A profissionalização da política e da governança é essencial para o desenvolvimento de instituições democráticas eficazes, transparentes e voltadas para a comunidade. A pesquisa analisou a influência da profissionalização política na governança municipal e na governabilidade em um distrito do Equador. A metodologia qualitativa exploratória e descritiva incluiu entrevistas semiestruturadas com 12 atores-chave como amostra do estudo, análise temática por meio de codificação e construção de redes semânticas usando o software Atlas.ti 24 para codificar as respostas em categorias como integridade profissional, corrupção, transparência e responsabilidade. Os resultados mostram que, embora a profissionalização política possa melhorar a eficiência administrativa e a transparência, ela enfrenta desafios como a resistência à mudança e a desconexão com a realidade do cidadão. Práticas negativas, como tráfico de influência e lavagem de dinheiro, tornam-se obstáculos críticos à governança eficaz, enquanto a educação e o treinamento em ética são componentes essenciais para fortalecer a capacidade dos agentes políticos. Para garantir uma gestão pública transparente e vantajosa para todos, recomenda-se que os profissionais políticos combinem o treinamento técnico adequado com uma sólida base ética.

La profesionalización de la política y la gobernanza resultan fundamentales para el desarrollo de instituciones democráticas eficaces, transparentes y orientadas a la comunidad. La investigación efectuada analizó influencia de la profesionalización política en la gobernanza y gobernabilidad municipal en un distrito de Ecuador. La metodología cualitativa de tipo exploratoria y descriptiva incluyó entrevistas semiestructuradas a 12 actores claves como muestra de estudio, análisis temático a través de la codificación y construcción de redes semánticas mediante el software Atlas.ti 24, para codificar las respuestas en categorías como integridad profesional, corrupción, transparencia y rendición de cuentas. Los resultados muestran que, si bien la profesionalización política puede mejorar la eficiencia administrativa y la transparencia, se enfrenta a retos como la resistencia al cambio y la desconexión con la realidad ciudadana. Las prácticas negativas, como el tráfico de influencias y el blanqueo de dinero, devienen obstáculos críticos para una gobernanza eficaz, mientras que la educación y la formación ética son componentes esenciales para reforzar la capacidad de los actores políticos. Para garantizar una gestión pública transparente y beneficiosa para todos, se recomienda que los profesionales de la política combinen una formación técnica adecuada, con una sólida base ética.

The professionalization of politics and governance is essential for the development of effective, transparent and community-oriented democratic institutions The research analyzed the influence of political professionalization on municipal governance and governability in a district in Ecuador. The exploratory and descriptive qualitative methodology included semi-structured interviews with 12 key actors as a study sample, thematic analysis through coding and construction of semantic networks using Atlas.ti 24 software to code responses in categories such as professional integrity, corruption, transparency and accountability. The results show that while political professionalization can improve administrative efficiency and transparency, it faces challenges such as resistance to change and disconnection with citizen reality. Negative practices, such as influence peddling and money laundering, are critical obstacles to effective governance, while education and ethics training are essential components to strengthen the capacity of political actors. To ensure transparent and win-win governance, it is recommended that political professionals combine appropriate technical training with a solid ethical foundation.

Este estudio analiza la evolución del papel de la Presidencia del Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) en Brasil, resaltando su creciente influencia política e institucional. La investigación examina cómo los presidentes del STF pasaron de un rol principalmente ceremonial a una posición de liderazgo estratégico. La pregunta central es: ¿cómo ejerce la Presidencia del STF su representación institucional y qué factores determinan su actuación? El estudio analiza las agendas oficiales de los presidentes del STF entre 2001 y 2021, identificando tendencias y variaciones en su desempeño. Los resultados indican que el perfil personal de los ministros y el contexto político influyen en el grado de protagonismo de la presidencia. El estudio propone una tipología de las presidencias del STF, clasificándolas en modelos ceremoniales, negociadores, independientes y protagonistas. La conclusión destaca que la Presidencia del STF se ha convertido en un actor político clave, con un papel estratégico en la gobernabilidad y la mediación entre poderes. Esta transformación refleja la creciente judicialización de la política y la necesidad de mayor transparencia y articulación del Poder Judicial.

