Abstract: The Coatzacoalcos-Minatitlan highway was an important route that improved mobility and expanded access to regional motorized transportation in the southern zone of Veracruz. Also, the project was an example of the formation of a local organization, and partially independent from the rest of the state-federal bureaucracy to build works in the region: the Coatzacoalcos Central Pro-Highway Committee (CCPCC). This group took a central role in directing resources and making decisions about different communications projects in southern Veracruz. This article examines the historiographic, political, and environmental background to contextualize the construction of the Coatzacoalcos-Minatitlan highway and its neighboring roads, then studies the creation of the CCPCC, its administration and bureaucracy, and local reactions to its activities in the region.

Resumen: La carretera Coatzacoalcos-Minatitlán fue una vía importante en el proyecto para mejorar la movilidad y el acceso al transporte regional motorizado en la zona sur del estado de Veracruz, y fue un ejemplo de la formación de una organización local, y parcialmente independiente del resto de la burocracia estatal-federal, para construir obras en la región: el Comité Central Pro-Carretera de Coatzacoalcos (CCPCC). Este grupo tomó un papel central en la dirección de recursos y en la toma de decisiones sobre distintos proyectos de comunicaciones en el sur de Veracruz. Este artículo examina los antecedentes historiográficos, políticos y ambientales para contextualizar la construcción de la carretera Coatzacoalcos-Minatitlán y sus caminos vecinales, y estudia la creación del CCPCC, su administración y burocracia, y las reacciones locales ante sus actividades en la región.

Abstract: This study presents a methodology to assess the feasibility of turning a conventional road infrastructure for the circulation of motorized vehicles into a sustainable mobility system through the incorporation of bicycle lane. The methodology includes five stages developed in two key moments: the collection and definition of parameters based on a literature review and, the analysis of selected road axes according to the study parameters: roadway section, bicycle lane slope and potentially benefited population. The assessment of the road infrastructure is based on six categories ranging from 1 to 0, where 1 represents the ideal situation and 0 the limit situation. The study will be carried out on the roads connecting the peri-urban sub-centers with the urban center, with the objective of promoting the safe use of bicycles as a means of transportation in an intermediate city in the Andes of Latin America, Cuenca in Ecuador. The study of the four proposed road axes indicates which road presents the optimal conditions for the incorporation of a bicycle lane in its current conditions.

Resumen: Este estudio presenta una metodología innovadora para evaluar la viabilidad de transformar la infraestructura vial convencional en Cuenca, Ecuador, en un sistema de movilidad sostenible mediante la inclusión de carriles para bicicletas. La metodología se compone de cinco etapas distribuidas en dos momentos clave: la recopilación y definición de parámetros, basados en una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva, y el análisis de ejes viales seleccionados de acuerdo con los parámetros de estudio: sección de la calzada, pendiente de ciclovía y población potencialmente beneficiada. La valoración de la infraestructura vial se basa en una escala de seis categorías dende 1 representa la situación ideal y 0 la situación límite. Esta investigación se centra en las vías que conectan los subcentros periurbanos con el centro urbano, con el objetivo de fomentar el uso seguro de la bicicleta como medio de transporte en una ciudad intermedia de los Andes de América Latina, Cuenca en Ecuador. El análisis de los cuatro ejes viales propuestos revela la vía con las condiciones óptimas para la incorporación de una ciclovía en su estado actual.

Abstract The physical and virtual infrastructure are important aspects to evaluate in organizations, since, if not, there could be deficiencies in operations, non-functional equipment and furniture, poor control of data and electronic resources, poor technological adaptability, to mention a few. Even more so, in an era of increasing remote work, technological dependence and demand for adequate conditions in the work area. The objective is to design and validate an instrument that collects information related to the perception of infrastructure in an organization, under a quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational, non-exploratory and descriptive approach. The methodology was: panel of experts validated the content; second, factor analysis validated the construct, using the KMO test (Kaiser Meyer Olkin) and Bartlett's sphericity; third, the reliability of the instrument was obtained with Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. The result, after applying the pilot test to 58 individuals was: KMO 0.738; Bartlett's sphericity 0.000; Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.942 for the complete instrument. Finally, the findings and conclusions are the increase of four dimensions proposed by ISO to six, with their respective Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, called: information processors (0.882); cybersecurity and telecommunications (0.887); electronic devices, internet service and transportation (0.865); physical and virtual space (0.809); information exchange and storage (0.724); ergonomics and ventilation in the workspace (0.861). The main contribution is an instrument with scientific rigor, relevant for general use in the academic community and any productive sector.

