Resumo Vários inventários da herpetofauna têm sido conduzidos na região Neotropical. No entanto, muitas áreas permanecem por investigar, e isto é particularmente verdade nas zonas de transição entre ecorregiões. Aqui descrevemos a riqueza, composição de espécies e abundância da herpetofauna de uma porção pouco conhecida do Cerrado brasileiro e avaliamos as semelhanças taxonômicas das assembleias entre os habitats amostrados e entre ecorregiões vizinhas. Um inventário herpetológico de médio prazo foi realizado entre maio de 2009 e janeiro de 2011 na Estação Ecológica Serra das Araras (SAES), por meio de armadilhas de interceptação e queda em cinco hábitats florestados e abertos. Nestes e em habitats adicionais, também foram utilizadas buscas visuais e acústicas e encontros ocasionais para acessar a composição da herpetofauna, juntamente com dados de literatura e exame de exemplares depositados em coleções. Também comparamos a composição de espécies do SAES em escala regional com aquelas de outras 29 localidades previamente estudadas em nove ecorregiões sul-americanas. Documentamos 123 espécies no SAES (39 anfíbios e 84 répteis), das quais 112 foram registradas durante os inventários de campo. A riqueza de espécies foi maior na mata ciliar e menor na floresta seca semidecídua e cerradão. Matas ciliares também apresentaram maior número de espécies exclusivas, enquanto apenas uma espécie exclusiva foi encontrada no cerradão. Cerrado sensu stricto e parque cerrado apresentaram 53 e 40 espécies, incluindo sete e dez espécies exclusivas, respectivamente, e mostraram maior similaridade entre si do que com os habitats florestados amostrados. Em comparação com outras localidades já inventariadas no Cerrado, a SAES abriga uma das mais diversas assembléias da herpetofauna. Isto pode ser atribuído a esforços de amostragem continuados e à acentuada heterogeneidade ambiental resultante do perfil topográfico e da confluência de diversas ecorregiões. A composição de espécies de anfíbios no SAES é mais semelhante a uma localidade próxima também estudada no Cerrado e a assembleias da Floresta Seca de Chiquitano, enquanto a composição de espécies de répteis está aninhada entre as assembleias estudadas no Cerrado. Nossos resultados indicam que a herpetofauna do SAES é rica e representativa da biodiversidade regional, com composição de espécies que evidencia seu caráter transitório.

Abstract Several herpetofaunal inventories have been conducted in the Neotropical region. However, many areas remain to be investigated, and this is particularly true of transition zones between distinct ecoregions. Herein we describe the richness, species composition, and abundance of herpetofauna from a scarcely known portion of the Brazilian Cerrado and assess the taxonomic similarities of the assemblages among the sampled habitats and between neighbouring ecoregions. A mid-term herpetological inventory was conducted from May 2009 to January 2011 at Serra das Araras Ecological Station (SAES) using pitfall traps with drift fences in five distinct forested and open habitats. In these and in additional habitats, visual and acoustic searches and occasional encounters were also used to access the local composition of the herpetofauna, together with literature data and examination of specimens deposited in collections. We also compared the species composition at SAES on a regional scale with those of other 29 localities previously studied in nine South American ecoregions. We documented 123 species at the SAES (39 amphibians and 84 reptiles), 112 of which were recorded during the field inventory. Richness was highest in riparian forests and lowest in semi-deciduous dry forest and cerrado woodland. Riparian forests also presented the highest number of exclusive species, while only one exclusive species was found in cerrado woodland. Cerrado sensu stricto and cerrado parkland contained 53 and 40 species, including seven and 10 exclusive species, respectively, and showed greater similarity than the sampled forested habitats. In comparison to other localities in the Cerrado (including transition zones), SAES is home to one of the most diverse assemblages of herpetofauna. This may be attributed to continued sampling efforts and to the marked environmental heterogeneity resulting from the topographic profile and confluence of several ecoregions. Amphibian species composition at SAES is more similar to a nearby locality also studied in the Cerrado and to Chiquitano Dry Forest assemblages, while the reptile species composition is nested among the assemblages studied in the Cerrado. Our findings indicate that the herpetofauna of SAES is rich and representative of the regional biodiversity, with species composition evidencing its transitional character.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e monitorar as flutuações populacionais de insetos vetores do Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) em pomares experimentais nas Regiões Norte e Noroeste do Estado do Paraná. Os experimentos foram conduzidos nas cidades de Londrina e Paranavaí nas Estações de Pesquisa Experimental do Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná-IAPAR-EMATER (IDR-Paraná), Brasil. O período de estudo foi de setembro de 2019 a março de 2021. Nos experimentos realizados em Londrina e em Paranavaí, plantas de maracujá amarelo foram cultivadas em sistema de latada. Foram utilizadas armadilhas Moericke para captura dos insetos e as coletas foram realizadas semanalmente. Os pulgões foram identificados por meio de uma chave de identificação taxonômica. Os números de pulgões presentes em cada região foram comparados e as populações correlacionadas com o clima e a precipitação local. Foram observados 1.522 e 1.340 pulgões alados nos experimentos de Londrina e Paranavaí, respectivamente. Em Londrina, foram observadas correlações positivas moderadas entre o número de insetos e as temperaturas máxima e média, enquanto correlações negativas foram observadas entre o número de insetos e a temperatura mínima e precipitação. Em contrapartida, em Paranavaí, a correlação entre pulgões e fatores abióticos foi negativa, onde a temperatura máxima estava fortemente correlacionada. Em ambas as regiões foram detectadas as seguintes sete espécies de pulgões vetores do CABMV: Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Toxoptera citricida, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Brevicoryne brassicae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae e Uroleucon ambrosiae. As flutuações populacionais dessas espécies foram influenciadas pelas variações de temperatura e precipitação. RESUMO aphidborne aphid borne CABMV (CABMV Paraná ParanáIAPAREMATER IAPAR EMATER IDRParaná, IDRParaná IDR , (IDR-Paraná) Brasil 201 2021 latada semanalmente taxonômica local 1522 1 522 1.52 1340 340 1.34 respectivamente média contrapartida negativa correlacionada fabae gossypii citricida pisum brassicae ambrosiae (IDR-Paraná 20 202 152 52 1.5 134 34 1.3 2 15 5 1. 13 3

