Abstract With the perspective of implementing neuromorphic devices using memristor networks, we present a numerical-computational platform that allows studying their electrical transport properties. It consists of a function that describes the behavior of an individual memristor (which enables the consideration of an experimental case of interest) and a connection diagram between memristors. Using this platform, two-dimensional networks of various sizes are studied, also incorporating environmental effects (such as humidity and temperature). Furthermore, by selecting the electrically accessible ports, the impact of connectivity on the electrical properties of the network is evaluated. The results indicate that, beyond the individual characteristics of the memristors (determined by the particular selected model), the degree of connectivity, the topology of the connections, and the environmental conditions significantly influence the macroscopic electrical response of the networks.

Resumen Con la perspectiva de implementar sistemas neuromórficos con redes de memristores, presentamos una plataforma numérico-computacional que permite estudiar sus propiedades de transporte eléctrico. La misma consta de: una función que describe el comportamiento del memristor individual (la cual permite considerar un caso experimental de interés) y un diagrama genérico de conexión entre memristores. Utilizando esta plataforma, se estudian redes bidimensionales de diferentes tamaños incorporando también efectos ambientales (tales como humedad y temperatura). Además, seleccionando los puertos eléctricamente accesibles se evalúa el impacto de la conectividad en las propiedades eléctricas de la red. Los resultados indican que, más allá de las características individuales de los memristores (determinadas por el modelo elegido), tanto el grado de conectividad, la topología del conexionado, y las condiciones ambientales influyen significativamente en la respuesta eléctrica macroscópica de las redes.

The increased frequency of extreme weather events associated with climate change is a growing concern for road authorities, consultants, contractors and end users. Climate change adaptation is not yet incorporated into South Africa's transport design and planning. Current design methods for asphalt pavements include recently introduced performance-graded (PG) specifications for bitumen. Although the need exists to use future-projected temperature maps in the road industry, the hindrance to this adoption has been extracting the appropriate rising air temperatures from climate model projections. This study focuses on the integration of bias-adjusted historical and projected climate model temperature outputs between 1980 and 2060 to estimate changes in pavement temperatures throughout South Africa to inform a strategy for adaptive material selection. Differences in bitumen selection are observed for the PG 58 and PG 52 maximum temperature grade, and an introduction of PG 70 regions, as derived from climate model data in comparison with the SATS 3208 technical standard. The general trend is a gradual increase in maximum pavement design temperatures, mostly affecting the country's northern and central regions and corresponding road networks. This paper concludes that adjustments are required regarding climate projections for use in bituminous binder selection based on the current specification.

ABSTRACT In Cuba there are no air quality monitoring networks. The objective of this study is to evaluate air pollution by particulate matter (PM) in Havana through the use of the HYSPLIT model. We used in situ measurements and satellite images of the Copernicus and Giovanni NASA platforms and they were compared with the different runs of the model to evaluate its effectiveness. The results obtained showed that although making measurements of particulate matter is always the first option, it can be affirmed that the use of models of transport and dispersion of pollutants, specifically the HYSPLIT model, are relevant for the estimation of atmospheric pollution by particulate matter in Havana.

RESUMEN En Cuba no existen redes de monitoreo de calidad del aire. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la contaminación atmosférica por material particulado (PM) en La Habana mediante el empleo del modelo HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model). Utilizamos mediciones in situ e imágenes satelitales de las plataformas Copernicus y Giovanni NASA (Administración Nacional de Aeronáutica y el Espacio) y fueron comparadas con las diferentes corridas realizadas del modelo para evaluar la efectividad del mismo. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que, aunque realizar mediciones de material particulado siempre es la primera opción se puede afirmar que el empleo de modelos de transporte y dispersión de contaminantes, en específico del modelo HYSPLIT, son pertinentes para la estimación de la contaminación atmosférica por material particulado en La Habana.

