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Abstract:Disease detection and classification in crops is crucial for the development and growth of the agricultural sector. Traditional techniques and the low technical level applied to crop control generate significant losses for farmers. Computer vision offers solutions in this field; however, current research focuses on using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which cannot accurately locate the most relevant features in an image. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a deep learning model based on the Vision Transformers (ViT) architecture to detect and classify early and late blight diseases in potato leaves. This research demonstrates how data augmentation, fine-tuning, and transfer learning techniques can improve the model's performance. The dataset for training and testing was taken from the PlantVillage platform. The report of the proposed model's evaluation metrics reaches an accuracy of 99.18% and an F1 score of 98.7%. The results demonstrate a high level of prediction in potato foliar diseases and evidence of the efficiency of attention mechanisms. It is concluded that the model is an innovative and functional tool for farmers.

Resumen:La detección y clasificación de enfermedades en cultivos es crucial para el desarrollo y crecimiento del sector agrícola. El uso de técnicas tradicionales y el bajo nivel técnico aplicado al control de los sembríos generan grandes pérdidas para los agricultores. La visión por computadora aporta soluciones en este campo, no obstante, las investigaciones actuales se centran en el uso de redes neuronales convolucionales (Convolutional Neural Networks, CNNs), las cuales tienen una limitada capacidad para ubicar de forma precisa las características de mayor relevancia en una imagen. Para superar estas limitaciones, nuestro estudio propone un modelo de aprendizaje profundo basado en la arquitectura de Transformadores de Visión (Vision Transformers, ViT) para detectar y clasificar las enfermedades tizón temprano y tizón tardío en las hojas de papa. En esta investigación se evidencia cómo las técnicas de aumento de datos, ajuste fino y aprendizaje por transferencia permiten mejorar el rendimiento del modelo. El conjunto de datos para entrenamiento y prueba fue tomado de la plataforma PlantVillage. El reporte de métricas de evaluación del modelo propuesto alcanza una exactitud de 99.18% y un puntaje F1 de 98.7%. Los resultados demuestran un alto nivel de predicción en las enfermedades foliares de papa y evidencian la eficiencia de los mecanismos de atención. Se concluye que el modelo se consolida como una herramienta innovadora y funcional para los agricultores.

https://doi.org/10.37135/ns.01.15.06

Ventajas y barreras de la vinculación universidad-empresa: análisis desde la perspectiva académica
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Mueller, Adilson

; Moraga López, Geannina

; Silva Santos, Jane Lucia

; de la Cerna Hernández, Carla

; Villalobos Rodríguez, Gerardo

; Giugliani, Eduardo

; Chong Guardia, Eysel Adolfo

Tec Empresarial

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Abr 2025, Volumen 19 Nº 1 Paginas 51 - 67

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract This article addresses university-business linkages to promote innovation, examining the advantages, barriers and strategic actions observed by researchers and professors from Latin American academic institutions. To carry out the analysis, an online survey was applied to a sample of 305 participants residing in different Latin American countries, that is: Brazil, Panama, Colombia, Costa Rica, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Mexico. The core results reveal 15clear advantages of university-business linkages, including the transfer of research results and greater visibility for universities and their research groups. The main barriers emerging from the analysis, including financing problems, lack of human resources and lack of time management, varied by country, gender and age of participants. The findings of the study provide guidance for strategic actions to strengthen university-business links in Latin America, highlighting the importance of adaptability and adaptation to changing environmental conditions in order to better exploit the mutual collaborative benefits of innovation and sustainable development.