ABSTRACT: This study identified and monitored the population fluctuations of insect vectors of Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in experimental orchards in the North and Northwest Regions of the State of Paraná. The experiments were conducted in the cities of Londrina and Paranavaí at the Experimental Research Stations of the Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná-IAPAR-EMATER (IDR-Paraná), Brazil. The study period was from September 2019 to March 2021. In the experiments conducted in Londrina and in Paranavaí, yellow passion fruit plants were grown in trellis systems. Moericke traps were used to capture insects, and collections were performed weekly. Aphids were identified using a taxonomic identification key. The numbers of aphids present in each region were compared, and the populations were correlated with the climate and local precipitation. A total of 1522 and 1340 winged aphids were observed in the experiments in Londrina and Paranavaí, respectively. In Londrina, moderate positive correlations were observed between the number of insects and the maximum and average temperatures, while negative correlations were observed between the number of insects and the minimum temperature and precipitation. In contrast, in Paranavaí, the correlation between aphids and abiotic factors was negative, where maximum temperature was strongly correlated. In both regions, the following seven species of aphid vectors of CABMV were detected: Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Toxoptera citricida, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Brevicoryne brassicae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Uroleucon ambrosiae. The population fluctuations of these species were influenced by variations in temperature and precipitation. ABSTRACT aphidborne borne (CABMV Paraná ParanáIAPAREMATER IAPAR EMATER IDRParaná, IDRParaná IDR , (IDR-Paraná) Brazil 201 2021 systems weekly key compared precipitation 152 134 respectively temperatures contrast regions detected fabae gossypii citricida pisum brassicae ambrosiae (IDR-Paraná 20 202 15 13 2 1

The sleeping sickness focus of Bonon was the last one still active at a low endemic level in Côte d'Ivoire. An entomological survey carried out in June 2015 during the rainy season using "Vavoua" traps guided subsequent control activities. Indeed, it improved knowledge of tsetse fly ecology. All the tsetse flies caught (i.e. 1909) belonged to the subspecies Glossina palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), the major vector of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) in Côte d'Ivoire. In this paper, we looked at the relationship between the apparent density (AD, flies/trap/day) and biotopes. The AD significantly varied according to biotopes, with high density around villages. The trypanosomes overall infection rate (mature and immature) according to microscopic observation was 23.2%. When considering mature infections, the infection rate was 5.5 %. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses confirmed the presence of Trypanosoma brucei s.l. and Trypanosoma congolense "forest type". Blood meals analysis using cytochrome b gene sequences revealed that tsetse flies fed on pigs. The edges of the villages seem to constitute preferred habitats for tsetse flies where they are protected from insecticide pressure in the fields, and where they can easily take bloodmeals from free-ranging pigs. The findings of this study provided a baseline in decision-making for subsequent vector control activities.

ABSTRACT Theobroma cacao (cocoa) in the Dominican Republic is one of the main export items, registering a sustained growth in the last five years. There are more than 36,000 producers in the country, indirectly benefiting more than 300 thousand people. The country has great potential for cocoa production, but due to the lack of fertilization of the plantations combined with the lack of information on the contribution of nutrients from the mineralization of biomass in the production systems, low yields are presented. The study was carried out in the Duarte province in the period from July 2016 to June 2017, with the objective of quantifying the biomass production in four agroforestry systems: cocoa in monoculture (C), cocoa plus Erythrina spp (C+ Am), cocoa plus Persea americana (C+Ag ), and cocoa plus citrus (C+Ci). A multifactorial experimental design 4x15x12 was used: with four agroforestry systems, in fifteen locations and twelve sampling dates, where each farm was considered as a replicate. Four pipe and sack mesh traps were installed per farm, with an area of 1 m2. The average biomass by location and date was analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan test (P = 0.05 %). The highest average biomass production was obtained in C + Am with 49.3 T ha-1 year-1 (41.08% of the total). It was followed by system C with 27.02 T ha-1 year-1, C + Ag with 22.2 T ha-1 year-1 and C + Ci with 17.2 T ha-1 year-1. The annual net production was 120 T ha-1 year-1, of which 115.2 T ha-1 year-1 was attributable to the species under study, and 4.2 T ha-1 year-1 to other species. The values demonstrate a high biomass production in agroforestry systems associated with cocoa.

