Resumo Introdução: A doença renal crônica (DRC) está relacionada à elevada morbimortalidade e perda de qualidade de vida. Igualmente, o hiperparatireoidismo está associado à perda progressiva da função renal, com níveis aumentados de fosfato e diminuição de cálcio, que induzem secreção do paratormônio. Objetivos: Traduzir para língua portuguesa (Brasil), adaptar culturalmente e validar o questionário Parathyroid Symptoms Assessment (PAS), seguindo critérios de confiabilidade e validade em pacientes com DRC e hiperparatireoidismo. Métodos: Estudo metodológico e transversal, realizado no Hospital São Lucas/PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brasil. O processo de validação do questionário PAS seguiu protocolos de estudos anteriores. Após tradução para o português, aplicou-se a 100 pacientes com hiperparatireoidismo secundário (HPTS) e terciário ou persistente (HPTT). Para dados de validação do PAS, os pacientes responderam ao questionário Short Form Health 36 (SF-36). Critérios de confiabilidade foram avaliados usando coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) e alfa de Cronbach (α-C). A validade foi avaliada pelo coeficiente de correlação de Spearman entre valores de PAS e SF-36. Resultados: A idade média dos participantes foi 55,6 ± 15,6 anos, 61% eram homens e 68% foram diagnosticados com HPTS. Entre 100 pacientes, 53% realizaram reteste de PAS (CCI = 0,83). A confiabilidade interna por α-C foi 0,86. Observaram-se correlações negativas entre questões do PAS e os domínios físico e mental do SF-36, que variaram de 0,3 a 0,7. Conclusão A versão brasileira do questionário PAS mostrou-se válida e confiável. O questionário PAS pode ser usado para avaliar qualidade de vida em pacientes brasileiros com hiperparatireoidismo que falam português. Introdução (DRC Igualmente cálcio paratormônio Objetivos Brasil, Brasil , (Brasil) (PAS) Métodos transversal LucasPUCRS Lucas PUCRS Lucas/PUCRS Alegre anteriores português aplicouse aplicou se 10 HPTS (HPTS HPTT. HPTT . (HPTT) 3 SF36. SF36 SF (SF-36) CCI αC. αC α C (α-C) 36. SF-36 Resultados 556 55 6 55, 156 15 15, anos 61 68 53 0,83. 083 0,83 0 83 0,83) 086 86 0,86 Observaramse Observaram SF36, 36, 03 0, 07 7 0,7 mostrouse mostrou confiável (Brasil (PAS 1 (HPTT SF3 (SF-36 (α-C SF-3 5 08 0,8 8 (SF-3 SF- (SF- (SF

Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is related to high morbidity and mortality and loss of quality of life. Likewise, hyperparathyroidism is associated to progressive loss of renal function, with increased phosphate and decrease calcium levels, which induce the secretion of parathyroid hormone. Objectives: To translate into Portuguese (Brazil), culturally adapt and validate the questionnaire Parathyroid Symptoms Assessment (PAS), following reliability and validity criteria in patients with chronic kidney disease and hyperparathyroidism. Methods: Methodological and cross-sectional study, carried out at São Lucas Hospital/PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil. The PAS questionnaire validation process followed protocols from previous studies. After translating into Portuguese, it was applied to 100 patients with secondary (SHPT) and tertiary or persistent (THPT) hyperparathyroidism. For PAS validation data, patients responded to the Short Form Health 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Reliability criteria were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha (α-C). Validity was assessed by Spearman’s correlation coefficient between PAS and SF-36 values. Results: Participant’s mean age was 55.6 ± 15.6 years, 61% was male, and 68% was diagnosed with SHPT. Among 100 patients, 53% performed a PAS retest (ICC = 0.83). The internal reliability by α-C was 0.86. Negative correlations were observed between PAS questions and SF-36 physical and mental domains, which ranged from 0.3 to 0.7. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the PAS questionnaire was found to be valid and reliable. The PAS questionnaire can be used to evaluate quality of life in Brazilian patients with hyperparathyroidism who speak Portuguese. Introduction CKD (CKD Likewise function levels hormone Objectives Brazil, Brazil , (Brazil) PAS, (PAS) Methods crosssectional cross sectional study HospitalPUCRS Hospital PUCRS Hospital/PUCRS Alegre studies 10 SHPT (SHPT THPT (THPT data 3 SF36 SF (SF-36 ICC Cronbachs Cronbach s αC. αC α C . (α-C) Spearmans Spearman SF-3 values Results Participants Participant 556 55 6 55. 156 15 15. years 61 male 68 53 0.83. 083 0.83 0 83 0.83) 086 86 0.86 domains 03 0. 07 7 0.7 Conclusion reliable (Brazil (PAS 1 SF3 (SF-3 (α-C SF- 5 08 0.8 8 (SF- (SF