Resumen Este artículo aborda el vínculo universidad-empresa para promover la innovación, examinando las ventajas, barreras y acciones estratégicas observadas por investigadores y profesores de instituciones académicas latinoamericanas. Para realizar el análisis, se aplicó una encuesta en línea a una muestra de 305 participantes residentes en diferentes países de América Latina, es decir: Brasil, Panamá, Colombia, Costa Rica, Bolivia, Ecuador y México. Los principales resultados revelan 15 claras ventajas de los vínculos universidad-empresa, entre ellas la transferencia de resultados de investigación y una mayor visibilidad para las universidades y sus grupos de investigación. Las principales barreras que surgen del análisis, entre ellas los problemas de financiación, la falta de recursos humanos y la falta de gestión del tiempo, varían según el país, el género y la edad de los participantes. Los hallazgos del estudio proporcionan orientación para las acciones estratégicas para fortalecer los vínculos universidad-empresa en América Latina, destacando la importancia de la adaptabilidad y la adaptación a las condiciones ambientales cambiantes para aprovechar mejor los beneficios colaborativos mutuos de la innovación y el desarrollo sostenible.

https://doi.org/10.18845/te.v19i1.7578

A Dimensão Partidária-Eleitoral do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida PartidáriaEleitoral Partidária Eleitoral
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Simoni Junior, Sergio

; Dias, Edney Cielici

Dados

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Mar 2025, Volumen 68 Nº 1 elocation e20220098

Resumo O conhecimento sobre a relação entre políticas públicas, partidos e voto para presidente no Brasil está fortemente concentrado em análises de programas de transferência de renda, o que limita a compreensão sobre como diferentes aspectos do desenho e implementação das políticas se relacionam com o jogo partidário-eleitoral. Neste artigo, por meio de regressões lineares aplicadas a todos os municípios brasileiros, analisamos a dinâmica eleitoral da política habitacional Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, considerando desde sua criação até as eleições de 2014, com resultados detalhados por modalidades, fases de implementação e aderência ao deficit habitacional. As estimativas mostram que cidades governadas por partidos pertencentes à coalizão do governo federal não receberam mais unidades habitacionais, à exceção da modalidade direcionada para o eleitorado mais pobre. Além disso, o retorno eleitoral obtido pelo PT foi positivo quando a implementação do programa esteve relacionada com o deficit habitacional, particularmente em 2010. públicas renda partidárioeleitoral. partidárioeleitoral partidário eleitoral. partidário-eleitoral artigo brasileiros Vida 2014 modalidades habitacionais pobre disso 2010 201 20 2

Resumen El conocimiento sobre la relación entre políticas públicas, partidos y elecciones presidenciales en Brasil está fuertemente concentrado en el análisis de programas de transferencia de renta, lo que limita la comprensión sobre cómo diferentes aspectos del diseño e implementación de las políticas se relacionan con el juego partidista electoral. En este artículo, por medio de regresiones lineares aplicadas a todos los municipios brasileros, analizamos la dinámica electoral de la política habitacional “Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida” desde su creación hasta las elecciones de 2014, con resultados detallados por modalidades, fases de implementación y adherencia al déficit de vivienda. Las estimaciones muestran que las ciudades gobernadas por partidos pertenecientes a la coalición del gobierno federal no recibieron más unidades habitacionales, con excepción de la modalidad dirigida al electorado más pobre. Además, el retorno electoral obtenido por el PT fue positivo en los casos en los que la implementación del programa estuvo relacionada con el déficit de vivienda, particularmente en 2010. públicas renta artículo brasileros Programa Vida 2014 modalidades vivienda habitacionales pobre Además 2010 201 20 2

Abstract The literature on the relationship between public policies, political parties, and presidential voting strongly focuses on analyses of income transfer programs, which limits the understanding of how different aspects of policy design and implementation relate to the partisan-electoral game. Through linear regressions applied to all Brazilian municipalities, this article analyzes the electoral dynamics of the Minha Casa Minha Vida (My House My Life) housing policy program. From the program’s inception to the 2014 elections, it details results by policy modalities, implementation phases, and adherence to the housing deficit. The results show that municipalities governed by parties belonging to the federal government’s coalition did not receive more housing units, except for the modality targeted at the poorest electorate. Moreover, the Worker’s Party’s (PT) electoral return was positive where the program’s implementation was related to the housing deficit, particularly in 2010. policies programs partisanelectoral partisan game Life program s 201 elections modalities phases deficit governments government units electorate Moreover Workers Worker Partys Party PT (PT 2010 20 2