Abstract In reproductive technologies, uncovering the molecular aspects of oocyte and embryo competence under different conditions is crucial for refining protocols and enhancing efficiency. RNA-seq generates high-throughput data and provides transcriptomes that can undergo additional computational analyses. This study presented the transcriptomic profiles of in vitro matured oocytes and blastocysts produced in vitro from buffalo crossbred (Bubalus bubalis), coupled with gene co-expression and module preservation analysis. Cumulus Oophorus Complexes, obtained from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries, were subjected to in vitro maturation to yield metaphase II oocytes (616) or followed in vitro fertilization and culture to yield blastocysts for sequencing (526). Oocyte maturation (72%, ±3.34 sd) and embryo development (21.3%, ±4.18 sd) rates were obtained from three in vitro embryo production routines following standard protocols. Sequencing of 410 metaphase II oocytes and 70 hatched blastocysts (grade 1 and 2) identified a total of 13,976 genes, with 62% being ubiquitously expressed (8,649). Among them, the differentially expressed genes (4,153) and the strongly variable genes with the higher expression (fold-change above 11) were highlighted in oocytes (BMP15, UCHL1, WEE1, NLRPs, KPNA7, ZP2, and ZP4) and blastocysts (APOA1, KRT18, ANXA2, S100A14, SLC34A2, PRSS8 and ANXA2) as representative indicators of molecular quality. Additionally, genes exclusively found in oocytes (224) and blastocysts (2,200) with specific biological functions were identified. Gene co-expression network and module preservation analysis revealed strong preservation of functional modules related to exosome components, steroid metabolism, cell proliferation, and morphogenesis. However, cell cycle and amino acid transport modules exhibited weak preservation, which may reflect differences in embryo development kinetics and the activation of cell signaling pathways between buffalo and bovine. This comprehensive transcriptomic profile serves as a valuable resource for assessing the molecular quality of buffalo oocytes and embryos in future in vitro embryo production assays. technologies efficiency RNAseq RNA seq highthroughput high throughput analyses Bubalus bubalis, bubalis , bubalis) coexpression co Complexes slaughterhousederived slaughterhouse derived ovaries 616 (616 526. 526 . (526) 72%, 72 (72% 334 3 34 ±3.3 sd 21.3%, 213 21 (21.3% 418 4 18 ±4.1 41 7 grade 2 13976 13 976 13,97 62 8,649. 8649 8,649 8 649 (8,649) them 4,153 4153 153 (4,153 foldchange fold change 11 BMP15, BMP15 BMP (BMP15 UCHL1 UCHL WEE1 WEE NLRPs KPNA7 KPNA ZP2 ZP ZP4 APOA1, APOA1 APOA (APOA1 KRT18 KRT ANXA2 ANXA S100A14 SA S A SLC34A2 SLCA SLC PRSS Additionally 224 (224 2,200 2200 200 (2,200 components metabolism proliferation morphogenesis However bovine assays 61 (61 52 (526 72% (72 33 ±3. 21.3% (21.3 ±4. 1397 97 13,9 6 864 8,64 64 (8,649 4,15 415 15 (4,15 BMP1 (BMP1 (APOA KRT1 S100A1 SLC34A 22 (22 2,20 220 20 (2,20 (6 5 (52 (7 ±3 21.3 (21. ±4 139 9 13, 86 8,6 (8,64 4,1 (4,1 (BMP S100A (2 2,2 (2,2 ( (5 ± 21. (21 8, (8,6 4, (4, 2, (2, (8, (4 (8

Abstract The article analyzes the integration between the underground railway (Metro) and private buses in Santiago de Chile during the dictatorship and the first years of the return to democracy. With two lines in operation during this period, the Metro did not cover the extension or the mobility needs of people, who used mostly surface transportation due offered greater coverage and lower fare costs compared to the subway. Externalities such as congestion and pollution together with the underutilization of the Metro, promoted the creation of public-private intermodal networks through surface routes and fare integration measures, direct precedents for the redesign of collective transport policies applied later. Observing this planning experience, the text delves into the organization of the activity in a context of economic liberalization and deregulatory policies together with its urban impacts on the construction of a metropolitan space.