Abstract: Prosody is a subject that has been very little dealt with in the studies on the teaching of Sanskrit, and is essential for understanding the phonetic, lexical, morphological and syntactic processes of that language. The basis of its study is described in one of the most important works for the ancient Indian tradition, the Nāṭyaśāstra, attributed to the wise Bharata (ca. 5th century B.C.E.). It is a play of theatrical theory where the postulates of Indian literary theory are established within the dramatic context. In fact, this work has been the genesis of later Indian theorists, because it provides an understanding of the literary and constructive processes of Sanskrit and Prakrit literature. I present here a translation into Spanish, along with an analysis and a brief introduction, of chapter XV of the Nāṭyaśāstra.

Resumen: La prosodia es un tema muy poco tratado en los estudios sobre la enseñanza del sánscrito, y es esencial para entender los procesos fonéticos, léxicos, morfológicos y sintácticos de esa lengua. Lo fundamental de su estudio se describe en una de las obras más importantes para la tradición de India antigua, el Nāṭyaśāstra, atribuida al sabio Bharata (ca. siglo V a.e.c.), una obra de teoría teatral donde se establecen los postulados de la teoría literaria india en el contexto dramático. En efecto, esta obra ha sido la génesis de teóricos indios posteriores, porque permite entender los procesos literarios y constructivos de la literatura sánscrita y prácrita. Presento aquí una traducción al español, junto con un análisis y una breve introducción, del capítulo XV del Nāṭyaśāstra.

Abstract. This paper deals with the reception of the Foucauldian notion of governmentality in Roberto Esposito’s thought by taking into account the Italian translation of Foucault’s lectures of 1977 and 1978 at the Collège de France. First, the different contexts of reception of these lectures are presented, in particular the Anglo-Saxon studies of governmentality and the crisis of Italian Marxism in the late 1970s. Secondly, Foucault’s position in his courses of these years is analyzed from the perspective of the opposition between Machiavellianism and anti-Machiavellianism, precisely in view of the Italian reception. Finally, this paper analyses the reception of the notion of governmentality by Roberto Esposito in his 1980 work La politica e la storia. The paper shows the importance of this early reception of Foucault’s lessons regarding the formation of the Italian biopolitical current and its specificities.

Resumen. Este artículo se ocupa de la recepción de la noción foucaultiana de “gubernamentalidad” en el pensamiento de Roberto Esposito a partir de la traducción al italiano de las lecciones de Foucault de los años 1977 y 1978 en el Collège de France. En primer lugar, se exponen los diferentes contextos de recepción de estas lecciones, en particular en el ámbito anglosajón de los estudios sobre la gubernamentalidad y en el de la crisis del marxismo italiano de finales de los setenta. En segundo lugar, se analiza la posición de Foucault en sus cursos de estos años desde la perspectiva de la oposición entre maquiavelismo y antimaquiavelismo en vista, precisamente, de la recepción italiana. Por último, se aborda la recepción de la noción de “gubernamentalidad” por parte de Roberto Esposito en su obra de 1980, La politica e la storia. El artículo muestra la importancia de esta recepción temprana de las lecciones de Foucault respecto de la formación de la corriente biopolítica italiana y, sobre todo, sus especificidades.