This study examines the evolving role of the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) presidency, emphasizing its growing political and institutional influence. The research explores how STF presidents have expanded their role from a primarily ceremonial function to one of significant leadership. The main research question is: how does the STF presidency exercise institutional representation, and what factors shape its role? The study analyzes the official agendas of STF presidents from 2001 to 2021, identifying trends and variations in presidential actions. Findings suggest that both the personal profiles of justices and the broader political context directly impact the presidency’s degree of influence. The study proposes a typology of STF presidencies, categorizing them into ceremonial, negotiating, independent, and leading models. The conclusion highlights that the STF presidency has become a key political player, strategically mediating governance and intergovernmental relations. This institutional transformation reflects the increasing judicialization of politics and the demand for greater transparency and engagement from the judiciary.

Este estudo analisa a evolução do papel da Presidência do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) no Brasil, destacando sua crescente relevância política e institucional. A pesquisa investiga como os presidentes do STF ampliaram sua influência, saindo de uma função predominantemente cerimonial para uma posição de grande protagonismo. A principal pergunta de pesquisa é: como a presidência do STF exerce sua representação institucional e quais fatores determinam sua atuação? O estudo utiliza a análise das agendas institucionais dos presidentes entre 2001 e 2021 para identificar padrões e variações na atuação presidencial. Os resultados indicam que o perfil dos ministros e o contexto político influenciam diretamente o grau de protagonismo da presidência. O estudo propõe uma tipologia das presidências do STF, classificando-as em modelos cerimoniais, negociadores, independentes e protagonistas. A conclusão aponta que a presidência do STF se tornou um ator político central, desempenhando um papel estratégico na governabilidade e na mediação entre os poderes. Essa transformação institucional reflete a crescente judicialização da política e a necessidade de maior transparência e articulação por parte do Judiciário.

Abstract: Cultural actions in the editorial, educational and cultural dissemination spheres could occur virtually, expanding their scope in terms of their social, educational and cultural role in relation to the archival function. The general objective of this investigation was to analyze digital cultural action services in public archives in the capitals, located in the northeast region of Brazil. The research was exploratory and descriptive in nature with a qualitative approach. Sixty websites of archival institutions located in the nine capitals of the Brazilian Northeast, which are listed in the National Registry of Entities Holding Archival Collections and in the Brazilian Directory of Archives, were analyzed. Data collection was supplemented by a bibliographic survey in the Reference Database of Articles from Journals in Information Science and in GoogleScholar, and a questionnaire applied to the institutions via GoogleForms. From this survey, a table and graphs were generated, which were analyzed based on the reading and interpretation of specialized literature. As a result, it was observed that the archives investigated, for the most part, do not work with activities aimed at digital cultural actions; only eighteen institutions, even after the pandemic. Without a doubt, the internet was an important tool in this period as a form of communication, but archives still focus on organizational and storage activities, depriving them of their cultural and educational nature. It was found that the administration needs to implement strategies regarding the use of technology in archival institutions in favor of the dissemination of collections and the promotion of knowledge, through the websites of archival institutions. It is concluded that digital cultural action can be used as a tool to ensure the popularization and access to the documentary heritage of archives for the relevance of dissemination services. The lack of implementation of these policies in archival practice, even after a post-pandemic period, demonstrates the need for public managers to review their actions, suggesting that the archives studied use the Access to Memory software as an access and dissemination/active transparency platform.