Resumo As infra-estruturas físicas e virtuais são aspectos importantes a avaliar nas organizações, pois, caso não o façam, podem surgir deficiências nas operações, nos equipamentos e no mobiliário não funcional, bem como um mau controlo dos dados e dos recursos electrónicos e uma fraca adaptabilidade tecnológica, entre outros. . Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é projetar e validar um instrumento que colete informações relacionadas à percepção de infraestrutura em uma organização. Para isso, utilizou-se uma abordagem quantitativa, transversal, correlacional, não exploratória e descritiva. A metodologia consistiu em um painel de especialistas que validou o conteúdo, bem como uma análise fatorial que validou o construto por meio do teste KMO (Kaiser Meyer Olkin) e esfericidade de Bartlett. Além disso, a confiabilidade do instrumento foi obtida por meio do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Após aplicação do teste piloto em 58 indivíduos, o resultado foi o seguinte: KMO 0,738, esfericidade de Bartlett 0,000 e coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,942 para o instrumento completo. Por fim, os resultados permitiram determinar o aumento de quatro para seis dimensões propostas pela ISO com seus respectivos coeficientes alfa de Cronbach, denominados processadores de informação (0,882); cibersegurança e telecomunicações (0,887); aparelhos eletrônicos, serviço de internet e transporte (0,865); espaço físico e virtual (0,809); troca e armazenamento de informações (0,724); ergonomia e ventilação no ambiente de trabalho (0,861). Em resumo, a principal contribuição é um instrumento relevante e com rigor científico para uso geral na comunidade acadêmica e em qualquer setor produtivo.

Resumen La infraestructura física y virtual son aspectos importantes por evaluar en las organizaciones, ya que, en caso de no hacerlo, pueden surgir deficiencias en las operaciones, el equipo y el mobiliario no funcional, así como escaso control de datos y recursos electrónicos y poca adaptabilidad tecnológica, entre otros. Por eso, el objetivo de este trabajo es diseñar y validar un instrumento que recolecte información relacionada con la percepción sobre infraestructura en una organización. Para ello, se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo, transversal, correlacional, no exploratorio y descriptivo. La metodológica consistió en un panel de expertos que validó el contenido, así como en un análisis factorial que validó el constructo usando la prueba KMO (Kaiser Meyer Olkin) y la esfericidad de Bartlett. Además, con el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach se obtuvo la confiabilidad del instrumento. Después de aplicar la prueba piloto a 58 individuos, el resultado fue el siguiente: KMO 0.738, esfericidad de Bartlett 0.000 y coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0.942 para el instrumento completo. Finalmente, los hallazgos permitieron determinar el incremento de cuatro a seis dimensiones propuestas por ISO con su respectivo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, denominadas procesadores de información (0.882); ciberseguridad y telecomunicaciones (0.887); dispositivos electrónicos, servicio de internet y transporte (0.865); espacio físico y virtual (0.809); intercambio y almacenamiento de información (0.724); ergonomía y ventilación en el espacio de trabajo (0.861). En síntesis, la principal contribución es un instrumento pertinente y con rigor científico para el uso general en la comunidad académica y cualquier sector productivo.