Resumo O uso de preservativos pode ser influenciado por aspectos psicológicos e socioculturais, que podem ser modulados por atitudes individuais. O objetivo foi propor uma versão em português brasileiro da Short-Form Condom Attitude Scale (Short-Form CAS), descrevendo os procedimentos de tradução, adaptação transcultural e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas em uma amostra de universitários. Trata-se de estudo transversal com estudantes matriculados na Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Campus Ribeirão Preto (n = 491; 61,2% feminino; média de idade: 22 anos; desvio-padrão: quatro anos). Foi realizada análise fatorial confirmatória. O modelo unifatorial com sete itens apresentou boa validade fatorial e confiabilidade, sugerindo ser a melhor solução fatorial para a Short-Form CAS. Há poucos estudos sobre os fatores comportamentais associados ao uso de preservativos em populações-chave, o que pode ser influenciado pela falta de instrumentos. A principal contribuição deste estudo foi propor uma versão simples e adaptada transculturalmente da Short-Form CAS com algumas propriedades psicométricas verificadas. Uma vez que o uso de preservativos é um componente do comportamento sexual de risco, a escala se apresenta como uma nova opção para futuros estudos na população brasileira. socioculturais individuais ShortForm Short Form CAS, , CAS) tradução universitários Tratase Trata USP, USP (USP) n 491 612 61 2 61,2 feminino idade anos desviopadrão desvio padrão desvio-padrão anos. . anos) confirmatória confiabilidade populaçõeschave, populaçõeschave populações chave, chave populações-chave instrumentos verificadas risco brasileira (USP 49 6 61, 4

Abstract The condom use can be influenced by psychological and sociocultural aspects, which can be modulated by individual’s attitudes. The aim was to propose a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Short-Form Condom Attitude Scale (Short-Form CAS), describing all procedures of translation, transcultural adaptation, and psychometric properties evaluation when applied to undergraduate students. A cross sectional study was conducted among students enrolled at University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Ribeirão Preto (n = 491; 61.2% female; average age: 22 years; standard deviation: four years). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed. A one-factor model with seven items exhibited good factorial validity and reliability, suggesting to be a better factorial solution of the Short-Form CAS in the sample. Few studies have been carried out on the behavioral factors associated with condom use in key populations, which can be exacerbated by a lack of appropriate scales. Therefore, the main contribution of the present study was to propose a simplified and transculturally adapted version of the Short-form CAS with some psychometric properties verified. Since the use of condoms is a component of the study of sexual risk behavior, this scale might be an option to be applied in various Brazilian population segments for this purpose. aspects individuals individual s attitudes ShortForm Short Form CAS, , CAS) translation adaptation USP, USP (USP) n 491 612 61 2 61.2 female age years deviation years. . years) performed onefactor one reliability sample populations scales Therefore Shortform form verified behavior purpose (USP 49 6 61. 4

Abstract: This paper presents an empirical study of the directionality of the translation of Chinese adverbs of degree. We adopt the corpus-based quantitative methodology and the qualitative method to analyze the differences between direct and inverse translations of adverbs of degree in a self-built parallel corpus. The result shows that the Spanish translators prefer to use the equivalence method, while the Chinese tend to use the omission method. Moreover, the inverse translations present a much more prominent weakening of the degree than the direct ones. We find that the subjectivity of the translator and the characteristics of Chinese adverbs of degree, such as the blurred border between different degrees and semantic degeneracy, are the main factors of the discrepancy between direct and inverse translations. This work complements the studies on translation directionality and the translation of adverbs of degree.

Resumen: Este trabajo presenta un estudio empírico sobre la direccionalidad en la traducción de los adverbios de grado chinos. Se ha adoptado una metodología cuantitativa basada en corpus y se ha realizado un estudio cualitativo para analizar las diferencias entre las traducciones directas e inversas de los adverbios de grado en un corpus paralelo construido para este estudio. El resultado muestra que los traductores hispanos prefieren utilizar el método de equivalencia, mientras que los chinos tienden a usar el método de omisión; asimismo, las traducciones inversas presentan un debilitamiento de grado mucho más relevante que las directas. De acuerdo con los hallazgos, se ha establecido que la subjetividad del traductor y las características de los adverbios de grado chinos, como el límite difuso entre las categorías y la degeneración semántica, son los principales factores de divergencias entre las traducciones directas e inversas. Este trabajo completa los estudios sobre la direccionalidad traductológica y la traducción de los adverbios de grado.