Résumé La connaissance de la relation entre les politiques publiques, les partis politiques et le vote présidentiel au Brésil est largement concentrée dans l’analyse des programmes de transfert de revenus, limitant ainsi la compréhension de la manière dont différents aspects de la conception et de la mise en œuvre des politiques sont liés au jeu politique-électoral. Dans cet article, à l’aide de régressions linéaires appliquées à toutes les municipalités brésiliennes, nous analysons la dynamique électorale du programme de logement Minha Casa Minha Vida, de sa création jusqu’aux élections de 2014, avec des résultats détaillés par modalités, phases de mise en œuvre et adhésion au déficit de logement. Les estimations montrent que les villes dirigées par des partis appartenant à la coalition du gouvernement fédéral n’ont pas reçu plus d’unités de logement, à l’exception de la modalité destinée à l’électorat le plus pauvre. De plus, le retour électoral obtenu par le PT était positif lorsque la mise en œuvre du programme était liée au déficit de logement, notamment en 2010. publiques lanalyse l analyse revenus politiqueélectoral. politiqueélectoral politique électoral. politique-électoral article laide aide brésiliennes Vida jusquaux jusqu aux 2014 modalités nont n ont dunités d unités lexception exception lélectorat électorat pauvre 2010 201 20 2

https://doi.org/10.1590/dados.2025.68.1.344

Fortalecimiento del conocimiento didáctico matemático en maestros de primaria en Panamá a través del rediseño de tareas
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Morales-Maure, Luisa

; Torres-Rodríguez, Agustín Alfredo

; Campos-Nava, Marcos

; Martínez, Iveth Verónica

Formación universitaria

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Feb 2025, Volumen 18 Nº 1 Paginas 89 - 100

Resumen: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: This study presents the results of the redesign of the diploma program for elementary school teachers in Panama, with the purpose of providing solid professional training to teach mathematical content in a way that is relevant to the teacher's job context. The teaching of mathematical content at the preschool and elementary level is crucial since it fosters creativity and critical thinking among students. In this 2018-2022 study, a virtual diploma course is offered to 277 teachers with diverse educational backgrounds and work experiences. The results show that the implementation of appropriate pedagogical strategies facilitates the transfer of mathematical knowledge in the classroom while strengthening teacher didactic knowledge, allowing teachers to significantly improve their educational practice. In conclusion, this approach is an effective tool for enhancing the teaching of mathematics since it promotes meaningful and lasting learning in students.

Resumen: Este estudio presenta los resultados del rediseño del programa de diplomado dirigido a maestros de primaria en Panamá, con el propósito de proporcionar una formación profesional sólida que permita enseñar contenidos matemáticos de manera relevante para el contexto laboral del docente. La enseñanza de los contenidos matemáticos en el nivel preescolar y primaria es crucial, ya que fomenta la creatividad y el pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes. En este estudio 2018-2022, se ofrece un diplomado virtual a 277 docentes con diversos antecedentes educativos y experiencias laborales. Los resultados muestran que la implementación de estrategias pedagógicas adecuadas facilita la transferencia de conocimientos matemáticos en el aula y fortalece el conocimiento didáctico de los maestros, lo que les permite mejorar significativamente su práctica educativa. En conclusión, este enfoque es una herramienta efectiva para potenciar la enseñanza de las matemáticas, ya que promueve un aprendizaje más significativo y duradero en los estudiantes.

https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-50062025000100089

COVID-19 in patients with severe mental illness: An analysis of in-patients at a psychiatric hospital in Cape Town
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Sablay, Haseena B. Cossie, Qhama Z. Pieterse, Deirdre I.