Resumo: As ações culturais em âmbito editorial, educativo e de difusão cultural poderiam ocorrer de modo virtual, ampliando o seu escopo quanto ao seu papel social, educacional e cultural no tocante à função arquivística. Essa investigação teve como objetivo geral analisar os serviços de ação cultural digital nos arquivos públicos das capitais, localizados na região nordeste do Brasil. A pesquisa foi de natureza exploratória e descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. Foram analisados sessenta sites de instituições arquivísticas localizadas nas nove capitais do Nordeste brasileiro, que constam no Cadastro Nacional de Entidade Custodiadora de Acervos Arquivísticos e no Diretório Brasil de Arquivos. A coleta de dados foi acrescida de levantamento de bibliografia na Base de Dados Referenciais de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação e no GoogleScholar e de questionário aplicado às instituições via GoogleForms. Por meio desse levantamento, foram gerados um quadro e vários gráficos, analisados com base na leitura e na interpretação de literatura especializada. Como resultados, observou-se que os arquivos investigados, em sua maioria, não trabalham com atividades voltadas para ações culturais digitais; apenas dezoito instituições, mesmo com a pós-pandemia. Sem dúvida, a internet foi uma ferramenta importante neste período como forma de comunicação. Contudo, os arquivos ainda se centram nas atividades de organização e de guarda, privando-os de sua natureza cultural e educacional. Constou-se que a administração necessita implementar estratégias quanto ao uso da tecnologia em instituições arquivísticas em prol da difusão dos acervos e da promoção do conhecimento, através dos sites das instituições arquivísticas. Conclui-se que a ação cultural digital pode ser usada como ferramenta para garantir a popularização e o acesso ao patrimônio documental dos arquivos para a relevância dos serviços de difusão. A falta de execução dessas políticas na prática arquivística, mesmo depois de um período pós-pandemia, demonstra a necessidade dos gestores públicos em revisar suas ações, sugerindo aos arquivos estudados o uso do software Access to Memory como plataforma de acesso e de difusão/transparência ativa.

Over the last two decades, metabolomics has emerged as a pivotal tool in multidisciplinary research, providing invaluable insights into metabolome modulations and finding applications across various scientific domains, including medicine and agronomy. Nonetheless, the absence of standardized procedures in sample preparation, data acquisition, and documentation of data quality presents a significant challenge. This review underscores the critical importance of quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) in untargeted metabolomics, advocating for the establishment of agreed-upon QA/QC reporting standards within the scientific community. We discuss the requisite quality controls at various stages of untargeted metabolomics studies, encompassing blank samples, pooled samples, and the utilization of external quality control samples. Methods for assessing accuracy, reproducibility, and identifying/correcting batch effects are addressed. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on standardizing the description of QA/QC data in scientific publications and repositories to foster reproducibility and transparency. We recommend the publication of QC data alongside studies in appropriate databases to facilitate data comparison and sharing among researchers, thereby enhancing the quality of untargeted metabolomics research. In summary, implementing standardized QA/QC data reporting, along with promoting best practices within the untargeted metabolomics community, is crucial for improving result quality and credibility and advancing research utilizing this powerful technique. decades domains agronomy Nonetheless preparation acquisition challenge QAQC QA (QA/QC agreedupon agreed upon community samples accuracy identifyingcorrecting identifying correcting addressed Furthermore transparency researchers summary technique

BACKGROUND: Results-based management (RBM) aims to enhance accountability, transparency and effectiveness in the allocation and utilisation of resources. In the not-for-profit sector, particularly among non-governmental organisations (NGOs), RBM has been pivotal in ensuring interventions are aligned with organisational goals and community needs, thereby maximising impact. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted the not-for-profit sector in Zimbabwe by causing unprecedented challenges such as restrictions on movement, supply chain disruptions and economic downturns. OBJECTIVES: This study examines the impact of the pandemic on the implementation of RBM within the not-for-profit sector in Zimbabwe. METHOD: A concurrent mixed methods approach was employed, using a survey of 190 not-for-profit organisations (NPOs), in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with NPO staff. RESULTS: The findings reveal essential influences of COVID-19 on NPOs' ability to implement RBM, identifying key factors influencing effectiveness during the pandemic, including organisational flexibility, donor support and communication strategies. Additionally, it highlights the need for strengthened capacities, such as data analysis skills and potentially adjusted incentive structures to support effective RBM. CONCLUSION: The study underscores the inherent challenges of RBM during a crisis, including uncertainty, competing priorities and the potential focus on short-term relief. CONTRIBUTION: This research contributes to a greater understanding of the challenges and opportunities for NPOs implementing RBM during a global crisis. The findings offer valuable insights for NPOs, donors and policymakers to strengthen RBM practices and ensure continued effectiveness in achieving impactful results.