Resumo Uma obra e um mito, cujo percurso começou no século X, nos meios da Chancelaria Califal de Córdova, durante o reinado de ‘Abd al-Raḥmān III, e cujos conteúdos e informações ainda hoje se mantêm válidos e suscitando vários e variados estudos. Obra a que está vinculado um nome, “al-Rāzī”, cuja versão latinizada, “Rasis”, acabou colada à primeira tradução para português, que desde o século XIII passou a transmitir aquela memória, e depois para a tradução da versão portuguesa para castelhano, onde se fixou. O texto que serviu de base àquela primeira tradução portuguesa, e a partir da qual surgiu a atribuição a “Rasis”, já era, de facto, a obra de Ibn Ġālib, uma refundição do século XII. O texto da primeira tradução passou por várias mãos, lugares e situações até desaparecer no Terramoto de 1755. A tradução castelhana e a Crónica Geral de Espanha de 1344, que teve aquela primeira como fonte, permitiram reconstituir o texto da tradução perdida. Ao longo dos séculos XIX e XX, edições e traduções de textos árabes suscitaram a ideia de uma possível recriação da matriz árabe perdida.

Abstract A work and a myth, whose journey began in the 10th century, in the Califal Chancellery of Córdoba, during the reign of ‘Abd al-Raḥmān III, and whose contents and information are still valid today and giving rise to several and varied studies. A work to which a name is linked, “al-Rāzī”, whose Latinized version, “Rasis”, ended up being glued to the first translation into Portuguese, which since the 13th century began to transmit that memory, and then to the translation of the Portuguese version into Castilian, where it settled. The text that served as the basis for that first Portuguese translation, and from which that attribution to “Rasis” arose, was already, in fact, the work of Ibn Ġālib, a 12th century recast. The text of the first translation passed through several hands, places and situations until it disappeared in the earthquake of 1755. The Castilian translation and the Crónica General de Espanha of 1344, which had the former as its source, allowed us to reconstruct the text of the lost translation. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, editions and translations of Arabic texts raised the idea of a possible recreation of the lost Arabic matrix.

Resumen Este trabajo se propone determinar en qué medida el estudio del marco teórico relacionado con la traductología y las prácticas de traducción e interpretación propuestas en el aula-taller de las asignaturas Interpretación y Traducción I e Interpretación y Traducción II de la Licenciatura en Lengua Inglesa de UNLAM modifican las percepciones y prejuicios iniciales del estudiantado respecto de la traducción. También intenta analizar sus reflexiones sobre los beneficios de esta modalidad de trabajo. Para indagarlo, se realizó una encuesta a dos comisiones pertenecientes a diferentes cohortes al concluir el primer cuatrimestre de 2019 y en 2021. Los resultados demuestran que, luego del trabajo realizado en el aula-taller, los cursantes valoraron la implementación de las técnicas abordadas y su significancia en el aula de ILE (Inglés como Lengua Extranjera). Esto implica una visión positiva respecto a la importancia de estas técnicas como facilitadoras de la comunicación y del abordaje cultural entre los participantes en su formación de grado.

Abstract This paper aims to determining to what extent the study of the theoretical background related to translation studies and the translation and interpretation practices proposed in the workshop-classroom of the subjects Interpretation and Translation I and Interpretation and Translation II in the Bachelor's Degree in English Language at UNLAM modify the initial perceptions and prejudices of the students regarding translation. It also attempts to analyze their reflections on the benefits of this working method. To investigate this, a survey was conducted with two groups from different cohorts at the end of the first term of 2019 and in 2021. The results prove that, after this research done in the workshop-classroom, the students appreciated the implementation of the techniques covered and their significance within the EFL (English as a Foreign Language) classroom. This implies a positive view regarding the importance of these techniques as facilitators of communication and cultural understanding among the participants in their undergraduate education.

Resumen: La traducción y la interpretación son de suma importancia para la comunicación intercultural que es esencial en el mundo contemporáneo. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo documentar la trayectoria que, de 2011 a la fecha, ha tenido la didáctica de la traducción y la interpretación en el Instituto de Investigaciones en Educación de la Universidad Veracruzana (UV). Ello en el marco del octogésimo aniversario de la fundación de esta casa de estudios. En este estudio de caso nos interesa destacar las actividades e iniciativas que se han puesto en marcha, los proyectos y las investigaciones, así como los programas educativos que consideran y fomentan la traducción y la interpretación. Los hallazgos del estudio permiten observar el impulso que han logrado estos campos de estudio a nivel académico.