The need for sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources is very important if future generations are to be spared of the misdoings of past generations. Climate change, environmental pollution, radiation pollution, and altering of the balanced ecology of the green planet earth is now a significant challenge, because if not mitigated, some island nations will disappear in the future, due to human activities energized by unsustainable fossil fuels. Based on these facts, Germany has taken concrete and important steps to stem the tide of this ill wind by embracing the Green Hydrogen system. This is more obvious in the transport system that produces more than 40% of Green House Gases in Europe. Because Germany is an industrialized European nation, the government has introduced Green Hydrogen for transportation in accordance with European Union energy policy. Therefore, this paper provides a clear, concise analysis and implementation of Green Hydrogen energy in the smart energy system. The paper presents Green Hydrogen analysis in transportation in four sections, namely, Geographical, Chemical, social, and economic aspects, respectively. The last section of this paper is the discussion of results from cost/feasibility analysis, which shows that although the expected or forecasted GH cost is US$7.11per kg from 2020 to 2050, the current growth in the green hydrogen infrastructure and technology, reduced the overall cost of GH in 2020 to $1.60/kg. An erudite conclusion and recommendations are made at the end of this research.

ABSTRACT: The road system is the main mode used for the transportation of agricultural cargo, and in some cases, it is the only option for handling this type of product. This dependence means that the implementation of tools to support the management of logistical costs can reduce the financial impact with the transport felt by the economic agents operating in the soybean chain. This study contributed to a better understanding of the variables that make up the cost of road freight, generating a system of road freight prediction from a multiple linear regression model using the selection of variables Stepwise, Forward, and Backward elimination. This being said, this research intends to evaluate whether the behavior of soybean road freight is influenced by the variables that make up the productive, economic, and infrastructure dimensions in price formation. The regression models had an explanatory power of 87.20%. In the infrastructure dimension, the most impact variable in soybean road freight was the distance traveled; in the economic dimension, the variables of inflation and fuel price stood out; while in the productive dimension, the main contribution was the volume of production. A more assertive predictability of logistical costs and better understanding of the dynamics of freight price formation helps industry agents in planning and decision-making. Another contribution of this study is that it can be used as a practical tool for predicting soybean road freight on several transportation routes. ABSTRACT cargo cases product chain Stepwise Forward elimination said 8720 87 20 87.20% dimension traveled out production decisionmaking. decisionmaking decision making. making decision-making routes 872 8 2 87.20 87.2 87.

RESUMO: O sistema rodoviário é o principal modal utilizado para o transporte de cargas agrícolas, e em alguns casos, é a única opção para movimentação desse tipo de produto. Esta dependência faz com que a implementação de ferramentas para apoiar a gestão dos custos logísticos possa reduzir o impacto financeiro com o transporte sentido pelos agentes econômicos que atuam na cadeia da soja. O presente trabalho visa contribuir para um melhor entendimento das variáveis que compõem o custo dos fretes rodoviários, gerando um sistema de previsão de fretes rodoviários a partir de um modelo de regressão linear múltipla usando a seleção de variáveis Stepwise, Forward e a eliminação Backward. Isto posto, a pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar se o comportamento do frete rodoviário da soja é influenciado pelas variáveis que compõem as dimensões produtivas, econômicas e de infraestrutura na formação do preço. Os modelos de regressão tiveram um poder explicativo de 87,20%. Na dimensão infraestrutura o destaque foi a variável distância percorrida como a mais impactante no frete rodoviário da soja, na dimensão econômica as variáveis inflação e preço do combustível, enquanto que na dimensão produtiva a principal contribuição foi o volume de produção. A previsibilidade mais assertiva dos custos logísticos e melhor compreensão da dinâmica de formação do preço do frete auxilia os agentes do setor no planejamento e na tomada de decisão. Outra contribuição deste trabalho é que pode ser usado como uma ferramenta prática para a predição de fretes rodoviários da soja em diversas rotas de transporte. RESUMO agrícolas casos produto Stepwise Backward posto produtivas 8720 87 20 87,20% combustível produção decisão 872 8 2 87,20 87,2 87,