Resumo Um dos principais desafios enfrentados pela antropologia forense no contexto da crise humanitária no México é fornecer soluções que ajudem a aumentar o número de identificações humanas. Para que as soluções sejam eficazes, as propostas devem incentivar a colaboração entre diversos atores e beneficiar tanto os usuários finais do conhecimento produzido quanto as pessoas afetadas. Nesse contexto, é essencial abordar quaisquer problemas de comunicação existentes entre esses atores. Nesta contribuição, reflito sobre o papel da transparência científica como uma possível intervenção para melhorar o fluxo de informações dentro da antropologia forense. Considero como isso, por sua vez, poderia facilitar o desenvolvimento de sistemas distribuídos de produção de conhecimento cujo diálogo eventualmente permita o envolvimento das diferentes instâncias ou grupos interessados na identificação humana. Além disso, abordo os dilemas éticos que podem surgir do uso da transparência como base para a troca de informações na disciplina. Finalmente, proponho uma reflexão sobre as estratégias de curto e longo prazo para enfrentar esses dilemas e garantir a implementação ética e sustentada dessa prática no contexto acadêmico.

Abstract One of the main challenges of forensic anthropology in the context of the current humanitarian crisis in Mexico is to provide solutions that help increase the number of human identifications. For these solutions to be effective, proposals must incentivize collaboration among diverse actors and benefit both the end users of the produced knowledge and the affected individuals. In this context, it is essential to address any existing communication problems among these actors. In this contribution, I reflect on the role of scientific transparency as a possible intervention to improve the flow of information within forensic anthropology. I consider how this, in turn, could facilitate the development of distributed knowledge production systems whose dialogue eventually allows for the involvement of different instances or groups interested in human identification. Additionally, I address the ethical dilemmas that may arise from using transparency as the basis for information exchange in the discipline. Finally, I propose a reflection on the short and long-term strategies to address these dilemmas and ensure the ethical and sustained implementation of this practice in the academic context.

Resumen Uno de los principales desafíos que enfrenta la antropológica forense en el contexto de la crisis humanitaria en México es aportar soluciones que ayuden a incrementar el número de identificaciones humanas. Para que las soluciones sean efectivas, las propuestas deben incentivar la colaboración entre actores diversos y beneficiar tanto a los usuarios finales del conocimiento producido como a las personas afectadas. En este contexto, es fundamental abordar cualquier problema de comunicación existente entre dichos actores. En esta contribución reflexiono sobre el papel de la transparencia científica como una posible intervención para mejorar el flujo de información dentro de la antropología forense. Considero como esto, a su vez, podría facilitar el desarrollo de sistemas distribuidos de producción de conocimiento cuyo diálogo permita eventualmente involucrar las diferentes instancias o grupos interesados en materia de identificación humana. Así también, abordo los dilemas éticos que podrían surgir del uso de la transparencia como base del intercambio de información en la disciplina. Finalmente, propongo una reflexión de las estrategias a corto y largo plazo para abordar estos dilemas y garantizar la implementación ética y sostenida de esta práctica en el contexto académico.

RESUMEN La evaluación desempeña un papel crucial en todas las etapas educativas al permitir la medición de avances y desafíos en el aprendizaje, alineándose con los estándares específicos para cada nivel y grado. No obstante, históricamente, este proceso se ha centrado principalmente en la verificación de los resultados de aprendizaje según metas preestablecidas, una perspectiva destacada por diversos expertos. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la percepción de los docentes sobre sus prácticas evaluativas y cómo estas difieren según diversas variables sociodemográficas. Este estudio, de naturaleza cuantitativa y descriptiva con un diseño transversal, empleó el cuestionario "Evaluación del Aprendizaje de los Estudiantes (E.A.E)" para analizar las prácticas evaluativas de 102 profesores en la región del Biobío, Chile. Los resultados principales revelaron que los docentes valoran la transparencia en los propósitos evaluativos y muestran una disposición hacia prácticas más inclusivas y reflexivas. Se observó una preferencia por la evaluación escrita y una conciencia de la importancia de la conexión entre la enseñanza y la evaluación. Sin embargo, también surgió una preocupación por la excesiva relevancia otorgada a las calificaciones, señalando posibles sesgos hacia los resultados numéricos en detrimento del proceso formativo.