RESUMO O cacau (Theobroma cacao L.) na República Dominicana é um dos principais itens de exportação, registrando crescimento sustentado nos últimos cinco anos. São mais de 36 mil produtores no país, beneficiando indiretamente mais de 300 mil pessoas. O país tem grande potencial para a produção de cacau, mas devido à falta de fertilização das plantações aliada à falta de informações sobre a contribuição dos nutrientes provenientes da mineralização da biomassa nos sistemas de produção, ocorrem baixos rendimentos. O estudo foi desenvolvido na província Duarte no período de julho de 2016 a junho de 2017, com o objetivo de quantificar a produção de biomassa em quatro sistemas agroflorestais: cacau em monocultura (C), cacau mais papoula (Erythrina spp. Walp.) (C+ Am ), cacau mais abacate (Persea Americana Mill.) (C+Ag) e cacau mais cítricos (C+Ci). Foi utilizado um delineamento experimental em arranjo multifatorial 4x15x12: com quatro sistemas agroflorestais, em quinze localidades e doze datas de amostragem, onde cada fazenda foi considerada uma repetição. Foram instaladas quatro armadilhas com tubo de PVC e tela de saco por fazenda, com área de 1 m2. A biomassa média por local e data foi analisada por análise de variância e teste de Duncan (p=0,05 %). A maior produção média de biomassa foi obtida em C+Am com 49,3 T/ha/ano (41,08 % do total). Seguiu-se o sistema C com 27,02 T/ha/ano, C+Ag com 22,2 T/ha/ano e C+Ci com 17,2 T/ha/ano. A produção líquida anual foi de 120 T/ha/ano, sendo 115,2 T/ha/ano atribuíveis às espécies em estudo e 4,2 T/ha/ano às demais espécies. Os valores demonstram uma elevada produção de biomassa nos sistemas agroflorestais associados ao cacau.

RESUMEN Theobroma cacao (cacao) en República Dominicana es uno de los principales rubros de exportación, registrando un crecimiento sostenido en los últimos cinco años. Son más de 36.000 productores en el país, beneficiando indirectamente a más de 300 mil personas. El país tiene un gran potencial para la producción de cacao, pero debido a la falta de fertilización de las plantaciones combinado con la falta de información sobre el aporte de nutrientes provenientes de la mineralización de biomasa en los sistemas de producción, se presentan bajos rendimientos. El estudio se desarrolló en la provincia Duarte en el período de julio 2016 a junio 2017, con el objetivo de cuantificar la producción de biomasa en cuatros sistemas agroforestales: cacao en monocultivo (C), cacao más Erythrina spp. (C+ Am), cacao más Persea americana (C+Ag), y cacaos más cítricos (C+Ci). Se usó un diseño experimental en arreglo multifactorial 4x15x12: con cuatro sistemas agroforestales, en quince localidades y doce fechas de muestreo, donde se consideró a cada finca como una repetición. Se instalaron cuatro trampas de tubo y maya de saco por finca, con un área de 1 m2. La biomasa promedio por ubicación y fecha se analizó mediante análisis de varianza y prueba de Duncan (P=0,05 %). La mayor producción promedio de biomasa se obtuvo en C+Am con 49,3 T ha-1año-1 (41,08 % del total). Le siguió el sistema C con 27,02 T ha-1año-1, C+Ag con 22,2 T ha-1año-1 y C+Ci con 17,2 T ha-1año-1. La producción neta anual fue de 120 T ha-1año-1, siendo 115,2 T ha-1año-1 atribuible a la especie en estudio, y 4,2 T ha-1año-1 a otras especies. Los valores demuestran una alta producción de biomasa en los sistemas agroforestales asociados al cacao.

Resumen Introducción: El uso de artrópodos en estudios ecológicos en el bosque seco tropical (Bs-T) de Colombia se centra mayormente en arañas, mariposas, hormigas y escarabajos coprófagos; por lo tanto, es necesario comprender como es la dinámica estacional de otros grupos como Geadephaga en este ecosistema. Objetivo: Evaluar la variación espacio-temporal y el efecto de las condiciones ambientales sobre la diversidad de las comunidades de Geadephaga en dos fragmentos de Bs-T en el Caribe colombiano. Métodos: El estudio se llevó a cabo en cuatro eventos de muestreo entre febrero y junio de 2018; cada uno con una duración de cuatro días y cuatro noches. En cada localidad (Reserva Campesina La Montaña = RCM y Reserva La Flecha = RLF), se marcaron cuatro estaciones distanciadas 350 m, con parcelas de 50×50 m. En el centro de cada parcela se instaló una trampa de luz, mientras que en los cuatro vértices se instalaron trampas de caída, y se realizó captura manual, cernido de hojarasca y perturbación de follaje. Resultados: Se capturó un total de 348 ejemplares de Carabidae y 114 de Cicindelidae. La riqueza y la abundancia presentaron los valores más bajos durante el período seco, mientras que los mayores valores se observaron durante el período de lluvias, en ambos fragmentos. Tetracha affinis (Dejean, 1825) fue la especie más abundante en la RCM durante el período lluvioso. Conclusiones: La variación de la riqueza y abundancia de Geadephaga responde a un patrón estacional en ambos fragmentos. Se encontró una amplia disimilitud entre las comunidades de Geadephaga de ambos fragmentos, pese a tener condiciones ambientales parecidas.

Abstract Introduction: The use of arthropods in ecological studies in the tropical dry forest (TDF) of Colombia focused mainly on spiders, butterflies, ants, and dung beetles; therefore, it is necessary to understand the seasonal dynamics of the other groups such as Geadephaga in this ecosystem. Objective: To evaluate the spatio-temporal variations and the effect of environmental conditions on the diversity of the Geadephaga communities in two TDF fragments in the Colombian Caribbean. Methods: This study was conducted during four sampling events between February and June 2018, each lasting four days, and four nights. Four sampling stations were selected in each locality (Reserva Campesina La Montaña = RCM and Reserva La Flecha = RLF), separated 350 m one from another, with square plots of 50 × 50 m. A light trap was installed in the center of each square, while pitfall traps were installed in the four vertices, and manual capture, beating sheets and leaf litter sieve were carried out. Results: A total of 348 Carabidae and 114 of Cicindelidae were captured. In both fragments, the richness and abundance presented the lowest values in dry season, while the highest values were observed during the rainy season. Tetracha affinis (Dejean, 1825) was the most abundant species in RCM during rainy season. Conclusions: The richness variation and abundance of Geadephaga corresponds to a seasonal pattern at both locations. A high dissimilarity between the communities of Geadephaga from the two fragments was found, despite having similar environmental conditions.

