ABSTRACT Introduction: tuberculous meningitis is the most serious form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, this is due to the high mortality and morbidity in patients, its diagnosis is difficult and the majority of cases can be identified based on clinical criteria and characteristics of the cerebrospinal fluid that the majority Sometimes they are nonspecific. Objective: determine the clinical-epidemiological characteristics in patients with meningeal tuberculosis of patients admitted to the medical clinic area at the National Hospital in the period 2015-2023. Methodology: retrospective descriptive observational cross-sectional study of adult patients with meningeal tuberculosis admitted to the National Hospital in the period 2015-2023. Results: 32 patients between 20 and 80 years old (mean age: 39 years) were included; men 68.75 %, women 32.25 %. Mostly coming from the interior of the country. In most cases, patients presented an increase in proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid and predominantly mononuclear cellularity. The genxpert positivity of Mycobacterium from the cerebrospinal fluid was 62.5 %; in no case was AFB isolated. 37.5 % were seropositive for HIV and 43.75 % had pulmonary disease concomitant to meningitis. Mortality was 31.25 %. Conclusion: tuberculous meningitis in our research mainly affected middle-aged men from the interior, whose initial symptoms are fever in a higher percentage followed by headache, presenting a high mortality.

RESUMEN Introducción: la meningitis tuberculosa es la forma más grave de tuberculosis extrapulmonar, esto se debe a la gran mortalidad y morbilidad en los pacientes, con alta prevalencia en los países en desarrollo, lo que constituye un problema de salud pública. Su diagnóstico es difícil y la mayoría de casos se logran identificar a base de criterios clínicos y características del líquido cefalorraquídeo que la mayoría de veces son inespecíficos. Objetivo: determinar las características clínico-epidemiológicas en pacientes con tuberculosis meníngea de los pacientes internados en área de clínica médica en el Hospital Nacional en el periodo 2015-2023. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal de pacientes adultos con tuberculosis meníngea internados en el Centro Médico Nacional en el periodo 2015- 2023. Resultados: se incluyeron 32 pacientes entre 20 y 85 años (edad media: 39 años); varones 68,75 %, mujeres 32,25 %. Mayoría provenientes del interior del país. En la mayoría de los casos los pacientes presentaron un aumento de proteínas en el líquido cefalorraquídeo y celularidad predominio de mononucleares, la positividad de GeneXpert de Mycobacterium del líquido cefalorraquídeo fue 62,5 %, en ningún caso se aisló BAAR. Fueron seropositivos para VIH 37,5 % y tenían afección pulmonar concomitante a la meningitis 43,75 %. La mortalidad fue de 31,25 %. Conclusión: la meningitis tuberculosa en nuestra investigación afectó mayormente a hombres de mediana edad provenientes del interior, cuya clínica inicial es la fiebre en mayor porcentaje seguido de cefalea presentando una alta mortalidad.

RESUMEN Introducción: la tuberculosis se encuentra dentro de las primeras diez causas principales de muerte en todo el mundo, no solo afecta a los pulmones, también puede tener localizaciones que afectan a tejidos y órganos fuera del parénquima pulmonar. Aunque se diagnóstica clínicamente y se confirma por los estudios bacteriológicos estos, en algunos casos, no son posibles. Información del paciente: se presenta un caso con diagnóstico clínico e imagenológico sugestivos de tuberculosis extrapulmonar con afectación ósea e intestinal, sin apoyo de estudios microbiológicos, en el que se logró la resolución después del tratamiento contra la Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Generalmente se informan casos con afectación extrapulmonar de una sola localización, pero en este se involucran dos tejidos diferentes. No se encuentran referencias a esta combinación. Conclusiones: este caso, en el que existe la combinación de más de un tejido no respiratorio pertenecientes a diferentes sistemas, con afectación por Mycobacterium tuberculosis, permite alertar a los médicos ante un paciente con tuberculosis extrapulmonar y la posibilidad de que exista esta afectación en más de una localización.

ABSTRACT Introduction: tuberculosis is among the first ten main causes of death worldwide, it not only affects the lungs, it can also have locations that affect tissues and organs outside the lung parenchyma. Although it is diagnosed clinically and confirmed by bacteriological studies, these, in some cases, are not possible. Patient information: a case is presented with a clinical and imaging diagnosis suggestive of extrapulmonary tuberculosis with bone and intestinal involvement, without support from microbiological studies, in which resolution was achieved after treatment against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cases with extrapulmonary involvement of a single location are generally reported, but in this case two different tissues are involved. There are no references to this combination. Conclusions: this case, in which there is a combination of more than one non-respiratory tissue belonging to different systems, with involvement by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, allows doctors to be alerted to a patient with extrapulmonary tuberculosis and the possibility that this involvement exists in more of a location.

RESUMEN La primera causa de muerte por enfermedad infecto-contagiosa a nivel mundial es atribuible a la infección por Mycobacterium tuberculosis. La tuberculosis extrapulmonar representa entre un 20 % y un 25 % de los casos de enfermedad tuberculosa. Frecuentemente, para arribar al diagnóstico de dichas localizaciones, se debe recurrir a pruebas diagnósticas invasivas Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 17 años de edad con compromiso extrapulmo nar de tuberculosis en médula ósea sin inmunocompromiso conocido, con síntomas de fiebre, astenia, pérdida de peso, tricitopenia y hepatoesplenomegalia, sin otros hallazgos clínicos significativos. Se arriba al diagnóstico por cultivo positivo para tuberculosis en material de punción/ biopsia de médula ósea. Luego de un mes de tratamiento con isoniacida, pirazinamida, etambutol y rifampicina evoluciona con registros febriles aún después de recibir antibióticos por infección urinaria por Klebsiella pneumoniae, por lo cual se inicia corticoterapia oral con buena respuesta. El paciente abandona el tratamiento luego de tres meses y medio por mala adherencia a este.