Resumen El artículo analiza la integración entre ferrocarril subterráneo (Metro) y autobuses particulares en Santiago de Chile durante la dictadura y los primeros años del retorno a la democracia. Con dos líneas operativas durante este periodo, el Metro no cubría la extensión ni las necesidades de movilidad de la ciudad, que utilizaba mayoritariamente el transporte de superficie, y ofrecía mayor cobertura con menores costos tarifarios comparados con el subterráneo. Externalidades como la congestión y contaminación junto con la subutilización del Metro, impulsaron la creación de redes intermodales público privadas materializadas en recorridos de superficie y medidas de integración tarifaria, antecedentes directos para el rediseño de las políticas al transporte colectivo aplicadas posteriormente. Observando esta experiencia de planificación, el texto ahonda en la ordenación de la actividad en un contexto de liberalización económica y políticas desregulatorias junto a sus impactos urbanos en la construcción de un espacio metropolitano.

Resumo O artigo analisa a integração entre o metrô e os ônibus privados em Santiago do Chile durante a ditadura e os primeiros anos do retorno à democracia. Com duas linhas em operação nesse período, o Metrô não cobria a extensão e nem as necessidades de mobilidade das pessoas, que utilizavam majoritariamente o transporte de superfície, porque oferecia maior cobertura e menor custo tarifário em relação ao metrô. Externalidades como congestionamento e poluição, aliadas à subutilização do Metrô, promoveram a criação de redes intermodais público-privadas por meio de rotas de superfície e medidas de integração tarifária, antecedentes diretos para o redesenho das políticas de transporte público aplicadas posteriormente. Observando essa experiência de planejamento, o texto aprofunda a organização da atividade em um contexto de liberalização econômica e políticas de desregulamentação e seus impactos urbanos na construção de um espaço metropolitano.

BACKGROUND: In today's interconnected global economy, logistics and supply chain management are pivotal in facilitating the movement of goods and services across regions. Supply chains have become increasingly complex, involving multiple stakeholders, diverse transportation modes, and intricate global networks. The efficient management of these supply chains has emerged as a critical determinant of competitiveness and economic growth for businesses and nations. OBJECTIVES: The study aims to analyse the level of intermodal connectivity and how it enhances the functionality of a regional logistics hub using Namibia as a case study. METHOD: The research study adopted a mixed-method design, collecting data through interviews, questionnaires, and documentary analysis to examine intermodal connectivity and its impact on the functionality of the Namibian regional logistics hub RESULTS: The study's key findings reveal a fragmented railway system and a significant reliance on road transportation within the Namibian transport system. The level of intermodality is found to be low, indicating limited connectivity and integration between different modes of transport in Namibia. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the need to address the fragmentation within the railway system, reduce the heavy reliance on road transportation, and improve intermodal connectivity to enhance the functionality and efficiency of the Namibian transport system CONTRIBUTION: This research contributes to the existing knowledge of transportation and logistics hubs within the Namibian context. By exploring the role of intermodal connectivity, the study builds upon the theoretical frameworks of transport geography, logistics management, and infrastructure planning.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the impact of socio-economic variables influencing the provision of basic skills for navigating the challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR OBJECTIVES: The study aims to describe the variables underpinning this study, using statistical analysis and quantitative measurement as displayed in Table 1. It also investigates the role of socio-economic variables, using a Chi-Square test and Multinomial Logistic Regression techniques, in the provision of basic skills for handling direct and indirect challenges of the 4IR. Further, it attempts to provide recommendations, based on research findings, on strategies for ensuring that long-distance truck drivers are well-equipped with the necessary skills for meeting the demands of the 4IR METHOD: The study utilised a quantitative research method. A multinomial regression model was used to describe long-distance truck driver data collected in South Africa. A total of 314 participants completed the questionnaire RESULTS: Results revealed that variables such as driver's education level, frequency of route usage, company type, and driver's work location are significant predictors in predicting whether a given truck driver possesses basic skills for handling the challenges of the 4IR. This finding holds significant practical implications, as it allows for targeted interventions and tailored strategies aimed at effectively addressing the identified predictors to encourage the desired response of having long-distance truck drivers equipped with essential 4IR skills CONCLUSION: This study contributes to the body of knowledge regarding factors affecting long-distance truck drivers in getting basic 4IR skills essential for them to properly implement new technologies arising in the haulage trucking industry CONTRIBUTION: It documents the experiences of long-distance truck drivers in the face of newly emerging technologies in the transport industry