Resumen Introducción: La creación de espacios naturales protegidos en entornos urbanos desempeñan un papel esencial, proporcionando reservorios de vegetación autóctona y refugios de fauna endémica. Sin embargo, es escaso el conocimiento sobre cómo la gestión del suelo y el diseño del paisaje influye en las diferentes estructuras comunitarias de parques urbanos. Objetivo: Analizar a través de comunidades de hormigas la influencia de la urbanización en un área natural protegida en zona urbana. Métodos: De abril a julio de 2022, en transectos de 100 m se colocaron trampas de cebo y Pitfall, se registró la presencia de especies de hormigas del Parque Estatal “El Refugio” (PER), Tamaulipas, México. La diversidad Alfa se evaluó mediante números de Hill y la diversidad Beta con el índice de Jaccard. Se identificaron especies indicadoras con el Valor Indicador (IndVal). Se realizó un análisis de correspondencia múltiple asociando la presencia de especies con variables ambientales y tipos de vegetación. Se realizó una tabla de contingencia para relacionar la presencia de hormigas con el tamaño de cobertura vegetal. Resultados: En total, se capturaron 18 565 individuos (cinco subfamilias, 22 géneros y 29 especies). La riqueza y diversidad de especies disminuyó en sitios con baja cobertura vegetal, como en matorral espinoso tamaulipeco; la vegetación secundaria conservó mayor riqueza de especies. Áreas de vegetación secundaria y pastizal registraron especies indicadoras, principalmente especies generalistas y tolerantes a las altas temperaturas como Forelius mccooki y Tetramorium spinosum. La presencia de especies está asociada con la temperatura, humedad y cobertura vegetal. Se evidenció una relación entre presencia de especies de hormigas y tamaño de cobertura vegetal. Conclusiones: La estructura y composición de las comunidades de hormigas varía de acuerdo con la estructura vegetal, principalmente en áreas que han sufrido mayor daño antropogénico. La conservación de los paisajes y el monitoreo de estas áreas, deben ser considerados en futuras investigaciones.

Abstract Introduction: The creation of protected natural areas within urban environments has played an essential role in providing small reservoirs of native vegetation and refuges for endemic species. However, knowledge of how land management and landscape design can influence the different community structures of urban parks is scarce. Objective: To analyze, through ant communities, the influence of urbanization in a protected natural area (PNA) located in an urban zone. Methods: From April to July 2022, using bait traps and pitfall traps along 100 m transects, the presence of ant species was recorded in the El Refugio State Park Natural Area in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Alpha diversity was assessed using Hill numbers, while beta diversity was evaluated using the Jaccard index. Additionally, indicator species were identified through the indicator value (IndVal). Multiple correspondence analysis was conducted to associate the presence of species with environmental variables and vegetation types, and contingency tables were created to relate ant presence to vegetation cover size. Results: In total 18 565 individuals were captured (five subfamilies, 22 genera, and 29 species). Species richness and diversity decreased in sites with low vegetation cover, such as in Tamaulipan thornscrub; secondary vegetation retained greater species richness. Indicator species found in secondary vegetation and grassland areas were mainly composed of species that tolerate high temperatures and generalists such as Forelius mccooki and Tetramorium spinosum. The presence of these species is primarily associated with temperature, humidity, and vegetation cover. A relationship between the presence of ant species and vegetation cover size was evident. Conclusion: The structure and composition of ant communities vary according to the type of vegetation structure, particularly in areas that have undergone greater anthropogenic damage. Therefore, the conservation of landscapes, as well as monitoring of these areas, should be considered in future research.

Resumen Introducción: La mosca de las indias occidentales, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), es una de las plagas más importantes económicamente en el cultivo de mango de México y el neotrópico. Objetivo: Analizamos los patrones de la población adulta de A. obliqua y su relación con factores locales y del paisaje. Métodos: Un total de 11 huertos de mango “Manila” fueron caracterizados en estructura biofísica y configuración del paisaje. Los adultos de A. obliqua fueron capturados con trampas (botellas de polietileno cebadas con una proteína) durante tres semanas en junio de 2022. Resultados: Se capturaron 1 869 adultos de A. obliqua, de los cuales 75 % fueron hembras y 25 % machos. La abundancia varió de 68 a 490 moscas adultas por huerto, mientras que la frecuencia de captura de 0.36 a 1.8 moscas/trampa/día. La abundancia incrementó en huertos altamente sombreados y decreció en huertos con suelos compactos. La abundancia y frecuencia incrementaron en huertos cercanos a árboles de Spondias spp. y decreció en huertos cercanos a plantaciones de caña de azúcar. El manejo de la sombra puede ser utilizado como una estrategia efectiva para promover las interacciones que regulan naturalmente la población de A. obliqua, mientras que la compactación del suelo representa una condición ecológica limitante que podría impactar severamente en la supervivencia de larvas de moscas de la fruta. Conclusión: La población adulta de A. obliqua depende de varios factores locales y del paisaje que indican disponibilidad de recursos y condiciones ecológicas. Estos hallazgos podrían considerarse en las estrategias del manejo integrado de esta plaga para promover la protección y el mejoramiento de la calidad de frutos en el cultivo de mango.