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) has experienced rapid development in area-specific applications, including smart transportation systems, healthcare, industries, and smart agriculture, to enhance socio-economic development over the past few years. This IoT system includes different actuators, interconnected sensors, and network-enabled devices that exchange various data through private networks and the Internet infrastructure. The intrusion detection system (IDS) is deployed with preventive security mechanisms, namely access control and authentication. The usual behaviors of the mechanism distinguish malicious and normal activities based on specific patterns or rules of IDSs. Therefore, this article focuses on developing IDS using Double Adaptive Weighting Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning (DAWAOA-DL) approach in the IoT environment. The DAWAOA-DL methodology's objective is to recognise and classify intrusions in the IoT platform accurately. To execute this, the presented DAWAOA-DL approach involves the design of the DAWAOA technique for the feature selection procedure. Next, the convolutional neural network-gated recurrent unit (CNN-GRU) technique is used for the intrusion detection task. Finally, the Adam optimizer is exploited as a hyperparameter optimizer of the CNN-GRU methodology. A series of simulations were performed on the BoT-IoT dataset to exhibit the effectual detection performance of the DAWAOA-DL method. A widespread experimental validation demonstrated the betterment of the DAWAOA-DL method over other recent models under several metrics. (IoT areaspecific area applications systems healthcare industries agriculture socioeconomic socio economic years actuators sensors networkenabled network enabled infrastructure (IDS mechanisms authentication IDSs Therefore DAWAOADL DL (DAWAOA-DL environment methodologys methodology s accurately procedure Next networkgated gated CNNGRU CNN GRU (CNN-GRU task Finally BoTIoT BoT metrics

Resumo Este artigo busca compreender os gargalos da política de transporte público coletivo (TPC) de Belo Horizonte, quando comparada às de outras capitais, em especial, ao caso do município de Curitiba-PR. Para tanto, foi escolhido o IMUS (Índice de Mobilidade Urbana Sustentável), desenvolvido por Costa (2008), ferramenta de suporte à elaboração de políticas públicas. O índice é composto por 87 indicadores, os quais podem ser utilizados em sua totalidade ou parcialmente, a depender do foco da análise. Nesta pesquisa, focada no transporte público, foram selecionados 22 indicadores diretamente ligados ao tema. Foi realizada uma análise comparativa entre os resultados obtidos para Belo Horizonte e aqueles obtidos por outras capitais brasileiras. Os resultados apontaram desempenho insatisfatório de Belo Horizonte, decorrente principalmente das notas negativas dos indicadores relacionados ao financiamento do sistema e à provisão de infraestrutura pelo poder público. Como conclusões, o estudo sugere o aprimoramento dos mecanismos de financiamento do TPC, bem como maiores investimentos na infraestrutura urbana, além de sugerir a realização de estudos complementares de viés qualitativo. TPC (TPC especial CuritibaPR. CuritibaPR Curitiba PR. PR Curitiba-PR tanto Índice Sustentável, Sustentável , Sustentável) 2008, 2008 (2008) públicas 8 parcialmente pesquisa 2 tema brasileiras conclusões urbana qualitativo 200 (2008 20 (200 (20 (2 (

Abstract This paper aims to understand what are the main weaknesses of the public transportation policy of Belo Horizonte when compared to the policy adopted by other capital cities, with a special focus on the city of Curitiba-PR. To do so, we chose the IMUS (Sustainable Urban Mobility Index), developed by Costa (2008), a support tool for public policy development. The index includes 87 indicators, which can be applied only partially depending on the focus of analysis. Since the focus of this research is public transportation, only 22 indicators directly related to the topic were calculated. In addition, a comparative analysis was performed between the results obtained by other Brazilian capitals. The results obtained by applying the index pointed to an unsatisfactory performance achieved by the Municipality, resulting mainly from the negative scores achieved by indicators related to the form of financing of the system and the provision of infrastructure by the public authority. As conclusions, the study suggests the improvement of financing mechanisms for public transportation, as well as greater investment in urban infrastructure and further qualitative studies. cities CuritibaPR. CuritibaPR Curitiba PR. PR Curitiba-PR so Sustainable Index, Index , Index) 2008, 2008 (2008) development 8 2 calculated addition capitals Municipality authority conclusions studies 200 (2008 20 (200 (20 (2 (