Abstract This article addresses the issue of violence against women in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, problematizing the effectiveness of state interventions in the protection of women in cases of gender violence. The research hypothesis is that social isolation and the difficulties faced during the pandemic have intensified women's vulnerability, requiring greater government attention. The deductive method was used and, as a methodological procedure, a literature review was performed in repositories, such as Google Scholar, Scielo, and database of theses and dissertations with inclusion terms: violence against women; family violence; coronavirus; Covid-19; law 11.340 and protection of the State. The relevance of the present study lies in the fact that the vulnerability of women has greatly increased in the scenario of the global pandemic, since social isolation measures have contributed in various ways to worsen this situation, requiring even more attention from the government in the prevention and punishment of aggressors. It was possible to conclude through the present study that the pandemic has brought social and financial problems to millions of people around the world and that the social isolation imposed to reduce their risks, has aggravated female violence, whose cases of underreporting were even more evident by the difficulty of access to public transport, lack of foster care options and dependence on the spouse. The situation could be minimized with greater commitment from the State, more efficient communication, which could be done through social networks, and more measured actions by the Brazilian Judiciary in favor of the release and protection of bandits, who will fatally represent a greater risk of the occurrence of violence and femicide when they return to their companions.

Resumo O presente artigo aborda a questão da violência contra as mulheres no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19, problematizando a efetividade das intervenções estatais na proteção da mulher em casos de violência de gênero. A hipótese de pesquisa é que o isolamento social e as dificuldades enfrentadas durante a pandemia intensificaram a vulnerabilidade das mulheres, exigindo maior atenção do governo. Empregou-se o método dedutivo e como procedimento metodológico, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura em repositórios como Google Acadêmico, Scielo e banco de teses e dissertações com termos de inclusão: violência contra a mulher; violência familiar; coronavírus; covid-19; lei 11.340 e proteção do Estado. A relevância do presente estudo está no fato de que a vulnerabilidade da mulher aumentou muito no cenário da pandemia mundial, uma vez que medidas de isolamento social contribuíram de diversas maneiras para que esta situação se agravasse, requerendo ainda mais atenção por parte do governo na prevenção e punição dos agressores. Foi possível concluir através do presente estudo que a pandemia trouxe problemas sociais e de ordem financeira para milhões de pessoas em todo mundo, e que o isolamento social imposta como forma de reduzir os seus riscos, agravou a violência feminina, cujos casos de subnotificação ficaram ainda mais evidentes pela dificuldade de acesso aos transportes públicos, falta de opções de acolhimento e dependência do conjugue. A situação poderia ser minimizada com maior comprometimento do Estado, comunicação mais eficiente, a qual poderia ser feita através das redes sociais, e ações mais comedidas por parte do judiciário brasileiro em prol da soltura e proteção de bandidos, os quais fatalmente representarão maior risco da ocorrência de violência e feminicídio ao voltarem para suas companheiras.

Resumen: En la actualidad las tuberías son el principal método de transporte de fluidos de un lugar a otro, dentro de una planta industrial. La presente investigación estudia la configuración de tuberías de un sistema de bombas de transporte de hidrocarburo. Se realizó una investigación para identificar las diferentes cargas presentes en diseños de los sistemas de bombas, debido a efectos de peso propio y térmicos operativos, con el fin de reducir los esfuerzos, desplazamientos que actúan en las tuberías, garantizando su integridad mecánica y la seguridad de los equipos y del personal de la planta, considerando diferentes escenarios de presión y temperatura. El desarrollo y análisis del modelo se ha realizado en el software especializado Bently AutoPIPE en condiciones estáticas, utilizando agua de producción como fluido de trabajo, los datos operativos de temperatura y presión son 100 °F y 320 psi respectivamente. Para el análisis, se emplearon dos modelos de configuración; tuberías con sistema rígido y flexible, permitiendo comparar resultados y validar que los esfuerzos en tuberías y boquillas de bombas se encuentren dentro de las cargas admisibles de acuerdo con las normas ASME B31.3 y API 610. Con base en los resultados del análisis, los esfuerzos en sostenido y térmicos son 16.3 y 14.4 ksi, valores que representan aproximadamente el 75 % del esfuerzo máximo de la norma respectiva de tuberías o boquillas de equipos rotatorios, como también al desarrollo de un diseño seguro, confiable y que se encuentre dentro de los presupuestos del proyecto.