Abstract Introduction: The West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), is one of the most economically important pests of mangoes in Mexico and the Neotropics. Objective: To analyze adult population patterns of A. obliqua and their relation to local and landscape factors. Methods: We selected 11 “Manila” mango orchards along the middle part of La Antigua River, which were characterized to determine their biophysical structure and landscape configuration considering their distance to six different land uses/land covers. Anastrepha obliqua population was estimated by collecting adult flies in colorless polyethylene plastic bottle traps baited with a protein for three weeks in June 2022. Results: A total of 1 869 adults of A. obliqua were trapped, of which 75 % were females and 25 % were males. Abundance varied from 68 to 490 adult flies per orchard, while capture frequency from 0.36 to 1.8 flies/trap/day. Abundance increased in highly shaded orchards, and capture frequency decreased in orchards with highly soil compaction. Abundance and the frequency of capture increased in orchards near isolated trees of Spondias spp. and decreased in orchards near sugarcane plantations. Shade management in mango orchards may be used as an effective strategy to promote biotic interactions to naturally regulate A. obliqua populations, meanwhile, soil compaction represents a limiting ecological condition, which might severely impact fruit fly larvae survival. Conclusions: Adult population of A. obliqua depends on several local and landscape factors because they indicate resource availability and ecological conditions. These findings could be considered for control strategies in the integrated management of this pest to promote protection and improve the fruit quality of mango crop.

Resumen Introducción: El manglar es uno de los ecosistemas más importantes del planeta, debido al papel ecológico que desempeña en las costas, ya que es el hábitat, o bien el área de refugio y alimentación para diversas especies. Objetivo: Determinar la diversidad y fluctuación anual de la comunidad de cerambícidos, así como la distribución vertical de la riqueza de especies asociadas al borde e interior de un manglar en Tabasco, México. Métodos: El muestreo se realizó de agosto 2016 a julio 2017. La captura de insectos se realizó con trampas de intercepción cebadas con alcohol etílico al 70 % a 1.5, 6 y 12 m de altura, en el borde e interior del manglar. Resultados: Se recolectaron un total de 382 especímenes de tres subfamilias, pertenecientes a 36 especies de 25 géneros; Laminae fue la subfamilia más diversa con 24 especies, seguida de Cerambycinae con 11. En el borde del manglar se capturaron 31 especies y en el interior 21. El índice 1D, determinó que el borde fue 2.51 más diverso que el interior, con una similitud del 61 %, al compartir 16 especies. La fluctuación de las comunidades en el borde e interior presentó notables diferencias durante el año de muestreo. En el borde, la mayor riqueza de especie se registró a los 6 m de altura y en el interior a 1.5 m y 6 m. Conclusión: Los estudios relacionados con la distribución vertical de este grupo de insectos, aunado al incremento del tiempo de recolecta y utilizando técnicas complementarias, podrían dar mejores resultados para inventariar el mayor número de especies en los ecosistemas.

Abstract Introduction: The mangrove is one of the most important ecosystems on the planet, due to the ecological role it plays on coastlines, it provides development, protection, and feeding areas for various species. Objective: To determine the diversity and annual fluctuation of the cerambycid community, as well as the vertical distribution of species richness associated with the edge and interior of a mangrove in Tabasco, Mexico. Methods: The sampling was carried out from August 2016 to July 2017. The capture of insects was performed with interception traps baited with ethanol 70 % at 1.5, 6, and 12 m height, on the edge and interior of the mangrove. Results: A total of 382 specimens were collected, belonging to three subfamilies, 25 genera, and 36 species; Laminae was the subfamily most diverse with 24 species, followed by Cerambycinae with 11 species. At the edge of the mangrove 31 species were captured, and 21 in the interior. The 1D index determined that the edge was 2.51 more diverse than the interior, with a similarity of 61 %, sharing 16 species. The fluctuation of the communities on the edge and interior presented remarkable differences during the sampling year. On the edge, the greatest species richness was recorded at 6 m height and in the interior at 1.5 m and 6 m. Conclusions: Studies related to the vertical distribution of this group of insects, together with the increase in collection time and using complementary techniques, could give better results to inventory a larger number of species in the ecosystems.

Resumen El oso hormiguero (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) es una especie solitaria y característica de la fauna del Chaco seco categorizada como vulnerable por la UICN. En las últimas décadas, el chaco seco paraguayo, ha experimentado un incremento de actividades agropecuarias basadas principalmente en la transformación de bosques xerófitos en sistemas pastoriles. Ante la falta de conocimiento para reconocer cómo esta especie se adapta a estas condiciones, se realizó esta investigación con el fin de describir el comportamiento de M. tridactyla en dos establecimientos ganaderos del Departamento de Boquerón. Los datos de investigación fueron obtenidos del programa de “Monitoreo de fauna en ambientes productivos agropecuarios”, que utiliza la metodología de foto-trampeo. Se seleccionaron 20 estaciones de muestreo, con un esfuerzo total de 3661 días-trampa entre el año 2016 y 2019. Cada estación de muestreo estuvo compuesta de una cámara trampa distanciadas por al menos 1,5 km. Con las fotografías de la especie se elaboró un etograma comportamental que describió categorías comportamentales y comportamientos específicos. Se obtuvieron 372 fotografías, lo que permitió generar el primer etograma para la especie a nivel nacional. Este etograma fue dividido en cuatro categorías comportamentales: locomoción, forrajeo, relaciones intraespecíficas y alerta. Así también se observaron seis comportamientos específicos: caminar, correr, olfatear, hocico cerca del suelo, cría en lomo, y piloerección. Estudios que aborden el comportamiento de las especies son fundamentales para comprender su ecología y adaptación a los entornos agropecuarios y podrían ser una herramienta clave para contribuir a su conservación.