ORIENTATION: This research explores the vital role of transport logistics in the economic development of nations, with a specific focus on the Republic of Kazakhstan. It addresses the urgency of resolving transport logistics issues for the efficient functioning of the transport system, a key indicator of economic development in the modern market context. RESEARCH PURPOSE: The research aims to analyse the unique aspects of transport logistics infrastructure development in Kazakhstan's current system, seeking theoretical insights into optimising efficiency of transportation modes amid the dynamic global economic landscape and ongoing changes in the nation's transport system. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Motivated by the essential role a well-functioning transport system plays in economic development, this research seeks innovative solutions to elevate the quality of Kazakhstan's transport system, contributing to its economic growth. RESEARCH DESIGN, APPROACH AND METHOD: Research analyses global transport logistics development and unique features in Kazakhstan, using systematic analysis to identify optimal improvement opportunities. MAIN FINDINGS: The study underscores the substantial importance of transport logistics infrastructure to Kazakhstan's economic well-being, emphasising the need for strategic measures to enhance the effective functioning of the transport logistics system PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The results offer actionable insights for professionals within the transport system of Kazakhstan, guiding them in finding optimal solutions to improve the functionality of the logical transport infrastructure and contributing to the economic advancement of the nation. CONTRIBUTION AND VALUE-ADD: This research emphasises the critical role of transport logistics in economic development, providing valuable insights and recommendations for optimising the transport system in Kazakhstan.

BACKGROUND: As urban populations rapidly expand across sub-Saharan Africa, promoting sustainable and efficient transportation systems is imperative for fostering economic growth and social inclusion by enhancing mobility and accessibility. OBJECTIVES: This study examines the travel mode choices and factors influencing the use of these modes among residents of Lusaka, Zambia, for their work or school trips. METHOD: A household survey ascertained mode choice, trip characteristics, and transportation challenges experienced. Descriptive, contingency table, and post hoc analyses explored relationships between mode and associated factors. RESULTS: Public buses emerged as the predominant mode for work/school trips, followed by walking and private cars, highlighting public transit's and non-motorised transport's importance. However, travel behaviour varied significantly by residential density. High-density areas favoured public transit and walking, while low-density areas promoted greater private vehicle use, highlighting the influence of urban form on mode choice. Key mode choice factors included travel time, fares and safety, though environmental concerns had lesser impact. Crucially, socio-economic and demographic characteristics like age, gender, income, education, employment, car ownership, trip purpose, household composition, presence of children, and destination accessibility significantly influenced mode choices, revealing the complex interplay shaping mobility patterns. CONCLUSION: Findings underscore the need for policy interventions investing in public transportation infrastructure, enhancing pedestrian and cycling facilities, and prioritising walkability in urban planning to encourage sustainable transportation behaviours. CONTRIBUTION: This study contributes to the discourse on urban sustainability by highlighting the importance of integrating social, economic, and environmental considerations into transportation planning and policymaking processes.

BACKGROUND: In today's interconnected global economy, logistics and supply chain management are pivotal in facilitating the movement of goods and services across regions. Supply chains have become increasingly complex, involving multiple stakeholders, diverse transportation modes, and intricate global networks. The efficient management of these supply chains has emerged as a critical determinant of competitiveness and economic growth for businesses and nations. OBJECTIVES: The study aims to analyse the level of intermodal connectivity and how it enhances the functionality of a regional logistics hub using Namibia as a case study. METHOD: The research study adopted a mixed-method design, collecting data through interviews, questionnaires, and documentary analysis to examine intermodal connectivity and its impact on the functionality of the Namibian regional logistics hub RESULTS: The study's key findings reveal a fragmented railway system and a significant reliance on road transportation within the Namibian transport system. The level of intermodality is found to be low, indicating limited connectivity and integration between different modes of transport in Namibia. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the need to address the fragmentation within the railway system, reduce the heavy reliance on road transportation, and improve intermodal connectivity to enhance the functionality and efficiency of the Namibian transport system CONTRIBUTION: This research contributes to the existing knowledge of transportation and logistics hubs within the Namibian context. By exploring the role of intermodal connectivity, the study builds upon the theoretical frameworks of transport geography, logistics management, and infrastructure planning.