Abstract: Pipelines are currently the main method of transporting fluids from one place to another within an industrial plant. The present investigation studies the piping configuration of a hydrocarbon transport pump system. An investigation was carried out to identify the different loads present in pump system designs due to self-weight and thermal operating effects to reduce the stresses and displacements exerting on the piping, ensuring its mechanical integrity and the safety of plant equipment and personnel, considering different pressure and temperature scenarios. The model development and analysis was performed in the specialized Bently AutoPIPE software under static conditions, using produced water as the working fluid.; the operating temperature and pressure data are 100 °F and 320 psi, respectively. For the analysis, two configuration models were used pipes with rigid and flexible system, allowing to compare results and validate that the stresses in pipes and pumps nozzles are within the allowable loads according to ASME B31.3 and API 610 standards. Based on the analysis results, the sustained and thermal stresses are 16.3 and 14.4 ksi, values that represent approximately 75 % of the maximum stress of the respective standard for piping or rotating equipment nozzles, as well as the development of a safe, reliable design within the project budget.

Abstract The advent of the 5th generation of mobile networks brought a large number of new use case and applications to be supported by the physical layer (PHY), which must be more flexible than all previous radio access networks (RAN). The concept of the centralized RAN (C-RAN) allows all the baseband processing to be performed in the central office, simplifying the network deployment and also allowing the operators to dynamically control the PHY according with the applications requirements. The radio-frequency (RF) signal generated by the C-RAN can be transported to the remote radio unit (RRU) by using a radio over fiber (RoF) system. In this paper, we propose two RoF approaches for composing the transport and access networks of the next-generation systems. The first investigation relies on the implementation of a machine learning-based digital pre-distortion (DPD), designed for RoF systems. In the second approach, we implement an RoF system and characterize the optical and electrical power levels aiming to reduce the RoF non-linear distortions. The overall link performance is evaluated by measuring the error vector magnitude (EVMRMS) and 590 Mbit/s is achieved with EVMRMS as low as 4.4% in a 10 m reach cell. th PHY, , (PHY) RAN. . (RAN) CRAN C (C-RAN office requirements radiofrequency frequency RF (RF RRU (RRU (RoF paper nextgeneration next systems learningbased learning based predistortion pre distortion DPD, DPD (DPD) approach nonlinear non linear distortions (EVMRMS 59 Mbits Mbit s 44 4 4.4 1 cell (PHY (RAN (DPD 5 4.

BACKGROUND: The business environment is increasingly becoming volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) because of globalisation, increased competition, random consumer tastes changes and environmental factors. Traditional procurement strategies are becoming increasingly redundant because of the volatility of the global business environment. The market has thus called for increased agility to conquer the VUCA nature of the supply chain environment. OBJECTIVES: The study sought to examine the role that e-procurement plays in augmenting the agility of supply chains. The four determinants of e-procurement, that is, e-design, e-sourcing, e-evaluation and e-negotiation, were linked directly with supply chain agility METHOD: A census approach was taken to gather data from 219 supply chain and procurement employees of Zimbabwe's telecommunications and technology industry. A self-administered survey questionnaire was used based on a scientifically developed and validated supply chain agility measurement scale from the extant literature. RESULTS: Using structural equation modelling (SEM), the study's results confirmed that e-procurement significantly predicts supply chain agility. All determinants of e-procurement were statistically significantly explaining supply chain agility in a volatile business environment CONCLUSION: The study concludes that e-procurement augments the agility of the supply chain in volatile business environments, as e-procurement can increase swiftness and agility as it fosters ubiquitous business processes on a seamless real-time basis. It emerged from the study that the supply chain vulnerabilities volatile industries face could be eliminated through supply chain agility, augmented through e-procurement systems. The study's findings also implore supply network members from upstream to downstream to adopt e-procurement. CONTRIBUTION: The study has practical implications for all supply network members from upstream to downstream. It implores these members to adopt e-procurement to revive supply networks amid environmental volatility and alleviate miscommunication. Study also offers theoretical implications for e-procurement and supply chain management. The study also contributes to the body of knowledge by extending the existing theories on e-procurement and supply chains in the context of environmental volatility.