South African Journal of Psychiatry

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Feb 2025, Volumen 31 Nº 1 Paginas 1 - 11

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric patients in specialist units are more vulnerable to infections such as SARS-COV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) because of hospital infrastructure and patients' mental health. AIM: This study aimed to describe the psychiatric and medical profile, and the risk factors associated with more severe disease and clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with severe mental illness (SMI) admitted to a specialist psychiatric hospital in South Africa between 01 April 2020 and 30 September 2021. SETTING: The study was executed at the Vàlkenberg Hospital (VBH), which is a government-funded, specialised psychiatric hospital. The hospital comprises 370 beds made up of 145 forensic service beds and 225 acute service beds. It provides in-patient and out-patient services. METHODS: Demographic and clinical information were collected for all VBH in-patients who tested positive for SARS-COV-2 from 01 April 2020 to 30 September 2021. RESULTS: A total of 254 participants tested positive for SARS-COV-2. The sample comprised 75% (n = 191) males with a mean age of 35.7 years. Most patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia (37%, n = 94), bipolar disorder (21%, n = 54) and schizoaffective disorder (19%, n = 49). Reported comorbidities included nicotine use (71%, n = 181), hypertension (11%, n = 28) and human immunodeficiency virus (7%, n = 18). Most patients (62%, n = 156) were symptomatic for COVID-19. Seven per cent (n = 17) required transfer to a medical ward. Almost all patients (99%, n = 252) recovered and 1% (n = 2) died. CONCLUSION: Contrary to early fears of high mortality among institutionalised SMI patients, most experienced mild COVID-19 illness and recovered. CONTRIBUTION: This descriptive study provided information on in-patients with COVID-19 disease at a specialised psychiatric hospital during the pandemic.

https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2286

Efficacy of the Anterolateral Thigh Flap for Head and Neck Reconstruction
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Machaka, Mokgadi Ndobe, Elias Nel, Marietha

Wits Journal of Clinical Medicine

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Feb 2025, Volumen 7 Nº 1 Paginas 21 - 24

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: Head and neck cancers are increasing in Africa, and head and neck defects commonly result from the excision of cancers. Although global studies have reported that the use of anterolateral thigh flaps (ALTF) can safely restore form and function, there are no reports from Africa regarding the efficacy of ALTF in managing these cancers. We report on the experience with the ALTF in the treatment of these cancers from a tertiary academic center in Johannesburg, South Africa METHODS: The study was a retrospective review of all patients admitted to our institution and who underwent ALTF over 5 years between January 2014 and December 2018. Inclusion criteria were head and neck patients who were 18 years or older, fit for a lengthy operation, and with stable medical conditions. Thirty-three patients met the criteria for the study RESULTS: Most patients (n=24) were male with squamous cell carcinoma (78.8%) of the oral cavity. Seven patients suffered complications either at the recipient or the donor site. At the donor site the complication was partial loss (12.1%) of the skin graft. At the recipient site complications were low and included vascular compromise (6%), dehiscence (3%), or complete flap loss (3%). However, there was a total flap survival in 97% of patients CONCLUSION: Reconstruction using the ALTF had a low complication rate and excellent flap survival. These results encourage frequent use of this method of reconstruction for head and neck defects

https://doi.org/10.18772/26180197.2025.v7n1a4

Estimativa do conteúdo de nitrogênio na cana-de-açúcar baseado em índices de vegetação derivados de dados Sentinel-2
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Soares Filho, Jose Neto

; Perez Pereira, Douglas Endrigo

; Regis Noronha, Amanda Soares

Scientia Agropecuaria

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Ene 2025, Volumen 16 Nº 1 Paginas 61 - 70

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A cana-de-açúcar ocupa grande escala territorial no mundo e busca constantemente por mecanismos para monitorar os nutrientes no ciclo de produção da cultura, utilizando métodos não destrutivos. O estudo com objetivo estimar o teor de nitrogênio na folha da cana-de-açúcar foi desenvolvido na safra 2021/2022 sobre dois talhões comerciais de sequeiro cultivares (RB867515 = 50,75 ha) e (CVSP7870 = 48,56 ha) na Usina Energética Serranópolis-Goiás, avaliando a eficiência dos índices bioquímicos de vegetação Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fAPAR) e Canopy Chlorophyll Content (CCC) processados utilizando modelo de transferência de radiação RTM PROSAIL, comparados aos índices Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) e Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), processados utilizando modelos matemáticos e razão de bandas. Ambos, baseados em série temporal de dados Sentinel-2 como variáveis de entrada. A validação do Agro-Modelo ocorreu através de análise de tecido foliar coletada em sete avaliações intercaladas durante o período de permanência da cultura no campo. Foi evidenciado a funcionalidade dos quatro índices, destacando o índice bioquímico fAPAR sob a ótica da estatística descritiva (R² = 0,970 e RMSE = 0,46) para o cultivar RB867515 e (R² = 0,940 e RMSE = 0,69) para o cultivar CVSP7870.