Abstract Many capital cities are expanding bicycle lanes or investing in public bike-sharing systems to make cycling mobility a viable transport solution within urban areas. While bicycles are fit for short-distance trips (<15 minutes), their attractiveness declines for longer trips (Ton et al., 2020; Handy et al., 2014; Jäppinen et al., 2013). So, it is opportune to estimate to what extent the accessibility can be increased when intermodal solutions are available. In this paper, a quantitative analysis of different mobility scenarios is conducted. The aim is to evaluate how time travel and accessibility to amenities by bike, can be improved if public transportation such, as the train, is considered. The analysis uses open data and detailed GIS-based network analysis to examine the spatial relationship between transport opportunities, travel time and amenities access in Lisbon, Portugal. Three mobility scenarios are considered: in the first scenario, short-distance trips by bike from home are evaluated (15- minute travel). Then, to evaluate the contribution in time travel of potential modal shift (bike and train) vs individual car, second and third scenarios are presented considering longer distance travels within the city of Lisbon, during peak hours. Results suggest that for longer trips, the combined use of bicycle and train infrastructure can be a faster or more convenient alternative to individual car use. Also, multimodal cycling can expand riders’ area of influence and thus increase the accessibility to opportunities. So, people living near train stations can beneficiate from a “potential” proximity to a diversity of amenities that are geographically more distant. In Lisbon, 34% of the population live within the 10-minute bicycle catchment areas around the 8 train stations from Cintura Line and can thus benefit from this combination of transport modes. City planners can use this methodology to prioritize spaces where investing in accessibility can have the largest impact in terms of improving connections between homes and destinations. This methodology, developed and tested in Lisbon, can be applied in other cities to support planning interventions regarding sustainable transport alternatives.

Abstract. - One of the biggest problems facing the population worldwide is global warming, mainly derived from the anthropogenic footprint. The excessive increase in actions that impact the environment such as public transportation, the use of fossil fuels, industry, etc., have unbalanced ecosystems. The measures and actions to mitigate the environmental impact have not been enough, this has disturbed the United Nations Organization (UN), which has taken a series of international measures such as the proposal of 17 objectives that help to safeguard different large social. Among the goals for 2030 is what is relevant to "clean energy". To align with these strategies, Mexico must take concrete and efficient actions; these actions must be established through the strict elaboration of public policies, which manage to integrate different scientific and technological areas, with timely participation of the different actors involved. The proposal of this document is the integration of public policies together with fiscal and energy policies that contribute to common objectives, through different actions such as energy efficiencies and increasing the participation of renewable energies in the country's energy matrix. Mexico has currently stopped some strategies planned in previous government periods, which have been stopping an energy transition that manages to establish an optimal use of infrastructure and develop a plan that allows the diversification of the energy matrix with the incorporation of renewable energy sources to reduce the use of fossil fuels, which have a share of more than 70% causing various damages to the environment and health. The execution of the proposed strategy required the integration and commitment of the different actors involved, due to the complex nature of the public policy formulation process, the authors propose working with a quality regulatory framework and monitoring the different governmental changes in the country.