ABSTRACT The leading cause of death from a contagious infectious disease worldwide is attribut able to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis accounts for 20-25 % of cases of tuberculous disease. Frequently, in order to reach the diagnosis of these sites, invasive diagnostic tests have to be used. We present the case of a 17-year-old patient with extrapulmonary tuberculosis with bone marrow involvement. The patient wasn’t immunocompromised, and had the following symptoms: fever, asthenia, weight loss, tricytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly, without other significant clinical findings. The diagnosis was reached by positive culture for tuberculosis in bone marrow puncture aspiration/biopsy material After one month of treatment with isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and rifampicin, the patient evolved with fever episodes, even after having received antibiotics for urinary tract infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Thus, oral corticosteroid therapy was started, with good response. The patient discontinued treatment after three and a half months due to poor adherence.

RESUMEN La primera causa de muerte por enfermedad infecto-contagiosa a nivel mundial es atribuible a la infección por Mycobacterium tuberculosis. La tuberculosis extrapulmonar representa entre un 20 % y un 25 % de los casos de enfermedad tuberculosa. Frecuentemente, para arribar al diagnóstico de dichas localizaciones, se debe recurrir a pruebas diagnósticas invasivas Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 17 años de edad con compromiso extrapulmonar de tuberculosis en médula ósea sin inmunocompromiso conocido, con síntomas de fiebre, astenia, pérdida de peso, tricitopenia y hepatoesplenomegalia, sin otros hallazgos clínicos significativos. Se arriba al diagnóstico por cultivo positivo para tuberculosis en material de punción/ biopsia de médula ósea. Luego de un mes de tratamiento con isoniacida, pirazinamida, etambutol y rifampicina evoluciona con registros febriles aún después de recibir antibióticos por infección urinaria por Klebsiella pneumoniae, por lo cual se inicia corticoterapia oral con buena respuesta. El paciente abandona el tratamiento luego de tres meses y medio por mala adherencia a este.

ABSTRACT The leading cause of death from a contagious infectious disease worldwide is attributable to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis accounts for 20-25 % of cases of tuberculous disease. Frequently, in order to reach the diagnosis of these sites, invasive diagnostic tests have to be used. We present the case of a 17-year-old patient with extrapulmonary tuberculosis with bone marrow involvement. The patient wasn’t immunocompromised, and had the following symptoms: fever, asthenia, weight loss, tricytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly, without other significant clinical findings. The diagnosis was reached by positive culture for tuberculosis in bone marrow puncture aspiration/biopsy material After one month of treatment with isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and rifampicin, the patient evolved with fever episodes, even after having received antibiotics for urinary tract infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Thus, oral corticosteroid therapy was started, with good response. The patient discontinued treatment after three and a half months due to poor adherence.

ABSTRACT The case of a 44-year-old male patient with a family history of lymphoma and hyperthyroidism is presented. His disease started three months prior to hospital admission with pain in the right leg and abdomen, weight loss, and night sweats. Upon admission, he was diagnosed with pelvic ascites of undetermined etiology and multiple polygastric and right iliac fossa lymph nodes. Six months later, his symptoms persisted, and a nodule appeared on his penis, along with left testicular edema and purulent discharge from the right inguinal lymph node; orchioepididymitis was diagnosed. Initially, tuberculosis (TB) markers were negative; however, a lymph node biopsy and analysis with Xpert MTB/RIF were performed, yielding a positive result. The patient showed significant improvement with anti-TB treatment and antibiotics for the purulent discharge.

RESUMEN Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 44 años con antecedentes familiares de linfoma e hipertiroidismo. Él inició la enfermedad tres meses antes del ingreso hospitalario con dolor en la pierna derecha y abdominal, pérdida de peso y sudoración nocturna. Fue diagnosticado en su internamiento con ascitis en cavidad pélvica de etiología indeterminada, y múltiples adenomegalias poligástricas y en fosa iliaca derecha. A los seis meses, los síntomas persistieron y se agregó un nódulo en el pene, edema testicular izquierdo y secreción purulenta del ganglio inguinal derecho; se diagnosticó orquiepididimitis. Inicialmente, tuvo marcadores negativos para tuberculosis (TBC), sin embargó, se realizó biopsia del ganglio y el análisis con Xpert MTB/RIF, lo que resultó positivo. El paciente mejoró considerablemente con tratamiento anti TB y antibióticos para la secreción purulenta.