Abstract: Translation and interpreting are of utmost importance for intercultural communication, which is essential in the contemporary world. This article aims to document the course of the didactics of translation and interpreting studies from 2011 until now at the Instituto de Investigaciones en Educación (Research Institute in Education) at the Universidad Veracruzana (University of Veracruz), due to the 80th anniversary of this university. In this case study, we are interested in highlighting the activities and initiatives launched, the projects and research, and the educational programs that consider and promote translation and interpreting. The study’s findings allow us to visualize the momentum these fields of study have achieved at an academic level.

Abstract. The objective of the article is to offer a tour of the experiences of indigenous women who are pursuing university studies within the framework of the Diploma in Wichí-Castilian Intercultural Interpretation and Translation for Access to Justice, offered by the National University of Salta (Salta, Argentina). A qualitative methodology is employed, and their experiences are presented from an ethnographic perspective in relation to the use of the languages (Wichí-Spanish) and their perspectives on completing the diploma program. The results highlight the specific ways in which both languages are learned and used in their educational trajectories, as well as the unique challenges faced by women in accessing university education. In the conclusions, the positive impact of the Diploma program among Wichí women is emphasized, as it enables the development of new life projects within this population. The conclusions highlight the positive impact of the Diploma among Wichí women, since it enables the construction of new life projects in this population sector.

Resumen. El objetivo del artículo es ofrecer un recorrido por las experiencias de mujeres indígenas que cursan estudios universitarios en el marco de la Diplomatura en Interpretación y Traducción Intercultural Wichí-Castellano para el Acceso a la Justicia, dictada por la Universidad Nacional de Salta (Salta, Argentina). Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa y desde una perspectiva etnográfica se presentan sus experiencias en relación con el uso de las lenguas (wichí-castellano) y las visiones que tienen respecto del egreso de la diplomatura. En los resultados se señalan las especificidades de los modos en que se aprenden y utilizan ambas lenguas en sus trayectorias escolares, y las particularidades que tiene el acceso a la universidad siendo mujeres. En las conclusiones se destaca el impacto positivo de la diplomatura entre las mujeres wichí, ya que habilita la construcción de nuevos proyectos de vida en este sector poblacional.

Resumen Este artículo muestra el uso de recursos web para crear entornos para visualizar los poliedros de Arquímedes y los respectivos duales de Catalan. Estos entornos fueron creados utilizando recursos de Realidad Virtual (VR), que permiten al visitante manipular los poliedros y compararlos y sus duales. Para la construcción de las salas virtuales se utilizaron transformaciones geométricas de traslación y rotación, utilizando estructuras de jerarquías de páginas HTML, e insertando cada poliedro en su respectiva sala virtual. Los recursos presentados en este trabajo se pueden utilizar en el aula para visualizar poliedros con gafas inmersivas e incluso en Realidad Aumentada (RA) utilizando smartphones y tablets. Otros estudios que se pueden desarrollar con los poliedros modelados en este artículo son áreas, volúmenes, secciones planas y la relación de Euler. Este artículo muestra la posibilidad de crear materiales didácticos con una tecnología sencilla y gratuita que hace un gran aporte a la mejora de la enseñanza de la Geometría, así como de otras áreas que utilizan representaciones gráficas de objetos 3D.

Abstract This paper shows the use of web resources to create environments for visualizing Archimedean polyhedra and the respective Catalan duals. These environments were created using Virtual Reality (VR) resources, which allow the visitor to manipulate the polyhedra and compare the polyhedra and their duals. Geometric transformations of translation and rotation were used to build the virtual rooms, using HTML page hierarchies structures, and inserting each polyhedron in its respective virtual room. The resources presented in this work can be used in the classroom to visualize polyhedra with immersive goggles and even in Augmented Reality (AR) using smartphones and tablets. Other studies that can be developed with the polyhedra modeled in this article are areas, volumes, plane sections and the Euler relation. This article shows the possibility of creating teaching materials with a simple, free technology that makes a great contribution to improving the teaching of Geometry, as well as other areas that use graphic representations of 3D objects.