Abstract Sugarcane occupies a large territorial scale in the world and is constantly searching for mechanisms to monitor nutrients in the crop production cycle, using non-destructive methods. The study aimed to estimate the nitrogen content in the sugarcane leaf was developed in the 2021/2022 harvest on two commercial fields of dryland cultivars (RB867515 = 50.75 ha) and (CVSP7870 = 48.56 ha) at the Serranópolis-Goiás mill, evaluating the efficiency of the biochemical vegetation indices Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fAPAR) and Canopy Chlorophyll Content (CCC) processed using the radiation transfer model RTM PROSAIL, compared to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), processed using mathematical band ratio models. Both were based on a time series of Sentinel-2 data as input variables. The validation of the Agro-Model occurred through analysis of leaf tissue collected in seven interspersed evaluations during the period the crop remained in the field. The functionality of the four indexes was evidenced, highlighting the biochemical index fAPAR from the perspective of descriptive statistics (R² = 0.970 and RMSE = 0.46) for the cultivar RB867515 and (R² = 0.940 and RMSE = 0.69) for the cultivar CVSP7870.

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2025.006

Conventional and Biological Direct Glycerol Fuel Cells: Review on Main Experimental and Model-Based Achievements
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Pezzini, Alessandra

; Sousa Júnior, Ruy de

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2025, Volumen 36 Nº 4 elocation e-20240223

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

There is a growing body of research on the use of liquid fuels in fuel cells, including glycerol. The direct oxidation of glycerol in an abiotic (traditional, conventional) fuel cell can not only be used to produce electrical energy, but also to obtain high value-added products. Furthermore, recent experimental studies have employed glycerol in biological fuel cells, which could contribute to transforming the biodiesel industry. Bacterial cultures have been used to degrade glycerol to produce electricity, while enzymatic processes have also employed glycerol to produce electricity and products of interest. This way, the main aim of this review is to survey the principal factors influencing the use of conventional and biological (enzymatic and microbial) fuel cells. A summary of the reports found in the literature is provided concerning the selectivity towards adsorbed intermediates and products generated during the oxidation of glycerol in conventional fuel cells. Not only experimental but also model-based aspects are addressed. For biological fuel cells, an overview of the enzymes and microorganisms used is presented, in addition to addressing the specific electron transfer mechanisms and other relevant aspects (such as challenges and limiting parameters for function and performance).

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20240223

Swine clones: potential application for animal production and animal models
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Nesiyama, Thaís Naomi Gonçalves

; Sangalli, Juliano Rodrigues

; De Bem, Tiago Henrique Camara

; Recchia, Kaiana

; Martins, Simone Maria Massami Kitamura

; Andrade, André Furugen Cesar de

; Ferst, Juliana Germano

; Almeida, Gustavo Henrique Doná Rodrigues

; Marques, Mariana Groke

; Dória, Renata Gebara Sampaio

; Carregaro, Adriano Bonfim

; Feliciano, Marcus Antônio Rossi

; Miglino, Maria Angélica

; Bressan, Fabiana Fernandes

; Perecin, Felipe

; Silveira, Juliano Coelho da

; Smith, Lawrence Charles

; Bordignon, Vilceu

; Meirelles, Flávio Vieira

Animal Reproduction

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2025, Volumen 22 Nº 1 elocation e20240037

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), or cloning, is used to reprogram cells and generate genetically identical embryos and animals. However, the cloning process is inefficient, limiting its application to producing valuable animals. In swine, cloning is mainly utilized to produce genetically modified animals. Indeed, recombinant DNA technologies have evolved considerably in recent years, with homologous recombination and gene editing technologies becoming more efficient and capable of recombining both alleles in a single cell. The selection of appropriate cells and their use as nuclear donors for SCNT is the most common method for generating edited and genetically modified animals for commercial and research purposes. This article reviews current applications of swine cloning and shares our personal experiences with the procedure in this species.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-ar2024-0037

10.