ABSTRACT Evaluation plays a crucial role in all educational stages, enabling the measurement of progress and challenges in learning while aligning with specific standards for each level and degree. However; historically this process has primarily focused on verifying learning outcomes according to predetermined goals, a perspective emphasized by various experts. The objective of the study was to assess teachers' perceptions of their evaluation practices and how they vary based on sociodemographic variables.This quantitative and descriptive study, employing a cross-sectional design, utilized the "Evaluation of Student Learning (E.A.E)" questionnaire to examine the evaluation practices of 102 teachers in the Biobío region, Chile. The main findings revealed that teachers prioritize transparency in evaluation objectives and demonstrate a more inclusive and reflective approach. A preference for written assessments and an understanding of the vital link between teaching and evaluation were evident. Nevertheless, concerns about the undue emphasis placed on grades also surfaced, highlighting potential biases in numerical results at the expense of the formative process.

RESUMO A avaliação desempenha um papel fundamental em todas as etapas da educação, pois permite a mensuração do progresso e dos desafios na aprendizagem, alinhados a padrões específicos para cada nível e série. Historicamente, porém, esse processo tem se concentrado principalmente na verificação dos resultados da aprendizagem de acordo com metas preestabelecidas, uma perspectiva destacada por vários especialistas. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as percepções dos professores sobre suas práticas de avaliação e como elas diferem de acordo com diversas variáveis sociodemográficas. Este estudo, de natureza quantitativa e descritiva com um desenho transversal, usou o questionário "Evaluation of Student Learning (E.A.E)" para analisar as práticas avaliativas de 102 professores da região de Biobío, no Chile. Os principais resultados revelaram que os professores valorizam a transparência nos propósitos avaliativos e mostram uma disposição para práticas mais inclusivas e reflexivas. Houve uma preferência pela avaliação escrita e uma conscientização sobre a importância da conexão entre ensino e avaliação. No entanto, também houve preocupação com a ênfase excessiva na classificação, apontando para uma possível tendência a resultados numéricos em detrimento

ABSTRACT This article proposes a comprehensive methodology for the evaluation of internal controls in public institutions in Mexico, in order to strengthen management and transparency in the use of resources, to collect and analyze data from various public institutions. The findings reveal critical areas that require immediate attention and offer comparisons with international standards. The correct implementation of a methodology for evaluating internal controls in public institutions is essential to ensure transparency in accountability and avoid possible cases of fraud. These internal controls make it possible to identify risks and detect irregularities, which contributes to protecting public resources and ensuring the welfare of society through their efficient management. It is important to note that the focus on continuous improvement and promotion of an ethical culture in senior management are essential for effective public administration and compliance with legal regulations. In this way, it is possible to optimize processes, increase efficiency and properly fulfill government responsibilities.

RESUMEN El presente artículo propone una metodología integral para la evaluación de controles internos en instituciones públicas en México, con el fin de fortalecer la gestión y la transparencia en el uso de recursos, para recoger y analizar datos de diversas instituciones públicas. Los hallazgos revelan áreas críticas que requieren atención inmediata y ofrecen comparativas con estándares internacionales. La correcta implementación de una metodología de evaluación de controles internos en instituciones públicas es fundamental para asegurar la transparencia en la rendición de cuentas y evitar posibles casos de fraude. Estos controles internos permiten identificar riesgos y detectar irregularidades, lo que contribuye a proteger los recursos públicos y garantizar el bienestar de la sociedad a través de una gestión eficiente de los mismos. Es importante destacar que el enfoque en la mejora continua y la promoción de una cultura ética en la alta dirección son aspectos esenciales para una administración pública efectiva y el cumplimiento de las normativas legales. De esta manera se logra optimizar los procesos, aumentar la eficiencia y cumplir adecuadamente con las responsabilidades gubernamentales.