Abstract: In the construction of philology as a scientific discipline, the history of language became the appropriate subject for putting the new methodology into practice. In Spain, the philologists of the Centro de Estudios Históricos de Madrid also based their studies on the establishment of a historical and evolutionary description of the Castilian language, for which they had to turn to the study of its first manifestations. In this article we propose to tell how the first advances were made in a discipline that moved from the field of research, with the work of the Center, to the academic field with the creation of the Chair of History of the Castilian language. A key date in this process was 1914, when the Revista de Filología Española was founded. That year a new plan of studies was established in the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the Universidad Central de Madrid (Spain), which created the chair of History of the language, which was taken over by Américo Castro, who that same year published the translation of Meyer-Lübke’s book, Introducción al estudio de la lingüística romance.

Resumen: En la construcción de la filología como disciplina científica, la historia de la lengua se convirtió en la materia propicia para poner en práctica la nueva metodología. En España, los filólogos del Centro de Estudios Históricos de Madrid también basaron sus estudios en la realización de una descripción histórica y evolutiva de la lengua castellana, para lo que tuvieron que acudir al estudio de sus primeras manifestaciones. En este artículo nos proponemos contar cómo fueron los primeros avances de una disciplina que pasó del campo de la investigación, con los trabajos del Centro, al académico con la creación de la cátedra de Historia de la lengua castellana. Una fecha clave en este proceso fue la de 1914, en la que se fundó la Revista de Filología Española, ese año se estableció un nuevo plan de Estudios en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Central de Madrid que creó la cátedra de Historia de la lengua castellana, de la que se hizó cargo Américo Castro, quien ese mismo año publicó la traducción del libro de Meyer-Lübke, Introducción al estudio de la lingüística romance.

Resumen El taoísmo es una doctrina filosófica y religiosa arraigada profundamente en la cultura china. Fueron sacerdotes españoles quienes iniciaron el proceso de divulgación de ésta en el mundo hispano. No obstante, investigadores de otras nacionalidades continuaron dicha labor, con resultados dispares, puesto que no eran conscientes de la sinonimia y del significado real de los recursos alegóricos empleados por los autores chinos. Por otro lado, las traducciones indirectas han provocado un sinfín de malas interpretaciones que, en la actualidad, son subsanadas por medio de traslaciones directas del chino. El propósito de este artículo es dar a conocer la historia de la traducción del taoísmo a las lenguas occidentales en general, y al español en particular. De igual modo, se analiza la cantidad, la calidad y la variedad de los títulos publicados en el mundo hispano, aportando una visión general de los resultados alcanzados.

Abstract Taoism is a philosophical and religious doctrine deeply rooted in Chinese culture. Spanish priests initiated the process of dissemination of this doctrine in the Hispanic world. However, researchers of other nationalities continued this work, with mixed results, since they were not aware of the synonymy and the real meaning of the allegorical resources used by the Chinese authors. On the other hand, the indirect translations have caused an endless number of misinterpretations that, at present, are corrected through direct translations from Chinese. The purpose of this article is to present the history of the translation of Taoism into Western languages in general, and into Spanish in particular. It also analyzes the quantity, quality and variety of the titles published in the Spanish-speaking world, providing an overview of the results achieved.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Improving communication and understanding skills in English at present is an indispensable necessity for those who conduct masters and doctorate studies, since they allow them to disclose the results of research with more precision, as well as to clearly assimilate the specialized literature. Objective: To analyze some of the main translation strategies used by the participants in the course about understanding and communication research results. Methods: An educational study was carried out in the period 2021-2022 at the University of Medical Sciences in Cienfuegos, with a sample of 42 professionals enrolled in doctoral training programs of biomedical, stomatological and psychological sciences. For this purpose, observation was used as a method to describe the training process in translation of medical texts from English to Spanish. Results: The most used strategy by doctorate students was literal translation, which was found in the 107 fragments analyzed, and it was the only one applied in 86.9% of the cases; followed by transposition (70.0%). Lexical calque was the least used strategy, as it only appeared in 11.2% of the medical texts translated from English to Spanish. Conclusions: The most used strategies were literal translation and transposition, which is due to the fact that lexical and syntactic structures serve as a basis for establishing analogies between Spanish and English languages and, therefore, facilitate the re-expression involved in translation process.