Stochastic short-term mine scheduling targeting stationary grades
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Toledo, Augusto Andres Torres

; Costa, João Felipe Coimbra Leite

; Capponi, Luciano Nunes

; Marques, Diego Machado

REM - International Engineering Journal

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2025, Volumen 78 Nº 1 elocation e240011

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract One of the key objectives in short-term mine planning is to establish a sequence of contiguous blocks organized into diglines, each characterized by consistent low-grade variability and minimal fluctuations, ensuring a stable output. This practice guarantees a steady and reliable supply of ore to the processing plant across various operational phases, each phase outlined for clarity. The creation of this digline requires the generation of multiple random models and involves choosing a model whose grade histogram aligns closely with the predefined criteria. In stochastic mine planning, geological uncertainty and transfer functions are employed to propagate the risk into the mining schedule focusing on grade control. This is accomplished by opting for blocks that present the lowest risk associated with grade uncertainty, a process enhanced by prioritizing blocks situated in geopositions with a proven high probability of occurrence. This study unveils detailed simulation models, clearly outlined digline selection methodologies, and a thorough optimization process, each aspect exemplified within the practical context of a phosphate mine. Our findings confirm the viability of this approach in real industry practice.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0370-44672024780011

11.

ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION EVALUATION OF SnSb ELECTRODEPOSITED COATINGS
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Alcanfor, Ana Aline C.

; Sousa, Natalia G.

; Campos, Othon S.

; Menezes, Alan S. de Oliveira, Edipo S. de Abreu, Hamilton F. G. de Casciano, Paulo N. S. Lima Neto, Pedro de Correia, Adriana N.

Química Nova

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2025, Volumen 48 Nº 3 elocation e-20250086

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

SnxSb(1-x) coatings were electrodeposited from 1ChCl:2EG on copper. The corrosion resistance of the electrodeposits was evaluated in 0.1 mol dm-3 of NaCl. The characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Voltammetric profiles showed that the electrodeposition potential shifted towards less positive values with increasing Sb3+ concentration. SEM images revealed that the coatings exhibited grains and clusters. EDS analyses showed that the Sb content increased with the Sb3+ concentration. XRD results indicated the formation of the SbSn phases such as Cu2Sb, Cu6Sn5, and Cu6(Sn,Sb)5. The potentiodynamic polarization (PP) curves showed that Sn and Sn77Sb23 presented a passive potential region, while Sn37Sb63 had an active dissolution in the electrolyte. Immersion tests were performed for 24 h and XRD results revealed Cu, Sn, SnO, SbSn and Sb2O4 phases. Considering 48 h, Cu, CuSn, SnO2 and SnSb phases were identified. The polarization resistance values of 4.60, 14.69 and 1.81 kΩ cm² were achieved for Sn, Sn77Sb23, and Sn37Sb63, respectively. The EIS results suggested that adding Sb3+ improves corrosion resistance for SnSb samples with higher Sn content. For Sn77Sb23, the charge transfer resistance was 10.5 kΩ cm², for Sn and Sn37Sb63 1.15 and 1.46 kΩ cm², respectively.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20250086

12.

Diphtheria antitoxin treatment: from pioneer to neglected
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Grandière Pérez, Lucia

; Brisse, Sylvain

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2025, Volumen 120 elocation e240214

Resumen: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Diphtheria, a severe respiratory infection, was a major killer of children until the early years of the 20th century. Although diphtheria is now largely controlled globally thanks to vaccination, it is still endemic in some world regions and large epidemics can occur where vaccination coverage is insufficient. The pathological effects caused by its main virulence factor, diphtheria toxin, can be diminished by passive transfer of antibodies. Equine diphtheria antitoxin (eDAT), the cornerstone of treatment against toxinic complications of diphtheria, was invented more than 130 years ago, in 1890, and is still in use today. A method to concentrate anti-diphtheria antibodies from hyperimmune equine serum was described in the first issue of Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz in 1909. On this historic occasion, we present recent knowledge on taxonomic, epidemiological and clinical aspects of diphtheria agents that produce diphtheria toxin, and provide a historical perspective on eDAT treatment, adverse effects, threats on its scarce international supply, and current avenues for alternative therapeutic strategies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760240214

13.

