism scientism Eurocentrism professionalism hand peoples ethnosociobiodiversity references integral integrative relational communal collective ritualistic sacralized ancestral intuitive reciprocal undisciplinary disciplines disciplining life. life . life” thinkers anticolonial Brazils Brazil s point itself

ABSTRACT This article analyzes Francisco Dornelles’ term at the Ministry of Finance in 1985. In addition to filling the existing gap in historiography, it reconstructs the thinking and economic actions of Dornelles and Tancredo Neves. Both were conservatives, endorsing a “monetarist” diagnosis of the Brazilian crisis. This conservatism translated into a relative continuation of the austerity policy implemented by Delfim Netto. It is argued that Dornelles’ departure from the Ministry of Finance marks an important turning point in Brazil’s economic history. FGV-RJ and the “delfinist” faction of FEA-USP lose their hegemony over economic policy, creating space for other schools, such as Unicamp and PUC-Rio. 1985 historiography Neves conservatives monetarist “monetarist crisis Netto Brazils Brazil s history FGVRJ FGV RJ delfinist “delfinist FEAUSP FEA USP schools PUCRio. PUCRio PUC Rio. Rio PUC-Rio 198 19 1

RESUMO O texto analisa a gestão de Francisco Dornelles no Ministério da Fazenda em 1985. Além de preencher a lacuna existente na historiografia, reconstrói-se o pensamento e a atuação econômica de Dornelles e Tancredo Neves. Ambos eram conservadores, esposando um diagnóstico “monetarista” sobre a crise brasileira. Esse conservadorismo se traduzia em um relativo continuísmo da política de arrocho implementada por Delfim Netto. Argumenta-se que a saída de Dornelles da Fazenda marca uma importante virada na história econômica do Brasil. FGV-RJ e a ala “delfinista” da FEA-USP perdem a hegemonia sobre a política econômica, abrindo espaço para outras escolas, como Unicamp e PUC-Rio. 1985 historiografia reconstróise reconstrói Neves conservadores monetarista “monetarista brasileira Netto Argumentase Argumenta Brasil FGVRJ FGV RJ delfinista “delfinista FEAUSP FEA USP escolas PUCRio. PUCRio PUC Rio. Rio PUC-Rio 198 19 1

Since 2000, elections in Zimbabwe have been hotly disputed and marred by violence. Victims of politically orchestrated violence have received neither apology nor compensation from the government. Whilst transitional justice mechanisms such as the due processes of law, closure for victims, indemnification, and the restructuring of state institutions are essential to ensure justice, there is a need to go beyond the legal system and focus on socio-economic issues. Transitional justice's emphasis on the state and institutions is not enough, margins, places greater emphasis on transformative justice, which it sees as a step towards grassroots reconciliation and the prevention of further rights violations. Transformative justice emphasises peacebuilding initiatives, as well as conflict transformation and development, in the interests of securing sustainability in the future. The study does not dismiss or reject transitional justice as a field of practice and scholarship, but argues rather that transformative justice can complement it. While transitional justice should be applauded for identifying the core themes that characterise and establish a terminus a quo for ensuring justice, the dilemmas raised in allied disciplines and contemporary scholarship and practice call for a broader framework informed by an intersectional analysis of the complexities and contradictions of state -society relations.

Abstract Roland Barthes (2019) said that myth could be understood as a speech that observes certain conditions that allow it to become a myth. With this, is it possible that the digital media are favoring narrative forms where myths typical of Latin American popular culture come into force? This question finds a turning point in an ongoing investigation on myths, legends and new spiritualities in the mentalities of Latin America, for which narratives built daily in three social networks and a video channel are analyzed. Following Barthes, in this study, speech is a communicative device that meets the conditions to build myths, being that a myth "constitutes a communication system"; therefore, digital media favor forms of speech that narrate legends and recreate myths nested in the imaginary of Latin America. Without talking about results yet, this article analyzes some narratives spread on social networks that allow us to recognize in them the cultivation of beliefs that wander between rationality, the emotional and magical thinking; practices that affect some of the media phenomena typical of an ethos that today defines what is popular.