ABSTRACT Objective: To conduct a bibliographic review on tuberculosis (TB) disease in children and adolescents with rheumatic diseases, being managed with biologic therapy. Data source: An integrative review with a search in the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health (PubMed) using the following descriptors and Boolean operators: ([“tuberculosis”] AND ([“children”] OR [“adolescent”]) AND [“rheumatic diseases”] AND ([“tumor necrosis factor-alpha”] OR [“etanercept”] OR [“adalimumab”] OR [“infliximab”] OR [“biological drugs”] OR [“rituximab”] OR [“belimumab”] OR [“tocilizumab”] OR [“canakinumab”] OR [“golimumab”] OR [“secukinumab”] OR [“ustekinumab”] OR [“tofacitinib”] OR [“baricitinib”] OR [“anakinra”] OR [“rilonacept”] OR [“abatacept”]), between January 2010 and October 2021. Data synthesis: Thirty-seven articles were included, with the total number of 36,198 patients. There were 81 cases of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), 80 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and four of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). The main rheumatic disease was juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Among LTBI cases, most were diagnosed at screening and none progressed to TB disease during follow-up. Of the TB cases using biologics, most used tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (anti-TNFα) drugs. There was only one death. Conclusions: The study revealed a low rate of active TB in pediatric patients using biologic therapy. Screening for LTBI before initiating biologics should be done in all patients, and treatment, in cases of positive screening, plays a critical role in preventing progression to TB disease. Objective (TB diseases therapy source US U S U.S PubMed (PubMed operators ([“tuberculosis” ([“children” adolescent [“adolescent”] diseases” factoralpha factor alpha factor-alpha” etanercept [“etanercept” adalimumab [“adalimumab” infliximab [“infliximab” biological drugs drugs” rituximab [“rituximab” belimumab [“belimumab” tocilizumab [“tocilizumab” canakinumab [“canakinumab” golimumab [“golimumab” secukinumab [“secukinumab” ustekinumab [“ustekinumab” tofacitinib [“tofacitinib” baricitinib [“baricitinib” anakinra [“anakinra” rilonacept [“rilonacept” abatacept, abatacept , [“abatacept”]) 201 2021 synthesis Thirtyseven Thirty seven included 36198 36 198 36,19 8 LTBI, (LTBI) PTB, PTB (PTB) EPTB. EPTB . (EPTB) arthritis followup. followup follow up. up follow-up antiTNFα anti TNFα (anti-TNFα death Conclusions treatment ([“tuberculosis ([“children [“adolescent” [“etanercept [“adalimumab [“infliximab [“rituximab [“belimumab [“tocilizumab [“canakinumab [“golimumab [“secukinumab [“ustekinumab [“tofacitinib [“baricitinib [“anakinra [“rilonacept [“abatacept”] 20 202 3619 3 19 36,1 (LTBI (PTB (EPTB [“adolescent [“abatacept” 2 361 1 36, [“abatacept

RESUMO Objetivo: Fazer um levantamento bibliográfico referente à tuberculose (TB) em crianças e adolescentes com doenças reumáticas, em uso de imunobiológicos. Fonte de dados: Revisão integrativa com busca na base United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed) utilizando os descritores e operadores booleanos: ([“tuberculosis”] AND ([“children”] OR [“adolescent”]) AND [“rheumatic diseases”] AND ([“tumor necrosis fator-alpha”] OR [“etanercept”] OR [“adalimumab”] OR [“infliximab”] OR [“biological drugs”] OR [“rituximab”] OR [“belimumab”] OR [“tocilizumab”] OR [“canakinumab”] OR [“golimumab”] OR [“secukinumab”] OR [“ustekinumab”] OR [“tofacitinib”] OR [“baricitinib”] OR [“anakinra”] OR [“rilonacept”] OR [“abatacept”]), entre janeiro de 2010 e outubro de 2021. Síntese de dados: Trinta e sete artigos foram incluídos, com o total de 36.198 pacientes. Houve 81 casos de tuberculose latente (ILTB), 80 casos de tuberculose pulmonar (TBP) e quatro casos de tuberculose extrapulmonar (TBEP). A principal doença reumática foi a artrite idiopática juvenil. Entre os casos de ILTB, a maioria foi diagnosticada no rastreio e nenhum evoluiu para a TB. Dos casos de TB em uso de imunobiológicos, a maioria utilizava fármacos antiTNFα. Houve somente um caso de óbito. Conclusões: O estudo demonstrou baixa taxa de TB nos pacientes pediátricos em uso de imunobiológicos. O rastreio para ILTB antes do início da terapia com agentes biológicos deve ser realizado em todos os pacientes, e o tratamento, nos casos de rastreio positivo, é importante para evitar a progressão para TB doença. Objetivo (TB reumáticas imunobiológicos dados PubMed (PubMed booleanos tuberculosis ([“tuberculosis” children ([“children” adolescent [“adolescent”] rheumatic diseases diseases” tumor fatoralpha fator alpha fator-alpha” etanercept [“etanercept” adalimumab [“adalimumab” infliximab [“infliximab” biological drugs drugs” rituximab [“rituximab” belimumab [“belimumab” tocilizumab [“tocilizumab” canakinumab [“canakinumab” golimumab [“golimumab” secukinumab [“secukinumab” ustekinumab [“ustekinumab” tofacitinib [“tofacitinib” baricitinib [“baricitinib” anakinra [“anakinra” rilonacept [“rilonacept” abatacept, abatacept , [“abatacept”]) 201 2021 incluídos 36198 36 198 36.19 8 (ILTB) TBP (TBP TBEP. TBEP . (TBEP) juvenil antiTNFα óbito Conclusões tratamento positivo ([“tuberculosis ([“children [“adolescent” fator-alpha [“etanercept [“adalimumab [“infliximab [“rituximab [“belimumab [“tocilizumab [“canakinumab [“golimumab [“secukinumab [“ustekinumab [“tofacitinib [“baricitinib [“anakinra [“rilonacept [“abatacept”] 20 202 3619 3 19 36.1 (ILTB (TBEP [“adolescent [“abatacept” 2 361 1 36. [“abatacept

Abstract This retrospective cohort study identified factors associated with loss of follow-up and death due to tuberculosis (TB) in the homeless population (HP) in Brazil, estimating odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) by multinomial logistic regression. A total of 3,831 TB cases in this population were analyzed, of which 57.0% had unfavorable outcomes. Loss of follow-up was associated with: history of abandonment (OR=2.38; 95%CI 2.05-2.77), unknown HIV serology (OR=1.79; 95%CI 1.38-2.32), HIV coinfection (OR=1.73; 95%CI 1.46-2.06), drug use (OR=1.54; 95%CI 1.31-1.80), age (OR=0.98; 95%CI 0.97-0.99), mixed clinical form (OR=0.64; 95%CI 0.42-0.97), extrapulmonary form (OR=0.46; 95%CI 0.29-0.73), government beneficiary (OR=0.64; 95%CI 0.50-0.81), and supervised treatment (OR=0.52; 95%CI 0.45-0.60). Regarding death, the following were associated: age (OR=1.03; 95%CI 1.01-1.05), unknown HIV serology (OR=2.39; 95%CI 1.48-3.86), alcohol consumption (OR=1.81; 95%CI 1.27-2.58), and supervised treatment (OR=0.70; 95%CI 0.51-0.96). Overlapping vulnerabilities in the health-disease process of homeless individuals with TB were observed, requiring comprehensive and cross-sectoral care practices.