Modelación de la transferencia de calor convectiva en tubos verticales e inclinados bajo efectos viscoso-gravitacionales
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Camaraza-Medina, Yanan

; Peña-Pupo, Leonardo

; Brito-Sauvanell, Ángel Luis

Tecnología Química

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2025, Volumen 45 Paginas 20 - 35

Resumen: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN En este trabajo se presentan nuevos modelos mejorados para el cálculo de la transferencia de calor en tubos inclinados y verticales, desarrollando un nuevo procedimiento de análisis para considerar la influencia del efecto viscoso-gravitacional (VG) sobre el flujo laminar no isotérmico, con el fin de obtener un mejor índice de ajuste a partir de los datos experimentales disponibles y aumentar el rango de validez. Se desarrollaron tres modelos, dos para tubos verticales con flujo ascendente y descendente y uno para tubos inclinados. Para la validación de los modelos se utilizaron datos disponibles de 14 fluidos diferentes, entre ellos agua y líquidos orgánicos. El primer modelo es válido cuando la convección forzada y natural tienen la misma dirección, obteniendo un ajuste de correlación con un error medio del 11,6 % para el 77,8 % de los datos. El segundo modelo es válido cuando la convección forzada y natural están en direcciones opuestas y proporciona una buena correlación con un error medio del 12,8 % para el 74,4 % de los datos experimentales disponibles. El tercer modelo es válido para tubos inclinados con un ángulo de inclinación respecto de la línea horizontal entre y proporciona un buen ajuste de correlación con un error medio del 15,9 % para 75,0 % de los datos experimentales disponibles.

ABSTRACT In this work, new improved models for calculating heat transfer in inclined and vertical tubes are presented, developing a new analysis procedure to consider the influence of the viscous-gravitational effect on non-isothermal laminar flow, in order to obtain a better fit index from the available experimental data and to increase the validity range. Three models were developed, two for vertical tubes with ascending and descending flow and one for inclined tubes. Available data from 14 different fluids, including water and organic liquids, were used to validate the models. The first model is valid when forced and natural convection are in the same direction, obtaining a correlation fit with an average error of 11,6 % for 77,8 % of the data. The second model is valid when forced and natural convection are in opposite directions and provides a good correlation with an average error of 12,8 % for 74,4 % of the available experimental data. The third model is valid for inclined tubes with an inclination angle with respect to the horizontal line between and provides a good correlation fit with an average error of 15,9 % for 75,0 % of the available experimental data.

14.

General and specific combining abilities and partial diallel analysis of hop genotypes for traits of agronomic interest in the highlands of Santa Catarina
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Santos, Marcio dos

; Vesco, Lírio Luiz Dal

; Cerutti, Paulo Henrique

; Pierre, Patrícia Maria Oliveira

; Guidolin, Altamir Frederico

; Trevisani, Nicole

Ciência Rural

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2025, Volumen 55 Nº 2 elocation e20230362