Resumen. - Una de las mayores problemáticas que enfrenta la población a nivel mundial es el calentamiento global, derivado principalmente de la huella antropogénica. El aumento desmedido de las acciones que impactan al medio ambiente como el transporte público, el uso de combustibles fósiles, la industria, etc., han desequilibrado los ecosistemas. Las medidas y acciones para mitigar el impacto ambiental no han sido suficientes, esto ha inquietado a la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), que ha tomado una serie de medidas de carácter internacional como la propuesta de 17 objetivos que ayuden a salvaguardad diferentes ámbitos sociales. Entre las metas para el 2030, esta lo pertinente a “energía no contaminante”. México para alinearse a estas estrategias debe tomar acciones concretas y eficientes, estas acciones deben establecerse por medio de la elaboración de políticas públicas estrictas, que logren integrar diferentes áreas científicas y tecnológicas, con una participación oportuna de los diferentes actores involucrados. La propuesta de este documento es la integración de las políticas públicas en conjunto con políticas fiscales y energéticas que coadyuven entre ellas hacia objetivos en común, mediante diferentes acciones como eficiencia energética y aumento de la participación de las energías renovables en la matriz energética del país. México actualmente ha detenido algunas estrategias planeadas en periodos gubernamentales anteriores, que han venido deteniendo una transición energética que logre establecer un óptimo uso de infraestructura, y desarrollar una planeación que permita la diversificación de la matriz energética con la incorporación de fuentes renovables de energía para reducir el uso de combustibles fósiles, que tienen una participación de más del 70%, provocando diversos daños al medio ambiente y a la salud. La ejecución de la estrategia propuesta requeriría la integración y compromiso de los diferentes actores involucrados, por la naturaleza compleja del proceso de formulación de las políticas públicas, los autores proponen trabajar con un marco regulatorio de calidad y con seguimiento entre los diferentes cambios gubernamentales en el país.

Introdução A utilização da metodologia da investigação qualitativa é fundamental para o ensino em saúde, que tem a função de oferecer uma experiência de campo com a aproximação de comunidades em diferentes contextos. Contribuindo para inserção e contato de campo, a condução da pesquisa sobre a comunidade, o conhecimento das realidades e dificuldades enfrentadas pelos moradores tanto no âmbito de qualidade de vida, da determinação social da saúde. Objetivos. Apresentar o uso de elementos da metodologia da investigação qualitativa em uma experiência de campo da área da saúde, na ocupação urbana Vista Alegre do Juá em Santarém-Pará, Região da Amazônia brasileira. Métodos Trata-se de um relato de experiência que utilizou para sua construção elementos da metodologia da investigação qualitativa, como a técnica de bola de neve para aproximação das lideranças da ocupação, entrevistas com relato oral de informantes-chave e a observação para conhecimento do local. Foram realizadas visitas in loco com as lideranças locais e também o contato remoto via whatsapp. Foram realizadas pesquisas junto a órgãos municipais de Santarém, como a Secretaria Municipal de Urbanismo e Serviços Públicos (SEMURB), Secretaria Municipal de Infraestrutura (SEMINFRA), Centro de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS), Secretaria Municipal de Saúde (SEMSA), Núcleo Técnico de Vigilância em Saúde (NTVS) e a Vigilância Epidemiológica para o levantamento de informações sobre a ocupação. Resultados. Foi observado que a ocupação Vista Alegre do Juá sofreu poucas mudanças, no sentido da produção significativa de melhorias de vida da sua população. A ocupação ainda permanece em processo de regularização para se tornar um bairro de fato. Dessa forma, o local ainda tem muitas necessidades de serviços públicos, mesmo que os seus representantes busquem as melhorias necessárias visando mais apoio governamental para a comunidade. Conclusões Apesar dos esforços de seus representantes na busca por melhorias para que a comunidade possa receber mais apoio governamental, a falta de serviços públicos, como escola, saneamento básico ou até mesmo transporte, e principalmente, uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) é algo que torna as condições dessa comunidade ainda mais difícil para a manutenção da vida.