Abstract The anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is a solitary and characteristic species of the fauna of the dry Chaco categorized as vulnerable by the IUCN, given its “vulnerable” conservation status in Paraguay. In recent decades, the dry Paraguayan Chaco has experienced increased agricultural activities based mainly on transforming xerophytic forests into pastoral systems. in the Paraguayan Chaco. Given the lack of knowledge of how this species adapts to these conditions, we carried out this research with the general objective of this study to describe the behavior of M. tridactyla in two livestock establishments in the Department of Boquerón. The research data was obtained from the project program “Monitoring of fauna in productive agricultural environments,” which uses the photo-trapping methodology. Sampling sites were selected at 20 stations, with a total sampling effort of 3,661 trap days between 2016 and 2019. Each sampling station was composed of a camera trap, and at least a 1.5 km distance separated the samples between them. With the photographs of the species, a behavioral ethogram was created that described behavioral categories and specific behaviors. Three hundred seventy-two photographs were obtained, which made it possible to generate the first ethogram for the species at the national level. This ethogram was divided into four behavioral categories: locomotion, foraging, intraspecific relationships, and alertness. Six specific behaviors were also observed: walking, running, sniffing, snout close to the ground, rearing on the back, and piloerection. Studies that address species' behavior, such as those presented in this work, are fundamental to understanding their ecology and their adaptation to agricultural environments and could be a key tool for their conservation.

SUMMARY: The role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and monocyte extracellular traps (METs) is well established in fertilization disorders by adverse effects on sperm motility, acrosome integrity, membrane lipoperoxidation, and disturbing oocyte sperm binding. Moreover, NETs/METs remove efficiently excessive spermatozoa within the female reproductive tract (FRT) after natural coitus or artificial insemination (AI). Depending on their location in reproductive organs, NETs/METs may be beneficial to the host by their capability of either limiting the dissemination of infective pathogens, promoting wound healing, and exerting anti-inflammatory properties through the degradation of pro-inflammatory components. Conversely, excessive or imbalanced NETs/METs release within FRT or urogenital tract (UGT) might be associated with worse fertility due to deleterious effects on sperm functions, oocyte fertilization, endometrium microenvironment, and embryo implantation. In the UGT, patients with epididymitis or urogenital bacterial infections and with leukocytospermia spontaneous release of NETs/METs in seminal fluids. Moreover, in infertile male/female patients without infectious etiologies but with autoimmune (i. e. systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis)-, metabolic (diabetes mellitus, obesity)- and vascular (vasculitis, hypertension, and preeclampsia)- diseases uncontrolled NETs/METs might negatively influence their fertility. Thus, this review aims to provide novel insights into the beneficial as well as adverse effects of NETs/METs on male gametes, oocyte fertilization, and endometrium by highlighting broad implications on early diagnosis of extracellular traps (ETs) in seminal fluid samples of infertility patients with inflammatory etiologies. As well as, for early diagnosis of spontaneous formation of NETs/METs in infertile couples with one or both being affected with chronic inflammatory-, metabolic-, vascular- and/or autoimmune diseases to increase the chance of conception.

RESUMEN: El papel de las trampas extracelulares de neutrófilos (NETs) y las trampas extracelulares de monocitos (METs) está bien establecido en los trastornos de la fertilización por efectos adversos sobre la motilidad de los espermatozoides, la integridad del acrosoma, la lipoperoxidación de la membrana y la alteración de la unión de los espermatozoides al ovocito. Además, las NETs/METs eliminan de manera eficiente el exceso de espermatozoides dentro del tracto reproductivo femenino (FRT) después del coito natural o la inseminación artificial (IA). Dependiendo de su ubicación en los órganos reproductivos, las NET/MET pueden ser beneficiosas para el huésped por su capacidad de limitar la diseminación de patógenos infecciosos, promover la cicatrización de heridas y ejercer propiedades antiinflamatorias a través de la degradación de componentes proinflamatorios. Por el contrario, la liberación excesiva o desequilibrada de NETs/METs dentro del FRT o el tracto urogenital masculino (UGT) podría estar asociada con una baja fertilidad debido a efectos nocivos sobre las funciones de los espermatozoides, la fertilización de los ovocitos, el microambiente del endometrio y la implantación del embrión. En UGT, los pacientes con epididimitis o infecciones bacterianas urogenitales y con leucocitospermia presentan liberación espontánea de NETs/ METs en los fluidos seminales. Además, en pacientes masculinos/ femeninos infértiles sin etiologías infecciosas pero con enfermedades autoinmunes (es decir, lupus eritematoso sistémico, artritis reumatoide), metabólicas (diabetes mellitus, obesidad) y vasculares (vasculitis, hipertensión y preeclampsia), los NETs/ METs no controlados pueden influir negativamente en su fertilidad. Por lo tanto, esta revisión tiene como objetivo proporcionar nuevos conocimientos sobre los efectos beneficiosos y adversos de los NETs/METs en los gametos masculinos, la fertilización de ovocitos y el endometrio, destacando las amplias implicaciones en el diagnóstico temprano de trampas extracelulares (TE) en muestras de fluido seminal de pacientes infértiles con etiologías inflamatorias. Así como para el diagnóstico precoz de la formación espontánea de NETs/METs en parejas infértiles en las que uno o ambos padecen enfermedades inflamatorias, metabólicas, vasculares y/o autoinmunes crónicas, con el fin de aumentar las posibilidades de concepción.