Resumen Introducción: La laguna Mar Muerto es un ecosistema caracterizado por una gran productividad, de la cual dependen diversos organismos que la habitan; también es un sistema susceptible a impactos ambientales. Por lo anterior, se han desarrollado índices que permiten conocer el grado de alteración por causas naturales y/o antropogénicas. Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de perturbación de la laguna Mar Muerto, mediante un índice de integridad biótica (IBI) basado en la ictiofauna. Métodos: De diciembre 2019 a marzo 2021, se establecieron 12 estaciones de muestreo en la laguna. La elaboración del índice de integridad biótica fue a partir de la recopilación de datos de las variables hidrológicas (salinidad, NO2, NO3, PO4, pH, OD, T, CE, transparencia y SDT) y la clasificación de las especies ícticas según su composición y riqueza; seguido de un índice de calidad de agua y hábitat (ICAH), elaborado a partir de la caracterización y clasificación de las estaciones de muestreo en función de variables fisicoquímicas. La correlación de los dos índices permitió evaluar la efectividad del IBI. Resultados: 65 especies fueron reportadas para la laguna, de las cuales Lile gracilis, Oligoplites altus, Eucinostomus currani y Gerres simillimus se registraron con mayor frecuencia. Sólo la estación 10 presentó una integridad biótica pobre (IBI = 26), el resto presentó un IBI regular (IBI = 30 - 44), siendo la estación nueve la que presentó el valor máximo calculado (IBI = 42). La valoración del IBI de la laguna demostró que ésta presenta una integridad biótica promedio considerada “regular”. Conclusión: A través de este trabajo, se comprobó la funcionalidad del IBI modificado para la laguna Mar Muerto, permitiendo evaluar el grado de conservación presente y compararlo con trabajos previos.

Abstract Introduction: The Mar Muerto lagoon is an ecosystem characterized by high productivity upon which various inhabiting organisms depend. Additionally, it is a system susceptible to environmental impacts. Consequently, indices have been developed to determine the degree of disturbance caused by natural and/or anthropogenic factors. Objective: To assess the degree of disturbance in the Mar Muerto lagoon using a Biotic Integrity Index (BII) based on ichthyofauna. Methods: From December 2019 to March 2021, 12 sampling stations were established in the lagoon. The Biotic Integrity Index was developed by collecting data on hydrological variables (salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity, suspended solids, temperature, nitrites, nitrates, phosphates, and transparency) and classifying fish species based on their composition and richness. This was followed by a Water and Habitat Quality Index (WHQI) derived from the characterization and classification of sampling stations based on physicochemical variables. The correlation of the two indices allowed for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the BII. Results: 65 species were reported for the lagoon, with Lile gracilis, Oligoplites altus, Eucinostomus currani, and Gerres simillimus being the most frequently recorded. Only station 10 exhibited poor biotic integrity (BII = 26), while the rest displayed regular biotic integrity (BII = 30 - 44), with station nine presenting the highest calculated value (BII = 42). The assessment of the lagoon’s BII demonstrated an average biotic integrity considered “regular.” Conclusion: Through this study, the functionality of the modified BII for the Mar Muerto lagoon was verified, allowing for the evaluation of the present conservation status and comparison with previous studies.

RESUMEN El acceso a la información es crucial para la toma de decisiones informadas y la participación ciudadana en los asuntos públicos. El objetivo principal del artículo es analizar los retos que enfrenta Perú en el acceso democrático a la información. Se realizó una revisión documental y análisis de contenido, utilizando las bases de datos Scopus, Scielo, Redalyc y Dialnet. Se identificaron 18 documentos para su revisión y se lograron identificar dos categorías fundamentales en el estudio: a) Marco legal y político para el acceso a la información en el Estado peruano y b) Retos y desafíos en el acceso a la información en Perú. Se concluyó que existen avances importantes en el marco legal y político en el país, pero también retos y desafíos pendientes en este ámbito.