Resumen Roland Barthes (2019) sostuvo que el mito podía entenderse como un habla que observa ciertas condiciones que permiten constituirse en mito. Con esto, ¿es posible que los medios digitales estén favoreciendo formas narrativas donde mitos propios de la cultura popular latinoamericana cobren vigencia? Esta pregunta encuentra punto de inflexión en una investigación en curso sobre mitos, leyendas y nuevas espiritualidades en las mentalidades de América Latina, para la cual se analizan narrativas construidas cotidianamente en tres redes sociales y un canal de video. Siguiendo a Barthes, en ese estudio el habla es un dispositivo comunicativo que reúne condiciones para construir mitos, siendo que un mito “constituye un sistema de comunicación”; por lo tanto, los medios digitales favorecen formas de habla que narran leyendas y recrean mitos anidados en el imaginario de América Latina. Sin hablar de resultados aún, este artículo analiza algunas narrativas difundidas en redes sociales que permiten reconocer en ellas el cultivo de creencias que deambulan entre la racionalidad, lo emocional y el pensamiento mágico; prácticas que inciden en algunos fenómenos mediáticos propios de un ethos que hoy define lo popular.

RESUMEN La declaración de Brighton de 1994 marcó un parteaguas para las mujeres en el deporte mundial. Auspiciada por la Asamblea de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) y el Comité Olímpico Internacional (COI), facilitó a las mujeres que pudieran comunicar sus necesidades y construir una agenda inteligente, alcanzable, con objetivos precisos, igualitaria y equitativa. En el mismo sentido, la participación de mujeres en eventos internacionales y nacionales ha aumentado y se busca el equilibrio. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar similitudes y diferencias textuales y conceptuales en los ejes, objetivos, estrategias y acciones de los 4 sexenios de gobiernos federales, desde la perspectiva comparativa cognoscitiva. Para ello, se revisaron los Planes Nacionales de Desarrollo, Planes Proigualdad/Equidad y Plan Nacional de Cultura Física y Deporte de 2000 a 2022. Con este trabajo, se puede reconocer la valía y la evolución de estos planes, para la transversalización de la perspectiva de género en el aparato gubernamental, las acciones estratégicas, la visibilización y mención en los documentos institucionales, la armonización de las leyes y normativas nacionales y estatales, así como, los llamamientos gubernamentales a la integración de las mujeres a la vida del deporte y toma de decisiones, y la vigilancia de los organismos internacionales, como la ONU y el COI. Este recorrido permite inferir que las políticas públicas desde 2000 a la fecha han fortalecido la participación deportiva de las mujeres y su llegada a puestos de toma de decisiones en el apartado institucional, pero no es concluyente en precisar, el peso de cada periodo, ni especificar la asociación del éxito con acciones ni programas. Lo verdaderamente útil, es reconocer el escalonamiento de acciones que tuvo cada periodo y como, eso visibiliza cada vez, la presencia de las mujeres deportistas en la programación pública.

ABSTRACT The 1994 Brighton declaration marked a turning point for women in world sport. Women were able to communicate their needs and develop an intelligent, achievable agenda with precise, egalitarian, and equitable objectives, held under the auspices of the United Nations Assembly (UN) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Likewise, women’s participation in international and national events has increased and a balance is actively sought. The objective of this paper was to identify textual and conceptual similarities and differences in the axes, objectives, strategies, and actions of the 4 six-year terms of federal governments, employing a cognitive comparative perspective. For this, the National Development Plans, Pro-equality/equity Plans and the National Physical Culture and Sports Plan from 2000 to 2022 were reviewed. With this paper, the value and evolution of these plans can be recognized, for the following issues: mainstreaming of a gender perspective in the government structure, strategic actions, visibility and mention in institutional documents, harmonization of national and state laws and regulations, government calls for the integration of women into sports life and decision-making, and supervision by international organizations, such as the UN and the IOC. This path allows to infer that public policies from 2000 to date have strengthened women’s sports participation and their arrival in decision-making positions in the institutional sector. However, it is not conclusive in specifying the weight of each period, nor specifying the association with actions or programs. What is useful is to recognize the gradual inclusion of actions in each period and how this generates an increasing visibilization and presence of women athletes in public programming.