Abstract: This research study seeks to compare the conditions of geographical accessibility on motor transport modes between two-time frames (peak hour and off-peak hour) to assess the possible relationship between them. Accessibility conditions may represent a specific time or a time frame and not the city’s overall state, depending on the moment the operating speed information is gathered. A direct comparison allows identifying changes in accessibility conditions according to existing infrastructural networks and the time frame examined. The results show city areas where accessibility conditions are more favorable during peak hour than during off-peak hour. It is concluded that defining transport schedules when making field measurements is an important parameter that must be considered to obtain unbiased results.

Resumen: La presente investigación busca comparar las condiciones de accesibilidad geográfica en modos motorizados de transporte entre dos franjas horarias (hora pico y hora valle) identificando la relación entre estas. Según el momento en el que se recolecte la información de velocidades en la vía es posible que las condiciones de accesibilidad representen un instante de tiempo o franja horaria y no el escenario general de la ciudad. Se realiza una comparación que permite identificar el cambio en dichas condiciones según la oferta infraestructural y la franja de tiempo estudiada. Como resultado, se identificaron las zonas de la ciudad en las que las condiciones de accesibilidad eran más favorables durante la hora pico que durante la hora valle. Se concluye que al momento de realizar mediciones en campo, la definición de los horarios de éstos se convierte en un parámetro importante que debe ser tenido en cuenta para no obtener un resultado sesgado.

Abstract Forecasting vehicle traffic flow is considered an important input for traffic planning and management for the countries' intelligent transport systems (ITS). This article analyzes the hourly flow of light vehicle traffic that drives in highway 27 of Costa Rica in one direction (San JoseCaldera). The data collected by the ITS of the route is used to forecast the behavior of hourly vehicular traffic. For this, three forecasting methods are proposed, which are compared to select the model with best performance: Seasonal Arima (SARIMA), Seasonal Naïve (SNAIVE), and Autoregression with Neural Network (NNAR). All three models are evaluated and are considered useful for prediction, however the NNAR model results in better performance when forecasting the hourly time series with the lowest MAPE of 9.4 and is consider a candidate for use in ITS. By applying the cross-validation process in the models, the conclusion is supported that as the NNAR is tested for more days, the prediction results are more stable and accurate.