Resumo Esta coorte retrospectiva identificou os fatores associados à perda de seguimento e ao óbito por tuberculose na população em situação de rua no Brasil, estimando-se as odds ratios (OR) e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) por regressão logística multinominal. Analisaram-se 3.831 casos de tuberculose nessa população, dos quais 57,0% tiveram desfechos desfavoráveis. Associaram-se à perda de seguimento: histórico de abandono (OR=2,38; IC95% 2,05-2,77), desconhecimento da sorologia do HIV (OR=1,79; IC95% 1,38-2,32) e coinfecção com HIV (OR=1,73; IC95% 1,46-2,06), uso de drogas (OR=1,54; IC95% 1,31-1,80), idade (OR=0,98; IC95% 0,97-0,99), forma clínica mista (OR=0,64; IC95% 0,42-0,97) e extrapulmonar (OR=0,46; IC95% 0,29-0,73), auxílio de programa governamental (OR=0,64; IC95% 0,50-0,81) e tratamento supervisionado (OR=0,52; IC95% 0,45-0,60). Em relação ao óbito, associaram-se: idade (OR=1,03; IC95% 1,01-1,05), desconhecimento da sorologia do HIV (OR=2,39; IC95% 1,48-3,86), uso de álcool (OR=1,81; IC95% 1,27-2,58) e tratamento supervisionado (OR=0,70; IC95% 0,51-0,96). Percebeu-se a sobreposição de vulnerabilidades no processo saúde-doença das pessoas em situação de rua com tuberculose, demandando práticas cuidativas intersetoriais e integrais.