RESUMEN Introducción: Perfeccionar las habilidades de comunicación y comprensión del inglés en los momentos actuales es una necesidad indispensable para aquellos que realizan estudios de maestría y doctorado, pues les permite divulgar los resultados de sus investigaciones con mayor precisión, así como asimilar claramente la literatura especializada que consulten. Objetivo: Analizar algunas de las principales estrategias de traducción empleadas por los participantes en el curso de comprensión y comunicación de los resultados de investigación. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación educativa en el periodo 2021-2022 en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos, para lo cual se seleccionó una muestra de 42 profesionales, matriculados en los programas de formación doctoral en ciencias biomédicas, estomatológicas y psicológicas. A tal efecto, se empleó la observación como método para describir el proceso de entrenamiento en traducción de textos médicos del inglés al español. Resultados: La estrategia más empleada por los doctorandos fue la traducción literal, que se halló en los 107 fragmentos analizados y en 86,9 % de estos fue la única aplicada; a esta le siguió la transposición (70,0 %). Los calcos léxicos constituyeron la estrategia menos usada, pues solo figuraron en 11,2 % de los textos médicos traducidos del inglés al español. Conclusiones: Las estrategias más utilizadas fueron la traducción literal y la transposición, lo cual se debe a que las estructuras léxicas y sintácticas sirven de base para establecer analogías entre los idiomas español e inglés y, por tanto, facilitan la reexpresión que conlleva el proceso de traducción.

ABSTRACT Critical language education with children and research in this area have been in particular evidence in the last decade (Merlo; Malta, 2022; Tonelli; Kawachi-Furlan, 2021; Malta, 2019; Merlo, 2018; Tonelli; Pádua; Oliveira, 2017). Due to the complexity of pedagogical work with children, thinking about language and education correlated with pedagogical praxis becomes necessary nowadays. Therefore, this article aims to share two experiences that link translation studies (Zaidan, 2012; Arrojo, 2007; Bassnett, 2003) - of children’s literature - to language education in English with children. Both experiences were carried out during the preparation of final papers (Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso) for the Letras-Inglês course at the Federal University of Espírito Santo. In the first one (Oliveira, 2022), we report the translation process of the literary work of the writer Ziraldo (2005) entitled O Joelho Juvenal. Together with the translation of the book, that study brings suggestions for using the material to teach English with children from a decolonial perspective (Menezes de Souza; Figueiredo; Martinez, 2019; Mignolo, 2018). In dialogue with this work of literary translation, the second experience consisted of the elaboration and development of lesson plans based on the translation carried out by Oliveira (2022). Thus, the research by Silva (2023), in addition to promoting reflections on praxiologies (Pessoa; Silva; Freitas, 2021), considers the relevance of literature in early childhood education (Tonelli, 2008) and argues that storytelling practices help to promote a Freirean perspective (Freire, 1997; 1996; 1987) for critical language education with children. Finally, we reflect on how both experiences contribute to the initial teacher education of these students in the final stages of undergraduate courses, while at the same time cooperating in the construction of their own curricula and their pedagogical practices with children. Merlo (Merlo Malta 2022 Tonelli KawachiFurlan, KawachiFurlan Kawachi Furlan, Furlan Kawachi-Furlan 2021 2019 2018 Pádua 2017. 2017 . 2017) nowadays Therefore Zaidan, Zaidan (Zaidan 2012 Arrojo 2007 Bassnett 2003 childrens s Trabalho Curso LetrasInglês Letras Inglês Santo (Oliveira 2022, , 2022) 2005 (2005 Juvenal book Menezes Souza Figueiredo Martinez Mignolo 2018. 2018) 2022. (2022) Thus 2023, 2023 (2023) Pessoa (Pessoa Freitas 2021, 2021) Tonelli, (Tonelli 2008 Freire, Freire (Freire 1997 1996 1987 Finally courses 202 201 200 (200 (2022 (2023 199 198 20 (20 (202 19 2 (2 1 (