ABSTRACT Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is a significant pest in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) orchards in Türkiye. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of yellow sticky traps as an alternative method for controlling A. pistaciae populations in pistachio orchards. Conducted in late September and early October of 2021 and 2022, during peak pest activity, the experiment was carried out in Siirt, with three replicates following a randomized block design. Five traps were hung on all sides of each tree for sampling. Repeated measures ANOVA (repeated measures; general linear model) was used to observe changes over time. The results indicated that yellow sticky traps were highly effective in mass trapping adults, capturing an average maximum of 12 332.67 adults per trap. A significant decrease in the number of nymphs and eggs on the leaves was observed in the yellow sticky trap-treated trees compared to the control plots by mid-October (P < 0.05). Specifically, the average number of nymphs per composite leaf dropped from 24.95 to 11.23 in 2021, and from 145.18 to 27.29 in 2022. Similarly, the average number of eggs per composite leaf decreased from 61.18 to 2.29 in 2021, and from 73.56 to 3.64 in 2022. These findings suggest that yellow sticky traps can significantly reduce psyllid populations in pistachio orchards over the long term and can be an effective control method when used early in the vegetative period for low- to medium-sized psyllid populations.

Resumen La presencia de fauna feral en ecosistemas conservados causa impactos negativos y aunado a presiones a las que está sometida la flora y la fauna nativa, tales como incendios, fragmentación, cambio de uso de suelo, repercuten negativamente en la distribución y densidad de las especies, así como la pérdida de las mismas, mientras que la fauna puede ser o estar sujeta a procesos de desplazamiento o extinción de manera local. La finalidad del presente estudio es identificar las especies de fauna feral y sus hábitos en una porción de selva mediana en Acapulco, Guerrero. Se ubicaron y georreferenciaron ocho cámaras trampa, en un fragmento de selva media con una superficie de ocho hectáreas del periodo marzo del 2022 a enero 2023. Del muestreo se obtuvieron 1184 fotografías, en donde se observaron dos especies de mamíferos terrestres ferales y 5 de fauna nativa. Las especies más abundantes fueron Didelphis virginiana (n = 22), Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 12), Canis lupus familiaris (n=10), Felis silvestris catus (n=9) y las poco abundantes fueron Procyon lotor (n = 3) y Tamandua mexicana (n = 1); se evidenció que las especies ferales y nativas ambas tienen hábitos nocturnos crepusculares, por lo que si no coinciden utilizan los mismos senderos, lo que aumenta la posibilidad de encuentros. Por ello, se requieren actividades de control, contención para la fauna feral ya que el área del proyecto colinda con áreas naturales protegidas.

Resumo A presença de fauna silvestre em ecossistemas conservados causa impactos negativos e, aliada às pressões a que estão submetidas a flora e a fauna nativas, como incêndios, fragmentação, mudança no uso do solo, impactam negativamente na distribuição e densidade das espécies, como bem como a sua perda, enquanto a fauna pode estar ou estar sujeita a processos locais de deslocamento ou extinção. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar as espécies da fauna silvestre e seus hábitos em uma porção de selva de médio porte em Acapulco, Guerrero. Oito armadilhas fotográficas foram localizadas e georreferenciadas em um fragmento de floresta média com área de oito hectares no período de março de 2022 a janeiro de 2023. Da amostragem foram obtidas 1.184 fotografias, onde foram encontradas duas espécies de mamíferos terrestres silvestres e 5 de fauna. foram observados. As espécies mais abundantes foram Didelphis virginiana (n = 22), Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 12), Canis lupus familiaris (n = 10), Felis silvestris catus (n = 9) e as menos abundantes foram Procyon lotor (n = 3) e Tamanduá Mexicano (n = 1); Ficou evidente que ambas as espécies silvestres e nativas possuem hábitos noturnos crepusculares, portanto, caso não coincidam, utilizam as mesmas trilhas, o que aumenta a possibilidade de encontros. Portanto, são necessárias atividades de controle e contenção para a fauna selvagem, uma vez que a área do projeto faz fronteira com áreas naturais protegidas.

Abstract The presence of feral fauna in conserved ecosystems causes negative impacts and, combined with pressures to which native flora and fauna are subjected, such as fires, fragmentation, change in land use, have a negative impact on the distribution and density of species, as well as the Loss of species and particularly fauna may be subject to local displacement or extinction processes. The purpose of this study is to identify the species of feral fauna and their habits in a portion of medium-sized jungle located in Acapulco, Guerrero. Eight camera traps were located and georeferenced in a fragment of medium forest with an area of eight hectares from the period March 2022 to January 2023. From the sampling, 1,184 photographs were obtained, two species of feral terrestrial mammals and 5 of native fauna were observed. The most abundant species were Didelphis virginiana (n = 22), Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 12), Canis lupus familiaris (n = 10), Felis silvestris catus (n = 9) and the least abundant were Procyon lotor (n = 3) and Tamandua mexicana (n = 1), with this the feral and native Bambas species have crepuscular nocturnal habits, so if they do not coincide they use the same trails, which increases the possibility of encounters, control activities are required, containment for the feral fauna since the project area borders protected natural areas.

ABSTRACT Crop damage-based control threshold of 12.5% has been used to reduce the excessive use of insecticides while controlling Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera in hot peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivation systems. However, it is necessary to develop an easy, practical, inexpensive control threshold to increase farmer eagerness in reducing pesticide use. The study aimed to evaluate a light trap captured based-control threshold for both hot pepper pests. The activity was conducted at Lembang (ca. 1250 m a.s.l.), West Java, Indonesia, from September 2022 to April 2023. Six treatments and four replicates were arranged in a randomized block design. The treatments included the use of four light trap captured based-control thresholds, i.e., ≥ 30, ≥ 25, ≥ 20, ≥ and 15 moth trap-1 wk-1; crop damage based-control threshold of 12.5%; and once per week insecticide application as a control treatment. The study found that the implementation of pests’ control threshold of ≥ 25 moth trap-1 wk-1 could reduce 75% insecticide use compared to the plant damage-based control threshold. The use of this approach could maintain high crop production and generate a return rate of 1.26. The findings will be beneficial for farmers in reducing insecticide use.