Resumo Esta coorte retrospectiva identificou os fatores associados à perda de seguimento e ao óbito por tuberculose na população em situação de rua no Brasil, estimando-se as odds ratios (OR) e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) por regressão logística multinominal. Analisaram-se 3.831 casos de tuberculose nessa população, dos quais 57,0% tiveram desfechos desfavoráveis. Associaram-se à perda de seguimento: histórico de abandono (OR=2,38; IC95% 2,05-2,77), desconhecimento da sorologia do HIV (OR=1,79; IC95% 1,38-2,32) e coinfecção com HIV (OR=1,73; IC95% 1,46-2,06), uso de drogas (OR=1,54; IC95% 1,31-1,80), idade (OR=0,98; IC95% 0,97-0,99), forma clínica mista (OR=0,64; IC95% 0,42-0,97) e extrapulmonar (OR=0,46; IC95% 0,29-0,73), auxílio de programa governamental (OR=0,64; IC95% 0,50-0,81) e tratamento supervisionado (OR=0,52; IC95% 0,45-0,60). Em relação ao óbito, associaram-se: idade (OR=1,03; IC95% 1,01-1,05), desconhecimento da sorologia do HIV (OR=2,39; IC95% 1,48-3,86), uso de álcool (OR=1,81; IC95% 1,27-2,58) e tratamento supervisionado (OR=0,70; IC95% 0,51-0,96). Percebeu-se a sobreposição de vulnerabilidades no processo saúde-doença das pessoas em situação de rua com tuberculose, demandando práticas cuidativas intersetoriais e integrais. Brasil estimandose estimando se OR (OR 95 IC95 IC (IC95% multinominal Analisaramse Analisaram 3831 3 831 3.83 570 57 0 57,0 desfavoráveis Associaramse Associaram OR=2,38 OR238 2 38 (OR=2,38 2,052,77, 205277 2,05 2,77 , 05 77 2,05-2,77) OR=1,79 OR179 1 79 (OR=1,79 1,382,32 138232 1,38 2,32 32 1,38-2,32 OR=1,73 OR173 73 (OR=1,73 1,462,06, 146206 1,46 2,06 46 06 1,46-2,06) OR=1,54 OR154 54 (OR=1,54 1,311,80, 131180 1,31 1,80 31 80 1,31-1,80) OR=0,98 OR098 98 (OR=0,98 0,970,99, 097099 0,97 0,99 97 99 0,97-0,99) OR=0,64 OR064 64 (OR=0,64 0,420,97 042097 0,42 42 0,42-0,97 OR=0,46 OR046 (OR=0,46 0,290,73, 029073 0,29 0,73 29 0,29-0,73) 0,500,81 050081 0,50 0,81 50 81 0,50-0,81 OR=0,52 OR052 52 (OR=0,52 0,450,60. 045060 0,45 0,60 . 45 60 0,45-0,60) associaramse associaram associaram-se OR=1,03 OR103 03 (OR=1,03 1,011,05, 101105 1,01 1,05 01 1,01-1,05) OR=2,39 OR239 39 (OR=2,39 1,483,86, 148386 1,48 3,86 48 86 1,48-3,86) OR=1,81 OR181 (OR=1,81 1,272,58 127258 1,27 2,58 27 58 1,27-2,58 OR=0,70 OR070 70 (OR=0,70 0,510,96. 051096 0,51 0,96 51 96 0,51-0,96) Percebeuse Percebeu saúdedoença saúde doença integrais 9 IC9 (IC95 383 83 3.8 5 57, OR=2,3 OR23 (OR=2,3 052 2,052,77 20527 205 2,0 277 2,7 7 2,05-2,77 OR=1,7 OR17 (OR=1,7 382 1,382,3 13823 138 1,3 232 2,3 1,38-2,3 462 1,462,06 14620 146 1,4 206 4 1,46-2,06 OR=1,5 OR15 (OR=1,5 311 1,311,80 13118 131 180 1,8 8 1,31-1,80 OR=0,9 OR09 (OR=0,9 970 0,970,99 09709 097 0,9 099 0,97-0,99 OR=0,6 OR06 6 (OR=0,6 420 0,420,9 04209 042 0,4 0,42-0,9 OR=0,4 OR04 (OR=0,4 290 0,290,73 02907 029 0,2 073 0,7 0,29-0,73 500 0,500,8 05008 050 0,5 081 0,8 0,50-0,8 OR=0,5 OR05 (OR=0,5 450 0,450,60 04506 045 060 0,6 0,45-0,60 OR=1,0 OR10 (OR=1,0 011 1,011,05 10110 101 1,0 105 1,01-1,05 483 1,483,86 14838 148 386 3,8 1,48-3,86 OR=1,8 OR18 (OR=1,8 272 1,272,5 12725 127 1,2 258 2,5 1,27-2,5 OR=0,7 OR07 (OR=0,7 510 0,510,96 05109 051 096 0,51-0,96 (IC9 3. OR=2, OR2 (OR=2, 2,052,7 2052 20 2, 2,05-2,7 OR=1, OR1 (OR=1, 1,382, 1382 13 1, 23 1,38-2, 1,462,0 1462 14 1,46-2,0 1,311,8 1311 18 1,31-1,8 OR=0, OR0 (OR=0, 0,970,9 0970 09 0, 0,97-0,9 0,420, 0420 04 0,42-0, 0,290,7 0290 02 07 0,29-0,7 0,500, 0500 08 0,50-0, 0,450,6 0450 0,45-0,6 1,011,0 1011 10 1,01-1,0 1,483,8 1483 3, 1,48-3,8 1,272, 1272 12 25 1,27-2, 0,510,9 0510 0,51-0,9 (IC OR=2 (OR=2 2,052, 2,05-2, OR=1 (OR=1 1,382 1,38-2 1,462, 1,46-2, 1,311, 1,31-1, OR=0 (OR=0 0,970, 0,97-0, 0,420 0,42-0 0,290, 0,29-0, 0,500 0,50-0 0,450, 0,45-0, 1,011, 1,01-1, 1,483, 1,48-3, 1,272 1,27-2 0,510, 0,51-0, OR= (OR= 2,052 2,05-2 1,38- 1,462 1,46-2 1,311 1,31-1 0,970 0,97-0 0,42- 0,290 0,29-0 0,50- 0,450 0,45-0 1,011 1,01-1 1,483 1,48-3 1,27- 0,510 0,51-0 2,05- 1,46- 1,31- 0,97- 0,29- 0,45- 1,01- 1,48- 0,51-