ABSTRACT Access to information is crucial for informed decision-making and citizen participation in public affairs. The main objective of the article is to analyze the challenges faced by Peru in democratic access to information. A documentary review and content analysis were carried out, using the Scopus, Scielo, Redalyc and Dialnet databases. 18 documents were identified for review and two fundamental categories were identified in the study: a) Legal and political framework for access to information in the Peruvian State and b) Challenges and challenges in access to information in Peru. It was concluded that there are important advances in the legal and political framework in the country, but also challenges and pending challenges in this area.

In this article we explore the experiences of principals and school governing body (SGB) members about the implementation of internal financial processes to manage school finances. To avoid the mismanagement of school funds, SGBs are compelled to design and implement internal financial processes. However, many SGB members lack the necessary expertise and inevitably depend on principals to make financial decisions or to find practical solutions to several financial problems. Using a qualitative research approach within an interpretivist paradigm and case study design, we explored the application of internal financial processes of 18 financial managers in 6 Gauteng schools. Invariably, 2 core aspects, transparency and accountability, were raised as essential components of internal control processes. The theoretical framework underpinning this study was primarily Gidden's structuration theory which emphasises the hierarchical levels in schools. The accountability theory, aligned with Gidden's theory, explains the necessity for individuals to justify their actions and foster a sense of accountability for decision-making. The findings reveal that, despite SGBs developing internal financial processes, they experienced challenges to effectively implement these processes. They were compelled to review strategies to bolster internal financial processes, integrating modern technology and fostering better stakeholder engagement.

Abstract: Educational public buildings face challenges in the maintenance management (MM) of their envelopes due to the need for more information about the built asset and the absence of standardized and transparent processes. This study proposes a preliminary method to integrate drone images and BIM to support the MM of educational public buildings with low digital maturity. This investigation adopted a case study approach. The main stages involved a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and a Case Study in a public university, including inspections of ten buildings and a questionnaire administered to the MM team. The SLR revealed a need for studies in contexts with low digital maturity, emphasizing using expensive and complex tools. The case study identified maintenance failures and the need for clear guidelines. Interviews confirmed the need for a preventive culture and a shortage of skilled labor. These insights supported the preliminary proposal for integrating drone images and BIM in educational buildings to support maintenance management. The following steps include implementing and evaluating the process in two case studies to improve transparency and efficiency in MM.

Resumen: Los edificios educativos públicos enfrentan desafíos en la gestión de mantenimiento (GM) de sus envolventes debido a la falta de información sobre el activo construido y a la ausencia de procesos estandarizados y transparentes. Este estudio propone un método preliminar para integrar imágenes de drones y BIM para apoyar la GM de edificios educativos públicos con baja madurez digital. La investigación adoptó un enfoque de estudio de caso. Las principales etapas incluyeron una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura (RSL) y un Estudio de Caso en una universidad pública, incluyendo inspecciones de diez edificios y un cuestionario administrado al equipo de GM. La RSL reveló la necesidad de estudios en contextos con baja madurez digital, destacando el uso de herramientas costosas y complejas. El estudio de caso identificó fallas en el mantenimiento y la necesidad de pautas claras. Las entrevistas confirmaron la necesidad de una cultura preventiva y la falta de mano de obra calificada. Estos hallazgos respaldaron la propuesta preliminar para integrar imágenes de drones y BIM en edificios educativos para apoyar la gestión de mantenimiento. Los siguientes pasos incluyen la implementación y evaluación del proceso en dos estudios de caso para mejorar la transparencia y eficiencia en la GM.

RESUMEN El periodismo de datos representa un enfoque innovador que integra análisis de big data, visualización de datos y tecnologías de la información para comprender y articular la dinámica de la sociedad de la información. Al analizar meticulosamente los conjuntos de datos digitales, el periodismo de datos presenta de manera eficaz eventos complejos de una manera clara y comprensible. Este enfoque mejora la comprensión de la sociedad de la información al transformar los datos en narrativas convincentes, haciendo que los problemas complejos sean accesibles a una audiencia más amplia y permitiendo un acceso más informado a la información. Además, el periodismo de datos no solo ofrece información a sus audiencias objetivo, sino que también fomenta la participación social a través de experiencias interactivas y atractivas. Esto conduce a una mayor transparencia en los procesos democráticos, empoderando a los ciudadanos para tomar decisiones informadas. El propósito de este estudio es explorar el papel crítico del periodismo de datos, que ha surgido junto con las nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación, en la formación de la opinión pública a través de entrevistas con periodistas en el campo y evaluar su impacto en la participación social.