RESUMO A educação linguística crítica com crianças e pesquisas nessa área têm estado em especial evidência na última década (Merlo; Malta, 2022; Tonelli; Kawachi-Furlan, 2021; Malta, 2019; Merlo, 2018; Tonelli; Pádua; Oliveira, 2017). Dada a complexidade do trabalho pedagógico com crianças, pensar a linguageme a educação correlacionadas às práxis pedagógicas torna-se um caminho necessário nos dias atuais. Sendo assim, este artigo tem como principal objetivo compartilhar duas experiências que interligam estudos em tradução (Zaidan, 2012; Arrojo, 2007; Bassnett, 2003) de literatura infantil à educação linguística em inglês com crianças. Ambas as experiências foram realizadas ao longo da elaboração de trabalhos de conclusão do curso de Letras-inglês da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Na primeira delas (Oliveira, 2022), relatamos o processo de tradução da obra literária do escritor Ziraldo (2005), intitulada O Joelho Juvenal. Juntamente à tradução do livro, o referido estudo traz sugestões de uso do material para a prática de ensino de inglês com crianças em uma perspectiva decolonial (Menezes de Souza; Figueiredo; Martinez, 2019; Mignolo, 2018). Em diálogo com esse trabalho de tradução literária, a segunda experiência consistiu na elaboração e desenvolvimento de planos de aula baseados na tradução realizada por Oliveira (2022). Assim, a pesquisa de Silva (2023), além de promover reflexões sobre praxiologias (Pessoa; Silva; Freitas, 2021), tece considerações sobre a relevância da literatura na educação infantil (Tonelli, 2008) e defende que práticas de contação de histórias auxiliam na promoção de um olhar freireano (Freire, 1997; 1996; 1987) para a educação linguística crítica com crianças. Finalmente, refletimos sobre como ambas as experiências colaboram para a formação docente inicial desses estudantes em fase final da graduação, ao mesmo tempo em que cooperaram para a construção de seus próprios currículos e de suas práticas pedagógicas com crianças. Merlo (Merlo Malta 2022 Tonelli KawachiFurlan, KawachiFurlan Kawachi Furlan, Furlan Kawachi-Furlan 2021 2019 2018 Pádua 2017. 2017 . 2017) tornase torna se atuais assim Zaidan, Zaidan (Zaidan 2012 Arrojo 2007 Bassnett 2003 Letrasinglês Letras Santo (Oliveira 2022, , 2022) 2005, 2005 (2005) Juvenal livro Menezes Souza Figueiredo Martinez Mignolo 2018. 2018) 2022. (2022) Assim 2023, 2023 (2023) Pessoa (Pessoa Freitas 2021, 2021) Tonelli, (Tonelli 2008 Freire, Freire (Freire 1997 1996 1987 Finalmente graduação 202 201 200 (2005 (2022 (2023 199 198 20 (200 (202 19 2 (20 1 (2 (

Abstract This article aims at contributing with research initiatives focusing on (re)tracing and discussing (hi)stories of subtitling of foreign films in Brazil and Brazilian films abroad. Methodologically, we carried out a literature review, including search in press archives, and critical discussion. The theoretical perspective adopted in this article is discursive-deconstructive. We highlight the importance of working on our epistemological legacies, particularly regarding Translation Studies, more specifically audiovisual translation. We also emphasize the need to begin thinking about subtitling more as a social-historical-discursive language practice and less as a mere ‘bridge’ of accessibility. retracing re tracing histories hi stories abroad Methodologically review archives discussion discursivedeconstructive. discursivedeconstructive discursive deconstructive. deconstructive discursive-deconstructive legacies Studies translation socialhistoricaldiscursive social historical ‘bridge bridge accessibility

Resumo O objetivo geral deste artigo é o de contribuir com iniciativas de pesquisa que visam (re)traçar e discutir rastros do percurso histórico da legendagem de filmes estrangeiros no Brasil e de filmes brasileiros no exterior. Metodologicamente, este trabalho realiza uma revisão de literatura, além de revisão bibliográfica em arquivos de imprensa, acrescidas de discussões críticas. Para tanto, a perspectiva teórica mobilizada é a discursivo-desconstrutiv(ist)a. Este artigo destaca a importância de trabalhar as heranças epistemológicas por nós legadas, particularmente no que tange aos Estudos da Tradução, especialmente à tradução audiovisual, e a necessidade de vislumbrar essa modalidade de tradução mais como prática sócio-histórica-discursiva de linguagem e menos como uma mera “ponte” de acessibilidade. retraçar re traçar exterior Metodologicamente literatura imprensa críticas tanto discursivodesconstrutivista. discursivodesconstrutivista discursivo desconstrutiv ist a. discursivo-desconstrutiv(ist)a legadas Tradução audiovisual sóciohistóricadiscursiva sócio histórica discursiva ponte “ponte acessibilidade