Abstract This retrospective cohort study identified factors associated with loss of follow-up and death due to tuberculosis (TB) in the homeless population (HP) in Brazil, estimating odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) by multinomial logistic regression. A total of 3,831 TB cases in this population were analyzed, of which 57.0% had unfavorable outcomes. Loss of follow-up was associated with: history of abandonment (OR=2.38; 95%CI 2.05-2.77), unknown HIV serology (OR=1.79; 95%CI 1.38-2.32), HIV coinfection (OR=1.73; 95%CI 1.46-2.06), drug use (OR=1.54; 95%CI 1.31-1.80), age (OR=0.98; 95%CI 0.97-0.99), mixed clinical form (OR=0.64; 95%CI 0.42-0.97), extrapulmonary form (OR=0.46; 95%CI 0.29-0.73), government beneficiary (OR=0.64; 95%CI 0.50-0.81), and supervised treatment (OR=0.52; 95%CI 0.45-0.60). Regarding death, the following were associated: age (OR=1.03; 95%CI 1.01-1.05), unknown HIV serology (OR=2.39; 95%CI 1.48-3.86), alcohol consumption (OR=1.81; 95%CI 1.27-2.58), and supervised treatment (OR=0.70; 95%CI 0.51-0.96). Overlapping vulnerabilities in the health-disease process of homeless individuals with TB were observed, requiring comprehensive and cross-sectoral care practices. followup follow up (TB HP (HP Brazil OR (OR 95 95CI CI (95%CI regression 3831 3 831 3,83 analyzed 570 57 0 57.0 outcomes OR=2.38 OR238 2 38 (OR=2.38 2.052.77, 205277 2.05 2.77 , 05 77 2.05-2.77) OR=1.79 OR179 1 79 (OR=1.79 1.382.32, 138232 1.38 2.32 32 1.38-2.32) OR=1.73 OR173 73 (OR=1.73 1.462.06, 146206 1.46 2.06 46 06 1.46-2.06) OR=1.54 OR154 54 (OR=1.54 1.311.80, 131180 1.31 1.80 31 80 1.31-1.80) OR=0.98 OR098 98 (OR=0.98 0.970.99, 097099 0.97 0.99 97 99 0.97-0.99) OR=0.64 OR064 64 (OR=0.64 0.420.97, 042097 0.42 42 0.42-0.97) OR=0.46 OR046 (OR=0.46 0.290.73, 029073 0.29 0.73 29 0.29-0.73) 0.500.81, 050081 0.50 0.81 50 81 0.50-0.81) OR=0.52 OR052 52 (OR=0.52 0.450.60. 045060 0.45 0.60 . 45 60 0.45-0.60) OR=1.03 OR103 03 (OR=1.03 1.011.05, 101105 1.01 1.05 01 1.01-1.05) OR=2.39 OR239 39 (OR=2.39 1.483.86, 148386 1.48 3.86 48 86 1.48-3.86) OR=1.81 OR181 (OR=1.81 1.272.58, 127258 1.27 2.58 27 58 1.27-2.58) OR=0.70 OR070 70 (OR=0.70 0.510.96. 051096 0.51 0.96 51 96 0.51-0.96) healthdisease health disease observed crosssectoral cross sectoral practices 9 383 83 3,8 5 57. OR=2.3 OR23 (OR=2.3 052 2.052.77 20527 205 2.0 277 2.7 7 2.05-2.77 OR=1.7 OR17 (OR=1.7 382 1.382.32 13823 138 1.3 232 2.3 1.38-2.32 462 1.462.06 14620 146 1.4 206 4 1.46-2.06 OR=1.5 OR15 (OR=1.5 311 1.311.80 13118 131 180 1.8 8 1.31-1.80 OR=0.9 OR09 (OR=0.9 970 0.970.99 09709 097 0.9 099 0.97-0.99 OR=0.6 OR06 6 (OR=0.6 420 0.420.97 04209 042 0.4 0.42-0.97 OR=0.4 OR04 (OR=0.4 290 0.290.73 02907 029 0.2 073 0.7 0.29-0.73 500 0.500.81 05008 050 0.5 081 0.8 0.50-0.81 OR=0.5 OR05 (OR=0.5 450 0.450.60 04506 045 060 0.6 0.45-0.60 OR=1.0 OR10 (OR=1.0 011 1.011.05 10110 101 1.0 105 1.01-1.05 483 1.483.86 14838 148 386 3.8 1.48-3.86 OR=1.8 OR18 (OR=1.8 272 1.272.58 12725 127 1.2 258 2.5 1.27-2.58 OR=0.7 OR07 (OR=0.7 510 0.510.96 05109 051 096 0.51-0.96 3, OR=2. OR2 (OR=2. 2.052.7 2052 20 2. 2.05-2.7 OR=1. OR1 (OR=1. 1.382.3 1382 13 1. 23 1.38-2.3 1.462.0 1462 14 1.46-2.0 1.311.8 1311 18 1.31-1.8 OR=0. OR0 (OR=0. 0.970.9 0970 09 0. 0.97-0.9 0.420.9 0420 04 0.42-0.9 0.290.7 0290 02 07 0.29-0.7 0.500.8 0500 08 0.50-0.8 0.450.6 0450 0.45-0.6 1.011.0 1011 10 1.01-1.0 1.483.8 1483 3. 1.48-3.8 1.272.5 1272 12 25 1.27-2.5 0.510.9 0510 0.51-0.9 OR=2 (OR=2 2.052. 2.05-2. OR=1 (OR=1 1.382. 1.38-2. 1.462. 1.46-2. 1.311. 1.31-1. OR=0 (OR=0 0.970. 0.97-0. 0.420. 0.42-0. 0.290. 0.29-0. 0.500. 0.50-0. 0.450. 0.45-0. 1.011. 1.01-1. 1.483. 1.48-3. 1.272. 1.27-2. 0.510. 0.51-0. OR= (OR= 2.052 2.05-2 1.382 1.38-2 1.462 1.46-2 1.311 1.31-1 0.970 0.97-0 0.420 0.42-0 0.290 0.29-0 0.500 0.50-0 0.450 0.45-0 1.011 1.01-1 1.483 1.48-3 1.272 1.27-2 0.510 0.51-0 2.05- 1.38- 1.46- 1.31- 0.97- 0.42- 0.29- 0.50- 0.45- 1.01- 1.48- 1.27- 0.51-

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tuberculosis is mainly a pulmonary disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can affect any individual. Objective: To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis reported in a healthcare institution in the district of Barranquilla, Colombia. Methods: A descriptive study that retrospectively reviewed the surveillance system database of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis in a healthcare institution in the district of Barranquilla between 2017 and 2019. Results: A total of 147 patients were reported. Of them, 68% were male and 32% were female. The majority of patients were in the age range of 20 to 44 years (45.6%). Unskilled workers accounted for 83.7% of the sample, and 67.3% were affiliated with the subsidized health insurance scheme. Pulmonary tuberculosis was found in 72.8% of the patients and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in 27.2%. Concomitant HIV infection was reported in 21.1% of the patients. The most common comorbidities were diabetes (7.5%) and malnutrition (6.8%). All patients had drug-susceptible tuberculosis. Conclusion: The results of this study showed sociodemographic and clinical patterns similar to those reported in Colombia; thus, they are valuable tools to strengthen surveillance and control strategies for this public health concern.