Resumen: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT: Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are of particular economic importance in the highlands of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, by virtue of the number of breweries in the region. However, since the cultivars currently available in the country present poor qualitative attributes and low cone productivity, there is considerable demand for improved genotypes. The results of diallel crossing experiments help to increase our understanding of inheritance processes and the mechanisms controlling the transfer of alleles with additive or non-additive action, thereby allowing breeders to explore the benefits of heterosis. The present study evaluated the general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA, respectively) of four hop genotypes and to obtain F1 hybrids with agronomic traits superior to those of the parents and the ability to adapt to the environmental conditions in the Santa Catarina highlands. Partial diallel crosses were performed using a randomized complete block design involving 14 treatments, namely two male parents (Cascade and Hallertauer), four female parents (Columbus, Chinook, Cascade and Hallertauer) and eight hybrid combinations, with three repetitions each. The results showed that SCA was the predominant controlling mechanism for the manifestation in hybrids of the traits length of the lateral branch, height of insertion of the first cone, plant green mass and cone productivity. Some parental combinations also exhibited high GCA, indicating the presence of favorable alleles with additive action. The best combination was Hallertauer × Cascade, a finding that highlights the importance of choosing parents from different gene pools (American × European) to obtain genetically enhanced hybrids. ABSTRACT Humulus L. L Brazil region However productivity nonadditive non action heterosis GCA respectively F 1 treatments Hallertauer, , Columbus, Columbus (Columbus Chinook each branch American European

RESUMO: O lúpulo (Humulus lupulus L.) possui grande importância econômica no planalto serrano do estado de Santa Catarina, uma vez que existem inúmeras cervejarias nesta região do Brasil. Como as cultivares disponíveis no país carecem de bons atributos qualitativos e apresentam baixa produtividade de cones, existe grande demanda por genótipos melhorados. Os resultados de experimentos de cruzamento dialélico aumentam a compreensão dos processos de herança e dos mecanismos de controle associados à transferência de alelos com ação aditiva ou não aditiva, permitindo assim que os geneticistas explorem os benefícios da heterose. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar as capacidades de combinação geral e específica (CGC e CEC, respectivamente) de quatro genótipos de lúpulo e obter híbridos F1 com características agronômicas superiores às dos genitores e habilidade para se adaptar às condições ambientais do planalto catarinense. Os cruzamentos dialélicos parciais foram realizados em delineamento de blocos casualizados envolvendo 14 tratamentos, i.e. dois genitores masculinos (Cascade e Hallertauer), quatro genitores femininos (Columbus, Chinook, Cascade e Hallertauer) e oito combinações híbridas, com três repetições cada. Os resultados mostraram que a CEC dos genitores foi o mecanismo de controle predominante para a manifestação nos híbridos das características comprimento do ramo lateral, altura de inserção do primeiro cone, massa verde da planta e produtividade de cones. Algumas combinações entre genitores também manifestaram CGC elevada, indicando a presença de alelos favoráveis com ação aditiva. A melhor combinação foi Hallertauer × Cascade e essa descoberta demonstra a importância da escolha de genitores originários de diferentes grupos genéticos (Americano × Europeu) para obter híbridos geneticamente melhorados. RESUMO Humulus L. L Catarina Brasil cones melhorados heterose respectivamente F catarinense 1 tratamentos ie i i.e Hallertauer, , Columbus, Columbus (Columbus Chinook híbridas cada lateral cone elevada Americano Europeu

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20230362

15.

PROCESSO DE INOVAÇÃO PARA TECNOLOGIAS QUÍMICAS NASCIDAS EM UNIVERSIDADES: AÇÕES DO LABORATÓRIO ESCALAB-UFMG UNIVERSIDADES ESCALABUFMG ESCALAB UFMG
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Alves, Thamires Luciana Braz

; Teixeira, Ana Paula de Carvalho Oliveira, Breno Germano de Freitas Barbosa, Luísa Carolina Andrade Oliveira, Maria Paula Duarte de Lago, Rochel Montero

Química Nova

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2025, Volumen 48 Nº 2 elocation e-20250035

Resumen: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

In this work, the innovation process to take chemical technologies born in universities to the market is described. The discussion is structured on the stages: research/science, patenting, opportunity evaluation, scale-up and proof of concept that lead to two possible outputs: technology transfer or startup creation. The work also describes the activities of Escalab, a UFMG technology lab, in the innovation process: technological mapping/R&D for the industry, technology scale up, technology acceleration, open innovation programs with industry and the program “go-to-market” for the insertion of chemical startups in market. It is expected that this experience should motivate academic chemistry researchers to push their technologies to the market. described stages researchscience research science research/science patenting evaluation scaleup up outputs creation Escalab lab mappingRD mapping R D acceleration gotomarket go “go-to-market

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20250035

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