The use of qualitative research methodology is essential for health education, which has the function of offering a field experience with the approach of communities in different contexts. Contributing to insertion and field contact, the conduct of research on the community, the knowledge of the realities and difficulties faced by residents both in the context of quality of life, the social determination of health. Goals To present the use of elements of qualitative research methodology in a health field experience in the urbana occupation Vista Alegre do Juá in Santarém-Pará, Brazilian Amazon Region. Methods This is an experience report that used for its construction elements of the qualitative research methodology, such as the snowball technique for approaching the occupation leaders, the oral report of key informants and observation for knowledge of the site. In loco visits were made with local leaders and also remote contact via whatsapp. Research was carried out with Santarém municipal bodies, such as the Municipal Secretary of Urbanism and Public Services (SEMURB), Municipal Secretary of Infrastructure (SEMINFRA), Social Assistance Reference Centre (CRAS), Municipal Secretary of Health (SEMSA), Technical Nucleus of Health Surveillance (NTVS) and the Epidemiological Monitoring Unit for the gathering of information on the occupation. Results It was observed that the Vista Alegre do Juá occupation suffered few changes, in the sense of producing significant improvements in the lives of its population. The occupation is still in the process of regularisation to become a de facto neighbourhood. Thus, the location still has many needs, such as the absence of public services, even though its representatives seek the necessary improvements, aiming at more government support for the community. Conclusions Despite the efforts of its representatives in the search for improvements so that the community can receive more government support, the lack of public services, such as school, basic sanitation or even transportation, and especially a Basic Health Unit (BHU) is something that makes the conditions of this community even more difficult to maintain life.

High quality road infrastructure is essential to support economic growth for any region. For South Africa's landlocked economic hub 79% of goods are transported using roads infrastructure. Protection of the road infrastructure is implemented by means of overload control monitoring at traffic control centres (TCCs) on freight corridors. Statistics collected from TCC operations indicate that 75% to 85% of statically weighed vehicles are legally loaded, with the implication that unnecessary time was wasted for these vehicles. This paper therefore proposes an algorithm, called the intelligent weigh-in-motion (IWIM) algorithm, with the purpose to decrease static weighing of vehicles by implementing data sharing between TCCs on the freight corridor, combined with intelligent interpretation of this data. The selected algorithm was chosen after testing multiple artificial intelligence (AI) models (logistic regression, random forest tree, and artificial neural network) to achieve the best performance to decrease static weighing of vehicles while not increasing the number of overloaded vehicles allowed to proceed on the corridor. The best performing model to differentiate between overloaded and legal vehicles, random forest tree, achieved an average improvement of 65,83% in terms of vehicles to be statically weighed when compared to the current rule-based system employed at TCCs. CATEGORIES: · Applied computing ~ Transportation

Resumen: Esta investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis comparativo del crecimiento y cobertura del sistema de transporte público colectivo urbano de la ciudad de Manizales (Colombia) en los años 2010, 2015 y 2021. Se aplican modelos geoestadísticos como base metodológica, complementados con análisis de cobertura y cambio relativo de la oferta. Los resultados muestran que la valoración de accesibilidad tiene un incremento en tiempo de viaje entre los años 2010 y 2015, evidenciando un estancamiento en la expansión del sistema de transporte. Se observa un salto importante en la cobertura de transporte público entre el 2015 y 2021, este salto se podría argumentar por las intervenciones viales generadas en la ciudad. Se concluye que las dinámicas de cobertura y acceso ofertadas por un sistema de transporte público colectivo urbano pueden verse afectadas por las dinámicas de crecimiento urbano si no se realizan intervenciones sustanciales y pertinentes.

Abstract: The primary goal of this research study is to perform a comparative analysis of the growth and coverage of the urban public transport system in the city of Manizales (Colombia) between the years 2010, 2015, and 2021. Geostatistical models are applied as a methodological basis, complemented with coverage and supply change analyses. The results show an increase in travel time between 2010 and 2015, suggesting stagnation in the expansion of the transportation system. There is a significant leap in public transport coverage between 2015 and 2021, which may be explained by transport infrastructure improvements in the city. It is concluded that the dynamics of coverage and access offered by an urban public transport system may be affected by the dynamics of urban growth if substantial and relevant interventions are not made.