RESUMEN Introducción: La tuberculosis es una enfermedad principalmente pulmonar, causada por la bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, que puede afectar a cualquier persona. Objetivo: Describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis notificados en una institución de salud del distrito de Barranquilla, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo en el que se revisó de forma retrospectiva la base de datos del sistema de vigilancia de pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis en una institución de salud del distrito de Barranquilla durante los años 2017 y 2019. Resultados: Se notificaron 147 pacientes, de los cuales, el 68 % eran hombres y el 32 % mujeres. La edad de la mayoría de los pacientes osciló entre los 20 y 44 años (45,6 %). El 83,7 % eran trabajadores no calificados y el 67,3 % estaban afiliados al régimen subsidiado en salud. El 72,8 % de los pacientes tenía tuberculosis pulmonar y el 27,2 % extrapulmonar. La infección concomitante con VIH se registró en el 21,1 % de los pacientes y entre las comorbilidades más frecuentes se registraron la diabetes (7,5 %) y la desnutrición (6,8 %). Todos los pacientes presentaron tuberculosis sensible al tratamiento. Conclusión: Los resultados descritos en el presente estudio tuvieron un comportamiento sociodemográfico y clínico similar a los registrados en Colombia, los cuales sirven como herramienta para fortalecer las estrategias de vigilancia y control de este evento de interés en salud pública.

Background: Histopathological analysis of tissue samples is an ancillary complementary diagnostic tool in tuberculosis (TB) with variable sensitivity and specificity according to different clinical settings. We evaluated the spectrum of histological findings, their diagnostic sensitivity, diagnostic utility, and requests over time in a sample of archival biopsies. Methods: Analysis of biopsies of confirmed TB cases between years 2011-2019 at a reference hospital in Chile. Results: The series included patients with a histological study for TB confirmed by culture (88.9%) or PCR (11.1%). In total, 34 samples were available for analysis, most of them of extrapulmonary origin (82.4%). Biopsies were taken before the start of treatment in 26 cases (76.5%) or after the start-end of treatment for different reasons in 8 cases (23.5%). Restricting the analysis to the group with pretreatment biopsies, the prevalence/diagnostic sensitivity of granulomas was 93.3%, 69.2% for caseous necrosis, 26.9% for granulomas with caseous necrosis without acid-fast bacilli (AFB), and 46.2% for AFB in any histological context. A histological score was constructed to evaluate the homogeneity of lesions, observing that 76.9% had at least four of the six components of the score. The request for biopsies was maintained over time despite the increase in the use of molecular techniques. The presence of AFB contributed to the diagnosis before microbiological results in 23.1% of the cases. Conclusions: Histological study continues to contribute to the diagnosis of TB, especially in extrapulmonary forms.

RESUMEN El análisis histopatológico de muestras de tejidos es una metodología antigua y auxiliar para el diagnóstico de tuberculosis (TB) con sensibilidad y especificidad variable de acuerdo al escenario clínico. Evaluamos el espectro de los hallazgos histológicos, su sensibilidad diagnóstica, su utilidad diagnóstica y cambios de solicitud en el tiempo. Métodos: Análisis de biopsias de casos de TB confirmados entre los años 2011-2019 en un hospital de referencia en Chile. Resultados: La serie incluye pacientes con estudio histológico por TB confirmados por cultivo (88,9%) o PCR (11,1%). En total se contó con 34 muestras para análisis, en su mayoría de origen extrapulmonar (82,4%). Las biopsias fueron tomadas antes del inicio del tratamiento en 26 casos (76,5%) o luego del inicio o al finalizar el tratamiento por diferentes razones en 8 casos (23,5%). Restringiendo el análisis al grupo con biopsias pretratamiento, la prevalencia/sensibilidad diagnóstica de granulomas fue de 93,3%, de necrosis caseosa 69,2%, de granulomas con necrosis caseosa sin bacilos ácido-alcohol resistentes (BAAR) de 26,9% y de BAAR en cualquier contexto histológico de 46,2%. Se construyó un score histológico para ver homogeneidad de lesiones, observando que el 76,9% tenía al menos 4 de los 6 componentes del score. La solicitud de biopsias se mantuvo en el tiempo a pesar del incremento de técnicas moleculares. La presencia de BAAR contribuyó al diagnóstico antes que los resultados microbiológicos en el 23,1% de los casos. Conclusiones: El estudio histológico sigue contribuyendo al diagnóstico, especialmente en las formas extrapulmonares de TB.

ABSTRACT Introduction: We present de case of a 29 year old male patient with bilateral psoas abscess secondary to vertebral tuberculosis. Psoas abscess is not usually frequent in patient with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and specially Pott’s disease, but when it appears it is usually under diagnosed due to non-specificic clinical manifestations. Objectives: Clinical-surgical approach to psoas abscess secondary to vertebral tuberculosis, or Pott’s disease. Materials and methods: Bibliographic search carried out in pubmed. Case report: clinical and photographic record, evolution and presentations of laboratory results, diagnostic auxiliary methods and treatment. Results: Symptoms presented by a 29 years old patient: abdominal pain, lower limb pain, low back pai, bloody expectoration, difficulty walking and previous respiratory and constitutional symptoms sucha as weight loss, anorexia, asthenia. Based on the clinicalhistory, physical examination and findins in specific tests, the diagnosis of psoas abscess secondary to vertebral tuberculosis could be achieved. The pharmacological treatment followed was the one proposed by WHO for tuberculosis, plus the drainage and culture of the abscess, with a multipurpose catheter. The patient had a favorable evolution and after the neurosurgical intervetntion he was discharged. Conclusion: The patient evolved favorably, and the measures applied in the development of his disease were appropriate.