Abstract Since its outbreak, the COVID-19 pandemic has cost millions of human lives and had an unprecedented negative impact on health systems worldwide. Although the administration of vaccines slowed the disease spread, there is still no treatment for critically ill patients. Part of this is due to our poor understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. As is well known, SARS-CoV-2 infection causes multisystemic damage with a phenomenon known as immunothrombosis, which has been linked to an "old enemy," the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which could be the source of endothelial damage and part of the prothrombotic state of the disease. Several studies documented the relationship between NET formation and the severity of the disease including the associated mortality. Based on this premise, it has been suggested that NET can be a therapeutic target; however, there have been very few studies on the topic, rendering us unable to draw firm conclusions. We believe that understanding the complex mechanism between NETs and SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to a more robust theory, which, in turn facilitates the development of drugs able to curb the high mortality rate caused by this disease.

Resumen Desde su estallido, la pandemia de COVID-19 cobró millones de vidas humanas y tuvo un impacto negativo sin precedentes en los sistemas de salud de todo el mundo. Aunque la administración de vacunas frenó la propagación de la enfermedad, hasta la fecha no existe un tratamiento específico para los pacientes. Esto se debe, en parte, a nuestro escaso conocimiento de la fisiopatología de la enfermedad. La infección por SARS-CoV-2 causa daños multisistémicos con un fenómeno conocido como inmunotrombosis, que se ha relacionado con un "viejo enemigo", las trampas extracelulares de neutrófilos (en inglés: NETs), que podrían ser la fuente del daño endotelial y parte del estado protrombótico evidenciado. Varios estudios documentaron la relación entre la formación de NET y la gravedad de la enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2 e incluso la mortalidad causada por ella. Partiendo de esta premisa, se ha sugerido que las NETs puede ser una diana terapéutica; sin embargo, ha habido muy pocos estudios sobre el tema, lo que nos impide extraer conclusiones sólidas. Creemos que la comprensión del complejo mecanismo entre las NETs y el SARS-CoV-2 puede conducir a una teoría más sólida, que a su vez facilite el desarrollo de fármacos capaces de frenar la elevada mortalidad causada por esta enfermedad.

Resumen Introducción El mosco fungoso negro Bradysia impatiens Johannsen es una plaga de importancia en los viveros forestales tecnificados de México, debido a que ocasiona mortalidad de la planta; sin embargo, los estudios sobre monitoreo de adultos son escasos. Objetivos Determinar la trampa más adecuada para el monitoreo de B. impatiens, caracterizar sus niveles poblacionales e identificar organismos asociados, entre ellos sus enemigos naturales. Materiales y métodos Se evaluó el efecto de atracción de B. impatiens a dos tipos de trampas pegajosas amarillas (circulares y bandera) y una incolora. Después de la selección de la mejor trampa, se comparó la captura de B. impatiens y organismos asociados en cuatro viveros forestales para determinar niveles poblacionales de la especie. Los datos de captura se analizaron con modelos lineales generalizados mediante regresión binomial negativa. Resultados y discusión La trampa bandera fue la más eficiente para la captura de adultos. Con base en la captura semanal, se calificaron subjetivamente tres niveles poblacionales: baja (<30 adultos), media (30-60 adultos) y alta (>60 adultos). Se encontró a Coenosia attenuata Stein como enemigo natural de la plaga; sin embargo, el porcentaje de captura fue bajo (1.78 %), por lo que las trampas no representan amenaza para sus poblaciones. También se encontró a Kleidotoma sp., posible parasitoide de la plaga y de C. attenuata. Conclusiones Es necesario un plan de manejo integrado de plagas para B. impatiens, que incluya la trampa bandera y el depredador C. attenuata como control biológico en viveros. La mosca C. attenuata, depredadora de B. impatiens, se registra por primera vez en Tlaxcala.

Abstract Introduction The Dark Winged Fungus Gnat, Bradysia impatiens Johannsen, is a significant pest in modern forest nurseries in Mexico, as it causes plant mortality. However, studies on adult monitoring are scarce. Objectives Determine the most suitable trap for monitoring B. impatiens, characterize its population levels and identify associated organisms, including its natural enemies. Materials and methods The attraction effect of B. impatiens to two types of yellow sticky traps (circular and flag paper trap) and a colorless trap was evaluated. After selecting the best trap, the capture of B. impatiens and associated organisms was compared across four forest nurseries to determine the species' population levels. Capture data were analyzed using generalized linear models with negative binomial regression. Results and discussion Flag paper trap was the most efficient for capturing adults. Based on weekly captures, three population levels were subjectively rated: low (<30 adults), medium (30-60 adults), and high (>60 adults). Coenosia attenuata Stein was found as a natural enemy of the pest; however, the capture percentage was low (1.78 %), so the traps do not pose a threat to their populations. Kleidotoma sp., a possible parasitoid of the pest and C. attenuata, was also found. Conclusions An integrated pest management plan for B. impatiens is necessary, including flag paper trap and the predator C. attenuata as biological control in nurseries. C. attenuata, a predator of B. impatiens, is recorded for the first time in Tlaxcala.