Resumen El pronóstico de flujo de tráfico vehicular se considera un insumo importante para la gestión y planificación de tráfico para los sistemas de transporte inteligente (STI) de los países. En este artículo se analiza el flujo horario del tráfico de vehículos livianos que circulan en un sentido de la Ruta 27 (San José-Caldera) en Costa Rica. Se aprovechan los datos recolectados por los STI de la ruta para pronosticar el comportamiento de tráfico vehicular horario. Para ello, se proponen tres métodos de predicción, los cuales se comparan para seleccionar el modelo de mejor rendimiento: Arima Estacional (SARIMA), Ingenuo Estacional (SNAIVE)y Autoregresión con Redes Neuronales (NNAR). Los tres modelos de predicción son evaluados y se consideran útiles a la predicción, sin embargo, el modelo de NNAR tiene como resultado un mejor rendimiento al pronosticar la serie de tiempo por hora, teniendo como resultado el menor MAPE de 9.4 y se considera un candidato para ser utilizado en los STI. Al aplicar el proceso de validación cruzada en los modelos, se respalda la conclusión que conforme se prueba el modelo NNAR para más días los resultados de la predicción son más estables y precisos.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on society and its management a challenge for States. It became a laboratory for the study of the relations between the State and the Society. Although the nation states made an effort to generate homogeneous policies, their application in the territory was not linear and depended on their adaptation to the contexts. The theoretical and conceptual discussions on intergovernmental relations, public policy networks and the territorialization of public policies are reformulated in the light of new and changing evidence. The objective of this article is to analyze the process of territorialization of public policies in San Carlos de Bariloche during 2020 in two sectors: habitat and public transport. The research is based on secondary information sources, analyzing available public information, regulations, and journalistic sources. The article seeks to make a contribution to the discussion on the implementation of public policies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the challenges it implies for the relations between the State and Society, and the importance that the territory acquires as a structuring dimension of Social relations. The pandemic revealed the limits of the process of implementing public policies by the National State, within the framework of a structure of intergovernmental relations that limited its impact.

Resumen La pandemia de COVID-19 significó un impacto mayúsculo para la sociedad y su gestión un desafío para los Estados. Se convirtió en un laboratorio para el estudio de las relaciones entre el Estado y la Sociedad. Si bien los Estados nacionales se esforzaron en generar políticas homogéneas, su aplicación en el territorio no fue lineal y dependió de su adaptación a los contextos. Las discusiones teóricas y conceptuales sobre relaciones intergubernamentales, redes de políticas públicas y territorialización de las políticas públicas se reformulan a la luz de nueva y cambiante evidencia. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el proceso de territorialización de las políticas públicas en San Carlos de Bariloche durante 2020 en dos sectores: hábitat y transporte público. La investigación se basa en fuentes de información secundaria, analizando información pública disponible, normativas, y fuentes periodísticas. El artículo busca hacer una contribución a la discusión sobre la implementación de políticas públicas en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19, los desafíos que implica para las relaciones entre el Estado y Sociedad, y la importancia que adquiere el territorio como dimensión estructurante de las relaciones sociales. La pandemia puso de manifiesto los límites del proceso de implementación de políticas públicas por parte del Estado Nacional, en el marco de una estructura de relaciones intergubernamentales que acotaron su impacto.

Resumen: En el Foro Internacional de Transporte 2014, se estableció que “los puertos, cruces fronterizos y centros industriales clave en México están bien conectados”. Bajo esta premisa se analizó la red ferroviaria mexicana aplicando el enfoque de redes complejas; a través de las correspondientes medidas de desempeño se determina la relevancia o centralidad de las estaciones; posteriormente se analiza la robustez frente a ataques dirigidos y frente a fallas aleatorias. Se encontraron datos interesantes como la identificación de un grupo de nodos que contienen 19 % de las rutas más cortas, entre estos nodos destacan dos ciudades importantes, la mayoría se encuentran en el centro de México, aunque destaca uno localizado en el noroeste del país. También se observa que en la red mexicana la distancia entre las estaciones presenta poca variación. Este trabajo es de interés para los responsables de la administración y planificación de sistemas de transporte al dar una visión más completa al analizar la estructura de una red ferroviaria.

Abstract: At the 2014 International Transport Forum, it was established that "ports, border crossings and key industrial centers in Mexico are well connected". Under this premise, the Mexican rail network was analyzed applying the complex networks approach; through the corresponding performance measures, the relevance of the stations was determined; then the robustness against targeted attacks and against random failures was analyzed. The nodes degree follows an exponential probability distribution; it was identified a set of nodes that controls 19 % of the shortest routes; two cities are included in the set; five nodes are closest to the rest of nodes; the same two cities are also included in the set. Through the closeness centrality we observed that in the Mexican network the distance between the stations shows low variability. The network is sensitive to attacks directed to the nodes with the highest betweenness value; the number of components increases faster compared to random failures. This work is of interest to those responsible for the management and planning of transport systems.