SIGNIFICANCE: The launch of the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) in 2005, and the introduction of astronomy outreach to interface with the general public, signified a turning point in South African astronomy. We conducted a small study to begin to understand the perceptions of the community that hosts the research facility in Sutherland, in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa. There is an ongoing need for good stakeholder engagement for sustainability. Scientists need critically to consider and review engagement processes with remote communities, including those flanking astronomy infrastructures.

This research aimed to examine the quandaries of contract cheating faced by higher education institutions (HEIs) in South Africa. Based on a desktop study utilizing unobtrusive research methods such as documentary analysis and conceptual analysis of authoritative sources to conceptualise and provide context to contract cheating, the data drew secondary data from published journal articles. Findings demonstrated that the key quandaries of contract cheating are attributed to limited awareness of the concept, the undetectable nature of the action, the lack of law (lacuna) from the national point of view, gaps in existing institutional policies on misconduct, ambiguity in the conceptualisation, and expansion in the availability of this practice as evident in the increase use of custom essay websites, essay mills and file-sharing sites across the globe. To address these challenges, South African HEIs need to acknowledge that contract cheating is a problem which exists in institutions. Therefore, South African HEIs must revisit institutional policies on intellectual integrity and include a delineation of contract cheating, making a clear distinction between plagiarism and collusion. Additionally, South African HEIs must raise awareness of contract cheating amongst their students, invest in software that detects authenticity, such as Authorship Investigate, AI-Emma or Ouriginal, and design student-support-intervention marketing strategies to deter students from turning to contract cheating websites. (HEIs Africa articles concept action lacuna (lacuna view misconduct conceptualisation websites filesharing file sharing globe challenges Therefore collusion Additionally authenticity Investigate AIEmma AI Emma Ouriginal studentsupportintervention student support intervention

Humans and animals leverage agility to negotiate the unpredictable environments we occupy. In order for legged robots to leave sterile lab environments, they need to be agile enough to negotiate our lives. Currently, human agility is far superior to the state-of-the-art robotic platforms. Replicating this on robotic platforms require a profound understanding of how contact events are leveraged to complete agile tasks. In line with this aim, this letter was an initial investigation into bipedal turning, to gain insight into how turning was achieved, and to identify any kinematic trends that emerged from the optimization results. This research was conducted on a simulated 10 DoF non-planar bipedal platform with point feet, and made use of a realistic friction cone, and not a linearized approximation. The mathematical model used was based on the bipedal robot currently under development. Two experiments were conducted: rapid turns with a fixed turn angle at varying speeds, and rapid turns with varying turn angles at a fixed speed. Results indicated that slip occurred 93.32% of the contact duration, and turn overshoot was present in all trajectories analyzed. Additionally, a long-time-horizon trajectory was presented to motivate the feasibility and stability of the turn trajectories studied.

Resumen El objetivo de la investigación es evaluar la eficacia de los diferentes instrumentos de política fiscal para combatir la desigualdad en las economías del siglo 21. Utilizando los estimadores PMG, MG y DFE, calculados a través del Método de Corrección de Errores, se encontró que los impuestos a la propiedad fueron el instrumento más eficaz contra la concentración de los ingresos en 26 países de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OECD) para el periodo de 1995-2017. También se encontró una relación en forma de U invertida con un punto de inflexión entre 2.5 y 3.5 por ciento de recaudación, cifra que equivale a una tasa impositiva promedio de 0.58 por ciento.

Abstract The research objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of the different fiscal policy instruments to combat inequality in the 21st century economies. Using the PMG, MG and DFE estimators, calculated through ECM, it was found that property taxes were the most effective instrument against income concentration in 26 OECD countries for the period 1995-2017. An inverted U-shaped relationship was also found with a turning point between 2.5 and 3.5 percent of collection, a figure that is equivalent to an average tax rate of 0.58 percent.