RESUMEN Introducción: Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 29 años con absceso del psoas bilateral secundario a tuberculosis vertebral. El absceso del psoas no suele ser frecuente en pacientes con tuberculosis extrapulmonar y principalmente con la enfermedad de Pott, pero cuando aparece suele ser subdiagnosticado debido a la inespecificidad de sus manifestaciones clínicas. Objetivos: Abordaje clínico-quirúrgico del absceso del psoas secundario a la tuberculosis vertebral, o Mal de Pott. Materiales y métodos: Búsqueda bibliográfica efectuada en pubmed. Relato de caso clínico: registro clínico y fotográfico, evolución, presentación de: resultados laboratoriales y de métodos auxiliares y tratamiento. Resultados: Síntomas presentados por un paciente de 29 años: dolor abdominal, dolor en miembro inferior, lumbalgia, expectoración sanguinolenta, dificultad en la deambulación, y cuadro respiratorio previo y síntomas constitucionales como pérdida de peso, anorexia, astenia. Con base en la anamnesis, examen físico y hallazgos en exámenes específicos, se pudo lograr el diagnóstico de absceso del psoas secundario a la tuberculosis vertebral. El tratamiento farmacológico seguido fue el propuesto por la OMS para la Tuberculosis más punción del absceso para drenaje y cultivo del mismo, con catéter multipropósito. El paciente tuvo una evolución favorable y posterior a la intervención neuroquirúrgica fue dado de alta. Conclusión: El paciente evolucionó de forma favorable, y las medidas aplicadas en el desarrollo de su enfermedad, fueron oportunas.

Resumen En 2020 se enfermaron de tuberculosis 9.9 millones de personas, estimándose 1.5 millones de muertes. El 9% de los casos de tuberculosis extrapulmonar cursan con afección genital, y presentan Ca-125 elevado, masa pelviana y ascitis, lo que sugiere neoplasias y enmascara infecciones granulomatosas. Se describe el caso de una paciente con absceso tubo-ovárico tuberculoso.

Abstract In 2020, 9.9 million people became ill with tuberculosis, with an estimated 1.5 million deaths. 9% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis courses with genital involvement, presenting elevated Ca-125, pelvic mass and ascites suggesting neoplasms, masking granulomatous infections. The case of a patient with a tuberculosis tubo-ovarian abscess is described.

RESUMEN El compromiso ocular es una forma extrapulmonar de tuberculosis. Puede comprometer cualquier componente del sistema visual. Las manifestaciones oculares pueden ser causadas por una infección activa que invade el ojo o por una reacción inmunológica de hipersensibilidad retardada. Las presentaciones clínicas más comunes son uveítis anterior crónica, coroiditis y esclero-queratitis. A pesar de la existencia de herramientas moleculares altamente sensibles, arribar al diagnóstico de formas poco frecuentes o no pensadas como la TB ocular en un niño sigue siendo un gran reto y se basa en la presentación clínica, evaluación sistémica y la respuesta terapéutica. El tratamiento implica el uso de antifímicos y, muchas veces, esteroides. El objetivo fue presentar una forma de tuberculosis endoftálmica, pulmonar miliar y meníngea, en el marco de la drogorresistencia.

SUMMARY Eye engagement is an extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis. It can compromise any component of the visual system. Eye manifestations can be caused by an active infection that invades the eye or by a delayed hypersensitivity immune reaction. The most com mon clinical presentations are: chronic anterior uveitis, choroiditis and sclero-keratitis. Despite the existence of highly sensitive molecular tools, arriving at diagnosis in rare or undeceived ways with eye tuberculosis in a child remains a major challenge, based on clinical presentation, systemic evaluation and therapeutic response. Treatment involves the use of antiphymics and often steroids. The objective was to present a form of endophthalmic tuberculosis, miliary pulmonary and meningeal, in the framework of drug resistance.

RESUMEN El compromiso ocular es una forma extrapulmonar de tuberculosis (TB). Puede compro meter cualquier componente del sistema visual. Las manifestaciones oculares pueden ser causadas por una infección activa que invade el ojo o por una reacción inmunológica de hipersensibilidad retardada. Las presentaciones clínicas más comunes son: uveítis anterior crónica, coroiditis y esclero-queratitis. A pesar de la existencia de herramientas moleculares altamente sensibles, arribar al diagnóstico de formas poco frecuentes o no pensadas como la TB ocular (TBO) en un niño sigue siendo un gran reto, se basa en la presentación clínica, evaluación sistémica y la respuesta terapéutica. El tratamiento implica el uso de antifímicos y muchas veces esteroides. El objetivo fue presentar una forma de tuberculosis endoftálmica, pulmonar miliar y meníngea, en el marco de drogo resistencia.

ABSTRACT Ocular involvement is an extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis (TB). It can affect any element of the visual system. Ocular manifestations may be caused by an active infection that invades the eye or by an immunological reaction of retarded hypersensi tivity. The most common clinical presentations are: chronic anterior uveitis, choroiditis, and sclero-keratitis. Despite the existence of highly-sensitive molecular tools, making a diagnosis of uncommon or unknown forms of the disease, such as ocular TB (OTB) in children is still a major challenge, based on clinical presentation, systemic evalua tion, and therapeutic response. The treatment includes the use of antiphymics and, on many occasions, steroids. The objective was to present a form of endophthalmic, pulmonary, miliary, and meningeal tuberculosis, within the framework of drug-resistance.

Resumen La tuberculosis extrapulmonar es aquella tuberculosis diagnosticada clínicamente y confirmada por estudios bacteriológicos que afecta a tejidos y órganos fuera del parénquima pulmonar. México es el tercer lugar en América Latina en incidencia de tuberculosis pulmonar y extrapulmonar. Los métodos de cultivo siguen siendo el método de referencia para el diagnóstico de tuberculosis extrapulmonar, ya que identifican la especie y la sensibilidad a los fármacos.

Abstract Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is defined as that case of tuberculosis clinically diagnosed and confirmed by bacteriological studies that affects tissues and organs outside the lung parenchyma. Mexico is in third place among Latin American countries in terms of the incidence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Culture methods are still the gold standard for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis since they identify the species and susceptibility to drugs.