ABSTRACT Data journalism represents an innovative approach that integrates big data analytics, data visualization, and information technologies to comprehend and articulate the dynamics of the information society. By meticulously analyzing digital datasets, data journalism effectively presents complex events clearly and understandably. This approach enhances the understanding of the information society by transforming data into compelling narratives, making complex issues accessible to a broader audience, and enabling more informed access to information. Furthermore, data journalism not only delivers information to its target audiences but also fosters social participation through interactive and engaging experiences. This leads to increased transparency in democratic processes, empowering citizens to make informed decisions. The purpose of this study is to explore the critical role of data journalism, which has emerged alongside new communication technologies, in shaping public opinion through interviews with journalists in the field and to assess its impact on social participation.

Resumen La interacción comunicativa nunca es totalmente transparente. Una definición en términos de pura transferencia de información constituye un empobrecimiento del contenido semántico de un mensaje. Otras connotaciones emocionales de la interacción lingüística están profundamente arraigadas en lo más profundo de la psicología de los sujetos. Esto significa que la interacción es a menudo manipuladora e incluso seductora. Este artículo trata de presentar de forma más sistemática las condiciones de la producción discursiva manipuladora y seductora. La teoría de los actos de habla (Austin, Searle) y la lógica conversacional (Grice) ofrecen algunas herramientas para formalizar más o menos estas sutiles condiciones de producción de la “comunicación” no transparente.

Résumé L'interaction communicative n'est jamais totalement transparente. Une définition en termes de pur transfert d'informations constitue un appauvrissement du contenu sémantique d'un message. D'autres connotations émotionnelles de l'interaction linguistique sont profondément ancrées dans les profondeurs de la psychologie des sujets. Cela signifie que l'interaction est souvent manipulatrice, voire séductrice. Cet article tente de présenter plus systématiquement les conditions d'une production discursive manipulatrice et séductrice. La théorie des actes de langage (Austin, Searle) et la logique conversationnelle (Grice) offrent des outils pour formaliser plus ou moins ces conditions subtiles de production d'une “communication” non transparente.

Abstract Communicative interaction is never totally transparent. A definition in terms of pure information transfer constitutes an impoverishment of the semantic content of a message. Other emotional connotations of linguistic interaction are deeply rooted in the depths of the subjects' psychology. This means that interaction is often manipulative and even seductive. This article attempts to present more systematically the conditions of manipulative and seductive discursive production. Speech act theory (Austin, Searle) and conversational logic (Grice) offer some tools to more or less formalize these subtle conditions of production of non-transparent “communication”.

Resumen: Bajo la premisa de que el acceso a la información sirve para evaluar las acciones de las autoridades y esto contribuye a democratizar la vigilancia en la asignación de recursos gubernamentales, con base en la Ley General de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información Pública, este artículo presenta el desarrollo de un barómetro de transparencia, cuyo fin es evaluar el cumplimiento de las obligaciones comunes de acceso a la información de 112 organismos operadores de agua y saneamiento de las principales ciudades de México. Los resultados muestran que, pese al esfuerzo por cumplir con las obligaciones de transparencia comunes, solo cinco casos reportan un índice superior a 0.80, mientras que el resto señala un cumplimiento inferior. La conclusión es que la ley mencionada se aplica parcialmente a las obligaciones que dichos organismos deben publicar.

Abstract: Under the premise that access to information serves to evaluate the actions of the authorities and this contributes to democratizing surveillance in the allocation of government resources, based on the General Law of Transparency and Access to Public Information, this article presents the development of a transparency barometer, whose purpose is to evaluate compliance with the common obligations of access to information of 112 water and sanitation operating organizations in the main cities of Mexico. The results show that, despite the effort to comply with common transparency obligations, only five cases report an index higher than 0.80, while the rest report lower compliance. The conclusion is that the aforementioned law partially applies to the obligations that these organizations must publish.